Hydrology Final

Chapter 1
Introduction
Water distributions are important for people living in a
cities or town, giving them sufficient water supply for a certain
cost. It is estimated that 8% of worldwide water use is for
household
purposes.
These
cooking,
sanitation,
and
include
drinking
gardening.
Basic
water,
bathing,
household
water
requirements have been estimated by Peter Gleick at around 50

liters per person per day, excluding water for gardens. Drinking
water is water that is of sufficiently high quality so that it
can be consumed or used without risk of immediate or long term
harm.
Such
water
is
commonly
called
potable
water.
In
most
developed countries, the water supplied to households, commerce

and industry is all of drinking water standard even though only a
very
small
proportion
is
actually
consumed
or
used
in
food
preparation.
Water distributions in Pearanda, Nueva Ecija are supplied
by their own water district located in Gomez St., Poblacion II,
Pearanda, Nueva Ecija. The Pearanda Water District is a local
water district created by virtue of Resolution No. 033 dated
August 1987 of the Municipal Council of Pearanda, Nueva Ecija.
On September 1987, the Certificate of Conditional Conformance No.
Water Distribution Efficiency of Pearanda Water District for the Year 2025
Page 1
306
was
issued
formalize
the
by
Local
Water
establishment
of
Utilities
Pearanda
Administration
Water
District.
to
The
operation of the local water district started on September 18,

1995 pursuant to the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 198 as
amended
by
PD
Nos.
768
and
1479,
otherwise
known
as
the
Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973. Its primary objective

is to acquire, install, improve, provide, maintain and operate
the
water
supply
and
distribution
system
for
domestic,
commercial, and industrial consumption of residents within the

boundaries of the District. As of December 31, 2013 the district
is servicing 9 out of 10 barangays with total service connection
of 4,343.
Page 2
Chapter 2
Related Literature
Drinking
water
systems
can
implement
water
efficiency
measures and still deliver an unchanged or improved level of

service to consumers while reducing overhead costs. Improving
water
efficiency
reduces
operating
costs
(e.g.,
pumping
and
treatment) and reduces the need to develop new supplies and

expand our water infrastructure. It also reduces withdrawals from
limited freshwater supplies, leaving more water for future use
and improving the ambient water quality and aquatic habitat. More
and
more
utilities
are
using
water
efficiency
and
consumer
conservation programs to increase the sustainability of their

supplies. Case studies demonstrate substantial opportunities to
improve
efficiency
through
supply-side
practices,
such
as
accurate meter reading and leak detection and repair programs, as

well as through demand-side strategies, such as conservationbased water rates and public education programs.
Water
measures
efficiency
to
recommendations
continues
for
improve
on
making
how
water
public
water
water
water
systems,
efficiency,
systems
efficiency
can
identifies
and
get
improvements
provides
started
also
and
water
efficiency means using improved technologies and practices that
Page 3
deliver equal or better service with less water. For example,

leak detection programs can reduce the amount of water, pressure,
and
energy
required
to
deliver
the
same
amount
of
water
to
consumers' taps. This document is intended for small and medium

sized water systems as well as technical assistance providers and
state programs that support or regulate these systems. Faced with
the tremendous challenges of climate change, population growth,
increasing energy costs, ageing infrastructure, water loss and
regulatory targets, water distribution managers are continually
seeking new ways of delivering water to their customers in an
efficient, effective and affordable way. Innovative solutions are
needed which make best use of available data and resources.
Water efficiency is the long term ethic of saving water
resources
through
the
use
of
watersaving
technologies
and
practices. A related concept is water conservation, which is more

narrowly focused on reducing water loss, waste or use. EPAs
efforts have evolved from emphasizing only water conservation to
the more holistic framework of water efficiency. As the volume of
water lost (or wasted) is reduced, water efficiency improves.
Likewise, as the volume of water needed to satisfy customer
demands is reduced, water efficiency improves. During periods of
drought and extreme summer heat, communities and water systems
are very aware of the need to conserve their water supplies.
Page 4
However, an increasing number of communities and water systems

are
recognizing
the
value
of
improving
water
efficiency
in
addition to using the shortterm tools of conservation and water

use restrictions during periods of emergency. Water that is lost
unnecessarily
or
used
inefficiently
impedes
the
longterm
sustainability of water systems even in parts of the country

without chronic water shortages. Many water systems dealing with
source water scarcity already recognize that their options are
increasingly
limited
and
that
improving
water
efficiency
has
become a necessity.
Water
public
efficiency
water
systems
is
becoming
in
the
increasingly
United
States
important
from
to
resource
management and economic perspective. Increasing water efficiency

can help a water system simultaneously deal with critical issues
such as:
Decreasing availability and quality of source waters,
Increasing costs of treating and providing water,
Aging infrastructure in service beyond its useful life,
Growing demands for an improved level of service placed on the
system by customers,
Page 5
Reducing or delaying the need for expensive capital projects,

and
Important
environmental
sustainability
benefits,
including
reduced energy use and reduced pressure on water resource.
Page 6
Chapter 3
Methodology
Type of Research
The type of research that will be used in this study is
qualitative
research
and
quantitative
research.
Qualitative
researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human

behavior
and
the
reasons
that
govern
such
behavior.
The
discipline investigates the water distribution efficiency through

the next decade. Besides this, the researcher will also examine
the phenomenon through observations in numerical representations
and through statistical analysis. Along with questionnaires that
will
be
given
out
to
respondents
for
the
statistical
representation of the findings in the study, interviews with the

respondents
and
few
experts
in
this
field
will
also
be
conducted.
Sampling Method
The research sampling method that will be used in this study
is random sampling to obtain a more scientific result that could
be
used
to
represent
the
entirety
of
the
population.
From 10 barangays, 4 will be picked through random sampling. The

residence in these four barangays will then be the target sources
Page 7
of respondents of the researcher. The resident will be contacted

to obtain a verbal consent to administer the questionnaire to
mothers at their places. A letter of consent will also be sent to
them along with a sample copy of the questionnaire that will be
used, as well as the protocol of the researcher.
Respondents
The respondents in this research will all be coming from one
single location Pearanda, Nueva Ecija, specifically the randomly
selected
barangays
of
Poblacion
1,
Poblacion
2,
Poblacion
and
Poblacion 4. The researcher chose Pearanda, Nueva Ecija because of

the socio-economic conditions present in the area that is relevant to
the study and also as it fits the time frame and resources of the
researcher. The randomly sampled respondents will be asked by the
researcher for consent and approval to answer the questionnaire until
the desired number of respondents which is 30 is reached.
Questionnaire
The questionnaire requires information about the age and social
status. It also has questions related about how the water distribution
will be efficient for the next decade. Statements that are perceived
to be factors that influence the efficiency of water distribution in
Pearanda, Nueva Ecija.
Page 8
Kahusayan sa Pamamahagi ng Tubig ng Pearanda Water District para sa Taon 2025

Pangalan (Opsyonal): ___________________________________________________________
Edad: ( )20-30 ( )31-40 ( ) 41-60 ( )61-Pataas
Kasarian: ( )Lalake ( )Babae
Panlipunang Katayuan: ( )Mayaman ( )May kaya ( )Mahirap

Panuntunan: Ang mga sumusunod na pahayag ay may nakalapat na pamantayan mula 1 hanggang 5.
Markahan ang bawat pahayag sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng tsek (/) sa kaukulang kolum.
Antas ng tugon
Degree of Response
Rank
Lubos na Sumasang-ayon
Strongly Agree
Sumasang- ayon
Agree
Hindi Gaanong Sumasang-ayon
Fairly Agree
Hindi Sumang-ayon
Disagree
Lubos na di Sumasang-ayon
Strongly Disagree
5
1
1
2
4
5
6
Giving sufficient water supply for a certain cost for the next decade.
(Ang pagbibigay ng sapat na supply ng tubig para sa isang tiyak na halaga
para sa susunod na dekada.)
Drinking water that is sufficiently high in quality.
(Inuming tubig na may sapat na mataas sa kalidad.)
Drinking water standard for supplying water to households, commerce and
industry even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or
used in food preparation.
(Inuming tubig pamantayan para sa pagbibigay ng tubig sa kabahayan ,
commerce at industriya kahit na lamang ito ng napakaliit na bahagdan ay
aktwal na natupok o ginagamit sa paghahanda ng pagkain ).
Using improved technologiesand practices that deliver equal or better service.
(Paggamit ng pinahusay na mga kasanayan sa technologiesand na maghatid
katumbas o mas mahusay na serbisyo .)
Decreasing availability and quality of source waters.
(Pagbaba ng kakayahang magamit at kalidad ng source na tubig.)
Increasing costs of treating and providing water.
(Ang pagtaas ng gastos ng pagpapagamot ng at pagbibigay ng tubig.)
Growing demands for an improved level of service placed on the system by
customers.
(Lumalagong mga pangangailangan para sa isang pinahusay na antas ng
serbisyo na inilagay sa system sa pamamagitan ng mga customer.)
Reducing or delaying the need for expensive capital projects.
(Pagbawas o bimbin ang pangangailangan para sa mamahaling mga
proyektong kapital .)
Page 9
Chapter 4
Interpretation of Data
In
this
research,
survey
questionnaire
was
used
to
determine the impacts of the said problems socially, culturally,

morally, economically and physically.
This
chapter
reveals
the
response
of
the
fifty
(50)
respondents at Pearanda, Nueva Ecija which are randomly selected

to represents its population.
Weighted means are summarizes with regards to the table.
Antas ng tugon
Degree of Response
Rank
Lubos na Sumasang-ayon
Strongly Agree
Sumasang- ayon
Agree
Hindi Gaanong Sumasang-ayon Fairly Agree
Hindi Sumang-ayon
Disagree
Lubos na di Sumasang-ayon
Strongly Disagree
Page 10
Verbal
Weighted
Mean
Descriptio
n
1
2
4
5
6
Giving sufficient water supply for a

certain cost for the next decade.
Drinking water that is sufficiently high
in quality.
Drinking water standard for supplying
water to households, commerce and
industry even though only a very small
proportion is actually consumed or used
in food preparation.
Using improved technologies and practices
that deliver equal or better service.
Decreasing availability and quality of
source waters.
Increasing costs of treating and
providing water.
Growing demands for an improved level of
2.34
Agree
2.48
Agree
2.89
Fairly
Agree
2.15
Agree
4.28
Disagree
2.42
Agree
service placed on the system by
2.39
customers.
Reducing or delaying the need for
expensive capital projects.
3.33
Agree
Fairly
Agree
This table shows that the respondents agreed that the water
districts gives sufficient water supply for a certain cost for
the next decade by having a weighted mean of 2.34; that drinking
water is sufficiently high quality by having a weighted mean of
2.48;
that
using
improved
technologies
and
practices
deliver
equal or better service revealed by a weighted mean of 2.15; that

the water district increase the cost for treating and providing
water by having a weighted mean of 2.42; that the growing demands
Page 11
for
an
improved
level
of
service
placed
on
the
system
by
customers as revealed by a weighted mean of 2.39.

The
respondents
fairly
agreed
that
the
drinking
water
standard for supplying water to households, commerce and industry

even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or
used in food preparation by having a weighted mean of 2.89; and
that the reducing or delaying the need for expensive capital
projects by having a weighted mean of 3.33.
But
some
respondents
disagreed
that
the
water
district
decreases the availability and quality of source water by having

a weighted mean of 4.28.
Page 12
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
Summary
Based
actual
from
giving
the
of
survey
field
conducted
questionnaire,
by
the
the
researchers
summary
of
and
their
assessments with regards to the water distribution efficiency of

Pearanda
Water
described
an
District
agreed
has
verbal
weighted
mean
of
interpretation
that
the
2.47
that
Pearanda
Water District provides efficient water distribution for the year

2025.
Conclusion
After conducting of survey questionnaire, the researchers
concluded that the water distribution of Pearanda Water District
is still efficient for the year 2025. Based from the table shown
on the previous chapter, the respondents agreed as revealed by a
2.47 weighted mean which means that the people of Pearanda,
Nueva Ecija still satisfied with the service provided by the
Pearanda Water District. It also showed that there is sufficient
water supply for a certain cost in high quality for the next
decade. Increasing the costs of treating and providing water
Page 13
using improved technologies and practices that deliver equal or

better service.
Recommendations
As the next Civil Engineers, we suggest to continue studying
about
water
resources
so
that
we
can
make
or
invent
new
instrument to improve the efficiency of water distribution for

water districts here in our country. Also we suggest that regular
maintenance for the operation of the water district is a must so
they can provide high quality waters for the households. More
importantly,
it
is
recommended
that
people
protect
our
environment so the source of water cannot be contaminated by

harmful chemicals.
Page 14
Images of Pearanda Water District
Water Tower of Pearanda Water District
Page 15
Old
of
Water District
Office
Pearanda
Page 16
The New Office of Pearanda Water District
Curriculum Vitae
Page 17
Arjay Lansangan Kuizon

Birthday: July 31, 1994
Age: 20
Birthplace: San Luis, Dikapinisan, Aurora
Sex: Male
Civil Status: Single
Address: Paltic, Dingalan, Aurora
Nationality: Filipino
Fathers Name: Armani Lumasac Kuizon
Occupation: Taxi driver
Mothers Name: Zenaida Lansangan Kuizon
Occupation: Housewife
Educational Background
Elementary: Paltic Elementary School
Secondary: Saint Patricks Academy
College: Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
Marco Ramos Jacob

Page 18
Birthday: June 7, 1994

Age: 20
Birthplace: Pearanda, Nueva Ecija
Sex: Male
Address: #81 Padilla St. Poblacion 3, Pearanda, Nueva Ecija
Fathers Name: Alex B. Jacob
Occupation: Carpenter
Mothers Name: Teodora R. Jacob
Elementary: Pearanda Central School
Secondary: Pearanda National High School
Delfin Cunanan Eugenio

Jr.
Page 19
Birthday: February 4, 1994

Age: 21
Birthplace: Isabela
Sex: Male
Address: Bacnor West, Burgos, Isabela
Fathers Name: Delfin R. Eugenio Sr.
Occupation: Farmer
Mothers Name: Divina C. Eugenio
Occupation: Teacher
Elementary: Bacnor Elememtary School
Secondary: La Salette of Aurora
Cris Dominic Quilantang.

Dela Paz
Page 20
Birthday: March 24, 1995

Age: 19
Birthplace: Bacolod City
Sex: Male
Address: Caalibangbangan, Cabanatuan City
Fathers Name: Crisostomo C. Dela Paz
Occupation: Civil Engineer
Mothers Name: Liberty Q. Dela Paz
Elementary: Jesus Mighty Faith Academy
Secondary: Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
Robenir
Mahipus
Geronimo
Page 21
Birthday: October 24, 1994

Age: 20
Birthplace: Pearanda, Nueva Ecija
Sex: Male
Address: #56 Rizal St., Sto. Tomas, Pearanda, Nueva Ecija
Fathers Name: Robert D. Mahipus
Occupation: Driver
Mothers Name: Cristina G. Mahipus
Occupation: Dressmaker
Elementary: Sto. Tomas Elementary School
Secondary: Pearanda National High School
Page 22

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Chapter 1

requirements have been estimated by Peter Gleick at around 50

developed countries, the water supplied to households, commerce

operation of the local water district started on September 18,

Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973. Its primary objective

commercial, and industrial consumption of residents within the

measures and still deliver an unchanged or improved level of

treatment) and reduces the need to develop new supplies and

conservation programs to increase the sustainability of their

accurate meter reading and leak detection and repair programs, as

efficiency means using improved technologies and practices that

deliver equal or better service with less water. For example,

consumers' taps. This document is intended for small and medium

practices. A related concept is water conservation, which is more

However, an increasing number of communities and water systems

addition to using the shortterm tools of conservation and water

sustainability of water systems even in parts of the country

management and economic perspective. Increasing water efficiency

Reducing or delaying the need for expensive capital projects,

reduced energy use and reduced pressure on water resource.

researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human

discipline investigates the water distribution efficiency through

representation of the findings in the study, interviews with the

From 10 barangays, 4 will be picked through random sampling. The

of respondents of the researcher. The resident will be contacted

Poblacion 4. The researcher chose Pearanda, Nueva Ecija because of

Kahusayan sa Pamamahagi ng Tubig ng Pearanda Water District para sa Taon 2025

Kasarian: ( )Lalake ( )Babae

Panlipunang Katayuan: ( )Mayaman ( )May kaya ( )Mahirap

Hindi Gaanong Sumasang-ayon

determine the impacts of the said problems socially, culturally,

respondents at Pearanda, Nueva Ecija which are randomly selected

Hindi Gaanong Sumasang-ayon Fairly Agree

Giving sufficient water supply for a

service placed on the system by

equal or better service revealed by a weighted mean of 2.15; that

customers as revealed by a weighted mean of 2.39.

standard for supplying water to households, commerce and industry

decreases the availability and quality of source water by having

assessments with regards to the water distribution efficiency of

Water District provides efficient water distribution for the year

using improved technologies and practices that deliver equal or

instrument to improve the efficiency of water distribution for

environment so the source of water cannot be contaminated by

Images of Pearanda Water District

Water Tower of Pearanda Water District

The New Office of Pearanda Water District

Arjay Lansangan Kuizon

Marco Ramos Jacob

Birthday: June 7, 1994

Delfin Cunanan Eugenio

Birthday: February 4, 1994

Cris Dominic Quilantang.

Birthday: March 24, 1995

Birthday: October 24, 1994

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