Analysis Techniques with SAS

/2012
Jaydeep Modi
1011113018

Multivariate Technique
Multivariate Techniques are forms of statistical analysis that are used where there are
two or more dependent variables to be analyzed simultaneously. These techniques are any
statistical procedures that simultaneously analyze several measurements (variables). They
encompass a range of analysis techniques which can examine quantitative data in more depth
than can usually be obtained from a basic cross-analysis of the data.

Some Analysis techniques in SAS.

Univeriate
Regression
Anova
Correlation
Neural network
Forecasting
Cluster
Factor analysis

Univariate Analysis:Univariate analysis is the simplest form of statistical analysis . Univariate

analysis explores each variable in a data set, separately. It looks at the range of values, as well as
the central tendency of the values. It describes the pattern of response to the variable. It
describes each variable on its own.
Univariate analysis commonly involves reporting measures of central tendency.
This involves describing the way in which quantitative data tend to cluster around some value.
In the univariate analysis, the measure of central tendency is an average of a set of
measurements, the word average being variously construed as mean, median, mode or other
measure of location, depending on the context.
We can do the univariate analysis in the SAS Programming and the SAS code is
under below:PROC UNIVARIATE <options>
The proc univariate statement is required to invoke the univariate procedure. You
can use the proc univariate statement by itself to request a variety of statistics for summarizing
the data distribution of each analysis variable.
Example:-

Result:-

Regression Analysis:Regression analysis is a statistical technique for estimating the relationships

among variables. It includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables,
when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more
independent variables.

Regression analysis is widely used for prediction and forecasting. Regression

analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the
dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships.
There are two basic regression models which are under below:o Linear Regression
o Non-Linear Regression

o Linear Regression: Linear regression is an approach to modeling the relationship

between a scalar dependent variable y and one or more
explanatory variables denoted X.
o Non-Linear Regression: Nonlinear regression is a form of regression analysis in which
observational data are modeled by a function which is a nonlinear
combination of the model parameters and depends on one or more
independent variables.

We can do the Regression analysis in the SAS Programming and the SAS code is
under below:PROC REG <options>
The proc reg statement is required. If you want to fit a model to the data, you
must also use a model statement. If you want to use only the proc reg options, you do not need a
model statement, but you must use a var statement.

Example:-

Result:-

ANOVA:-

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models, and their

associated procedures, in which the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned
into components attributable to different sources of variation.
ANOVAs are useful in comparing two, three, or more means. The calculations of
ANOVA can be characterized as computing a number of means and variances, dividing two
variances and comparing the ratio to a handbook value to determine statistical significance.
Calculating a treatment effect is then trivial, "the effect of any treatment is estimated by
taking the difference between the mean of the observations which receive the treatment and
the general mean.
We can do the ANOVA in the SAS Programming and the SAS code is under
below:PROC ANOVA <options>;

Example:-

Result:-

Correlation:-

Correlation is a measure of relationship between two mathematical variables or

measured data values. A correlation is a single number that describes the degree of
relationship between two variables.
We can do the Correlation in the SAS Programming and the SAS code is under
below:PROC CORR <options>;

BY variables;
FREQ variable;
ID variables;
PARTIAL variables;
VAR variables;
WEIGHT variable;
WITH variables;
The BY statement specifies groups in which separate correlation analyses
are performed.

The FREQ statement specifies the variable that represents the frequency
of occurrence for other values in the observation.

The ID statement specifies one or more additional tip variables to identify

observations in scatter plots and scatter plot matrices.

The PARTIAL statement identifies controlling variables to compute

Pearson, Spearman, or Kendall partial-correlation coefficients.

The VAR statement lists the numeric variables to be analyzed and their
order in the correlation matrix. If you omit the VAR statement, all
numeric variables not listed in other statements are used.

The WEIGHT statement identifies the variable whose values weight each
observation to compute Pearson product-moment correlation.

The WITH statement lists the numeric variables with which correlations
are to be computed.

The PROC CORR statement is the only required statement for the CORR
procedure. The rest of this section provides detailed syntax information for each of these

statements, beginning with the PROC CORR statement. The remaining statements are presented
in alphabetical order.

Example:-

Result:-

Forecasting:Forecasting is the process of making statements about events whose actual

outcomes (typically) have not yet been observed. The terms "forecast" and "forecasting"
are sometimes reserved for estimates of values at certain specific future times.
The Time Series Forecasting System is a point-and-click system that provides
automatic model fitting and forecasting as well as interactive model development. The
system provides a completely automatic forecasting model selection feature that selects the
best-fitting model for each time series

Cluster Analysis:Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of assigning a set of objects into groups
so that the objects in the same cluster are more similar to each other than to those in other
clusters.
The purpose of cluster analysis is to place objects into groups, or clusters,
suggested by the data, not defined a priori, such that objects in a given cluster tend to be similar
to each other in some sense, and objects in different clusters tend to be dissimilar. You can also
use cluster analysis to summarize data rather than to find "natural" or "real" clusters; this use of
clustering is sometimes called dissection.
We can do the Correlation in the SAS Programming and the SAS code is under
below:PROC CLUSTER <options>;
VAR var1 var2 var3 ... var n;

Example:-

Result:-

Factor Analysis:Factor analysis is a statistical method used to describe variability among

observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved
variables called factors.
We can do the univariate analysis in the SAS Programming and the SAS code is
under below:PROC FACTOR <options>;

Example:-

Result:-

Reference

 www.google.com
Support.sas.com
A book named data analysis using Excel.