6.1.

21
(a)

Show that e ln z always equals z

(b)

Show that ln e z does not always equal z.

6.2.3
Show that the real part u(x,y) and the imaginary part v(x,y) of an analytic function w(z)
each satisfy Laplaces equation. Also show that u(x,y) and v(x,y) cannot have either a
local maximum or a minimum in the interior of any region in which w(z) is analytic.

(They can have saddle points).

6.2.7
The function f (z ) = u(x , y ) + iv(x , y ) is analytic. Show that f * (z * ) is also analytic.

6.2.10
Two-dimensional irrotational fluid flow is conveniently described by a complex potential
G
G
G
f (z ) = u(x , y ) + iv(x , y ) . The fluid velocity V is given by V = u . If f (z ) is analytic,
df
(a) Show that
= vx  ivy
dz
G G
(b) Show that V = 0 (no sources or sinks)
G G
(c) Show that V = 0 (irrotational, non-turbulent flow).
[We call the real part u(x , y ) the velocity potential, and the imaginary part v(x , y )
the stream function.]

6.3.3
Verify that

(1,1)

(0,0)

z *dz

depends on the path by evaluating the integral for the two paths in,

<

(1,1)

x
[Recall that f (z ) = z * is not an analytic function of z and that Cauchys integral theorem
therefore does not apply.]

6.4.1
Show that
2Qi, n = 1,
n


=
(
z
z
)
dz

0
vC
0
n v 1.

where the contour C includes the point z = z 0 in a positive (counterclockwise) sense.

The exponent n is an integer but the curve C is not necessarily a circle.

Hint: In Arfkens book, see equation (6.27a).
[Note: The calculus of residues (Chapter 7) is based on this result.]

6.4.4
dz
where C a is the circle z = 2 . Why cant we use
Ca z 1
Cauchys integral formula directly? Find another way to use Cauchys integral formula

We want to evaluate

by splitting the region inside the curve C a . (Dont use any residue integration for this
question.)

6.5.9
Prove that the Laurent expansion of a given function about a given point is unique; that
is, if
f (z ) =

an (z  z 0 )n =

n =N

b (z  z )

n =N

show that an = bn for all n.

Hint. Use Cauchys integral formula.

6.6.5
1

We want to consider lim e z .

z o0

Show that even if the complex number c is arbitrarily large that e

for which z is arbitrarily small. What does this tell us about lim e z ?
z o0

7.1.7
2Q

Show that

2Q

dR
dR
2Q
=
=
2
2
a + b cos R
a + b sin R
a b
0

Hint: look at example 7.1.2.

where 0 < b < a .

c has solutions z

7.1.17
d

Evaluate

(ln x )
dx .
1 + x2

7.1.19
d

Show that
0

x a
Q
where 0 < a < 1 .
dx =
1+x
sin a Q

7.1.MacAlevey#2
d

Evaluate

xb
dx .
1 + xc

0<

b +1
<1
c

Hint: Can you use the result of problem 7.1.19?

8.1.1
Derive the recurrence relations
((z + 1) = z ((z )
from the Euler integral (Eq. (10.5))

((z ) =

e tt z 1dt .

8.1.17
(a)

(b)

Show that
1
1

(  n ( + n = (1)n Q , 1
2
2

where n is an integer.
1
1
Express *  n and *  n separately in terms of S 1/ 2 and a double2

factorial function.
1
ANS. *  n
2

(2n  1)!! 1/ 2
S .
2n

8.2.14
The total energy radiated by a blackbody is given by
8Qk 4T 4
u=
c 3h 3

x3
dx .
ex  1

Show that the integral in this expression is equal to 3! [ (4) .

[ (4) = Q 4 / 90 = 1.0823 ! The final result is the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

8.2.16
8.4.2
Verify the following beta function identities:
a) B(a, b) B(a  1, b)  B(a, b  1) ,
b) B(a, b)
c) B(a, b)

a b
B(a, b  1) ,
b
b 1
B(a  1, b  1) ,
a

d) B(a,b)B(a  b, c) B(b, c)B(a,b  c)

8.5.2
Show that
d m a
a)
[x H(a, x )] = (1)m x a m H(a + m, x ) ,
m
dx
dm x
((a )
H(a  m, x )
b)
[e H(a, x )] = e x
m
dx
((a  m )
d

Hint: use the series H(a, x ) = x a (1)n

n =0

xn
or equivalently
n !(a + n )

H(a, x )
x
= (1)n
. Try to induce this one!
a
x
n !(a + n )
n =0

11.1.6
To help remove the generating function from the realm of magic, show that it can be
2n
derived from the recurrence relation, J n 1(x ) + J n +1(x ) =
J n (x ) .
x
as follows;
(a) Assume a generating function of the form,
g(x , t )

(x )t m .

m f

(b) Multiply the recurrence relation by t n and sum over n .

(c) Rewrite the preceding result as
t  1 g(x , t ) 2t wg(x , t ) .

wt
t
x

(d) Integrate and adjust the constant of integration (a function of x ) so that the
coefficient of t 0 is J 0(x ) as given by eqn. (11.5) of Arfken & Weber.

11.1.15
A particle (mass m ) is contained in a right circular cylinder of radius R and height H .
The particle is described by a wavefunction satisfying the Schrodinger wave equation
=2 2

Z(S, K, z ) = E Z(S, K, z ) and the condition that the wavefunction go to zero over
2m
the surface of the right circular cylinder. Find the lowest (zero point) permitted energy.
2
2
2
2
z 2
pq + n Q , E min = = 2.405 + Q ,
R
H
H
2m R

is the zero of J p , and the index p is fixed by the azimuthal dependence.

ANS. E =

where z pq

=2
2m

11.2.6
(a) A function is expanded on a basis of Bessel functions where the numbers BOm are
defined by J O (BOm ) = 0 . The function is;
d
S

f (S) = cOmJ O BOm , 0 b S b a, O > 1 .

a
m =1
Show that the coefficients are given by,
a
2
S

c Om = 2
f (S)J O BOm Sd S .
2

a [J O +1(BOm )] 0
a
(b) A function is expanded on a basis of Bessel functions where the numbers COm are
defined by

f (U )

d
S

= 0 . The function is;

J O COm
dS
a S =a

dQ

m 1

U
J EQ m ,
a

m Q

0 d U d a, Q ! 1 . Show that,

2
S
S
a 2
O 2

J O (COn ) and use this to show that

=

1
J
C
J
C
S
d
S
E

nm
O On a O Om a
2
COn
0

the coefficients dOm are given by,

a
2
S

d Om =
f (S)J O COm Sd S

a
O
2
a 2 1  2 [J O (COm )]

COm

11.3.5
Verify the Wronskian formulas

(a) J O (x )J O +1(x ) + J O (x )J O 1(x ) =

(b) J O (x )N Oa (x )  J Oa (x )N O (x ) =

2 sin OQ
,
Qx

2
.
Qx

11.4.6
From,
d

2
H (x ) =
e ix cosh sds
iQ s=0
(1)
0

show that
d

2
(a) J 0 (x ) = sin(x cosh s )ds .
Q s =0
d

(b) J 0 (x ) =

2
sin(xt )
dt

Q t =1 t 2  1

11.5.6
Q O +1
i [J O (ix ) + iN O (ix )] is given by
2
Q I O (x )  I O (x )
K O (x ) =
2
sin OQ
and from this show that
Verify that K O (x ) w

K O (x ) = K O (x ) .

11.7.5
n

1 d
Use induction to prove that, jn (x ) = (1)n x n
x dx

sin x

where n p 0 .
x

11.7.13
The Fresnel integrals occurring in diffraction theory are given by

y(t ) =
x (t ) =

0
t

cos(v 2 )dv
sin(v 2 )dv .

Show that these integrals may be expanded in series of spherical Bessel functions.
d
1 s
x (s ) = j1(u )u 1/ 2du = s 1/ 2 j2n (s )
2 0
n =0
d
1 s
y(s ) = j 0 (u )u 1/ 2du = s 1/ 2 j2n +1(s ) .
2 0
n =0
Hint: To establish the equality of the integral and the sum, you may wish to work with
their derivatives. The analogs of recurrence relations (11.12) and (11.14) are helpful.

2.1.2
In the spherical polar coordinate system q1

T , q 3 M . The transformation

r, q2

equations corresponding to Eq. (2.1) are

x = r sin R cos K, y = r sin R sin K,

z = r cos R

a) Calculate the spherical polar coordinate scale factors: hr , hT , and hM .

b) Show that the coordinate system is orthogonal. Check your calculated scale
factors using the relation dsi = hidq i so that ds1

dr , ds2

rdT , ds3

r sin T dM .

2.2.1
The expressions on the right-hand-side are familiar for dot and cross products in 3-D,
right-handed Cartesian coordinates;
G G
A B = A1B1 + A2B2 + A3B3
e1
G G
A B = A1

e2

e3

A2

A3 .

B1 B2 B3
Show that these expressions also occur for all 3-D, right-handed, orthogonal curvilinear
coordinate systems. (Note that ej w qj .)

2.4.3
Three independent unit vectors in circular cylindrical coordinates are;
sin K + y
cos K and the Cartesian z . Show that,
cos K + y
sin K K = x
S = x
sS
sK
= K and
= S
sK
sK

2.4.8
G
S cos K +y
S sin K +zz .
The position vector is r = x
G
G
The velocity and acceleration vectors are v = vS S + vGG + vz z and a = aS S + aGG + az z
in cylindrical polar coordinates. Show that the circular cylindrical (coordinate/physical)
components of the velocity and acceleration are,
vS = S , vK = SK ,

vz = z

and
  , az = z
aS = S  SK 2 , aK = SK + 2SK

where U

dU

d 2U

, and so on.
dt
dt 2
= S cos K  K sin K and y
= S sin K + K cos K
Hint: Recall that x
, 
p

2.4.14
A transverse electromagnetic wave in a coaxial waveguide has an electric field
G
G
E (S, K)e i (kz Xt ) and a magnetic (induction) field B(S, K)e i (kz Xt ) .
G
a) If these electric and magnetic fields satisfy the wave equation, then E (S, K) and
G
B(S, K) must be solutions of the (vector) Laplaces equation:
G
G
G
a
2E (S, K) = 0 = 2B(S, K) . If so, show that E (S, K) = S E 0 and
S
G
a
B(S, K) = K B0 .
S
E
X

b) Verify that Maxwells equations are satisfied if 0 = c . We always have c =

B0
k

2.5.10
G
G
The velocity and acceleration vectors are v = vr r + vR R + vGG and a = ar r + aR R + aGG .

The position vector in spherical coordinates is,

G
r sin R cos K + y
r sin R sin K + zr cos R . Use this to show that the
r=x
(coordinate/physical) components of the velocity and acceleration in spherical
components are,
vr = r ,
v = r R ,
R

vK = r sin RK ,

a = r  r R2  r sin2 RK 2 ,
r

aR = r R + 2rR  r sin R cos RK 2 ,

,
aK = r sin RK + 2r sin RK + 2r cos RRK
where the dot in r means time derivative, r

dr / dt etc. (Note: This dot notation was

originated by Newton.)
[Hint: Recall that x = r sin R cos K + R cos R cos K  K sin K and
y = rsin R sin K + R cos R sin K + K cos K .]

MacAlevey: Kronecker Delta

Show that the Kronecker delta is a mixed 2nd rank tensor.

2.7.1
If T"i is a (Cartesian) tensor of rank n, show that

sT"i
is a tensor of rank n + 1 .
sx j

Hint: Compare the relation between Cartesian coordinates (rigid rotations) with the
relations between the coordinates when one of the systems is not Cartesian.
[Note: Unfortunately, the derivatives of non-Cartesian tensors are not usually tensors.
(The exception being that the derivative of a zero rank tensor is always a covariant
vector.)]

2.8.2
Suppose that A i js are the components of a third rank mixed tensor and that B ips are
components of a third rank covariant tensor. In all coordinate systems there is an object

K ij such that K ij A j ps = B ips . Show that K ij is a second order covariant tensor.

2.9.5

G G
G
Verify that the components of C = A B are cp = pqraqbr . Use this notation to show
G G G
that A< A B = 0 .

1.5.13

G G G
G
Use index notation to show that for three-vectors, A, B, C and D
G G
G G G G
G G
G G G G
(A B) (C D) = B A<C D  A B<C D .

(It is possible to get the answer above directly. However, if your index notation shows
G G
G G G G
G G G G
G G
that (A B) (C D) = (A<B D)C  (A<B C)D then you can use known three-vector
relations to put the right-hand-side into the form given above.)