v'-''

'fl4il!!-.-

GIAO DUC VA OAO TAO

HOI TOAI\ HOC VIET NAM

U$J}J 3JUtr

*.*

Es*ggq
s*-"-".-_&dg&q

A,

;,..

'.

,, i

Ut l/il D0 l[A

"":

'!t;ilri ':.liii

,.i

;i

[r?-$

.GAp. bdng
giay ldn lugt

nilp gAp. (cac

n6t ch6m tr6n h)nh 1) tao thirnh 10 tam gi6c d6u vd
t6 3 mAu.
Ban- hAy lAm m6t bdng giAy c6 cac

Mqt phAi

theo cdc doan

thdng BC, DE
FA (h)nh 2) rOi

ddn hai

tam

Mdt trdi

gidc kh6ng c5
miu vdo nhau

dd duo. c
gidc

luc
ddu
ABCDEF' c5

AB

mdt phdi toan

mdu do,

mit trii

Hinh 2

cdn

todn

mdu xanh (hinh 3 : cdc didm cirng chLt

gAn trirng nhau, cdc n6t drit chi duong
khuat). Ddy ciic dinh B, D, F xu6ng dudi
vAo phia trong (m0i t6n d hinh a) dd
ch0ng gAn trUng nhau, rdi tit dinh O mo

ffi3:rtl3;

Hinh

AB
Hinh 3

Hinh 4

;ft"TBJ:i"Y"r3i,:i'i#

nsoai, ta rai duoc ruc gidc deu nhLrns c6 1 mdt da ddi

bidu
di6n
tro Ao thuAt Luc giac ddi mau.
tay,
ban
c6
thd
mau. Luy6n nhanh
MAu hlnh nayc6t6n lir H6cxaphl6xag0n (hexaflexagon) xu6t phdttutiilng Hylap: hexld sdu,
ftexld gap, tirdu6i gon chida gidc. Trd choi niry do mQt nghiOn ct?u sinh todn nguoi Anh ld Actho
X. St6un, hqc tai trudng Dqi hoc M! Princiton, tim ra ndm 1939, sau d6 lQp H6i Phl|xagOn dd
nghiOn cfu cdch ddi mau c0a cdc hinh pht?c tap hon.

DANH CHO BAN DQC

1) Ldm mQt bing gi6y c6 cdc nOp g5p tao thAnh 19 tam gi6c dbu vd t6 sdu miru (ki hiQu mau
1,.2,g,4, 5,6) nhrhinh5. GAp bdng gi6y nirytheo n6p g?p ki6u xodn 5c sao cho.mit phAi dOu
nim phia ngoai dd dugc bdng 2l6p nhuhinh 1, sau d6 gAp thanh hinh lr,rc gi6c d6u nhu hinh 2
sao cho mOt mit toAn miu sO Z, cbn mdt kia toAn miu s6 3.

2) Ban hdy ldm

Ao

thuQt bi6n ddi lUc giric

vira ldm od xuAt nien

mQt mat todn mAu

s6t ztoinmdu s6qz
mau s6 5? mau s6 oz
H5y chi ra cdch bi6n
Hinh 5
odi nnutno.
Ndm phAn thudng dAnh cho cdc bqn bi6n ddi duoc nhibu mAu nh5t.

PHI

PHI

(Xetn tidp trang

l3)

Fmmsp
#f,affu

fum* wary F*s#?

Ndrn

fs"d

effiaffrss msp# H*rvffr

Tdng biAn

fip

r.rc6

o4r

fip

rf

ffi

H0t ddng bian @p :

ToAN,

ttoAttc cHUNG, ttcO o4r

Trl, r-E rHAc BAo,

ruouvEru HUY

DoAN,

NGUYEN VIET HAI, DINH

Oann cho Trung hoc co sti

For Lower Secondary

Schools

Hb

COng

Dang.- Giei to6n

c6ch nhin dai

HOANG CNUruA

NcuvEN cAttH

cuc

bri hinh hoc du6i

s6

cric bii tofn - English through Math

ffi fidng Anh qua ViAt
Trung
Problems

- Ng6

ffi f ni tuydn sinh viro Dai hqrc - University Entrance Ex:rms

Dod.n Tam Hite - Db thi tuydn sinh m6n To6n vho
DH XAy dung vi DH LuAt He N6i 2000
Gitii thiQu vd todn hoc cao cflp - Introduction to

euANG uAo, rucuvEru

xuAt't HUY, PHAN HUY

Hd Huy Khod.i - B&y

ruAt, vU rHANH xutEr, uE

HAr ru0t, r.rcuvEru vAll

Nhin ra thd gitii - Around the World

Db thi Olympic to6n cria Ddi Loan

Higher Mathematics

MAu, uoAttc t-E MINH,

NcuyEru ruAc tvrttH, tRAn
vAtt NHUNG, ttcuyEtt

odr'rc uuruc THANG,

v0 DUdNG THUY,
rnAru THANH TBAI,
r-E eA xHAttH rniruH,
vrEr

rBUNG

vtEr

Thqrc hiQn :

v0

rrnlt

rx0v

vU aruu rsu

trl

di6n

ki niy - Problems in this Issue

TLl279, ..., T101279, LL,L2{279
DO ra

Giei bei ki trui'c - Solutions to Previous Problems

Giii c6c bii cria sd ZIS

HAt

Thw ki, Tda soan :

:'I
LE THONG NHAT

tor{n cria thi6n ni6n ki

Di6n tlin d4y hgc toiin - Math Teaching lrorum

NguyZn Huy Doan - Yb UO sdch gi5o khoa To6n
THPT chinh li hop nhAt

Trudng Ban biin tQp :

rucuYEru

bii

Ban dr2c tim tbi - Reader's Contributions

Pham Hbng Qud.n - Vii u6c luong trong

oAruc puAr, PHAN THANH

euANG, ra u6ruc ouANG,

ruc6

37

TRONG SO NAY

rucuvEru cArun roAru

Phd tdng biAn

th*

so *rs {s-za*fi}
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Trinh bdy :
NGUYEN TH! OANH

Dqi di.en yhia Nam :

TRAN CHI HIEU

23t Nguy6n Vdn C*,

TP H6 Chf MiNh
DT : 08.8323044

n5m hoc moi b6n ng6i truong moi cirathby trb

Lam Son, Thanh Hoa
chuy6n
THPT
truUng
miu * Luc gia 06i m:u
hoc
mu6n
:
Toiin
Bia 2

Bia 1; Nibm vui

Bia 3 : Giai tri to6n hoc - Math Recreation

Bia 4: Toin tu6i tho - nguUi ban moi

)r\

GIAI TOAN CIIC TRI HINH l.lOC

.Ddnh dna

DU{II CACH NH|I\ oAI

c&E

nd cONc DcrNG

TRUNG HOC GO SO
SANC t4o cic bh.i todn

li

(GV tradng THPT chuyAn BinhThu|n)

vigc ltrm cdn rhidt

cria ngudi hOc to6n. Qua btri vidt ntry, xin dugc
trao ddi vO vli bli todn cgc tri hinh hgc duoc
nhin tri bii toin cgc tri dai sd.
Tru6'c rlt1, x&vtri vi dg sau :

Bii

todn 1. Cho hinh vuOng ABCD c4rlh a.

didm di dQng trOn c4nh AB. Dlmg c6tc
hinh vuOng c6 cAnh MA, MB vd bOn trong
ABCD. Xic dinh vi tri cria M dd diQn rich phin
cdn lpi S cira hinh vu6ng ABCD le lon nhdt.

lI

Ini gifii. Di,t MA=x,

MB--yv1ix,y)0

x*y = a. Ggi
,tl vL 52 lin lugt ld
diQn tich hinh vuOng
cA;nhMA viMB thi

vI

52

- y2.D6

A rM

trdn (O, R). M

lI

didm di dQng trOn dudng kinh AB. X6c dinh vi

tri ctn M dd tdng diQn tich c6c hinh trdn c6
dudng kllhMAvlMB 1I nh6 nhdt.

Ldi girti. D{t MA=?-r,

MB = Zy vu x+y 2 0 th6a

diQn

Ldi gi6i c6c bii to6n trOn ddu ddn ddn viQc
xt gil, tri nh6 nhdt crla bidu thrlc dpng *+yz
hopc.r'+y'.... trong d6 x+y ld hing sd. Nhu vfly
viQc gi6i cdc bdi to6n cgc tri hinh hoc c6 thd
chuydn vd gif,i bii todn cr"rc tri dai sd.
Ta xdt btri to6n cUc tri dpi sd tdng qu6t hcrn.

Bii todn d4i sd XAt n sd khAng dm x1, x2,

..., xnthda mdn : x1 + x2 + ... * xn= a vhi a ld

*r+*r+...+P,

Ini gini. a) Ap dung bdt ding

Bunhiacffpxki ta c6

n(4+ 4.+ ...*

a2 < n(Py+ $* ...* t)'

tich hinh trdn c6 dudng

ktfilMAvdMB. Dd thdy
S = .S, + S" nh6 nhdt e
P = n* + iyz = n(xz + y2) ntr6

4l

*1+ x,j+

...

(l)

4>:
"n

Ddu df,ng thric xf,y ra khi I x1= x2= ...= xn

Vfly GTNN

cfia P ra

d r.fri xl = x)= ... =

n

Y ='"n
n

b) DAt tfxi=ti > 0 vdi

xi=*vb,fi=1.fi.
Ap dung bdt

thric

(x1+x2+...+xn)2 <

hic d6 M ltr trung didm AB.

ll

d6 M trung vot tdm O.

b)Q=*?+4+...+f,

gi6 tri nh6 nhdt (GTNN) cria

+ S2 Uing,2,
{,
^S1

.!1 vtr ^i2 ldn lugt

,,llf.c

a) P =

y\

x*! = R (khong ddi). Goi

nRz

ra GTNN cria S bing

Tim gid tri nhd nhdt crta cdc bidu thtic :

thdy S 16n nhdt <+

S, + 52 nh6 nhdt <+ P = xz + yz nh6 nhdt. Tt
bdt ding th'uc 2(* +
> (x+y)z = a2 suy ra

Bii to6n 2. Cho dulng

tuorrg trJ nhu trOn suy

sd duong cho traOc.

th6a man

Sr = *2

SO.

i = 1,2,

...,

n tfi

dhng thric BunhiacOpxki

tac6:
nhdt.

Lfp lufln

$t4,+ b8* ...+ UPn)2

< (Pr + ?z+ ... + h$f + 4+ ... + fi) lnav
(Pr* Pr+ ...+ 4)2 3 o(4,+ fr+ ...t 4) Q)

]\r (1), (2) ta c6 a(fi + fr+

^n'

... +

rriNc n NH

f; >4

QUA CAC nA I TOAN

o 4+4+... + 4.#

Ddu ding thrlc xtry ra khi (1) vl (2) ctng xtry

ra ddu ding thric, khi d6 i x1= x2= . ..= xn.

Vfly GTNN cira

Qrufixn x!= xz-- ... = xn

a
n

Bii

to6n 3. Cho dudng trbn tam O. G6c

ZxMy - u kh6ng ddi (90o < o(, < 1800) quay
quanh di,m M cd dinh trOn dudng trdn. Gqi 1
le hinh chidu vu6ng g6c cria M ln d0y cung
ndi 2 giao dim cria Mx, My voi dudng trOn.
HXy x6c dinh vi tri g6c xMy sao cho gi6 tri
IA3 + IB3la nhd nhdt.
Ini gini. Gi6 str Mx vh, My cdt dudng trbn
ldn luqt 6 A vb B. Yt ZAMB = u khOng ddi
nOn dQ dei A-B bing hing sd a, fi) d6 IA+IB= a.
Ap dung kdt qu6 btri to6n dai sd thi gi6 trf
'

r.,

IA3 + IB3 le nh6 nhdt khi dO dei IA = rB

-I

Bii

to6n 5. Chia dudng kinh AB cria dudmg

trOn (O, .R) cho trtrd,c ldn luqt thtrnh n doVn x1,
x2, ..., xn chi chung nhau didm diu mrit sao
cho x1+x2 + ... + xn= AB. Tim gi6 tri nh6 nhdt

lI

vfi c\c

cpnh 11, x2, ...;.r,? sao cho tdng x1 * x2+ ... +

x, = a duong khOng ddi. Tim gi6 tri nh6 nhdt
cfia tdng thd tich cria chring.

Bii

of the polygon. Thus, these angles are

equal.

Therefore, ANbisects angle MAP and we get

xa
yc

it

From this
follows that

ab bc
xyB

of

intersection of AC

todn 4. Chia do4n thing AB cho trudc

b1i cilc didm chia theo thri'tU A = My M2, ... ,
Mn+1= B. Goi 51, 52, ..., ,Stx le diQn tich cria r
hinh vuOng c6 cdc cpnh ldn luqt ltr M1M2,
M2M3, ..., Mr\n+r. Tim gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cria
tdngS=51 *Sr+...+Sr.

todn 6. Xet n hinh lflp phucrng

Solution. Lel AMN and APN be two adjacent

triangles, having sides of the lengthes a, b, c, x, y, as
marked in the figure. Now, the vertices of a regular
polygon lie on a circle, and in this circumcircle the
angles MAN and NAP are subtended by equal sides

Now, denote by

Bii

Bii

Problem. Lel ABC... Ebe a regular polygon of unit

side 1 . Considerthe triangles at Athat are determined
by BEand the diagonals at A. Then, for each of these
triangles, the length of one of the sides on BC is equal
to the product of the lengths of the other two sides.

Q the point

lric d6 g6c xMy rhQn MO lL dudng ph0n gi6c.

cria tdng diOn tich n hinh trbn c6 dudng kinh

c6c do4n xy x2, ..., xr.

BAI 56 33

todn 7.X$ n hinh cdu vdi c6c b6n kinh

ty t2t...t rn sao cho tdng /1 * 12+... + fn=k
duong khOng ddi. Tim gi|tn nh6 nhdt cria tdng
c6c diQn tich vl cira tdng c6c thd tich cria chring.
Hi vgng ring gif,i bli to6n bing c6c c6ch
nhin kh6c nhau, c6c ban s0 s6ng t4o'nhidu bli
toen hay hon, hdp din hcrn.

and BE,

By

symmetry we
have IABQ =

IBAQ,

making

AA -- BA. From the above formula we can deduce

ab AB'AQ

xBO

that

=AB=1

So we have in general that x = ab.

Td mdi

regular
polygon
unit

triangle
determine
diagonal
side

adjacent
mark
igure

vertex
circumcircle
angle

subtend
bisect

point ol intersection
symmetry
formula
deduce
in general

= d6u, chinh quy (tinh tir)

= da gi6c
= don vi
= tam gi6c
= xdc dinh

= dudng ctr6o
= cenh, v6
= kA, b6n.c4nh (tinh ttr)
= d6nh dAu
= hinh v6, hinh dang
= dinh
= durdng trdn ngoqi ti6p,

g6c

= truong, chin
= chia d6i
= giao didm
= tinh d6i xfng
= c6ng thtlc

= SUy Io, suy lufn (d6ng

tLl)

= n6i chung, th6ng thtrdng

NGO VBT TRLING

TITI TUYBN SINIT IIION TOAI{

ITH

ilU NAM TOOO

VAO DH XAY DUT{G VA DH I.UAT IIA

cAu I. cho hhm sofl.r)

1.

2. Chrmg minh

=!:W.
2x'/+x-l

nhau:

Tim tflp x6c dinh vtr xdt sg bidn thien cfia/(x)

nl

,2n-12.
\ 12y_1yz+r G+ty+t

1'

CAU I'I.

Giti bdt phrrng trinh

1. A (PTTH chua PB)

ardg(tgx)

>0

B. (THCB) GiAi b$t phuong trinh

llf

r
J-.X

/'-3*+l'u:
2. Giei

ohtpns tdnh
trl-sin2x + !l+sin2x
= 4COS.r.
sin*

-, rI
tll. 1. Thh

i0

cosmx.cosnxdx

J sinrux.sinn xdx = 0.
-lt

-fi

CAU Iv.
1. Cho 4 didm

A, B, C, D. Chimg minh ring

-++
a) l,-s L cb t*ivtr chi khi AC + BD2 = AD2 +
ao;
-) --) -) --+ -+ -+
b)NduAB L CDvd,AD L BC,thiAC L BD.

B. (THCB) Cho l[ng tru ddu ABC.A'B'C', c6

chi6u cao bing ft vtr 2 dudng thtng AB ', BC' vuOng
g6c vdi nhau. Tim thd tich llng t4r d6.

cAU

2.Cho 4 di6mA(0;0;0), B(3;0;0), C(l;2;l),

D(2; -l;2) trong hQ tqa dQ Ddc6c trgc chudn Orye.
Vi6t phuong trinh mlt phtng di qua 3 did,m: C, D
vd ttm m{t ctu nQi tidp hinh ch6p ABCD.
3. A. (PTTH chua PB) Tim tflp hgp c6c didm
M(x,y) trong he tqa dd D0cdc tnrc chudn Oxy, sao
cho kholng c6ch tri M dn didm F(0;4) bing hai
Itn khotrng cichtir M d6n dudng thfrng y = 1. Tap
hqp d6 lI du0ng gi ?

"r+1
1o
-,>

,l

lt
ff

2.T\mcictigm cOn, cli6mudn vI xdt tinh ldi l6m

ctra cld thi"(.r) ;
3. Chtmg minhrIng dno htrmcfp n cira/(x) bing.

(-l\n

ring vdi 2 sd tu nhiOn m, nkh6c

-3dx

t +.f'
tF

HUONG DAN GIAI

Ciu 1. l. Hlm x6c dinh vdi nhrlng.x kh6c -1
jv2 1Crr +
vI 0.5.
;/'(x; = g
f- '(x) =

3.

+x-l)'
5 +l"ll
t4tx, = -3^[,vax2=-7-.
(2x"

vdi n = t

-(x+l'f

c6: (-1)r.1 | (

2(2x-l)2

7x2

\ *(2x-l)/- *)=
(x+1)
l}x + t ?,, -.\

Hdmflx) ddng bi6n trong cic khotng (-.o; -1);

(-11 x1) ; @2; +a) vd nghich bidn trong c6c khotng
(x1; 0,5) ; (0,5; x2) ; dat cuc dai tai x1, crJc tidu
t?i x2.

-l vh r = 0,5 ; ti9m c0n

+ l5xz - 3x + 2)
,, '
,
ngang :y = u,)./ "(r) =_4(-lf
2. TiQm cfln dtmg i x =

ax, . r D3
f "(x) = 0 tai a = 2. Dd thi y =/(r) l6i ten ren
trong cdc khoflng (-1; 0,5); (2; +*) vl lom (ldi
xudng du6'i) trong c6c kholng (-o; -1); (0'5; 2)
tqa dO di6mudn : (2; 0).

Vfly cOng thrlc dring vfi n = 1. Gi[ sri cOng thrlc

dring vdi n,tficldc6 clao htrm cdp n bing :f")1x1=

\ -/ .' \
12x-l)r*l (x+ll+l /
mot

lin niia dugc :

fn+t)1r1

2(-1)'(n + 1)
. (-2)'(n+t)
, 12"-1
1
- t-t\nn
' '' '- ' \ (2x-l)n+2- (x+ l)"+z )
=(-1),+1

@+t)tGh ;_Ol

Chung minh xong.

II.

1. A. Tt thric : arctg(tgx) lh hhm tuAn

ki m. Ttr thrlc duong khi x trong khotrng
(at ; nx+(nlD) ; Am khi x trong khotrng (nr (nlZ) ; nr) v1i ru nguyOn. Miu thfc ducmg khi -r >
-1 vd 0m khi "r < -1. Kdt hqp lpi : nghiQm cira b{t

CAu

hodn chu

phucing trinh

2. Dtng cOng thric luqng gi6c biOn tich thhnh

tdng ; tr) d6 chimg minh clugc m6i tictr phdn bing 0.
CAU

l.a)

n=0

w(nx;nrc+(tr,2))

-)

n=O

r < 5; Amkhi -5 <x< 0.

Mdu thric c6 hai nghiQflrr = 1 vi x = 3 ; dao him
cria m6u thfc li 2' . ln 2-3, tri d6 suy ra ddu ctra mdu
thfc : duong trong hai khotng (-5; 1) vI (3; 5) ; dm
trong kholng (1; 3). NghiQm qia bdt phucrng trinh
gdmhai khotrng (-5; 0) vd (1;_3).
2. Phwng trinh tucrng drrong vdi

sin-rl

+ lcosx + sinrl = 4sin-x.cosx vdi

-r

kh6ckn (knguyOn)

t-r l/2
[cos2,r
c+ { -." _-'=
Q x = (nl6) + kn ho{c x
>0
[sin2x

CAU
I

kTE

+.r

eAD2+BO=BD2+AO
U) Ap dung c0u a).

2. Phirong trinh mlt ph6ng (ACD) li x-z = 0;

phuorng trinh mlt phtng (BCD) ld 5x+3y+42 = 75;
mflt phfrng qua 3 didp C, D vd tAm m{t cdu nQi tidp
hinh ch6p lh mQt $ong}m{tphtng phdn gi6c (P),
(Q) cnanhi dipn CD. Tri cOng thric khotng c6ch tri
cli6m ddn m{t ph6ng c6 phucrng trinh 2 mqt phing
d6 lI : (P) :3y+92 = 15 vir

M[t

(1,5; 0; 0). Vi Enim trong do4nABftn(Q) lb m[t

phfrng phli tim ((0) di qua t6m mfit cdu nQi tidp
hinh ch6p).

| (x2-x+t)
I

(x2-x-2)

A.\

Itr

*{:

tv6
-l
=ln2+.'13
)dt

-rV6

LY2 = l.
412

hinh l[ng try ABC.A'B'C' thOm mQt

l6ng tryA,B rCr.ABCbilng llng trU dX cho. Khi d6
dA,i

tam gilc A.BC' vuOng tai B. Gitr srt cpnh d6y l[ng

161

l.{r j

fi
= ln2 + :r/r

-ltfi

trpbing a.Tac6:
Trong tamgificABB':

C'

2x-l
{3-

d(tst)
(tgt)z + |

AB"'2 = a2 + h2

A'

i
i1flf
*1
\!3 )
1t/6

=tn2-12 mr.r2-x+11I',l

,r2
dnlns hvoebol '.L B. K6o

=rn(x+1)l;-;[ffi*.

TH

ph6ng (Q) cit dudng thtng AB & didm E

3. A. Kholng c6ch tirdidm

2.

AB . CD=O

Z1n:r[*

t+.C
i
-=:--Lla*
=ir*- x2-x+l
)

{,

-+

M(x,y) ddndidmF(0;
+ rj-+y vh ddnduong th6ng Alir : ly-11.
Vay taa dO didm M thiba mtrn phuorg trinh
4.(y1)2 = x2 + (y-02. Do d6 tap hsp cdc di6mM

(k nguyOn).

III.1.

3dx

CD

(Q):l0x+3y-7=15.

<+ 1 + lcos2xl = Zsir?Zxvd'i sin2x > 0

e2t2 * 7 =0 vdi /= lcos2xl vtr sin2r> 0

=(nl3) +

Trld6suyru:AB

/{l

duung khi 0 <

lcosx

+ A B + BD)
. (CA
= BD' + AC' +2AB
I
f
+
2
BD2
+
AC2
A'tJ
.C'D
=
-+ -+ -+

U (-nl2;-l).
Tt ttlic

AD2 + BCz =

=AB2+BD2+BA2+AC+
_+ _+
+2AB.BD+2AB.CA
-+
-+ -,

+@

B. Tap x6c dinh : -5 < x < 5.

ll

+ BC2
-+ -+^ -)nbz -+^
- (AB + BD)t + (BA + AQ/ -

li

u (nx-(rA); tln) W

ry.

Trong tamgiilcArBC

2ArBz = a2 + (2h)2, do d6
a2 =2h2.
B

frd

!
Dang:

Bl

tichlang tru

AI

F^13

DOANTAM HOE

(Trudng DHXdy dwns HdN1i)

ffiffiMffiMffiffiffi
HA

uuy KHoAI

(ViAn Todn hpc)

phiOn hop ngdy 241512ffi0 tai paris, Vi0n To6n
ClCi (Clay)
Kembritgio (Cambridge)
(Massachusetts, M!) cOng b6 "Bey bIi to6n cria rhiOn ni0n
ki" vi I0p mQt Qu! g6m biy rriOu d0la M! rtd thuong cho
n\rmg nguoi gihi dwc bhy biu tofur d6 lmOitai mOt rt0u).
De gifp ban doc b6o To6n hoc Tu0i rr0 hidu th0m nhung
vdn d0 to6n hoc crja thiOn niOn ki mdi, tOi xin gi6ilhi0u
van t[r n6i dung cia biy bii to6n. pht{ n6i ngay r}ing, c6c
biri to6n dOu thu6c nhung linh vW hiQn dat crja to6n hoc,
0d niilu duoc chfing,. cin phli c6 nhtng ki6n thrrc r6t sdu
vd phong phri v0 nhiOu ngdnh kh6c nhau cfra to6n hoc hi0n
dar. Vi ttrC, bdi vi0t ntr6 nhy chi c6 thd gioi thiOu hOt strc
so luoc nhrmg f tuong chinh crtachc b[( to6n,

1'trong

I hsc

b.

l. P= !{P[1AY

P*ilP

Xin ban ch6 vOi vhng "gilrnr6c,' p 0 hai v6t O6 ctri tI

c6ch vi6t mQt bI( to6n nO'i tii5ng dflt ra boi St0phen Cuc
(StephenCook) nlm 1971. Ta thrl hinh. dung 6y hai sii
nguy0n t6 dfr lon (khoing 100 chft si5; rOi nnlo u'6i nhuu.
V6i mQt m6y tinh diQn tir, cilcban lim bli to6n d6 kh6ng

lim. Bdi roen n6i tron thuQc tdp nhimg bhi to6n mI ton
tai mOt thuat toen dd giii n6 v6,i ttdt giir tI mOt da thrn
cria diu vio (input). Ta ki hiOu P li top cdc b[{ to6n nhu
Iau

vdy.

Biy gid,

c6c ban thri gifr bi m4t hA sd da dr)ng itd

vi cdng b6 tich crla chfing, Khi do, vdi miy

(nh di0n t& vi nhung thuat t0e0 da bi0t, nguol ta c6 ttri!
phii mit hhng ti nlm m6i tim lar duus nai st5 Uan Oiul
nhdn vdi nhau

Nhu viy,,

bli ben ph0n tich mQt si5 nguyOn ra thua si5

nguy0n t6 kh6ng thuOc ldp P. Nguy0n nhdn cria ditru d6

lh, thuflt.todn xic dinh nAt sd cd phdi ti nguyAn ui hay
kh1ng bdng cich ding sing Orafitxtenkh\ng thuQc lop p
(ta sE cdn tro lar di0u nly trong mfi s6 bbi to6n sau). Tuy
nhi0n, c6 nhing thuQt todn xic sudt 1nuil to6n kh0ng tdt
dinh) liln dwc viQc d6 vdi thdi aian da thrrc (c6c ban c6
thd tim hidu thOm vti vdn Ci nhy,-vl vc c6c Udi to6,n s5 Itl

tqc" (kh6ng l[rn duung cong bi dft) cho dOn khi n6 chi
cdn lh mOt diOm (trong sui5t qul trinh n6n, duung cong
lu6n nlm trCn mAt cdu), Vdi duong cong v6 trOn chiOc
nh6n (hinh x,yy6n) thi khOng phti bio gidlung Iiln duo.c
diOu d6. Chlng han, kh6,ne th_i! n6n liOn tuc mQt duong
cgng ch4y bao qualh chiOc nhin thinh m6t diOm. Ta n6i
r6ng, m[t cdu don ]i\n, cdn m[t xuy6n thi kh\ng don ]idn.
.

Nlm 1904 Hlngri Po[ngcar0 (Henri Poincar6) phit

gil thuyi5t sau day : mqi da tpp ba chiiu (tatam triiiu

biOu

da.tap 3 chiOu Ih mOt kh6i hinh hoc tron, tuc li kI0ng gO

ghO, trong khOng gian 3 chiOu) dun fiAn compic vi kh6np
cd bin, diu dlng ph\ivdi ngt ciu ba chiiu'(tftc ti c6 th-d
6nh xa mgt OfSi mQt tiOn tuc hai chibu da t4p d6 lOn m[t
ciu ba chibu).

Bei t06n tr0n duoc r6t ntridu nhi to6n hqc l6n quan
tfun, trong d6 c6 nhibu ngrroi d6 tung duo. c Giii thuong
Phin (Field$ (tuong tu nhu giii N0ben (rlobel), nhrmg
gianh cho c6c nhi to6n hoc) nhu S. Sm0n (S, Smale), W.p.
Thocston (W.P. Thurston), S.Ndvicdp (S. Novikov). Tuy
nhiOn, cho dn nay, ho chi gili.duo.c bbi toAn trong kh6ng
gian vdi chi0u tri 4 trd lOn. ThO mdi hay, chc biii ro6n dlr
cho khOng gian 3 chidu mi chfng ta dang s5ng van D nr6
nhdt !

IIT. GIA THW6TRTEMANN

Tolrn tip cOng trinh cria nhi to6n hqc Dric Rioman (B.
Riemann.1826-1866) in thdnh mQt cu5n sfuh ch,i d9f
khofurg gin 400 trang. Vty mi tOn cria 6ng duo. c nh6c @n
hdu nhu fong mgi ng]rnh cria toan hgc hiQn dVi. Gii thuyAt
Riemnn duqc xem lh mQt trong nhimg bI( to6n lon nh6t

cria to6n hoc. Trudc n6t ta xbt UimLAta Riemann dtnh

nghia b&i ding thuc sau ddy

(ro=i,'

vI VII sE ninh bdy sau.ddy, trong cu6n s6ch cfra t6c gii
blri nly : NhQp mdn s6 h7c thuilt todn, NXB Khoa hgc
1997).

P vi NP c6 thd ph6t bidu nhu sau : phid

chdng npt bii toan cd the'giei dw.c bdng nQt thuilt toan
khOng Mt dlnh da thfu (b\i toan rhuQc l6rp NP) ki cfing
gidi dtntc bdng nQt thuAt bdn AAt dinh) da thrrc (tfu ti,

Bli

toan

cflng thuQc ldp P)

Blri toan tr0n c6 vai fd h6t sric quan trQng kong khoa
hoc m6y tirh, li thuyi5t dQ phrrc tap tinh to6n vI ti ttruy6t

mtt mi, HAu

II.

hOt c6c

nhl to6n hqc tin rlng P

* NP.

t,

GTA THIITET POINCARE

Ta thri 6y mOt quh ctu vi ve tr0n d6 mQt duong cong.

Dr) duong cong di vd thO nio thi ta cflng c6 thO "n6n ]i0n

Pl

It"

oC miy rhng, chu6i n6i rOn hOi tu vdi c6c s6 phrrc s

c6 phdn thuc ldn hon l. Ntru vfly, hiln z0ta Riemann xdc
dinh trOn nua mflt ph[ng n[m bOn phli duung thlng Re(s)
= (Re lI ki hiOu ptr0n ttrr;c cria sd phrrc). Sau O6 ntrd
phuong ffinh h[,rn m] hlq zdta Riemann th6a min, ta x6c
dinh drr.c n6 trOn toln mat phing phtrc (rtl ta s = 1, vi

hkn c6 gi6ri h4n v0 cirng khi sddn

minh rlng,

hd.ryn

zdta Riemann

dOn

l). C6 thd chung

blng 0 tai cic gr|frr s= -2k

(vdi mgi knguyOn duung),

Gii thuy6t Riemann n6i ring, ngoii cdc didm dd ra

noi diin khdc tai dd hara zAta Riemann bins 0 diu c6
$en nan ting lD,N6i c6ch kh6c, msi *nanf oidmxntrc
ciia hfuri zdta Riemann rl0u nlm trOn dwng th[ng

= 1t2. Bing.miy tinh, nguoi ta da kidm tra cluoc Ii

git.thuy0t dring d6i vdi 1.500.000.000 (mQt rutn) kh1ng
dinctn hi.m z0ta ! Tuy nhi0n, git thuy0t trOn vtn lh mdt
th6ch thuc cho to6n hoc ciia thiOn niOn ki m6i.

Re(s)

cung can gili thich d6i dibu di c6c ban hinh

dung dugc tai sao hfun zdta Riemann lai quan ffgng nhu
thO dOi vdi to6n hqc. Kh6ng kh6 khln gi, ta chung minh
dr-ru. c ding thuc sau ddy, gq1 h fich Oi (Euler) (c7c b4n
hly tu llrn nhu la hiii ttp) :

C6

16

((s) =

n-_]1-

trong d6 tich duoc 6y trOn tap hSp moi si5 nguyOn t5

p. Chinh vi c6ng thirc [0n mI hIryn zdta Riemann tim thdy
r6t ntriiiu ung dung kh6c nhau trong li ttruyiSt s6. Ctring
hal, dr)ng hlun zdta Riemann ngudi ta ohung minh duo-c
Dinh li Dirichl0 (Dinchlet) v0 su t6n tar v0 han sd nguyOn
t6 trong c6p si5 c-Ong mI sli hang diu vI c6ng sai nguyOn
tO cr)ng nhau. NOu gii thuyOt Riemann lI dring,.ta sO c6
cOng thrrc kh6 chinh

xlc d0 mo

tl luit phan bO s0 nguyOn

vI

tri d6 d6nh gi6.duo.c thdi gian (90 pnrrc t?p) cria

thu|l to6n phin tich sd nguyOn ra thua sd nguyOn t6. Nhu
t6.

trong phlnpidi thi0u bii to6n I, diOu nby r6t quan

trong Eong li thuyOt vd ung dung.

di n6i

rv. Li THUY6T veuc.l,ru,r,s

NOu nhu trong th6 gi6i vi md c6 c6c drnh lu|t
Nruton (Nervton) cta co troc cO'Oidn thi trong th6 gi6i c6c
hat co bfur (*re gi6l vi md) c6 6a d6ng cria c6c dinh lutt
cria v6t li luong tu. C6ch ddy gin nrla th6 t<i. hai ntrl to6n

hqc Yang [ang) virMin (Mills) phlt hiOn ra rlng vit li

tusng tu chua dgng m6i quan h0 h6r sfc 9ha! cn6 giira vit
li c6c hat cs bin vi to6n hoc cila mQt sd dOi tuqng hinh
hoc (c6c phdn thd,,..). Hg dua ra phwng trinh nOi tiOng
drri t0n.gqi Phuung trinh Yang-Mills, nhd d6 tiOn doan
duVc nhidu hiQn tuong trong vit li c6c hat co btn. Nhi0u
ti0n do6n trong sl5 d6 di duo,c chrmg minh bing thgc
nghiOm tai c6c phdng thi nghiQm vir v4t li nlng luqng cao
o Anh. M!. Ph6p, Nhnt... Tuy nhiOn, cho dOn nay, ngudi ta
chua tim dWc c6ch qili phuong trinh Yang-Mills sao cho
thda min duuc hai diOu kiOn : vua bto dlm tinh chinh x6c

ti $uo. q c6c hat c6 khOi luong.(hat nang).

Ddy khOng phii lI l'an diu ti0n md mQt li thuydt chua thdl
"chlt ch6" v0 to6n hqc lal
ung dung trong vflt li. D'ic
biQt" c6c nhh v0t li thuune ding eii thi0t "khe khOi luong"
diJ giti thich"ss "khOng i'9in tnily duut" cria cac hat quic
to6n hgc, vua m0

cta cichAt

"quarks" lh khi chfing

cing xa nhau, lurc trrng t6c giira ch6ng cing m4nh,.vit cho
dOn nay, nguui ta chua thO tao ra dri nlng luqng ctn thiOt
O{ d.cir chring rdi nhau (nhu v6y, c6c h4t "quarks' Iudn o
r6t gin nhau. v) c6c nhi vft li goi lh "h4t quarks cim tr)"t.
Nhrmg hiQn tuung vnt li nly chua c6 duW sU m0 ti chinh
(quarks). Didm dac biQt

x6c tofur hoc. D0 dat dr:qc tiOn b0 nlo tl6 trong vin d0

nly, c6 10 phi,r cfln d5n nhirng tu tumrg mdi ct trong

vi vflt ii.

to6n

hqc

v, GIA THUY6T HoDGB

Ci5i tuqng hinh hqc ph0c tnp, ngay
bi0t c6ch li.rn nhu sau : "d6n" thOm
vio n6 mQt hinh don gihn dti thu duo. c mQt d5i firong hinh
noc Oe mio s6t hon hinh ban ddu. Tuy nhi0n, trong nhiiru
trwng hqp. d0 thu durrc m0t d6i ftrong hinh hoc dnn gian
dOn mrrc ta c6 cOng cu nghi0n crm chring, nhirng dOi tuong

tt

?d nghiOn cuu mQt

thC

ki

19 nguoi ta

di

dr)ng Cii.Oan tai qu6 phfrc tap I Gii thuy6t Hotgio

(Hodge) n6i r[ng, trong mQt sd tnrdng hgp rdtquan trgng
cira to6n hgc, c6c ddi tugng ding dC d6n c6 thO duoc biOu
diOn qua ,ei aortr:vng kh7 don"gifur. C6 thd n6i chi tiOt
hon mot chft nhu sau.

phti

Xbt

cdc

b0 r+1 sd (x1, ..., x,*1) th6a min

trinh Pn(1, ,..,

t*t)

= 0,

k=

1,.,,,

fi,

hQ

trong d6

phrrng

PnlI

c6c

mi m5i tlon thrlc cria

n6 c6 btc nhu nhau. T|p hqp circ nghiOrn c'ua h0 phuung
trinh nhu viy lflp thrrnh.mdt. da tap dat s6.xa'uh trong
khAng gian xA anh n cht\u. ndu da tnp dai-s6 d6 "khl uon
tru" thi ta n6i n6 Ih da r4p khOng H di. DC nghiOn cuu c6c
da tap dar sO x4 lnh, ta thuomg dr)ng c6c chu tinh Hodge
da thfic thudn nhdt, trlc 1) c6c da thric

dC "de.'n'. C6c chu

hrvng mh ta goi

lI

uinh Hodge dugc th0. hiQn qua.mQt dOi

ptrln tri cria nh6m Oi5r COng diOu hQ.s6

htu ti.

Gil

thuy6t Hodge n6i rlng, tn cdc dg t4p dai.sil xa

tri$ Hodge th tA'hqp tuy6n fnh
cfia chc chu trinb dai sO (th1 hi0n qua phin tri crja nh6m
Oi5i OOng di0u hq s6 nguyOn, tric li c6c Oi5i tumg don gihn
hsn chu trinh Hodge).

inh khong M dt, ndi chtl

vr. sV rON
PHUCTNG

rm vA ri|ts rRoN cte Ncslunr

TRINH NAVIER.STOKS

Phuong trinh Navi0-St0co (Navier^-Stokes) II phrrng

tinh vi phdn d4o hkn riOng dtng d0 md th hiQn nrqng
s6ng. Chin^g hpn, ding phwng trinh d6, ta c6 thO m6 tt
dugc chuyOn dQng c0a nuoc bao quanh mOt con lbu dang
chay, chuyOn dOng cr)a lu6ng khi bao quanh mQt m6y bay
dang bay. Ph,rrung trinh d6 duol viOt nhu sau (v6i c6c bnn
dang hgc phO ttrOng, chua llrn^quen vor dao hfun nOng thi
c6 tho hieu ki hiou 0 ding d0 chi vi0c lly rlno hirn cfra
mOt hhm nnidu ui6n tneo irot bi6n nbo 06, uri xem c6c
bi6n kh6c th c6 ointr):

a:dui
ui +

Luiii

FL

=vAui

dn
+ fdx,t)(xe P, f >0)
- i{
dxi

dtvri =

la,
). ia=O(xe P, t>0)

-.
Ftj

dxj

(i)

(2)

Mlc

tt

the

dr) phr.rong trinh Navier-stokes

di drnc bi6t dOn

ki XX, cho d6n nay, hidu bi0t

cira con nguoi v0

phuong. trinh nhy v6n cdn r6t han cne. Trong trudng ho.p
hai chiOu (n = 2), nguoi ta di chrmg minh duoc su tOn tai
nghiOm tron (trlc tir c6 ttrd 6y dao hdrn) cira phuong trinh
Navier-Stokes. Tuy nhiOn,_trong truor.g hop 3 chidu, su

t6n tai nghi0m nhu v6y v6n cdn lb v6n dO m&, ngay ci
trong trwng hop don gian (v = 0) (phrong trinh Euler).
C6c ban th6y d6y, c6i kh6 ntr6t v[n iat n]im trong khOng
gian 3 chiOu

jla

'1'li.

i,{, i"i{il1'tf

!itii"{]t"l vA

slviltl,l-ti!{}},-

cto oAr LOAN (3/1996)

!. iJ

C6c ban c6 thd xem c6c didm cria rlrrong palabOn y =

nhu c6c nghiOm (x. y) cla phw.ng rrinh
= 0. N6i
chung, ta xem mOt da thuc hai biOn \x, y) xac dinh mOt
dr.ung cong C, N6u c6c h0 s6 cria da th(rc td c6c sli triru ti

** thi *lymPi* ?**m

y- I

thi ta c6 thd n6i dOn cdc nghiQm huu ti cria n6. trrc l) cic
di(ln hfru li cria duong cong. Su tdn tnr nghiOm huu ti crja
mOl da thrlc phq thudc vIo rn0t dlc trung hinh hoc cua
dnong cong tuong ung, goi Ii giting cua dudng cong.
TTtng hoo gi6ng cria .duong cong bing 0 kh6 don gian.
N6u duong cong c6 gi6ng t6n hon hay bhng 2 thi n6 chi
c6 huu han didm huu ri. D6
ndi dung cria dinh li

li

Ph0nting (Faltings) nO'l t6ng (xem bdi Dinh ti Fermat dd

dtruc ghung ntnh, THTT, 1993). D6i vu cic duong cong
c6 gi6ng

bing

1, cho d6n nay chua c6 phrrong ph6p chung

nlo dd x6c dinh mOt drxrng cong d6 cho li co-tray ttrOng

d didm huu ti. Khi C c6 didm huu ri rhi C duur gqi tb
dwng cong elliptic vd,tap ho. p c6c didm cira n6 c6 cdu trf c
cria nh6m aben. Nhiiru tinh ch6t cria duong cong elliptic
d,ryg ttii hi0n qua L - chu6i LQ, s) cira nO 1CO th mqt

toin tuong tunhuham z0taRiemann.

Xem NhQp m1n sii hrlc thuQt todn).
chuOi x6c dinh hodn

vI

Gie thuyOt Boch (Brch)

Suynnoton-Daio
(Swinnerton-Dyer) n6i ring hpng crta nh6m cdc di(ln huu
ti cila-dwng cong ellipttc hing bLt cila kh1ng rtiAm cia L
twng xng t1i s = 1. D[c biQt riuong cong c6 vO han
di0m huu ti ttri vii chi khi I chu6i tuong tmg bing 0 er
didm s= 1.
- chudi

Gii thuy6t Birch vh Swtnnerton-Dyer quan trqng ddi

vdi to6n hoc chinh vi vai trd cria duomg cong elliptic trong

ci* vln Od ffr6c

lai rling, duong cong

cu chri yOu dd chung minh Dinh li

nhau. Ta nhdc

elliptic chinh lh c6ng

ldn Fermat. Gan Oay, duong cong elhptic ctng tharn gia
vio vigc thi0t hp c6c h0 mit ml kh6a c0ng khai. Mlt
khdc, n6u gil thuyiSt Birch vi Swinnerton- Dyer dfng thi
ta c[ng c6 thd giii duu. c b}i to6n m& di duo. c d[t ra hlLng
[Im nlrn trvsc: tin tdt ci cdc sii nguy\n n sao cho tin tat
tan gihc vuing vdi s6 do cic canh li sd nn ti vi si| do
diQn tich

bing n./.

Bni 1. Gi6 sir c!rc goc o, 0, T th6a mln

0 < cr, F, T<
o *0 + y=
tgu =
f,va,

It

-tt
tCP=i'tC^t:;

trong d6 a,b, c

li

!,

c6c sdnguyOn

gi ti a, b, c.
BAi 2. Gi6 str sd thUc a thda rntrn 0 < a <

durng. HXy x6c dinh c6c

{ a,3'

vft

vh

j = 1,2, ..., 1996. Chring minh

ring vdi c6c sd thgc khOng 0m

t1

I t = t ,t i
6ssa )(sqo 5

(i = 1,2, ...,1996) ma

li,.,.
llL.,.' I .1r,*1a )t'
lu t t ll- t J I 4\
li=r

ltr=t

BniY. e v{ b Ih hai dldm cd dinh rron dudng

trdn d6 cho, Gil sfr didm P ch4y tr0n dr:Ong trdn
ndy vd dim M tuong img sao cho : hoflc M thuQc
doan thf,ng PA vdi AM = MP + PB, holc M
tliuOc doan thing PB v1i AP + MP = PB. Tim
qui tich cr{c didm P nhu thd.
Bni 4. Ch(mg minh ring vdi c6c sd thuc bdt
k\ a3, a4,..., o85 thi cdc nghiQm cfia phucrng trinh
sau khOng phli ddu lir sd thqc
assx85 + ag4x84 + ... + a3x3 * 3x2+2x+7 = O
Bni 5. Tim tdt c[ 99 sd nguyOn a1, a2, ..., oe,)
mA br-t - aol2 1996 vdi mgi
do
=
k = 1,2,..., 99 sao cho sd
m = maxll4l-t - a*li k = 7, 2, ..., 99y
lA nh6 nh{t c6 thd dr4rc, vh xdc dinh gi6 tri
nh6 nh{t m* cita m.
Bni 6. Gil sir eo, Qt, qz, ...\d day sd nguyOn
:

th6a mtrn ddng thdi c6c diOu kiQn:

(1) vdi mdi m > n thi m-nll, udc cta

(2) lq,l <

1o

Q*-

Qn

vdi mgi sd nguyOn n > 0.

Chrmg minh ring tdn tni da thrlc Q(x) sao cho

Q(n) = qnYdimqi n.

Tr0 lpi bdi to6n 2. Gqi

H ld hinh chidu cfia D

trOn m{t ph6ng @Bq.

VAI UOC LUONG

Gqi

,:

cl0;a

TRONG TU DIEN

thlng AB, BC, CA.

D[.t DH = h, HF = x,

HK=!,HE=Z

PHAM ndNc euAN

(12 Todn, THPT Ngut6nTrdi, HAi Dwong)

MOr vii uoc luong trong tri diQn d bii niy lI

Theo dinh
'

lac6:DF

sg m0 ph6ng c6c urvc lugng tuong tr; dx c6 trong

tam gi6c ma theo tOi biOt thi dAy 1I nh*ng ph6p
chimg minh mdi vd mQt mQt vdi kdt qul mdi.

OX=t[112

=)<",trrnf

S,o=Sr+Sr+S.+S,
L=AB+AC+AD+BC+BD+CD.

tich totrn phdn.

tor{n 1: Cho tr? diAn ABCD. Chftng minh

2

(1)

Dd chftig minh ta srl drJng bd dd quen thuQc

sau trong tam gi6c

Bd de 1 : Cho tam gi6c ABC, ta c6 : ab + bc +

ca > +tE S. Dtng thric xly ra <+ tam gil,c ABC
dOu.

Tr0 lni bdi to6n 1. Ap dung bd d0 1 cho

c6c

tam gi6c : BCD, CDA, DAB, ABC, ta dugc bdn

bft dtng thrlc. CQng theo trmg vd cira cdc b{t
ct6ng thlc niry vtr rut ggn ta c6 :

(AB+CD)(AC+DB) + (AQ+BD)(AD+BA +
+ (AD + BC)(AB+CD)

1,(

iJ\

) 4{3 Sa =

.2

<en*co) + (AB+GD)+ (AD+Bc;f > 4r-3s*

+ )

DE=^[h, *

r'.

.@

*^[runf <uyf

(ch)2 + (cz)z

P = AB.AC.AD.BC.BD.CD
(Xn li sd do cfia ciic nhi diQn cnnh XL
Xin bdt ddu vdi ud'c ltrgng liOn quan ddn diQn

,' > l2{t.tte

ayz,

Hinh

=!2'6c.or + GA.DK + AB.DE)

= ! g",[ rl* + u'{r}+yz + r{rP**l
2'

Ddi vdi tu dign ABCD ta ki hieu :

y la thd tich ; s(BCD) lI dign rich cta LBCD
ho{c vidt tdt So = S(BCD).

rdng:

li Pitago
r.* "
="'l h'+x',

Vfly :So + Su + S.

Ddi vdi tam gi6c ABC ta ki higu S ltr dign tich

vd,BC=a,CA=b,AB=c.

Bii

4 F, Kla.hinh chidu
H $et cac duong

>12{3.SD.

Dtng thric xhy ra a Cdc tam gi6c BCD, CDA,

DAB, ABC ddI
<+ Tii dlQrtABCD ltr tf dien deu.
Bii torin 2. Cho tO di|n ABCD. Chtcng minh

rdng:s3a>216.iiVQ)
Dd chr:ng minh ta sir dgng bd dd quen thuQc
sau trong tam gi6c :
Bd d 2. Cho tam gi6c ABC. ta c6 : a + b + c 2
l2{3 S. Ding thric xtry ra <+ tam gi6c ABC dd.u.

='^

>;^tt

"[Tsrh\4s:., (Theo bd de 2)
=^{: s;h, * g
Suy ra : (so + s, + S.)2 >3"'[isonz + 9o
sr(sa + .!, + .lc - sD) >- z^[z sonz
=+ S,r(Sa + S, + sc -.lD)2sD > 5415'fr
_ ,So +S, + s.- s, + 2sr)2
> s+r.6y,
+ 5,p[
)
9,e>2t6\[rrf,.

=+

Df,ng thrrc
-z xhy rakhi vtr chi khi

ff=H=fr,

MBC d6u, H nim trong MBC,

Sa +,SB +.!c - So = 2So, nghia lI khi vi chi khi
ch6p D.ABC ltr ch6p ddu vX Sa = Sr =
trlc lb tri dllnABC ltr f0 diQn ddu.

,lc = SD,

Cicbdt cl8ng thrlc (1), (2) dtr c6 trong nhidu

ttri ligu to6n so efp, ch&ng han b6o THTT sd 116
thtng 5 *6 n6m 1980 vdi bdi "vhi rrdc luqng hinh
hgc" ola GS Phan Drlc Chinh. Tuy nhiOn cdc
ph6p chrtoig minh cria (1) va (2) theo tOi lI mdi.
Bdi torin 3, Cho tu diAn ABCD. Chrhng minh
rdng:P>-7XP

(3).

Bdt tttng thric (3) m0i xu{t hipn gin d0y trOn
b6o THTT s6 2lt thtrng 1 nlm 2000, chfmg minh
c6 trong ldi gifti bdi T1,0/267. BDT (3) cho ph6p
ta dodn nhan kdt qutr sau

Bii

torin 4 : Cho tri dipn ABCD. ChLmg minh

rdng

(Sa . Sr . sc . SD)3

,# rr

@)

Trudc ht ta ph6t bidu vtr chimg minh kdt

qutr sau.

Bd tI6 3. Cho tu diQn ABCD, ta c6

II sin(XI) f :)',
= \ 9/

(xh

trong

tich

ndy (XY) ldy dri gi6

\2

\2

=[ s, ,-[ s, ]"(. s..]

S(HBC)

S(HCA)

"os21Bg

"or2icA;

,"S;\
>l\Si+Sfi+S'cl
Ddng thrlc
-l xiy ra <+

lS(HBC) S(HCAt
=

{ su

3AB
tac6:
.)-6

i)
,-,6-\')

tso.s, sc.sD)3, rt^sin(xD

(xb

P
Sri dung kdt qufl cria bhi to6n 3 vtr bd de

rrt<

(if

u, ,,

^tc sD)3

1^
_vL
72

si+s|+S.
+

tac6:

.S(F1AB) \2

Ap dung bft dtng thric BunhiacOpxki ta c6

cos2lBg + cos2icA; + cos2lAB; >
r S(HBC)+S(FI CA) + S (H A Bt rz
zt
/

Bd dc 4. Cho tri dian ABCD, ta c6

2 Sc.So .sin(AB)

Tr& l4i bdi to6n 4. Ap dung bd d0 4 sdu ldn vd

nh6n theo tlng vd cria c6c d8ng thrlc nh0n dugc

tti cdc g6c nhi diQn cria trl dipn.

Chil:ng minh. Gqi.F1 ld hinh chidu cta D tr}n
m{t ph&ng (ABC) (xem hinh 1). Ta c6 :
cos2lBq + cos2lcA; + cos21Atr;

Ta srl dgng bd dd quen thuQc sau d0y

- tl2

+f<f*tso.sr.s..sr)3

"or2(AB)

Dtng thic xly ra <+ Tri dign ABCD ld ttr

(*)

di0n ddu.

C6c kdt qui nhdn dugc trong bd d0 3 vI bdi

toin4 theo tOi li mdi. Nhd bdt dfrng thric COsi, ta
th{y ( ) li su m0 rQ"g^:p (2). Nhd bat ding

SIHABl

.tB
.tc
-=-tam gi6c ABC
[H nim trong

thlc

quen thuOc 53

+64

o26212

li

ddi vdi

tam

(Bq = (CA) = (AB).

Tuong tU nhu bdt dtng thric (*) ta c6 4 b{t
dtng thric ddi vdi c6c m{t vir c6c g6c nhi dign

gi6c ABC bdt

(3).

kh6c.

Bii todn 5. Cho tf diQn ABCD. Ch(mg minh

rlng:)sin(Xl) <4'[r.
6n
Bii torin 6. Trong cdc ttr diQn ngopi tidp rnQt

<+

CQng theo timg vd cria 4 BDT n6i trOn ta c6

q2

(xn

@.B,c,D "B

trong tdng

nly (A, B, C, D)l{y 4

',

"c ' "D

gi6

tri ho6n vi

vdng quanh.

Dettrdy)
(A. B.

,4
c.D) 'B

Ttr d6 suy ,u :

+ s'z. +

(x4

- 3
s|.r+

(xn

{in "nrxa
6n

mflt cdu cho trudc, h[y tim tri diQn c6 dign tich
todn phhn l6n nhdt.
Bii todn 7. Cho tri diQn ABCD. Cqi R, r theo
thrl tW ld b6n kinh cdc mlt chu ngo4i tidp vtr nQi

Bii

ring,r:P>Zq\V.

torln 8 : Cho tr1 dien ABCD nQi tidp mlt

nim trong trl diQn.

cdu (O, R) vn M lh mOt didm

Chtmg minh

rin21x4 < U

l*o

.*=
r sin(XY). (;l
J (Xt)
\

ring

MA'V (*rro) + M B.V g6pty +

Ding thric xly ra <+ tdt cL c\c g6c nhi dign

bing nhau c+ Tr1 diQn ABCD lI tri di-On ddu.

10

su m& rQng cria

Xin mdi c6c bpn gitri tidp mQt sd bii to6n sau

tidp. Chrmg minh

"or'1xv1>!3

+ )tr - sin2(x4) .? *)
3

ki, ta th{y (4)

MC.V,*oo4+ MD.Vludnq

<',[R24,W .v..nco)
Cudi cing xin ctm on thdy Nguy6n Minh Hi
di dQng vi0n vtr girip (lo nhiou dd tOi hoin thinh
bdi vidt ndy.

-a\

vE B0 SeeH 6_[&0 KH0e

TOAI{

IHPI C}II}IH tI llOP l{llAl

(Srt dvng trt ndm hOc 2000-2001)

DAY UA

NGUYEN HUY DOAN

(NhI xudt b6n Gi6o duc)

T,f .ra* hqc 2000-2001

c6c trudng THPT trong

ctr ntrdrc so ding chung 1 bQ s6ch gi6o khoa
To6n, thay thd cho 3 b0 sfch gi6o khoa To6n
(SGKT) dl srl dung tr) n6m 1990. Xin gidi thiQu
t6m t5t mQt sd di6u chinh ctra b0 s6ch gi6o khoa
chinh li hqp nhdt (SGKTCLHN) so vdi c6c b0

C6c nQi dung kh6c n6i chung khOng c6 gi

thay d6i, ngoni trtr c6ch trinh bdy mQt sd vfn d0
c6 don gidn hon (nhu htrm sd vI dd thf, li thuydt

SGK trudc day.

Dai sd vi Gi6i tich 1.1

VA fugng gidc, bO cdc vdn dD : htrm sd luqng
gi6c ngugc, bft dtng thrlc lugng gi6c vI bft
phuong trinh lugng gi6c. Dd chinh xdc hda thu\t
ngfr vh, tr6nh nh[m l6n, c6c thuflt ng8 "h]m sd
lugng gi6c cira mQt g6c hay mQt cung" trudc dty,
nay ggi lh cdc "gi6 tr! luqng gi6c cfia g6c hay
cung d6"; Cdn thuQt ngt "hdm sd lurqng gi6c" chi
dtng cho c6c htrm sd luqng gi6c v0i bi6n s6
thw.
VA gidi tich, kh6i niQm gi6i h4n cfia hdm sd
duqc dinh nglia th1ng qu,a khdi niQm gihi hqn
ctra day sd chri kh0ng dung ngOn ngir
delta-epsilon. CLct. ntry llm cho nhi6u vfn dd
tr& nOn don gi6n hon, pht hgp vdi nhfln thtrc cria
da sd hoc sinh. BOn cpnh d6, viQc b0 bht lrr}t vli
kh6i niQm nhu c6c khfi niQm vd tdng, hipu, tich
thr.rong ctra hai day sd hoic hai htrm sd, khfi
nigm htrm sd liOn tuc mQt b0n, cilng lhm cho
DSGTIl nhg nhtrng hon nhi0u so vdi tnrdc dty.
Gi6i tfch 12. Trong phdn d4o hdm vI khto
s6t hlm sd, c6c cOng thrlc tinh dpo hdm cria hlm
sd hqp v[ so tld khto s6t hdm sd cir.g vdt cdc
yAu cdu cU thd khi khto s6t ting loai hdm sd
duqc nhfn m4nh hon, girlp cho hQc sinh tr6ch
dugc nhtrng sai s6t dE mdc phti khi thuc hlnh
gili to6n. Thufi ngn khdo sdt hdm sd &wc dr)ng
thay cho cqmkhdo sdt vd ve dd thi crta hdm sd.
BO bdi tldny,hho s6t htrm sd d4ng phtn thrlc mtr
cl tir thric vi m6u thr.rc ddu ll tam thrlc b0c hai.
Clc vi dtl vd tim gid tr! lhn nhdt hay nhl nhdt
cira mQt h)m sd ffAn m|t doqn hay mQt khodng
duqc xdc dinh cU thd khOng nhiing girip hqc sinh
n{m drryc phuong ph6p gili to6n mi cdn tr6n}r
clrryc sU l6n lQn giira kh6i nipm nhy v6i khdi nim
gid tr! ctrc tlqi vd gid tri clrc tidu ct0;a mQt
hlm sd.

Trong cfc cuQc th6o lufn vd SGKT, i kidn

chung dOu cho ring nQi dung cira SGKT phli
gdm nhung vfn d0 co btrn nhftctra bQ mOn To6n,
d6p rmg dugc nhtng dOi h6i cira khoa hgc, cita
ddi sdng x6 hQi vl phtri khOng lac hflu nhi0u so
v1i cic mrdc ti0n tidn. Qua 10 nlm sir dgng,
SGKT da bQc l0 nhftrg ur khuydt didm cira n6,
trong d6 c6 mOt sd vdn dd bi khai th6c qu6 stu
cho mqc dich thi vtr luyPn thi.
BO SGKTCLHN v6n bao gdm nhung kidn
thuc co bf,n nhu trong 3 b0 SGK trudc ddy,
nhung c6 mOt sd di6u chinh nQi dung bing 3
biQn ph6p sau

* Lopi b6 nhtng ki6n thrlc khOng thflt co btrn.

x Gi[m nhtng ydu td c6 tffi ch{t kinh viQn,
hqc thuflt; tlng cutng c6c ydu td th\rc hAnh.
Ching hnn, b0 nhtrng chimg minh phrlc t3p, tim
c6c phuong ph6p tidp cfln don gi6n tuy c6 phli hi
sinh phin ndo tinh chinh x6c khoa hgc, lga chen
thOm c6c vi dU minh hOa...
* Dd cao clc ydu t6 su phpm nhu : thdng nhdt
cic kr hipu vh thuQt ng0 dtng trong s6ch, chti i
tinh m6u mgc cta cdc vi du hay bdi gili m6u, sd
luqng bli Bp ra vta phli vtr vdi nhrarg yOu ciu

bli

Qp qu6 kh6.
trinh btry mQt sd nQi dung cu thd

thich hgp, b6 c6c

Sau

diy

vi

oAr s6

D4i sd 10. HAu hdt c\c nQi dung ctra chuong

vI ki thu|t tinh to6n dvgc chuydn sang
b0 m1n khdc thich hqp hon, chi gin /4i phhn n6i
vd sai sd vI tinh gin dung dd girip hgc sinh trong
thuc hlnh giti to6n.
Bd sung thAm mQt sd nQi drurg cin thi6t vd
lOgic vi c6c ki hiQu lOgic vdi mrlc dQ don gitrn dd

khoa hec

hoc sinh cd tnd hidu

vI

srl dung dring vd sau nhy.

vd phuong trinh vd bdt phrrng trinh, bft dtng

thLrc).

(Xem tidp trang 23)

11

Biti

771279.

Tim gi6 rri ltln nhdt cua bidu

thric P=-x -+-1 .+ 2.,

7+.f, 7+y'

DC NO HI ilNT

7+2"
ciic sd thuc th6a man didu

IA

\ffif,T i;'):r'!
rnANNauDuNG
/ /' ,^ \
)

t ( NIJ
r-Ac r.cypr,Hcs\ \t/

|
fI

<cv*nooTodnrrxdnsDHKHWrpHdchiMinht

Bdirstz79.
giri tri ldnnhdtcria bidu thric
I*
y2z
x2y +
+ zzt + Px - xyz - yzz - zP - tP

bang
(vinn c6ng nghp th6ng tin)
p'
Bii rgl2lq Tren rnlt phing ch, ba iludng
NcuvENntrusiNc trdn
d6ng tdm o viii b6n kinh lAn tuor tir

thi sd circ ulc cfia a

md" nguyOn td vdi p

sd ciic u6'c cria a mh khong nguyon td voi

-^

(GVrrudngTHCSBdnThrty,vinh,NshAn)

rr= l, rr"=.,{z,r: = lF. cnla, a, c tiu" oie^

Bdi T2/27g. Chring minh ring ndu c6c sd khOnq.mlrq hing ldn lugt nim trel ba dudng
thgc .r, y, a, b th6a man c6c di6-u kiQn r+y - trpn d9 _Cpi I li diOn tich MBC. Chring minh
a+bva'/ +y+ =a4 +b4lilii/. *f =a"iW
t v rdng S< 3. Tinhd0 dAi c6c c4nh AABCkhi
,s
3.

n.
LEDUYMNH

vrii moi so'nguyon ducmg

(Khoa Todn trudng DHSP Hd

NQi

2)

uoANGHoATRAI
Ni''ii)
'::*t
-Biti 9'
T101279. Cho rri diQn ABCD sao cho c6c
THPT chuv2n L0 Khi6t' Qudng

:
cqnh AB, BC, CA ddu nh6 hcm c6c c?rth DA,
DB, DC. Tim giri rri ldn ntrft vi gi6 tri nh6
(P+yz))/nrny" + (fl-f)?
trong d6 r, 1,rtr c6c sd duomg vi n ltr sd
Nv'rz -rtr atD trL
S#;pr=r;fT|iy.*i&.Pth6amandidu
nguYOnduong.
BitiT3l279. Chring minh ring

nuyNs rAN

csAu phil y1n)

(GV r rwmg THPT chut,\tt Lurmg vdn chdnh;

nru xuAN riNit

(GV trutug THPT Inm scrr' Thanh Hda)

cAc oe vAr LI
Bdi r4t27g. cho tam gi6c dou AIlc. Tim tap
Lll279.
MOt xe chd c6t chiu t6c dsng
hqp tdt cti cdc Ctdm U-nim trong AABC sab _Biti
cho ndu hinh chidu g|a M tr6n c?c cVnl BC, th99 nfuong ngang b0i mOt luc k6o f khOng ddi
cA, AB ldn lugt ld D, E, F thi c6c dulng th6ng c6 hu6ng trung vq hugng cria vecto vln t6c v
" cria xe. Do mot l5 thring 0 sln xe, cdt chtty
AD, BE, CF ddng quy.
hnr lugng- kh^6ng 0di c (fg/s). Xac
Ncuy6r*Htruplludc xudrrg vdi.
tdc;n
v0n tdc cria xe.& thdi didm r, ndu
(sv trudng DH Bdch khoa, Hd Noi) fjnh eia
Iric , = 0 khdi luo. ng cria xe bing movd vQntdc
B.di T51279. Cho tarh gi6c ddu ABC vd, M lh, cria xe bing khOng. 86 qua moi ma s6t.
mQt didm nim trong tam gi6c. Gqi X Y, Zldn
NGUvEN xuANquaNc
(GVtrudngTHPTchuyonvinhPhfic)
luqt ltr didm ddi xring cira M qoa BC, CA, AB.
cfc tam gi6c ABC vt' XYZ c6
Bdi L2tzlg. eu6 cdu nh6 rich diQn treo bing
:,1S9".T'*rinB
cunS rrong ram.
ddy nhe, khOng dtrn, cdch diQn, dii I = |m,
NcuyENMrNrrHA
dou nim nsans, dav reo
(GVkhdipT,cttu,-anrcdntradnsDHSpHdNriit

[:ilr#'g:f[t:%'f{

cAcr.oprHpr
B^ir6tzis. rim msi sd nguyen do*e
L_:T
( In, trong d6 ,, la sd c6c udc nguyOn

cho n
duong

cianz.

vO DOc
(SV K

12

4l

soN

Khoa Todn Tin trudng DHKHTN Hd

N1i)

Sau d6 ddi dot ngot hutug dien trulng

!'#.1i :urtF(5i1;?tli it.fT#luT?'1,?l

ilXT?,"#.-.1%ttT#iLt#tiiit?i*';
il;y'ffi;;a ch4m diQn trudng" 6i "gxi iol
uliirayfenddndOcaontro ?
rn.ANuANuHt NG

(GV khdi Chuycn Todn-Tin, DHSP Vinh, N gh An)

?1

PROBLEMS IN THIS ISSUE

FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Tll279. Find all natural numbers a (a > l)
such that for every prime divisor p of a, the
number of divisors of a which are relatively
prime to p is equal to the number of divisors of
a which are not relatively prime to p.
TZl279. Prove that if the real numbers x, y,
a, b satssfy the conditions, + I = a + b and
*u * yo = oo + ba then
* y" = an + b" for
every positive integer z.

T31279. Prove that

(x2+yz)>2nf f + @-:r,n)2
where x, y are positive numbers and n is

positive integer.
T41279. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle.
Find the locus of points M inside AABC such
that if the orthogonal projections of M on the
lines BC CA, AB are respectively D, E, F then
the lines AD, BE, CF are concurrent.

TSl279. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle

atd M be a point inside MBC. Let X, Y, Zbe
respectively the mirror-images of M through
the lines BC, CA, AB. Prove that the triangles
ABC atdXYZhave the same centroid.

FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

T61279. Find all positive integers n such that

fl I

where /, is the number of positive

divisors of n2.
T71279. Find the greatest value of the

tn

"Yyz
= l+x'
.+ l+y' --'
-"+ l+z'
z are real numbers satisfying the

expressionP

l,

where x,
condition x

* | * z= t.

'f81279. Find

the greatest value of

exoression
'
xzy + y2:, + zzt + tzx

where x,
to; 1l

!, z

the

- *y' - yz' - at2 - txZ

are real numbers belonging to

T91279. In plane, let be given ttuee

concentric circles with center O and radii
r| = l, rz.= .,[i, r: = {i. Let A, B, C be t}ree
non collinear points lying respectively on these
circles and let S be the area of MBC. Prove
that ,S < 3. Calculate the measures of the sides
ot LABC when.! = 3.
T101279. Let ABCD be a tetrahedron such
that the measures of the sides AB, BC, CA are
all less than the measures of the sides DA, DB,
DC. Calculate the greatest value and the least
value of the measure of PD where P is a point
satisfvins the condition
' "PDz - PAz + PBz + PCz.

fOAN HQC ,ilUo\l AIAU Gidp bia 2)

Gi6i ddp bdt :MANDENBROT vA uiuu rVDdNe DAN9
1) Da sd cdc ban da fte ldi : Ilinh bOn tr6i m0 tA csn ldc xo6y, hinh ben phAi m0 tA c6nh
bd bidn.
2) NAm qng phdm dAnh cho c6c ban c6 t0n du6'i d0y da v0 hinh E+ dtng
- NguydnTidn

tAng blng trOn

Hmg,69lLC Thanh Ngh!, thlnh phdHtri Duong

- PhqmTidn Dnng, ThOn 12 khuydn NOng, TriQu Sun, Thanh H6a

- Ngul1n Phwong Ngoc, 10A6, THPT Holng Qudc ViQt, Mao KhO, D6ng Tridu, QuAng Ninh
- Phqrn Xudn Huy, 11A1, TIIPT Th6i Phric, Th6i Thpy, Th6i Binh
- Traong Minh Nghla, t0p thd co khi diOn tir, Thanh Xu0n Bdc, Qu0n Thanh Xu0n, Hd N0i.

13

, at-t
T* a!= ap-1ap*1.ta coak

Ar

nghiQm nguyAn

d
o --

x+y _1

-xY+Yz- 7
Ld'i giii. ciaD(ng Thdnh Long,gA,
YOn Phong, Bfrc

Gi6sfr

THCS

x,!e Zthbarrrn, ,--ry;=1

x- - x\+\)
x+!,

x-y

c6c

" Y,,
2,r

nly vno (1) ta c6 :

28P = 3gz + 3qz)
Tt d6 suy ra 28p:3hay pt 3

(2)

+p=3k(keZ)

tri cta p vlo (2) tac6

28k=3(3k2 + q2)

Thay gi6

(3)

Suyraki3=k=3m(meZ).
Thay gi6 tri cria k

28m=27m2 + q2

Ttd6suyra

vlo (3) ta duqc

m(27m- 28) = -q2 <

+x

= 0 (loai)

Ydtm=1+p=9,Q=!1
T6m lai tacd (r5, y=4) hoic

(x = 4, y = 5)
phuong
trinh da
Vfly nghiQm nguyOn cria
(x
(.r
y
y
4,
cho ltr
= 5, = 4)hoac =
= 5).
Nhgn x6t. C6 rdt nhieu ban c6 ldi gili tdt.

T6NGUYE}.I

BiiliTZt275.Cho n+I (n>2) sdth1rc a, a?

..., ar+t khdc 0 thda mdn azo= ao-rao*, vhi mqi

k = 2, 3, ..., /t.7ir1,

! j4!: JL

ai+ q+

... +

dj*,

theo a,

vd ao*r.

Ldri giii. (cria ban Nguydn Tidn VieL 8B.,

THCS ThAi Nguy0n, Nha Trang, Khdnh H0a

vl
t4

cria nhi0u ban kh6c).

ja,

,ta c6

aX*r

a-

an_l

4+oi+...+4

al

ai+ a\ + ...+ fint

an+l

an
a*l

a1

an+l

NhAn x6t. C6 rdt nhi6u ban gitri giOng nhu ldi giti
cl cdc ban ddu quOn ring c6 thd xAy ra

ren, nhung tdt

truong hqp ai + a\ + ... + al)*, = 0 (chtng hqn vji n=2,

at= a3= l, a2 = -1) khi dd ti sd cdn tinh khOng x6c
ttinh. Hdu h6t ldi giti cta c6c ban tl6u ngdn gqn, trt
mQt sd ban chring minh bing phuong ph6p quy n4p,

kh0ng dr:gc ng{n ggn bing ldi gitri trinh btry uOn.
Cong c6 ban uinh biy ldi gi6i qu6 tdt, Ia didu nen tr6nh

B
trong

T3t275. Cho cdc sd thqc

[-2; 2]. Chftng minh rdng :
)

,
t',f',
z' e [0;41
tq-f)(o

x,

!,

z ndm

- (*y2 +ya zz + za* ) < I 92.

Ld,i girii. Cdch

A*L

.,.1an

21x6 +y6 + z6

= 0,

An

vT]DiNHHOA

O=*=#

VAym=0hoicm=1.
YOt m= 0 thi p = q =0

vay

P-q

2'

An

ai+d+..,+a!,*1

Thay citc.r, y

An-l

A"

a; ,A ai

Mat
kh6c,f =
'A2A3A,

x,y'*0.

ta c6 x =

42 43
nnnn
An-l
41 A2

nnt,
al + a2+

Ninh.

hay 7(x+t) =3(.x2-ry+y2;1t; uOi

DLt p =

At

DltS=
-:--:=...=
'

phuong trinh

vdi mgi

ak+l

k=2,3,...,n.

glnr onr ri Tnuoc

Biti Tll275. Tim mqi

ak

I. Tt

+ y2

giA thi6t ta cd

-i).0

(4-*)(4+zz-f)-o

(4-*)(++*-t).0

/ *yo -#."

(1)

42

y4+24-T<rc

Q)

42

za+/-T=tu

(3)

Cqng trmg vd cria (1), (2), (3) ta cd

GrAr BAr

- )t*of *f z'*zo*') .

zqxa+ya+za)

Hdi,9C, THCS Vier Tri; Ninh Binh: Ngay|n

4g

41xa+ya+r\ -l{"ul'+yoz2+zo*1< 96 (4)

kh6c : Vi 0 <
!2, z' . 4 ncn
4xa > *u ; 4yo 2 y6 ;4za , ,u. Do dd :
(5)
41xa+ya+za) > xu + y6 +
Tti (4) ve (5) ta c6 :

l,

Mlt

z6

*6 +yu + 7u

){*o

t' *lo z' * zo *')

. 96

2(x6 *yu+zu)

== 192 (*)

(z)
(3)

1fy2+yazz+zo*')

<

326 <

(*) trO thlnh ding thric <+ lzl = 2 vd

(2), (3) ddng rhdi trOthlnh dfng thric.
Vi (3) trd thanh ding thric ++ lyl = lzl

Ta thdy

(l),

df,ng

,h,i.

*l;Lot.t

(1) trO tlrnnh ding rhric <+

l5

lyl

Vfly (*) tr0 thenh ding thric <+ lyl = lzl = 2

vtr l.rl = 2 hogc .r = 0, ti d6 ta c6 kdt qut nhu
phAn cuOi c6ch

B i T4t275. Ch*ng minh rdng MBC vhi

BC = a, CA = b, AB =c ld tam gidc vuOng khi
xdy ra m1t tron? cdc ddng tht?c sau :

l.

Nhgn x6L 1) Nhi0u ban tim c6c kh6 nang dd tling

thric xtry ra cdn thidu : trong 3 gi6 tri Lrl ; lyl ; ld c6 2
gi6 tri ll vl 1 gi6 td la 0.

^A
tg'1=

lb-cl
b+c

LO'i gi6i. Cdch 1.

Gqi AD (D e BC) lI
dudng phtn gi6c cria
g6c A. Tr0n tia ddi cria
tta AB ldy didm E sao

choAE=AC=b.DE

thdy IBAD = ZDAC =

IACE = ZAEC nOn

ADllEC. KC duOng
0K.

Ta c6

,rt=rrr='fr=#

tlii

Phing: Bili Vdn Tudn,9A, THCS Tu Cudng, Ti0n

Lang; NghQ Anz Trung Tudn Dfing, Trwrtg Binh
Nguyn,98, THCS Dfug Thai UA; Tp Yinh; Nguydn
Trgng Chung, 9A, TIICS L,0 H6ng Phong, Hrmg
NguyOn; Phri Thq: Hodng Ngpc Minh, Trdn Thanh

(1)

KtrOng mdt tintr tdng qu6t git s& b > c thi

ZABD > IACD + IADB < IADC + IADC
vuong ho[c tr). Tt d6 vd, tn ADIIEC suy ra
(2).
ZDCE ltr g6c nhqn

2) MOt sd ban d1 tdng qu6t h6a btri to6n vA cho kdt

qui dring.
3) C6c b4n cho ldi gili tot ld : Hi NQi: NguyZn
Hodng Thanh,9A, THCS Nguy6n Tndng TQ, Ddng
Da;Trdn AnhTudn,gAl, THCS Luong Thd Vinh;

2)

thfrng BK vuOng g6c vdi

BE, cdt dudng thhng EC

o,

|xl=

lEm6NcNuAr

Aa
1)t5=;'

(r)

Ngwy4n Thdnh Nam,

..

3.26

(z) aothlnh

Hii Duong:

9A, THCS Nguy6n Trai; Tp Hd Chi Minhz Nguy4n

Dinh Khudy,8A1, THCS NgO Tdt Td, Q. Phf Nhufln;
Bdc Ninh: D(ng Thdnh lnng,9A, THCS Yn Phong;
Quing Triz Phan Qudc Hung,9A, THCS thi trdn Hai
Ltrng; Thanh H6az L Khdc HuyAn,98, THCS Thign
Vfln, ThiQn Yn.

Cdch 2. Do vai trd binh d8ng cria x, y, z

nOn gi6 sfr lxl < lyl < lel < 2. Khi d6 :

Vdn

Dgo, 6F,, THCS YOn Phong, YOn M6, Phqm Quang

Hny,9 To6n, THCS thi-trdn Ninh, YOn Kh6nh; Ddng
Thdp: V0 Hftu Trt,SA1 THCB thi xl Cao Lanh; Hn
TAy: Trlnh Xudn Trt, 88, THCS Nguy6n Thr:qng
Hidn; Phqm Mtnh Quydt,gA, THCS Kim Dudng, Ong
Hda; B4c Li6ut NgryEn Thdnh Nhdn,9A, TTIPT thUc
htrnh Su pham, thi xt Bgc Li0u; Vinh Plclrdcz Trdn Vdn
Nam,8C, THCS D6ng ich, LSp Thach; YGnB6* Trdn
Binh Minh,gK, THCS If Hdng Phong, thi xa Yn
B6i; Bdc Giang: ThAn Thi HuA, 8C, THCS Ti6n
Phong, YOn Dung;

+ z(x6 +y6+26) - 1xay2+yaz2*zor') < Lgz

Dtng thric xtry ra
e (x2; y': z') e l(4: 4; 4) : (4; 4: o)
(4:0:4), (0; a; a))
<+ (.t; y: z) e l(x2; +2; t2) ; (t2; t2; 0)
(+2:0; +2); (0; 12:x2);

l*o1r'-y'1<o
lx'1xo-zn1 < o
ly4eyz-t) . yoz' < ,u

ri rnudc

1) Tr) gi6

n&

te| = -n*v} (1) suy ra BK

= a = BC. Tt dd hoflc K tn)ng vdi C nghia ltr

ZABC = 90o, hoic MCK can & dinh B nhung
di6u nly khOng xty ra do (2).
2) VOt gitr sil b > c gll thidt tro thanh
tez!
-2

=?.**hsp
b+c

vdi

(l)

c6

l5

GrAr BAr xi

rnuoc
Trdn Thi Nhu Nggc,8A, THCS Qu6n lDnh, Nghi t

Qc,

I2 Qudc DO, 9A, TIICS t, H6ng Phong, Hung

-@-c)(btc) = nr( = bz - c2.
-!E(b+c)z
(b + c)2
Nguyn; Hi Tinh: Thdi Tudn Anh,9A, THCS Phan
uai u,a. AP = at{ + cz nen AI{ = b2 = Huy Chri, Thach HI; Gia Lai: DSng Thanh Nhdn,1ll,
H6, Pl0yku; Kon Tum: NguyAn Lwrtg
eC. md6 hoac K trDng vdi C ngtria ld IABC THCS Bidn '1A,
Tum; Phti Y0n:
T11
= 90o, hoac MCK cln 0 dinh A nhtmg didu
niy khOng xtry ra do (2).
Cdch 2. Gil sir dulng trOn t6m l b6n kinh r
nQi tidp MBC. KC 1E]-ACthi

AIEr_pr_S

'bZ AE p-a= p(p-a)

IO-=-=-

p(p-a)

VIETHAI

(3)

l)

Tri

Aa vl (3) suy ra
I = -D+C
a' o' - (b-r)'

tg;

(b+c)z
R[t gon ta dx)c
lbz-czl.

'

-Iu

do suy ra

(b+c)z

chuy0n Kon
ThDy Vin,
Hu)nh Viflt Linh,9C, TTICS Luong Thd Vinh, Tx Tuy
Hda; Khr{nh Hint Trdn Minh Binh, Ngwy4n Minh
Chdu,9ll5, THCS ThAi Nguy0n, Nha Trang; Tp H6
Chi Minh: Nguy1n Hodng Hin, 9120, THCS Hdng
Blng; Bqc Liiluz Nguy4n Thdnh Nhdn,9,{, THCS thuc
htrnh Tx Bac Li0u

a2'

ao = (bz - ,2)z hay az =

MBC vu6ng 0 B hoac C.

,A lb-c'
Drntgz,a='ffi vl (3) suy ra

lb-ct d-(u-c)z

b.r= (b+dr_t'

BAi T5/275. Cho tam gidc ABC cd dipn tich

S vd BC = a. Trn cqnh BC ldy didm D sao

,no

= k. T{nh din tich tam gidc cd cdc

ff

dfnh ld tfun dwdng trdn nSoei tidp cdc tam gidc

ABC, ABD, ACD theo a, k, S.

Ldi gi6i. . Git stl k > 1 vb c6c g6c B, C

nhqn. Gqi O, Oy Oz ld tam cAc. du0ng trOn
ngoai tidp tam giflc ABC, ABD, ACD tuottg
ung. Suy rL OOt L AB vd MA = MB,
OOz L AC vd NA = NC. Do OrMBE nQi tidP
nlr IOO/ = ZABH.

Rft

ggn ta duqc
(a2 - (lbz
r'111b+r+ lb-cl) = o.
Do b+c + lb-cl > 0 nen c6 a2 - lbz * czl = o.
Tt dO suy ra LABC wOng & B ho{c C.

Nhgn x6L l. Rdt nhi6u ban bidn ddi qu6 dii hoic
srl dung ctrc cOng thric h:qng gi6c b6c TIIPT (!). MOt
sd ban cho rlng gift thi6t & dC bhi ltr didu kign chn vtr
dri, didu ntry khOng dring vi d6 dlng chrlng td rtng g6c
A nhgn. C6 ban sri dung ddng thdi cA 2 didu kiQn gitr
thi6t (qu6 manirl Ad chring minh MBC vu0ng 0 I
hoic C. Kh0ng it b7n ch(mg minh duqc BK = BC suy

ra ngay K trirng vdi C, chri y rhng ktri MCI( cOn 0

dinh B mtr kh0ng giA srl D > c thi suy ra M.[lC vuOng

&c.
2. C6cban sau dty c6 ldi giAi dring vtr ggn hon :
Yn B6i: Trdn Binh Minh, 9K, THCS L0 Hdng
Phong, Tx YOn Bii; Phri Thq: BDi Quang Nha, Dinh
Thdi son,gc, THCS Vigt Tri; Vinh Phriq Kin Dinh
Trwhng,8B, THCS Yn Lac, Hodng Minh Hdi, 9C,
THCS Tam Dlo, Tam Duong ; Nam Dinhz Dd Thi

Hdi Ydn,gB, THCS Hli H0u; Hrii Drrrng: E6 Quang

Trung, Va Hdng Minh,98, THCS Nguyn Trti, Tp
Hhi Drxng; Hn NQi: Nguy1n AnhTOn,9T, THCS NgO
Si Lien, Vfr Sudc My,9I{, THCS Tnmg Vutmg; NghQ
Anz 12 Vdn Eftc,gD, THCS Bdn Thriy, Yirfi, Phgm
Thdi Khdnh HiQp,9B, THCS Ddng Thai Mai, Vinh,

16

TU d6

LOOI a MBH nAn

OOt= OI

*{'AH

Ta lai cd

(1)

BC-BD

ZQE+EB\-LEB
OI=PE=
=
Z
Tr)

git thidt

,o = h,.Do

suy

d6

,u*=
CD

oI =

Z =

CD
z

k + 1 nOn

ffi.

Cing vdi (1)

crAr BAr xi rnuroc

suy ra

OOt-

AB

(2)

2(k+1)' AH

Twng tg

oo2=oK*&=ffi"#

(3)

Xet hai tam gi6c vu6ng OzOQ vtr BAR c6

ZO2OO = I BAR (do AMON ltr trl gi6c nQi
tidp). Do vQy LO2OQ cn LBAR. Suy ra
O"O =

Tt

oo"=8
.AB

(2), (3) vn (4) ta

c6

soo,or=Lor, x oo1=

KT

(4)

*oorxBfr, oor

Tac6lHn3l = 4*r.
(Kf hiQu lAl ln sdphin tu cria tfp hqpA).
Ta chring minh bd ,dd rrOn bing quy nap
todn hpc theo n.

Ki n= 0 thi Ho,k = {kI, lHo,kl - t = 4

kh6ng dinh dring.

(n-l), n2 7.
Bo
w
B, ... w81,,
=
trong d6 (xo, x1, ..., xn) e B, ndu x, = f. Theo
Gi6 sfr khing dinh da dring ddn

Xdt phAn hopch

quy npp ta c6

lBjl = l[n-r,k-jl = Ci*!*r-i V,t = 0,

Dtng cOng thtlc

C;t +C*=

BRAC

8(k+1)z AII

zs

tac6lHn,ol =

kaa

Phqm Thdflh Trung, 9A, Nguy6n Trai; Bdc Ninh:

D(ng Thdnh Inng,9A, THCS Yn Phong; HA NOi: V,
Qudc My,gH, THCS Trung Vuong; Nghg An. Phan
Trung KiAn,9C, THCS Nam Dtrn, Vo Vdn Thnnh,9B,
THCS D[ng Thai Mai, Vinh; Kon Tumt Nguy4n

l,wng fhily ViCn, 7A, THCS chuyOn Kon Tum;

Khinh Hdar Trdn Minh Binh, S11 THCS Th6i
Nguy0n; Ddng Nai: Ddo Thi Phwng Tuydn, 8/3
THCS NguyEn Binh Khim.

v0Kr\4THtry
BeiT6/275.Khai trin
f(x) = (t + x + xz +... + xlooo,;looo
dwgc da th*c
f(x) = ao + aLx + a2x2+ ... + aroa. xto6
Tinh S --

ao*

aL + az + ... + alooo.

Ld,i gi6i. (cria nhi6u ban)

Tnxic hdt chring ta chring minh kdt qu6
sau

Bd ald : Cho hai sd tu nhi0n n, k. Xt t}p

hqrp

Hn,k= l(xo,

xy

x)l

...,

xo+ xL + ... + xn= kl

xo, x1, ...,

e N,

\- r.z-l
m/ --.Luwl+k-j
'/=0

=y
la

,o'(4*-'

nhu trOn.
Nh$n x6t. Giei r0r bhi nly c6 cic ban Phri Thd:
Hodng Ngpc Minh,9C, THCS Vier Td, Hii Drrong:

..., k.

j=o

8(k+1)z (zs/a)z t6S(k+t)2

o Khi /r < 1 vtr B holc C tri v6n c6 kdt qu6

l,

Lm+l

-....-...'....-..-.-.---.--A-

kl

Hn,k

- 4-*o-1)

= Q+*(dpcm).
Tr0 lai bLi to6n cria chring ta & dang tdng
quflt sau : m, n e N khai tridn
flx) =(1 + -r + I + ... + {)"*l
dugc dathtrc
flx) = ao* a1x + ... + am@+t)ln(n+r)
Vidt cu thd khai fti6n criaflx) ta c6

ai = lHn,1l = Cl*iVi= 0, 1,...,ftl

(lH",l > a,nui2m+l
N6i riOng

ao+

ar+ ... +

o^=j *,
F0

_\-/rr+lur+l+i _
Ln+i
un+l+^.
- f-n+l\_ra+l
- L\
)-o'
Bli todn cria chring ta lA ffulng hqp n+l
rn = 1000, do d6 S = Ci333.

Nhdn x6t l) C6 47 ban g&i ldi giAi rdi Tda soan.

Hdu h6t cdc ban gi6i dring.
2) Hoan nghOnh cdc ban hgc sinh ldp 10 sau dn c6
ldi giAi tdt :

Lio Cai: NgryAn Qudc Tudn,

10A, THPT Lio

Cai ; Hn NQi: Va Ngpc Minh, 1041, DHSP Ha NOi,

NguyAnTudn Duong,l0 A To6n, DHKI{TN-DHQG ;

t7

crAr BAr

Hii Dmng: Ngl Xudn Bdch,

THPT Nguy6n

Trti;

Vfr Xudn Nam, l0T,

Nam Dinh: Phqm Dinh Ginp,

10T, TIIPT L0 H6ng Phong; Thanh H6a: Nguy1n

Viet Hd, 10T, THPT Lam Son; TP H6 Chi Minh:
Trdn Quang,l0T, PTNK, DHQG.
NGUYENMINHDOC

Bliri'171275. Vhi nhtng sd a (a > I ) ndo thi

f <dvdimpix> I

Ldri gif,i. (Cria da sd c6c ban)

Vdi x > 1 thi.r" < d e alnx <

Tilng,l2A, DHKHTN, Vfr Ngac Minh,l0Al, DHSP;

Duy Erh, llAT, Nguy4n Thha
Thdng,1lT, TIIPT chuy0n; Nghp An: NguyZn Dinh
Trung, llT, NguyZn Dftc Tntung, l1A, DHSP Vinh;
Gia Lai: Hodng Vi Quang, 11C3, THPT Hing Vuong;
Quing Trit L Anh Tudn, llT, Bgch NSOc Cdng Dk,
12T, THPT chuyOn; Thanh H6at Hodng Minh Tidn,
118, THPT Bim Son, Phan Vdn Tidn, l2T, Mai Vdn
Hd, lOT, Nguy4n Nam Thdi, lZF, Lan Son, Nguy1n

Hi Tinh: Nguy4n

Vdn Trung, I 1A1, THPT HOu LOc 1; Phri Thg: Hodng

Nggc Minh,9C, THPT Viet Td, Nguyn Hipp, l2A,
Trdn Hdi Minh, llA2, TIIPT chuyn Ht)ng Vuong;
Vinh Phrie Nguy4n Hodi Vfi, l}AL, I2 Mqnh Hilng,
Nguy4n Vdn Gidp, LlA, D6 Mgnh Tilng, llA3, 12
Khdnh Hilng, 12A3, Tnnrtg Thi Hdi Drqn, l2AL, Tq

xlla

<+flx) <fla) vfiifl,r) = E, x> 1.

x
Ta c6

ri rnudc

1-lnr
f'(x) = 1-#,f'(x) = 0 khi x = e.

Nhfln x6t ring/'(r) > 0 khi 1 < x < e vd

'(x)
< 0 khi.r > e nlnJ(x) <fle) vft mQi 1 <.r
f
* e. Suy ra, ndu I < a * e th\ fla) < fle), khOng
th6a man diOu kiQn bhi ra. VAy a = e ld gi6 tri
cin tim.

Vifi TAn, l2CT, Duong Hd Phrt, l2Al, Trinh Anh

Tudn, 12A3, LA Quang Hung, l2Al, TIIPT chuyn;
Bic Ninh: Nguy1n Minh Thu, 12T chuyOn, NgryZn
Vdn Tidn, 12A1, TIIPT Luong TLi, Nguy1n Huy ViQt,
21A1, THPT Gia Binh ; Ddc Ldc: Nguy1n Th! Hbng
Hqnh, llCT, Phqm Thi Thrly lldng, 11CT TI{PT
chuyOn Nguy6n Du; Yn Bd,iz Lltc Tri TuyAn, llA1,
Nguy4n ViQt Hdng, LIAL, Trdn Vit Yrt, 1242, TIIPT
chuyOn.

Nh{n x6t. C6c ban sau ddy cO tOi giii tdt.

Binh Thu$nr Thi|u Quang Trung, llAG, TIIPT

Trdn Hung Dao; [Ia Giang: Nguy1n Kim Cwong, llT,

THPT chuyOn; Bic Giangt Nguy1n Trpng Cudng,
12C, TIIPT Hipp H0a, Chu Mqnh Dang, llA, NgA

ll{,
llT
ll

TTIPT NgO Si Li0n; Ninh Binh:

Quang Vinh,
Phdm Arth Tudn,
chuyOn; Quing Bintu l,nu
chuyOn ; Tp Hd Chf Minh t Trdn
Quang Tudn,
Anh Hodng, Trdn Quang, lOT, llm Hodng NguyAn,
Trdn Thtryng Vdn Du, Hu)nh Thin _Phric, Nguy4n
Dinh Hodng,11T, DHKHTN, Hu)nh Au Vdn, Nguy\n
Vdn Thdng, l}CT, Vo Vdn Dtu, NguyAn Ngpc Anh,
Trdn Dtu Mqnh, Nguy1n Vdn Thdng, llT, Tg Quang
Cbng,l2T, THPT chuyOn [,0 Hdng Phong; Di Ning:
Cao Thanh Tinh, l2T, THCB Cao Llnh; Nam Dinh:
Bili Vdn Tilng, llB, TIIPT Trin NhAt DuAL Hodng

Vdn Giang, 10T, Phgm Dinh Cdp, l0T, LA Hdng

Phong, Trwng Chng Khdnh,12A, THPT TOng V[n
Trdn, Philng Dgi Din,9CT, TIIPT Nguyn Du; Hi
Tnyz Vfr Tidn Dang, 11A1, TI{PT Ddng Quan, Luong
Trung Kin, 12A10, THPT Phri Xuy0n A, Nguy1n Hffit
QuyAn,11A4, THCS Dan Phuqng; HiiDvongr Trdn
Quang Khdi, llB, Nguy4n Vdn Dinh,l lB3, TTIPT Nhi

chidu, Kinh MOn,

Id

Minh Hodng, Vfr Xudn

Nam,

NguyZn Tidn Vit Hung, 1 1T, Chu Ngqc Htmg, lUl, 12

Hdi Ydn, l0T, Dodn Vdn Vfr,11A5, Ngd'Xudn Bdch,
IOT, Nguy1n Thdnh Phwng, Bili Dny Thinh, Nguydn
Phrnng Thho, llT, THPT chuyOn Nguyn Trai.
Ndi: Ddo Tudn Son, NguyZn HodngThqch,lW, DAng

t{i

Ngp" Minh, 1lT,

l2 Hdi Binh, t2T, TIIPT

ll/J,

Amsterdarn, Phan Nhdt Thdng,11A1, PTDL TOn Dtrc

Trdn Tdt Dqt, l2BT,
Thdng, Phqn Thi Nhung,

Nguy4n Quang Hai, Nguydn Tudn Duortg 10AT'

Nguy1n KinThanh,10B, Ngd Qudc
18

Anh,llA'

Hodng

NGUYENVANMAU

Bdi TBl275" Tim gid

ti nh| nhdt cria

hdm sd

f(x) = cos4x + sinzx + cosxsinx

Ldti girii.

, I + coslx,2 1 - cos2r sir0y"

*

l\x)=( 2 )*

I coszzx 1
4422
str:fzx

=--+-+l
42
D{t t =

sin2x,

11. DE thdy

dat dugc khi , =

<+, =

Nh{n x6L

sin2x

-l < t < 1. Bei toin quy vd

sQ)

-i.l+ t tren

gi6 tri nh6 nhdt

-1

-1*,*.(k
4

sin2.r

tim gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cria

t-1;

<+ sin2.x =

li g(-t; = 14

-l

nguyOn)

TOa soan nhAn dugc rdt nniu

&u

cria

toAn nay. Tdt c[ d0u gitri

gi6 t{ ldn nhdt criahdm sd
x6t
nhfln
:
MQt
sdban
tlfng.

c6c ban tham gia gitri

bli

g(l) = a. xin neu ten mOt sd bnn trong sd c6c

ban c6 ldi giAi t(5t : Nguy4n Thi Hoa, 11AT, H6ng
ren

IA

Quang,

Hii

Duung; Dodn Edng Khoa,

ll

To6n, Ti0n

Giang, Vo Vilt Hdn, 11G, Hai Llng, Quing Tri'

Phqm kth Tudn, llT, Ninh Binh, Nguy4n DiQp

crAr BAr
Qr$nh,9A, Nam Sdch, Hii Duong; Nguydn 12 Hdng
DiAm, 1OT, chuyOn ban D6ng Thip, Nguyhn Qudc

Tudn, l0A, Lho Cai; Phgm Vdn Hoanh, l2A, Quing

Nam,lnr ThlThfiy,11 To6n, THPT Hoing Vtrn Thrl,
Hda Binh, TA Thi Lien, l}G, Tn;c Ninh, Nam Dinh,
Nguy4n Ch{Thdtth,10T, An Giang.

DANGHtTNGmANc
BEri T91275. Cho tam gidc ABC vhi cdc
dadng phdn gidc trong AA', BB', CC'. Tam
gidc ABC ngoqi tidp dadng trdn ffim I, bdn
kinh r vd nQi tidp dadng trdn tAm O bdn kinh
R. Goi Q ld tdm dwdng tr\n bdng tidp gdc A
cfia tam gidc ABC. Chthng minh rdng :

- #g
I ddn B'C'.
1)

2)

IK

IA'

,ronr dd IK ld khodng cdch ttt

IB' +

(i)

IC'>

6ril-5
' llR+2r ,r,

ri rnudc
Dpg /"/ I AB 0 J vd, IK L B'C' 0 K, ta se
chfng minh ring : NJKcn LOOS. ThQt vfly,
IJC'K vd, CC'PS ltr nhrrng dr gi6c nQi tidp nOn
tac6: ZIKI = ICC'B = IOSQ .
Lai dung QE L AB 0 E, QF L AC 0 Fvh
OM L 8E 0 M, ON L QF ONrhdthi ta c6 :
(2)
ZB'AC'= ZCAB = INOM
DAt BC -- a, CA = b, AB = c, a+b+c = 2p

D6 thdy : AE = AF =

OM = PE =

p.Tt

d6 suy ra

'r'9z=o*bz'

vi:oN=o-L-c+a
--'-" r 2 2'
Theo tinh chdt
tinh dugc

dtlng ph0n gi6c,

AB'=b,
c+a'

'

Tt

dE ding

eC'=J\.
a+b

. AB'
d6 ta duoc
'

(4)

AC'-a+b
c+a

Tri (2), (3) vI (4) ta du,gc

LAB'C'<r'

LOMN

Tt) d6 suy ra : IAC'B' =

(do OMQN Ii tri gitic nQi

(5)

IONM = ZOQM

tidp)

(6)

M4t kh6c, EOCC'lI hi gi6c nQi tidp nOn ta

(7)
dtrgc : IAC'C = ZCQE=

ZSQM

Tt) (6) vI,(7) suy ra

ISQO = ZIC'K = ZIJK (do tti gific IJC'K

(8)

nQi tidp)

fi

vI (8) ta suy ra
NJKa LOOS. Tt d6 ta duo.c :
Cudi ctng,

IK IJ

o.t oQ
-

Gqi

C'A',

a
Lcri gitii. (Dua theo Hodng Ngpc Minh,9C,
THCS Viet Tri, Phri Thq)
1) Gqi ,S vi ,S' ldn lugt ltr trung didm cung
ACB vb, cung AB khOng chf'a C, thd thi ,S,S' di
qua O vl SO L AB 0 trung didm P cfla c4nh
AB, CS' lI du0ng ph6n gi6c ctn ZACB nOn di
qua C'. Tt) d6 du0ng phfln gi6c ngoli CQ crla
g6c ZACB di qua,S.

(1)

1l\ =

OS.IJ Rr
o8=-o8

(li

IL, ITldn lrrgt la khotng cfch tr) /

ddn

A?.

Chring minh ttnmg tU nhu ften ta

cUng thu dugc cdc he thtrc trrong ttJ nhu (i).
Gqi do, ds, dsldn luqt ln khof,ng cich tr) O dn
t0m dudmg trOn blng tidp cdc g6c A, B, C cfia
tam gi6c ABC;th thi ta dugc cdc hQ thric sau :

IK=A.L=9vh.IT=A.
dA'

dB

dc

D Ap qrng BDT EcdOso, trong tam gi6c

A'B'C'ta c6 :
IA' + IB' + IC'> 2(IK + IL + II)

=zR{+.+*+)
\d, dB dr)
19

crAr BAr xi
Ddu ding thric x1y ra khi vtr chi khi tam
gilc A'B'C'ld ddu nhfln 1ltrm'trgng tim.
Theo BDT Bunhiac6pxki, ta duo.c :
3(rtA +

Tri d6

8, *

> (de + d, + dr)2

*r*

: do+ dr* dc<lXfo*

Str dqng c6c cOng thric Ole

ra+ rb * r, = {ft+1
thrlc :

dl

taOo>

bit vtr

hQ

&=n2+2Rro

&=n2+2Rr6

vi

C)duqc

Blhi TlAnTS.TrAn mfi phdng P cho dudng

trdn daMS kinh AB. Ldy didm c ran fia AB
sao cho AC = 2AB. M\t dadng thdng qua C
cdt dwdng trdn tei M vd N. Dltng didm D sao
cho DB = AB vd DB vu1ng gdc vhi m(t phdng

Ld'i giii. (cria ban T0 Minh Hodng, 1lT,

THNK Htii Duong)

* 8a + &r=3R2 +ZR(ro+16*rs)=

+ 2R(4R+r) = 11R2 + 2Rr

Tri (10) vI (11) ta duu.c :
do+ du + dc<
I

(11)

3R2

tffiTznr

Mf,t kh6c,l4i c6
(do+ d, * dr)

Vi

NGUYENDANGPHAT

d'L=fr+ZRr,
(trong d6 ro, 16, r, ldn lu$ le bfln kinh
rto

Phan BQi Ch0u, thdnh ph6 Vinh; Tp.Hd Chi Minh:

Nguyn Vdn Thdng, l0CT, THPT tE Hdng Phong

sinzlBDM + sinzBDN =+

dndng tr0n beng ttp.ctc g6c A, A

rnudc

(t2)

(;. h. *1r-,

do d6, tri (12) ve (13) suy ra

111

(13)

-+-+->
do' dn' dc-

(14)

Tac6:
CM.CN=CB.CA=2C82
= CBZ+DBZ = CDz
CM CD
CD CN

Cudi ctng ft (9) vI (14) ta thu duo.c BDT

(ii) cin tim. Ddu ding thric xby ra trong tdt ce
c6c hQ thric tren khi vtr chi kni ABCld, tam gi6c
oeu.

Nh{n x6t l) Trong ldi gili phdn 1) cria btri todn,

nhi6u ban sri dqng cac he thfc luqng gi6c, bi6n ddi
phrlc tap v) cdng k8nh. Duy c6 ban Minh chi srl dqng
kidn thrrc hinh hOc THCS cUng thidt Iflp dugc hP thft
(i) nhu dt neu trong ldi giti tren. Mot sd it ban kh6c srl
dung dinh li hlm sO sin trong tam gi6c cung tlridt lftp
duqc hQ thrlc (0 mQt c6ch nhanh ch6ng (chfrng hqn,
b4n Nguy6n Thanh IIAi, 11A1, TI{PT chuyOn Vinh
Phric)

\ Ini gfttt phAn 2) ddi h6i cdc ban phtri bi6t sri
dung BDT 6cd0so trong tam gi6c. Tuy nhiOn da sd c6c
ban ddu srl dqng ctrc h thrlc dl thu dtrgc trong bf,i todn
T9l27l, kdt qu6 bidn ddi ttl:dng cdng kdnh, khong thtt
gQn'

3) Ngoli hai ban nOu trOn, c6c ban sau dty c6 ldi
gitri twng ddi t0t : Bdc Ninh: Nguyhn Thd Thtiy, Tll,
THPTNK Hln Thuy0n, Bdc Ninh; Nam Dinh: Hodng
Vdn Giang, 10 To6n, TI{PT I,0 Hdng Phong, Nam
Dinh; NghQ An: LA Xudn Hilng,lOA5, NguyAn Trpng

Tdi, 10A5, Phgm Vdn Tudn, 10A2, THPT

20

chuyOn

CD Drt CDz
' MD
DN CN DI,F Clf
DtvP zC*
--

" =
DM

CN'"
Ta c6 : LCMB a A,CAN
CB BM
- =-NA
= CN
Tir (1); (2) suy ra :
DI,f zBki2 BIY(

rn2

DN' AM DM
-=
vay:
sinz1BDM

sinztBDN =

\21

AI\tz

2Drt

.
4
DM' 4
DM

A]'f

BI\P

Atf + 2atl

2D1\F,

DI,P

2Dfr

f--

\r,,

erAr sAr

_@I'?

t*

+atf1+atf

zDpgo?

ntf

zoxP
Nh{n x6t.

alf ot'f
zofi
zofi+

Do d6 d cdc ddn s6ng binh thrdng, khOng

thd m6c ndi tidp c6c d0n. Suy ra phti c6 1, >
Iur+ I*= 0,9A Utn= 24 - 6Ir < 18,6V

n)y

vdi c6c c6ch gitri kh6c nhau, tdt

Z) Ctrcban sau dAy c6 ldi

gili

Uea

Ito=

10 + 8 = 18(V) (phuong trn a),

hoirc Uou= 10(V) (phucrng 6n b),

1) Nhi6u ban tham gia gili bii to6n

cA d6u giti dring.

x'irnuoc

Yinh Phric NgryAn Xudn Trudng, 10A, TIIPT

chuyOn Vinh Phric; Hda Binh: Nguy1n Thdi Ngpc,
10T, TIIPTNK Hohng VIn Thu; Hii Duung: D6 Thi

(D rl I Dzl I

Phdng: Ddng Phuong Thdo,10T, THPTNK Trdn

Pht; Hi Tinh: 1? Khdnh Hung, llA, TIIPT Minh
Khtri; Thanh H6az Hd Xudn Gidp,10T, TIIPT Lam
Son; tli Ndi: V[ Qudc My,gH, THCS Tnmg Vuong,
Nguy4n Hodng Thgch, 10T, TI{PT HA NOi

R3=

Ri

nt (Dr/ I R.r) ;

Ib- Iil-

10

100f), vd

0,1

Id2

ud3

Iu- Iat=-0,25 = 32Q

Vdi phuong 6n b, mdc nhu sau :

(D tl I D zl / (D 3ntRr) / / R ) ; khi d6

Amsterdarn

NGUYftNMINHHA

Cd cdc bdng ddn rdi : D; 10V-5W;

D2 : l0V-4W vd D3 : BV-6W. Hdy chi ra cdc
phuong dn mdc cdc bdng d\n trn vdo cum AB
dd chilng sdng binh thwdng (mdi phaong dn
phdi cd drt cd ba bdng d|n). T{nh cdc diQn trl
phu cd mfit trong cdc phuong dn d6.
Hrdng d6n gif,i. Vd nguyn tic c6 thd dd
ra nhidu phtrong 6n kh6c nhau vdi sd diQn tr&
phg du-o. c lga chgn mQt c6ch tuong img. 6 Cay
ta chi xdt cic phuong dn tdi uu (vdi sd dign trO
phU it nhdt, cdc dien tr& phu ntry c6 tr! sd hqp
li dd dtrm btro c@ng sudt tiou thu 0 c6c dien tro

Is=!X.

Uar

khi d6 Ra =

Ngpc Qu)nh, 10T, THPT chuy0n Nguy6n Trai; H:ii

R2

1A vd

Vdi phuong 6n a, mdc nhu sau :

tOt:

Bdi L11275. M|t dogn mqch AB gdm cd

ngudn (e, r) trong d6 e = 36V, r = lC-, cdc
di|n trd Rr = 8f); Rz
BQ mdc theo so dd
nha tAn hinh.
{-r)

R,=
R3=

uat

Iw- (Ia+ I*+ I*)

Uar-

Iil

Un

= 14,6f);

^
3--'

Nhf;n x6t. C6c ban c6 ldi gitri ggn vd dring :

NghQ An: Ddo Vinh Quang, 11A3, THPT Phan
BQi Ch6u, Vinh; Ti6n Giang: Trdn Tdn L\c, L2 Li,
THPT chuy0n Tidn Giang; Nam Dinh: Ngwy1n Ngpc

Tdn, llB, THPT Duy Ti0n A; Phri Tho: Vtl Qudc

Hny, llB (CL) chuyOn Hing Vuong; Ddng Nai: Irdn
Hnu Hiiu, l0 Li L TIIPT chuyOn Luong Thd Vinh;
Vinh Phric: THPT chuy0n Vinh Ph[c; Nguy4n Thd

Anng,l2A3,

Nguydn Minh KiAn,

l0AI
MAIANH

Bbi L2l27S. Cd hai thdu kinh hQi tqt L, vd

ddt cilng trryc chtnh cdch nhau 70cm. VAt
sdng AB dSt trudc L, (phta khOng cd Lr) ta
dwqc dnh A'B' ndm sau L, ldn gdp 6 ldn vAt
vd AA' = 370cm. (Hinh vc). Dfit thAm thdu
kinh Lrtqi Or(gifra Orvd O) cing trqc chtnh
vhi hai thdu kinh thn.

it nhdt).
,
Ki hiQu I, ltr cuOng dQ ddng diQn qua mgch

ph\r ltr

vi dien trO phu, ta c6 (xem hinh

v0) : /=.fr * 12; Utp-- IzRz= e - I(r + Rr). Suy
ta; (Jou= 24 - 6lr
gdm cdc dEn

Cudng d0 dinh mfc cria c6c dOn :

Iat=

= 0,5A;

In=0,4Ai

Ia:,=0,75A.

Vhi OrOz= 36cm thi dnh A'B' khang ddi.

o Vhi OtOz = 46 cm thi dnh A'B' ra m va
cilng.
21.

crAr eAr

HAi Opz bdng bao nhiAu thi d0 l6n dnh

A'B' khlng ddi klti AB tinh tidn trahc Lr.
Hutrng din gi6i : Khi chua df,t tr, so d6
tao inh :

Lr
AB-Apo-4'3'
dr
d'r

Theo dd bhi

L3

d3= O1o3

d't=70 -

otot=

3oo(cm);

ar-fr

-fifz

rt-= ^ --. . ...]

It- dt h- dt =6
g4d,
g4d,
Suv ra :.rrf, = -----l-' "d'.I =
- 60+d,
144*dr'
4700- t4d,

h= ,o*

(l)

Lt

L2
L3
AtBt-A282-A'B'
dr d'r d2 d'2 4

d,3

r Theo dC bei, khi OrOz = 36cm, Lnh A,B,

khong ddi
= t2 khong c6 tdc dung trong hQ,
nghia ltr A&o = AtBt : A2B, + d2 = d', = g .
khi d6 d' t = OrOz= 36cm =+ (theo (1))
dr= 45cm+fr= 20cm;fi = 30cm.
r Theo dA bei ldti OrOz= 46cm thi d', = m
+ dt=fi = 30cm, fl'r= OzOt- dt=

=
70-46-30=-6(cm);

d2= I

- fl'r=
d.,f,

U1-

'

da

-fz

ldt-

201

20dl

4-20

'

-lsldt+300/+300dr

tq-

sdt

ddt

- 201- 300 '

dl=l-d'2:d'3=
,1=k=" dt-ft
22

dtfi 20dl
dr-fi dt-20'

,.

Nh{n x6t. C6c ban c6 ldi gili ggn vd dring :

Yn Bdi t Hodng Anh Tdi, llA3, Ph(tm Hdng
Chtnh, LlAl, TIIPT chuyOn YOn B6i; Phri Yn: 1l
Nggc Thi1n, 11 Li, THPT Luong Vdn Chinh, Tuy
HOa; Ngh An; 12 Ngpc Tudn, l lA3, THPT Phan BOi
Chdu, Vinh; Tuyn Quang: Nguy4n Trung Hidu,
1182, THPT chuy0n Tuy0n Quang ; Phri Thq: Dfng
Minh Son, 114.7, THPT cOng nghiQp Vier Tri, y,
Qudc Huy, 118 (chuyn Ii), chuyOn Hnng Vugng ; Hn
Tinh: NguyAn Vdn Hidu, 12A, TI{PT H6ng Linh,
Hdng; Linh; Quing Tri; Trdn Viet Anh, 11 To6n,
trudng chuy0n te Qui DOn; Khdnh lIdat Trdn Hodng

1l Li, THPT tE Quy DOn, Nha Trang; euing

Ngdi: Dfiig Dinh ThuQn, 11 To5.n, chuyn tf Iftidt;

Qu,ing Namt Hodng Anh Vn, 117, TIIPT Trdn Cao
V6n, Tam Ki; Quing Binht Duong Dttc Anh, l0 Li,
THPT NK Qutng Binh; Tidn Giang: Trdn Tdn L\c,
12 Li, THPT chuyn Tidn Giang; Th6i Nguy0n: Va
Qudc ViQt, 10 Li, THPT chuyen Thdi Nguyn; Son
Laz Nguy4n Thdi Binh, ll Tofn 3, TIIPT NK Son La;
Tp Hd, Chi Minh: Hu)nh Thin Phfic,11T, PTNK ;
Ddng Nai: Trdn Hftu Hodng,1l Li l, THPT chuyOn
Luong Thd Vinh; Vinh Phrd,ct Nguydn Thd Cwng,
12A3, TI{PT chuyOn Vinh Phric

MAIANH

D6h dg*,TSP CHiTH&lr

,ZgO

Tqp chf s5 zeo s6 th0ng bao k6t qud cu6c

thi Vui hd 2000. NhrTng ban nAo s6 duo.c giii
thuong ? Gidi thi6u dri thi tuydn sinh m6n
Todn crta tuftng Dqi hgc Kinh t6 eu6c dAn Hd
NQi nam 2000, de thi frtympie-tbdn TNPTdilng
bdng sdnig Ctfu Long ndin..'.1'999,; Oe,tni
Olympic todn cda Ao vd Ba Lan.
Ng$i ra cdc bAn Cdn dugc lArn:quen vdi
;fht *f dien:t*;vA dtg:.gffi thiqu'vB tQp

dy= O1O2- d'r= 10 (cm)

dcd',

t7 . =-

- zof

DC A'B' c6 d0 ldn khong ddi, tric ta k

Thanh,

Khi dft thdm L2, so dd t4o 6nh

. Dtt OtOz= l,tac6

+ 2tooo + 800/

=+l= 10cm;hoac/=50cm.

i!L'

=-15(cm)
=fz=-:-.
02+A^2

909

khong ddi, khi vi tri AB thay ddi ph6i c6

d')

P, - M'
' dt-fi

= dr1t2-ao.-+lsoo)
f-au+5oo=o

dr+d'r= dr *

ri rnuoc

d'1d'2d'3

di&t

hqp md.
C0ng vdi vi6c d6n doc TH&TT s5 ZgO, cec
ban y6u thich c6 thd dlif mua thim Todn Tudi
thto dd d6n ufii mdt sdn chd mdt vd.nhiSu didu
od icn holc tqng'mlt ban nnd tudi nao ia.

.Thdng'10 l&

diu qqy lV, r&t.ahi6u

thd qu6n d{t mua tap chf dAy

b4n c6

THTT

Vfr

il$

9il(H,.,

('tidp rratts t1)

Bdi to6n tidp tutdn cua mQt dudng cong Vtfrc

ddy c6 c:6ch giii bing c6ch dtng nghiQm k6p cua
mQt phrrung trinh, nhtmg

khi hlm sd da

cho

khOng phii ld hdrr sd bflc hai thi cfch lim ay

khOng c6 co sd v0 mflt li thuydt, vfly se khdng
clto pltp st? dung plwong phdp nghiQnr kp n*a

phii ding phumg

ph6p dao him.

Phin nguyOn hdm vd tich ph0n dtryc vidt theo
quan didm coi rtguyAn hdm nha rnQt cbng ctrt dd
md

ttnh tklr phdn. Didu d6 c6 nghia lI cdc phrxxrg

phdp tinh nguy0n hdm s0 khOng du\rc nhdn manh
vir cdc cOng thrc tinh nguyOn hdm se c6 vai trd

chir ydu dd tim nguyOn hlm. ViPc dtng c:Ong

thric Newton - Leibniz trong chuorig trinh'I'HPT
dd. dlnh nghicL ticlt phAn xdc dinh td ra thich hop
vi n6 drm giin, chi ra ngay cfch tinh, vd hcrn nua,
vi tdt cl cdc him so duqc xdt ddn trong chr,rung
rinh THPT dOu 1i0n tgc vi do d6, c6 nguyOn
him trong donn idy tich ph0n. BOi vfly, ddi vdi
m6i tich phin iq thd, girio viOn nOn huong df,n
clro hec sirth cich kidm tra.rem hdm sd du'1i ddu
tich plfin cd ilAn Utc trong, do<tn Mi' tich plfin
Itcty klt6tts. Ngotri ra, cin chf y rdng cl.c lttun sd
laong gidc tlglrqc klfing cdn cd trong chucrng
trinh nira, nn tdt nhi0n s0 khOng c6 c6c bii tnp
tinh cfch tic:h phdn mi phli ding dOn chfng.
Cudi cing, c6c bdi tflp vd bat dang thric tich ph0n
s, rdt han ch{ cL vd sd lugng bAi tap l6n mric dQ
yu cdu; cdn loai bAi Qp tinh tdng vO hnn bing
phucnrg phlp tich ph6n thi bt loqi bd lrcdn t0dt1.

vt uixH Hec.
Hinh hoc 10 Vfln dgng vecto dd giti to6n
hinh hgc ld mQt noi dung rdt hay, c6 tinh rbn
luy0n tu duy tOt, nhrmg cring rit kh6 vd mdt
nhiOu thdi gian, do d6 trong s6ch m5'i khOng dd
cao yOu cAu niy. Vecto trong HH10 c6 vai trd ltr
ddi tugng nghiOn cfu nhiOu hon ld cOng cg
irghiOn criu. N6i kh6c di, cdc bii tflp v0 dung
vecto dd gili to6n hinh hoc s0 chi cdn rdt hqn
cltd.

Vdn dd vfln dqng c6c hQ thric lugng trong c6c

hinh dd giti tam gi6c vd gili c6c btri todn thgc.td
dugc coi trong hon nhim tdng cudng nhung ydu
td thUc htrnh. YOu ciu vd c6c php bidn hinh
ffong mflt phtng, mQt vdn d0 kh6 khOng nh0ng
ddi vdi ngrdi hoc md cdn ddi vrli cl ngwi da,y,
ld khOng di s0u vdo c6c vfn dd qud truu tugng
md di thdng vdo citc phdp bidn hinh cg thd, b0
quakjnhi niQm tich c6c phdp bidn hinh tuy c6 n6i
tdi vipc thW hien liOn tidp hai ph6p bidn hinh.
C6c bhi tflp cflng clti tQp truig vtto vigc nhfln bidt
c6c ph6p bidn hinh md, kh1ng yAu cdu cao vd vln
drJng bidn hinh trong gi[i tofn hinh hgc.

Hinh hgc 11 duqc ddnh cho hinh khOng gian.

nghiOn crlu theo phurng ph6p truydn thOng. Hinh
hrTc khOng gian duqc xiy dlmg theo phurmg
chdm don gidn, co bdn vd tdng cltMg cdc t,du td
thuc hinlt. Dd ltrm didu d6, trong sdch chi nOu 4
tien d0 thay viec neu 6 tion Od" ntru tnl(lc day.
Dd trann nhrl'ng rdc rdi cho hgc sinh khi mdi ldm
quen vdi hinh hgc khOng gian, dx klfing dLru ro
c6c quy udc vd dpg hinh trong khOng gian vir
thuflf ngrr dtmg thidt diAn dtwc thay the bdi thuat
ngrl dfng hon lh xdc dinh thidt diAn.
vdi viec gi1i thieu dinh li Talet fiw mQt bli
rap, kh6 nhidu bdl fip kh6 bi loqi bb, nh{t th mot
so bli tXp vd quy tich.
Hinh da diQn vtr klioi da diQn cung duqc gi6i
thiQu khd don gidn, thd hien rong vigc xiy drpig
khfi niQm vtr cOng thfc tinh thd tich cria cfc khoi
da diqn; chi chimg minh cOng thlrc tinh thd tich
cria khdi hQp chu nhtt vdi cdc kich thudc nguyOn
dtrirng, tri d6 suy ra ho{c thria nhin cdc cOn-c
thric khic. Di0u quan trgng li hec sinh plttLi nh1
vtt bidt ctlch vQn tfuing cilc cOng thric dy vdo giii
cac bdi lap cU lhe.

vi kh(ii lrdrt xoay curtg

gi6i thiQu trOn tinh thiin dort giLln dd ,t{t'
dung. Phxong phrlp khai tridn mit xung quanh
C6c hinh trdn xoay

drxTc

v[ ninh n6n c:ong daoc st? dtlng dd.

minh hga cho cOng thric tinh diQn tich xung

ctra hinlr tru

quanh cfra chring.

c) Hinh hoc 12 gdm hai phdn : phuong phSp
tAa dQ phing vi phuung phfp tga dQ trong khOng
gian.
Do sU tumg tU nhu trong hinh hgc ph&ng, vdn
d0 vecto trong khOng gian chi di.ryc gihi thieu
nQt cdch so lxqc vdi mgc dich phqc vU cho
phucrng ph6p tqa dQ trong khOng gian-nOn.khOng

t6bh thdnh mQt chucrng riOng

mi gdn lin vdi

phdn phucmg phlp tga dQ trong khOng gian. ViQc

sfr dung vectu dd gitri tofn hinh hqc khOng gian

ctng k"hAng yAu cdu cao rhu trunc t10y. V"d; d0

dinh thfc cdp ba vd kh6i niQm tich h6n t4p cira

ba vecto

ctngbi

loefi b0.

Trong phin phuung phdp tqa clQ phing, tlinh

li v0 di6u kiQn dd mQt duong thing ti6p x[c vdi
mQt elip, mQt hypebol hay mQt parabol tnttrc day
chua dugc chf y, nay dugc phdt bidu vd chilng
minh chdt cha ldm co s0 cho hqc sinh vfln dgng
vtro bLi mp. Trong khi d6, mOt s0 cOng thric phric
tpp cia phuong phdqtga dQ trong khOng gian thi
daqc tinh gidn ', chlng h1n nhu c6c cOng thric
dalg dinh thric cira : di6u kiQn dd ba vecto ddng
phdng, diQn tfch tam gi6c, khotrng cfch tri mqrt
dim ddn mQt dtrlng thlng, khoing cfch girra hai
dudng ch6o nhau. Tuy nhiOn c6c cOng thfc nly
v6n dugc gidi thiQu 0'dnng kh6c, don gitn vh d6
vfln dung hon.
N6i chung SGKTCLHN se d6p fng dtryc c5c
yOu cdu vd kidn thfc, ki nang cho hec sinh THPT
nhfng ndm tdi tndc khi c6 s6ch thi diem trung
hgc ph0n ban mdi.

TAI SAII tAI IHE ?

Chua bao gid

c6 m6t sti

lai

ii\;';:x:,;:

qAP NHAU QUA NqAY srNlJ

ph(c mrmg,tdt ci c6c ban nh6n dip n6m hoc moi ! May
mln tin niy dOn v0i clc ban sinh ngAy 9 th6ng 10.
1) Trryng Th1 Miy, nlm sinh ?, l6p 11B:, trwng THPT
Nhi Chi0u. Kinh M0n. Hdi Duong.
D Nguy\n Thanh Ting, sinh nlm 1985, 423, TrIn Nh0n
TOng, Ki0n An, HAi
\
3) Hoing NguyAn Bio Trim, sinlr n6m 1984, 195, Trdn
Hmg D4o, thi x6 Kon Tum, Kon Tum.
$ NguyAn Vin Anh, sinh nlm 1982, ldp 12A1, THPT
Xutn Mai, Chuong M!, Hh Tiy.
5) Pham Dung, sinh nlm 1983, l6p 1lF, THPT chuy0n
Hr)ng Vuomg. Viet Td, Phri Tho

Phdng. \

6\

An Quy. sinh nlm

,Nguyn

1985, 16 Nguy0n

Khuy0n. NgO Quy0n. Hlt Phdng

7) Dinh Ngqc Thing, sinh nlm 1985, 9A, THCS Dan

Chiu Phong, Xudn Hda, M0 Linh, Vinh Phrlc
C6c ban thich ngiy sinh nIy li :

l6p

l)

Nguyln

Vdn Dfing,12A4, THPTCB Dan Phuqng,

HhTdy.

2) Eing Tin Cmrng, D0ng Ti0n, Phuong Drc,

Phri

Xuy0n, Hh T0y.

3) Phan Nguyn Minh LuAn,9A, THPT BOn Tre (03,

drrong 3-2, phuung

II,

BOn Tre).

IrrJng

,'[tlt

-rl_?-

dodn b6nh d6n thi5 I

Cdc bdc sI cAp THCS
hlnh nhu gdn gIi voi c5n b6nh
niry hon. Sai ldm cta loi gidi chinh lA 6 ldp luAn .A
dat. gi6 tri ldn nhAt th) (x+1)2 - 4 d_41gi6 tri nh6
nhAt". Di6u niry chi dUng khi ttl vir mAu cria A cUng
duong mA tr? la hing s6 nhu A

. M6t s5
!
= *^+2x+3

kh6ng co gid
---l"
* +2x- 3
tri l6n nh6t. C6c ban THPT c6 thd thAy limA - +cc.

bqn nhqn x6t dung la A =

x+

1-

Cdc ban THCS c6 thd thAy khi x = 1 + o voi cr > 0

1

= at+4u n6n cr cang nh6 thi A cdng lon vir

- nhi6u c0ng duoc (!).
l6n hon bao
C6c bqn chdn do6n tOt va grli baivA som hon li

thi A

Phing Vdn Doanh, l 1 To6n - Trn, THPT chuy6n L6

H6ng Phong, Nam Dinh, Nguydn H6 Hodi Dxc,lhi
trAn Th6i Ldo, Hung Nguy6n, NghQ An; Pham
Thdnh Trung, 9A, THCS Nguy6n Trdi, HAi Dtrong,
Phan Trung Ki6n, 9A, THCS thl tr6n Nam DAn,
NghQ An; LO Vdn DAng,10A5, THPT ChuonS My A,
HA TAy; Nguy)n XuAn Truong, 10A1, THPT chuy6n

Wnh Phrlc; Dinh Hdi Ydn, s6 6, TrAn Hu!,nh,

phugng 7, thixd Bqc Li6u, Bac Li6u; NguySn Thanh
TuAn,-9 THPT Le Qu! D6n, Di6n Bi6n, Lai Chiu;
Nguy)n H1u Hing,ldp 10/5, Qu6c hoc Hu6, Ddng
Nggc Quang, 98, THCS T6 HiQu, Wnh Ph0c
Truong Dinh Bdo,493/598, CMT8, P13, Q10, Tp
H6 Chf Minh

4) ThAn Thl NguyQt Anh, S& COng NghiQq B{c Giang.

5) TrAn Huy Kin,10A3, THPT Nhi Chi0u, Kinh MOn,

KIHIVI

Hiu Dunrng.

PHUONG TRiNH VO XCUINU

Nguyln Thi Kli:u ,Tnng, s6 8, nhl H, 6p thd Tran

Hrmg D4o, phuong DOng Nhdn, quin Hai Bi Tnmg,
HA

Nai.

M6t bai todn khii quen thuQc vA dA tung nhdc toi

7) Nguyn

Xuin ViAn,l2E, THPT

Holing H6a 2, Thanh

H6a.

8) Phan Minh L\c,7lALO Hdng Phong, Narn Dinh.

-Xin chfc mrmg c6c ban. Nilu d1a chi cria c6c bpn thay
ddi xtn b6o gdp idi Car lac b0 ildqub.grii khong bithdt
lac. C6c hOi viOn cira CLB lai chd doi tiOp nh6 ! Ci.rn on.

CLB

GIOI VA
NgLroi

K.EM BEN

NHAU

yOu cdu 110 hoc sinh drmg

thilrh mOt vdng

d6c6 11 hgc sinh gi6i vh 5 hqc gi6i k6m.

Biiir ring s5 hoc sinh drilg giur 2 hoc sinh k6m ld bir:rg
nhau vh s0 hQc sinh dung git{a 2 hoc sinh gioi cung bang
nhau. Chrmg minh : c6 it nnat t ban hqc sinh k6m drntg
trdn, trong

bOn

24

canh 1 6an hqc sinh

gi6i.

NGOC MAI

d muc "TrA loi ban dgc", nhung mQt ban cOa t6i lai
mdi co mgt loi giAi moi mi k6t quA lai mAu thuAn
vdi ldi giAi d[ng. D5 ld birito6n : "Gidi phuong trlnh
logrlog.x= log.logr./'. Loi giAi d6 nhusau
6iAu ki6n : logrx> 0 ; logrx> 0 <+ x> 1, VAy
:

phuong trinh tuong duong v6i

,roorrogrx

= ./o9.togrx* ( toO.r)'ogr' = ( logrr)'on.'

<= loE.x

<+

x=

logrx
1 kh6ng th6a mdn diiiu kiQn tr6n. Vay

phuong tr'inh v6 nghie-m,

Cdc ban c6 thd xem gi[p : loi giAi c0a ban t6i sai
6 dAu kh6ng
1

NGUYEN KIM THANH

B Todn - DHKHTN - DHQG He N6i

) Ch*a

doqn ld CD :

Gi6i tkip bai

TRO CHOI THAI.IC

3)Ch*a I doqnldEF

tdng c6c s6
trong btng ld 496
nOrr theo yOu ciu
m6i mi0n ctn c6
F
E c I
D
I
tdng c6c s6 lh 248
vd chr-la 2i 0. MAt
kh6c vi hai mi6n
phti trtrng khit nOn
duong gdp khric
phtri luOn di qua
doan AB. Cung do tinh chft trCn'nen dudng gdp
khtic ho{c c6 mOt doAn lA AB, ho[c c6 mQt doan lh
CD, ho{c c6 mQt doan ld EF (ri0ng do4n GH kh0ng
th6a man vi chia dOi hinh 6 x 7 nhtmg tdng 2 midn
khOng

Tt

blng nhau).
c6ch chia, thay ddi mot

vli

0 tr6ng ta c6 thd

suy ra ohi6u c6ch chia kh6c. Cfc b4n tU tim s0 thdy

r{t nhidu d6p 6n. Dutri day l} mQt v}i c6ch chia :

1) Ch*a

doqn ld AB.

C6c ban c6 nhi0u c6ch chia ld : Hd Thi Nha

Phuong, Chu H6a, Ldm Thao, Ph'd Thg, Trdn
KiAn Trung,283 Nguy6n VAn Ct, Yilth, Hd Thi
HuyAn,78, THCS thi trdn, Nam Ddn, Phan Th!
Mai,'l,lE, THPT Nam Din I, Nguy4n Ddng Tdi,
9C, THCS thi trdn Narn Dln, NghQ An, Nguyln
Vinh Xudn Thanh,47 Thtl Khoa Hu&n, PII, G0
COng, TiCnGiang.
BINH NAM HA

ruurfu uuc llruNc

Udc luqng diQn tich c6c hinh sau d0y (theo cm2,
cho kdt qu6 ddn 2 chrl sd thflp phan).

AGV
THANH THANH

kxt
l.

rpdt ruO - ngudi

em,c0a roiN nQc t ru6r rni s6 ra ddi.

Ngay dudi dAy l) 5 b)i todn dlu tiOn c0a TOAN

TUOI THO dlnh chb hoc sinh Ti6u hoc. C6c
ban hdy gidi thiOu-cho cdc em hoc sinh Ti6u
hoc tham gia giSi vb gti ldi giii vd tda soan theo
dia chi : Todn ru6i tho, 57 Ciing V6, Ha NOi. O
m6i ldi giii, cdc bqii hudng d5n cdc em ghi 16
ho vir tOn, ldp, trudng cing dla phuong.

MOt thdng nira... TOAN

TOAN ruOt ruO s6 ddn vdi cdc ban hoc sinh,

cdc thAy gido, cO giSo d cdc truong ti6u hoc vd
cdc vi phu huynh c6 quan tAm tdi sLr phdt tridn
tri tuQ ngay tti thdi tho du c0a con em minh.
TOAN tuOt tt-to, vdi khuon khd xinh xdn g6m
4 trang b'ia v) 32 trang ruOt in dgp, vla l) sAn
choi tri tu0, hdp d6n cho c5c ban hoc sinh, vla
li tu liu b6 ich cho cdc thly gi6o, cd giSo vh
cdc vi phu huynh. TOAN TUOI TllO l) m6n dn
tinh thln trong moi gia dinh m) ai cUng c6 th6
tim thdy nhfing di6u li th[.
rOAN HQC & ru6r rnt tung li b4n dbng
h)nh c0a cdc.ban THCS, THPT trong su6t 36
nbm qua. TOAN TUOI THO c0ng hi vong tr&
thlnh ngudi ban thdn thiSt d c5c mdi trudng

TOAN rUdt rHO ra sd dlu ti6n vio ng)y

25 thAng 10 n5m 2000 sd khen thudng cdc em
c6 ldi giii tdt cho 5 b)i todn dudi ddy (khdng
nhdt thidt giii ci 5 bai).

Hiy d4t mua TOAN ru6l rHO tai

_,2

lreri noc.
.,

'

c6c

trudng Ti6u hoc hodc c5c co sd Buu diQn gAn

nhdt ngay ti bAy gid I Nim 2000, TOAN TUOI
THO s6 ra 2 s6 v)o 25 thdng 10 v) 25 thdng 12
(gi5 m6i sd z.sood). Cdc don vi : Nhi trudng,
Phdng CiSo duc, Sd CiSo duc v) D)o tao n6u
cO y dlnh nhan phdt h)nh TOAN rudt rHO xin
li0n h0 truc tiSp vdi Tda soan theo dla chi trOn
hodc qua di6n thoai d6 bi6t thCm cdc thdng tin.

,r

TOAN ruOt rHO mong reng m5i ban doc

crla TOAN HOC & TUOI TRE h6y gi^oi thiOu
nh0ng ngudi ban mdi cho TOAN TUOI THO.
Cdc ban h5y truydn nh0ng thdng tin n)y tdi c5c
ddi tuong m) TOAN TUOI THO sd hudng tdi.

TOAN

ru6t rHO

chJc c6c ban vui khde v)

hen ng)y ra mdt cdc ban.

Bni 3, Hdy diiin vao m6i

tam giiic con tr5ng mQt

trong cdc chil ciii T, O, A,
N, V, U, I sao cho trong b{t

c0 2 lam gidc co

canh

chung kh6ng c5 ch0 c6i

Bdi 1. Ban c6 thd cit m6t to giSy h)nh tam gidc
thhnh ba phin vA gh6p ba phAn nAy (kh6ng chiing
l6n nhau) dd c6 m6t hlnh ch0 nhat dLrdc kh6ng ?
ANPHA

Bdi 2 : Hdy dung.c6c s6 tU 1 d.5n 16, m5i s6

chi ding m6t lAn dd ghi viro m6i 6 cia bdng gi6y
dLroi dAy m6r s6, sao cho tdng 2 s6 ghi & hai 6

gi6ng nhau.
NGOCMAI

Bai 4. 5 con mao trong 5 phrit b5t duroc 5 con

chuQt. VAy mu5n Uit duo.,c 10 con chuQt trong 10
phtit th) cAn bao nhi6u con mdo ?
TON THAN
aoaaaaaa

Bai .5. Hdy

aaaaaaaa

cqnh nhau d6u la k6t quA cia ph6p nhAn hais5tr.r

nhi6n gi6ng nhau.

aaaaaaaa
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Ch6 ban

t4i Tba soan

"

r;l.li

di qua 64 didm trong

hlnh b6"n m3. di Cu^a
mor otem oung mot
lAn.

LTN.........
ISN:0866-O853
Chi sii : 12884
Mfl s6:8BT81MO

v6

duong gAp khric kh6p

kin g6m 1 6 doan thlng

aaaaaaaa

PHIPHI

i!:i'

In t?i$A,r{rf,y5.Biqs'$5-rrgff .QiAaS Yp
tn xoue vt ri.$,ir *iigiit{ffig Pnam 2O0Q

.Giri.r8lo00d

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