Aat Solutions - Ch12

Chapter 12
Lesson 12.1
Prerequisite Skills (p. 792)

1. The domain of f(x) is all real numbers except x 0.
2. The range of g(x) is all real numbers.
5.
9 5 2x 2 7
7x 5 28
16 5 2x
x54
85x
6. 14 5 23x 1 8
7. 10 2 3x 5 28
22 5 x
x 5 26
8. 11x 1 9 5 3x 1 17
9. 2x 1 3 5 26 2 x
8x 5 8
3x 5 29
x51
10.
12x 1 4y 5 0
34
22x 2 4y 5 230
22x 2 4y 5 230
10x
x 5 23
2x 2 2y 5 10
2x 1 2y 5 220
32
4x
5 210
5
x 5 2}2
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.
5
15
2}2 1 y 5 210 y 5 2}
2
15
4x 2 5y 5 25
24x 2 12y 5 2148
3 28
217y 5 2123
123
y5}
17
260
4x 2 51 }
5 25 x 5 }
17
17 2
123
a5 5 5 1 4 5 9
f (5) 5 (22)5 2 1 5 16
a6 5 6 1 4 5 10
f (6) 5 (22)6 2 1 5 232
5 }3
a2 5 }
211
a4 5 }
5 }5
411
an
can be written as 1 p 3,
2 p 4, 3 p 5, 4 p 6, . . ..
The next term is
a5 5 5 p 7 5 35. A rule
for the nth term is
an 5 n(n 1 2).
5
21
There are 81 apples in the 9th layer.
4x 2 5y 5 25
260 123
17 17
f (4) 5 (22)4 2 1 5 28
5. a9 5 92 5 81
The solution is 1 2}2, 2}

.
22
0.5x 1 1.5y 5 18.5
a4 5 4 1 4 5 8
4. The sequence 3, 8, 15, 24, . . .
11. 2x 2 2y 5 10
12.
f (3) 5 (22)3 2 1 5 4
a6 5 }
5 }7
611
The solution is (23, 9).
a3 5 3 1 4 5 7
a5 5 }
5 }6
511
5 230
3(23) 1 y 5 0 y 5 9
x 1 y 5 210
f (2) 5 (22)2 2 1 5 22
a3 5 }
5 }4
311
x 5 23
3x 1 y 5 0
a2 5 2 1 4 5 6
1
1
3. a1 5 } 5 }
111
2
23x 5 18
6 5 23x
2. f (1) 5 (22)1 2 1 5 1
1. a1 5 1 1 4 5 5
1
3. The composition f (g(x)) is equal to }.
4x 1 2
4. 7x 1 3 5 31
12.1 Guided Practice (pp. 794797)
The solution is }, } .
13. f (g(x)) 5 2(22x21) 2 1 5 24x21 2 1
Domain: all real numbers except x 5 0

14. f ( f (x)) 5 2(2x 2 1) 2 1 5 4x 2 3
Domain: all real numbers

15. g(g(x)) 5 22(22x21)21 5 x
Domain: all real numbers except x 5 0
6. ai 5 5i
Lower limit 5 1
Upper limit 5 20
Summation notation:
i2
7. ai 5 }
2
i 11
20
5i
i51
Lower limit 5 1
Upper limit 5 innity
`
Summation notation:
i
}
2
i51 i 11
2
8. ai 5 6i
Lower limit 5 1
`
Summation notation:
6i
i50
9. 4 1 i
Lower limit 5 1
Upper limit 5 8
8
Summation notation:
(4 1 i)
i51
Algebra 2
Worked-Out Solution Key
n2ws-1200-a.indd 667
667
6/27/06 11:30:51 AM
continued
10.
8i 5 8(1) 1 8(2) 1 8(3) 1 8(4) 1 8(5)
i51
5 8 1 16 1 24 1 32 1 40
(k 2 2 1) 5 (32 2 1) 1 (42 2 1) 1 (52 2 1) 1
k53
a3 5 }3 5 1
34
a5 5 }5
13.
n 5 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 5 21
n51
2(1)
2
13. a1 5 } 5 }
112
3
a2 5 }
51
212
5 1 1 4 1 9 1 16 1 25 1 36 1 49 1 64 1 81
5 285
2(3)
2(4)
2(5)
10
2(6)
a5 5 }
5}
7
512
Skill Practice
a6 5 }
5 }2
612
1. Another name for summation notation is sigma notation.

2. A sequence is a list of numbers and a series is the sum of
the terms in a sequence.

3. a1 5 1 1 2 5 3
4. a1 5 6 2 1 5 5
a2 5 2 1 2 5 4
a2 5 6 2 2 5 4
a3 5 3 1 2 5 5
a3 5 6 2 3 5 3
a4 5 4 1 2 5 6
a4 5 6 2 4 5 2
a5 5 5 1 2 5 7
a5 5 6 2 5 5 1
a6 5 6 1 2 5 8
a6 5 6 2 6 5 0
5. a1 5 1 5 1
2
a2 5 2 5 4
2
a3 5 3 5 9
2
a4 5 4 5 16
2
a5 5 5 5 25
2
a6 5 6 5 36
51
8. a1 5 212 5 21
a2 5 42 2 1 5 4
a2 5 222 5 24
7. a1 5 4
Next term: 25 2 1 5 16
Rule for nth term: 2n 2 1
17. Given terms: (21)1(4 p 1), (21)2(4 p 2), (21)3(4 p 3),
(1)4(4 p 4), . . .
18. Given terms: 13 1 1, 23 1 1, 33 1 1, 43 1 1, . . .
2
2
2
2
19. Given terms: }, }, }, }, . . .
3p1 3p2 3p3 3p4
2
Next term: }
5}
15
3p5
a4 5 44 2 1 5 64
a4 5 242 5 216
Rule for nth term: }

3n
a5 5 45 2 1 5 216
a5 5 252 5 225
621
a6 5 262 5 236
a3 5 4
a6 5 4
5 16
5 1024
a3 5 23 5 29
9. f (1) 5 12 2 5 5 24
10. a1 5 (1 1 3)2 5 16
f (2) 5 22 2 5 5 21
a2 5 (2 1 3)2 5 25
f (3) 5 32 2 5 5 4
a3 5 (3 1 3)2 5 36
f (4) 5 42 2 5 5 11
a4 5 (4 1 3)2 5 49
f (5) 5 52 2 5 5 20
a5 5 (5 1 3)2 5 64
f (6) 5 6 2 5 5 31
a6 5 (6 1 3)2 5 81
16. Given terms: 21 2 1, 22 2 1, 23 2 1, 24 2 1, . . .
321
Next term: 5 p 5 2 4 5 21
Rule for nth term: n3 1 1
f (6) 5 6 1 2 5 218
Rule for nth term: 5n 2 4
Next term: 53 1 1 5 126
5 p 4 2 4, . . .
f (5) 5 5 1 2 5 127
15. Given terms: 5 p 1 2 4, 5 p 2 2 4, 5 p 3 2 4,
f (4) 5 4 1 2 5 66
f (6) 5 }
5}
11
2(6) 2 1
Rule for nth term: (21)n(4n)
f (3) 5 3 1 2 5 29
f (5) 5 }
5 }9
2(5) 2 1
Next term: (21)5(4 p 5) 5 220
f (4) 5 }
5 }7
2(4) 2 1
f (2) 5 2 1 2 5 10
f (3) 5 }
5 }5
2(3) 2 1
6. f (1) 5 1 1 2 5 3
f (2) 5 }
5 }3
2(2) 2 1
a3 5 }
5 }5
312
12.1 Exercises (pp. 798800)
1
14. f (1) 5 } 5 1
2(1) 2 1
a4 5 }
5 }3
412
There are 285 apples in the stack.
a6 5 }6 5 }2
2(2)
n2 5 12 1 22 1 32 1 42 1 52 1 62 1 72 1 82 1 92
121
f (6) 5 2}6 5 2}3
n51
a4 5 }4
f (5) 5 2}5
5 130
14.
f (3) 5 2}3
f (4) 5 2}4 5 21
5 8 1 15 1 24 1 35 1 48
1 5 34
i51
a2 5 }2
(62 2 1) 1 (72 2 1)
12.
f (2) 5 2}2 5 22
5 120
11.
3
12. a1 5 } 5 3
1
4
11. f (1) 5 2} 5 24
1
1p2 2p2 3p2 4p2

20. Given terms: }, }, }, }, . . .
112 212 312 412
5p2
10
Next term: }
5}
7
512
2n

21n
1 2 3 4 5
21. Given terms: }, }, }, }, }, . . .
4 4 4 4 4
Chapter 12,
Next term: }4
n
Rule for nth term: }4
668
Algebra 2
6/28/06 1:48:37 PM
Chapter 12,
continued
2p121 2p221 2p321 2p421

22. Given terms: }, }, }, }, . . .
1 p 10
2 p 10
3 p 10
4 p 10
2p521
31.
an
Next term: }
5}
50
5 p 10
2n 2 1

10n
21
23. Given terms: 2.4 1 0.7(1), 2.4 1 0.7(2), 2.4 1 0.7(3),
2.4 1 0.7(4), . . .
Next term: 2.4 1 0.7(5) 5 5.9
32.
Rule for nth term: 2.4 1 0.7n
33.
an
an
24. Given terms: 5.8 2 1.6(1), 5.8 2 1.6(2), 5.8 2 1.6(3),
5.8 2 1.6(4), 5.8 2 1.6(5), . . .

Next term: 5.8 2 1.6(6) 5 23.8
25. Given terms: 0.2 1 12, 0.2 1 22, 0.2 1 32, 0.2 1 42, . . .
4
Next term: 0.2 1 52 5 25.2
21
Rule for nth term: 0.2 1 n 2

26. Given terms: 1.2 1 7.8(1), 1.2 1 7.8(2), 1.2 1 7.8(3),
21
34.
35.
an
an
1.2 1 7.8(4), . . .
Next term: 1.2 1 7.8(5) 5 40.2
27. D;
21
21
1(1 1 1)
a1 5 }
51
2
2(2 1 1)
a2 5 }
53
2
36.
an
3(3 1 1)
a3 5 }
56
2
4(4 1 1)
a4 5 }
5 10
2
28.
29.
an
an
1
21
21
37. ai 5 3i 1 4
Lower limit 5 1
Upper limit 5 5
7
1
Summation notation:
38. 6i 2 1
30.
(3i 1 4)
i51
Lower limit 5 1
an
Upper limit 5 5
Summation notation:
39. 2i 2 3
(6i 2 1)
i51
Lower limit 5 1
3
21
Summation notation:
(2i 2 3)
i51
Algebra 2
669
6/28/06 1:49:13 PM
Chapter 12,
continued
8
40. (22)i
51.
Lower limit 5 1
}2 5 }21 1 }22 1 }23 1 }24 1 }25 1 }26 1 }27 1 }28

i 5 1i
2

Summation notation:
41. 7i 2 4
(22)i
i51
Lower limit 5 1
Summation notation:
1
42. }i
3
(7i 2 4)
1 5 35
i51
54.
n 5 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 . . . 1 14 1 15 1 16
n51
16
5 136
25
55.
i
}
Summation notation:
i513 1 i
i 5 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 . . . 1 23 1 24 1 25
i51
5 325
44. i 2 2
18
56.

Summation notation:
n2 5 12 1 22 1 32 1 42
n51
(i 2 2 2)
5 1 1 4 1 9 1 16
1 25 1 . . . 1 256 1 289 1 324
i51
2i 5 2 p 1 1 2 p 2 1 2 p 3 1 2 p 4 1 2 p 5 1 2 p 6
i51
5 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 10 1 12
5 42
5
7i 5 7 p 1 1 7 p 2 1 7 p 3 1 7 p 4 1 7 p 5
5 7 1 14 1 21 1 28 1 35
5 105
5 2109
57. The rst term is missing. The lower limit is 0, so the rst
term should be 2(0) 1 3, or 3.

Correct sum: 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 1 11 1 13 5 48
58. B;
20
i 5 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 . . . 1 17 1 18 1 19 1 20
i51
5 210
n50
50 11 12 13 14
5 0 1 1 1 8 1 27 1 64
5 100
59. true;
n
kai 5 ka1 1 ka2 1 ka3 1 ka4 1 . . . 1 kan

i51
5 k(a1 1 a2 1 a3 1 . . . 1 an)
3k 2 5 3 p 12 1 3 p 22 1 3 p 32 1 3 p 42
k51
5 k ai
5 3 1 12 1 27 1 48
i51
60. true;
5 90
(5k 2 2) 5 (5 p 3 2 2) 1 (5 p 4 2 2)
k53
1 52 1 . . . 1 162 1 172 1 182
1 (5 p 5 2 2) 1 (5 p 6 2 2)
5 13 1 18 1 23 1 28
(ai 1 bi) 5 (a1 1 b1) 1 (a2 1 b2)

i51
1 (a3 1 b3) 1 . . . 1 (an 1 bn)

5 (a 1 a 1 a 1 . . . 1 a )
1
5 82
5
(n2 2 1) 5 (12 2 1) 1 (22 2 1)
n51
1 (b1 1 b2 1 b3 1 . . . 1 bn)
n
ai 1 i
bi
i51
51
Lower limit 5 1
i51
5}
140
53.
4
}1i
i513
Upper limit 5 7
50.
5 }2 1 }3 1 }4 1 }5 1 }6 1 }7
i51
Lower limit 5 1
49.
1}
1}
1}
411
511
611
35
i
43. }
31i
48.
617
Summation notation:
47.
3
1
2
k
}
5}
1}
1}
111
211
311
k 5 1k 1 1
4
Upper limit 5 4
46.
5}
140
Lower limit 5 1
45.
761
52.
5 2 1 1 1 }3 1 }3 1 }2 1 }4 1 }5 1 }7
1 (32 2 1) 1 (42 2 1) 1 (52 2 1)
5 0 1 3 1 8 1 15 1 24
5 50
670
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:31:12 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
65. Given terms: 21 2 1, 22 2 1, 23 2 1, 24 2 1, 25 2 1
61. false;
Sample answer: Let ai 5 2i and bi 5 24i.
Rule for nth term: an 5 2n 2 1
(2i)(24i) 5 (2 p 1)(24 p 1) 1 (2 p 2)(24 p 2)

i51
a6 5 26 2 1 5 63
1 (3 p 2)(24 p 3)
a8 5 28 2 1 5 255
5 28 1 (232) 1 (272)
You need 63 moves to move 6 rings, 127 moves to move

7 rings, and 255 moves to move 8 rings.
5 2112
2i 5 2 p 1 1 2 p 2 1 2 p 3 5 12
66. a. d4 5 0.3(2)4 2 2 1 0.4 5 1.6
i51
3
(24i) 5 24 p 1 1 (24 p 2) 1 (24 p 3) 5 224

i51
1 2i 2 1 (24i) 2 5 12(224) 5 2288

3
i51
i51
Because 2112 2288,
Mars is 1.6 astronomical units from the sun.

149,600,000 km
b. }} 3 1.6 a.u. 5 239,360,000 km
1 a.u.
Mars is about 239,360,000 kilometers from the sun.

n
ai bi 1 i
ai 21 bi 2.
i51
51
i51
c.
62. false;
Sample answer: Let ai 5 i and k 5 2.

3
i2 5 12 1 22 1 32 5 1 1 4 1 9 5 14
i51
2
1 i 2 5 (1 1 2 1 3) 5 6 5 36
3
Mean distance from sun (a. u.)
a7 5 27 2 1 5 127
dn
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
i51
Because 14 36,
Position of planet from sun
aik 1 i
ai 2 .
51
k
i51
There are 15 balls in the fth layer.
Problem Solving
5(5 1 1)
67. a. a5 5 } 5 15
2
180(3 2 2)
63. a3 5 } 5 608
3
180(4 2 2)
a4 5 }
5 908
4
180(5 2 2)
a5 5 }
5 1088
5
180(6 2 2)
a6 5 }
5 1208
6
180(7 2 2)
a7 5 }
128.578
7
180(n 2 2)
Tn 5 }
p n 5 180(n 2 2)
n
b. a1 1 a2 1 a3 1 a4 1 a5
1(1 1 1)
3(3 1 1)
4(4 1 1)
5(5 1 1)
5 1 1 3 1 6 1 10 1 15
5 35
There are 35 balls in the stack.
c. The difference in each layer is
n(n 1 1)
2n 2 2 n 2 2 n
n2 2 }
5 }}
2
2
n2 2 n
5}
2
n(n 2 1)
Total measure of angles in skylight 5 180(12 2 2),

or 18008.
5}
.
2
64. Use Special Series Formula for sum of rst n positive
Each layer of the square pyramid contains exactly
n(n 1 1)
integers:
i5}
2
i51
n(n 2 1)
2
} more balls than the corresponding layer in the
triangular pyramid.
100(100 1 1)
In 100 days, you will have }}

5 5050 pennies,
2
or $50.50.
To save $500, you need 50,000 pennies.
n(n 1 1)
2
} 5 50,000
n(n 1 1) 5 100,000
2
n 1 n 2 100,000 5 0
68. The number of balls in the top n layers is

n
n(n 1 1)
n 1n
}
5 }
.
2
i51
i51 2
2
Using Exercise 59:
n 5 100,000
5 316.23
You need about 316 days to save $500.
1
n 1n
}
5 }2 (n2 1 n)
i51 2
i51
Using Exercise 60: }2
(n 2 100,000 )2 5 0
2(2 1 1)
5}
1}
1}
1}
1}
2
2
2
2
2
(n2 1 n) 5 }12 1 i
n2 1 n 2
i51
51
i51
Using the special formulas on page 797:

1
2
n(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)
1}
2
1 i5 1n2 1 i5 1n 2 5 }12 1 }}
2
6
n(n 1 1)
Algebra 2
671
6/27/06 11:31:17 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
Mixed Review
Graphing Calculator Activity 12.1 (p. 801)
69. 18 5 4x 2 2
70. 23 5 6x 2 1
20 5 4x
24 5 6x
55x
45x
1. a. 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41

b.
71. 12 5 2 2 5x
10 5 25x
22 5 x
72. 5 5 8x 2 5
73. 17 5 20 2 2x
10 5 8x
23 5 22x
5
4
3
2
}5x
}5x
74. 14 5 5x 1 4
75. 7 2 3x 5 16
10 5 5x
c. Sum 5 230
2. a. 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36
b.
23x 5 9
25x
x 5 23
76. 9 1 8x 5 25
77. 11x 2 6 5 239
8x 5 16
11x 5 233
x52
x 5 23
}}
78. d 5 (6 2 4)2 1 (1 2 (25))2
c. Sum 5 225
3. a. 32, 29, 26, 23, 20, 17, 14, 11, 8, 5
b.
5 4 1 36
}
5 210
}}}
79. d 5 (22 2 (27))2 1 (21 2 4)2

}
5 25 1 25
c. Sum 5 185
5 52
4. a. 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35
}}
80. d 5 (5 2 0)2 1 (22 2 5)2

}
5 74
}}
81. d 5 (1 2 (24))2 1 (9 2 6)2

}
5 25 1 9
}
5 34
c. Sum 5 260
}}}
82. d 5 (6 2 2) 1 (24 2 (25))

2
5 16 1 1
5. a. 4, 7, 12, 19, 28, 39, 52, 67, 84, 103

b.
5 17
}}}
83. d 5 (22 2 (25))2 1 (28 2 (24))2

}
5 9 1 16
55
}}
84. d 5 (5 2 9)2 1 (6 2 7)2

}
5 16 1 1
}
5 17
c. Sum 5 415
6. a. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512
b.
}}
85. d 5 (3 2 (21))2 1 (2 2 8)2

}
5 16 1 36
}
b.
5 25 1 49
5 213
}}
86. d 5 (29 2 4)2 1 (26 2 0)2

}
5 169 1 36
}
5 205
672
c. Sum 5 1023
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:31:27 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
Lesson 12.2
5. a2 2 a1 5 14 2 5 5 9
a3 2 a2 5 23 2 14 5 9
a4 2 a3 5 32 2 23 5 9
1. a2 2 a1 5 14 2 17 5 23
a5 2 a4 5 41 2 32 5 9
a3 2 a2 5 11 2 14 5 23
The sequence is arithmetic with common difference 9.
a4 2 a3 5 8 2 11 5 23
6. a2 2 a1 5 27 2 (210) 5 3
a5 2 a4 5 5 2 8 5 23
Each difference is 23, so the sequence is arithmetic.
2. a1 5 17; d 5 14 2 17 5 23
an 5 17 1 (n 2 1)(23) 5 20 2 3n
7. a2 2 a1 5 1 2 0.5 5 0.5
a20 5 20 2 3(20) 5 240

3.
a3 2 a2 5 1.5 2 1 5 0.5
a11 5 a1 1 (11 2 1) d
a4 2 a3 5 2 2 1.5 5 0.5
257 5 a1 1 10(27)
a5 2 a4 5 2.5 2 2 5 0.5
13 5 a1
The sequence is arithmetic with common difference 0.5.
an 5 13 1 (n 2 1)(27) 5 20 2 7n
8. a2 2 a1 5 10 2 20 5 210
a20 5 20 2 7(20) 5 2120

4. a7 5 26 5 a1 1 (7 2 1)d
26 5 a1 1 6d
a16 5 71 5 a1 1 (16 2 1)d 71 5 a1 1 15d

45 5
9d
55d
71 5 a1 1 15(5) a1 5 24
an 5 24 1 (n 2 1)(5) 5 29 1 5n
a20 5 29 1 5(20) 5 91
5. a1 5 2 1 7(1) 5 9
a12 5 2 1 7(12) 5 86
S12 5 121 }
5 570
2 2
9 1 86
a3 2 a2 5 25 2 (27) 5 2
The differences are not constant, so the sequence is
not arithmetic.
6. a1 5 3(1) 5 3
a8 5 3(8) 5 24
S8 5 81 }
5 108
2 2
3 1 24
The house of cards contains 108 cards.

Skill Practice
1. The constant difference between consecutive terms of an
arithmetic sequence is called the common difference.

2. An arithmetic sequence is a list of numbers that have the
same common difference between consecutive terms. An

arithmetic series is the sum of the terms.
3. a2 2 a1 5 22 2 1 5 23
a3 2 a2 5 25 2 (22) 5 23
a4 2 a3 5 28 2 (25) 5 23
a5 2 a4 5 211 2 (28) 5 23
The sequence is arithmetic with common difference 23.
4. a2 2 a1 5 14 2 16 5 22
a3 2 a2 5 11 2 14 5 23
not arithmetic.
a3 2 a2 5 5 2 10 5 25
not arithmetic.
5
7
2
9. a2 2 a1 5 } 2 } 5 2}
4
4
4
3
a3 2 a2 5 }4 2 }4 5 2}4
3
a4 2 a3 5 2}4 2 }4 5 2}4
not arithmetic.
2
1
1
10. a2 2 a1 5 } 2 } 5 }
7
7
7
4
a3 2 a2 5 }7 2 }7 5 }7
not arithmetic.
5
3
11. a2 2 a1 5 21 2 2} 5 }
2
2
1 2
a3 2 a2 5 }2 2 (21) 5 }2
1
a4 2 a3 5 2 2 }2 5 }2
7
a5 2 a4 5 }2 2 2 5 }2
3
The sequence is arithmetic with common difference }2.

12. a1 5 1; d 5 4 2 1 5 3
an 5 1 1 (n 2 1)(3) 5 3n 2 2
a20 5 3(20) 2 2 5 58
13. a1 5 5; d 5 11 2 5 5 6
an 5 5 1 (n 2 1)(6) 5 6n 2 1
a20 5 6(20) 2 1 5 119
14. a1 5 8; d 5 21 2 8 5 13
an 5 8 1 (n 2 1)(13) 5 13n 2 5
a20 5 13(20) 2 5 5 255
Algebra 2
673
6/27/06 11:31:31 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
15. a1 5 23; d 5 21 2 (23) 5 2
24.
a6 5 a1 1 (6 2 1)d
an 5 23 1 (n 2 1)(2) 5 2n 2 5
216 5 a1 1 5(9)
a20 5 2(20) 2 5 5 35
261 5 a1
16. a1 5 6; d 5 2 2 6 5 24
an
21
an 5 261 1 (n 2 1)(9)
an 5 6 1 (n 2 1)(24) 5 24n 1 10
an 5 9n 2 70
a20 5 24(20) 1 10 5 270

17. a1 5 25; d 5 14 2 25 5 211
an 5 25 1 (n 2 1)(211) 5 211n 1 36
a20 5 211(20) 1 36 5 2184
2
2
18. a1 5 0; d 5 } 2 0 5 }
3
3
an
an 5 0 1 (n 2 1)1 }2 2 5 }3 n 2 }3
25.
261 252 243 234
a4 5 a1 1 (4 2 1)d
225
216
an
96 5 a1 1 3(214)
38
2
2
a20 5 }3 (20) 2 }3 5 }
3
138 5 a1
5
1
19. a1 5 2; d 5 2} 2 2 5 2}
3
3
an 5 138 1 (n 2 1)(214)
an 5 214n 1 152
an 5 2 1 (n 2 1)1 2}3 2 5 2}3 n 1 }3

1
13
a20 5 2}3 (20) 1 }3 5 2}

3
14
1
20. a1 5 1.5; d 5 3.6 2 1.5 5 2.1
an 5 1.5 1 (n 2 1)(2.1) 5 2.1n 2 0.6

a20 5 2.1(20) 2 0.6 5 41.4
21. The general rule for an arithmetic sequence is
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d, not an 5 a1 1 nd. So,
52 5 a1 1 15(5)
an
an
138
124
110
96
82
68
an
223 218 213 28 23
6
2
an
74
67
60
53
46
39
a10 5 a1 1 (10 2 1)d
an
7
30 5 a1 1 9 }2
1 2
3
2}2 5 a1
3
an 5 2}2 1 (n 2 1)1 }2 2
7
an 5 }2 n 2 5
674
21
27.
an 5 5n 2 28
an 5 27n 1 81
an 5 223 1 (n 2 1)(5)
an 5 74 1 (n 2 1)(27)
an
223 5 a1
74 5 a1
wrong place. It should be an 5 37 1 (n 2 1)(213),

so an 5 213n 1 50.
a16 5 a1 1 (16 2 1)d
23 5 a1 1 11(27)
22. The values of 37 and 213 were substituted in the
23.
26. a12 5 a1 1 (12 2 1)d
an 5 37 1 (n 2 1)(213) 5 213n 1 50.
21
an
21.5
5.5
12.5 16
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:31:41 AM
Chapter 12,
28.
continued
a11 5 a1 1 (11 2 1)d
35. a11 5 a1 1 (11 2 1)d 35 5 a1 1 10d
an
a2 5 a1 1 (2 2 1)d 17 5 a1 1
1 2
1
1
} 5 a1 1 10 2}
2
2
11
2
25d
1 2
11
1
an 5 }
1 (n 2 1) 2}2
2
21
an
5.5
35 5 a1 1 10(2) a1 5 15
an 5 15 1 (n 2 1)(2) 5 13 1 2n
1
an 5 6 2 }2n
36. a12 5 a1 1 (12 2 1)d 29 5 a1 1 11d
a7 5 a1 1 (7 2 1)d
2
5
3
4.5
3.5
4 5 a1 1 6d
213 5
13
2}
5d
5
5d
29 5 a1 1 111 2}
a1 5 }
52
5
13
29. C;
a30 5 a1 1 (30 2 1)d
98
an 5 }
1 (n 2 1)1 2}
5}
2}
n
5
52
5
5
98
57 5 a1 1 29(4)
259 5 a1
13
13
111
24 5 a1 1 8d
37. a9 5 a1 1 (9 2 1)d
a5 5 a1 1 (5 2 1)d 15 5 a1 1 4d
an 5 259 1 (n 2 1)(4)
an 5 263 2 4n
4d
95
30. a10 5 a1 1 (10 2 1)d 85 5 a1 1 9d
9
}5d
4
a4 5 a1 1 (4 2 1)d 31 5 a1 1 3d
54 5
24 5 a1 1 81 }4 2 a1 5 6
9
6d
95d
15
38. a11 5 a1 1 (11 2 1)d 22 5 a1 1 10d
an 5 4 1 (n 2 1)(9) 5 25 1 9n
31. a14 5 a1 1 (14 2 1)d 79 5 a1 1 13d
a6 5 a1 1 (6 2 1)d
22 5 a1 1 101 2}5 2 a1 5 2
2
79 5 a1 1 13(5) a1 5 14
an 5 2 1 (n 2 1)1 2}5 2 5 }
2 }5 n
5
2
an 5 14 1 (n 2 1)(5) 5 9 1 5n
32. a17 5 a1 1 (17 2 1)d 40 5 a1 1 16d
a3 5 a1 1 (3 2 1)d 22 5 a1 1 2d
42 5
14d
35d
a13 5 a1 1 (13 2 1)d 248 5 a1 1 12d

a6 5 a1 1 (6 2 1)d 26 5 a1 1 5d
a8 5 a1 1 (8 2 1)d 210 5 a1 1 7d
12d
an 5 24 1 (n 2 1)(26) 5 30 2 6n
40. a1 5 1 1 3(1) 5 4
S10 5 10 1 }
5 175
2 2
4 1 31
258 5 a1 1 19(24) a1 5 18
an 5 18 1 (n 2 1)(24) 5 22 2 4n
34. a15 5 a1 1 (15 2 1)d 137 5 a1 1 14d
a9 5 a1 1 (9 2 1)d 89 5 a1 1 8d
an 5 25 1 (n 2 1)(8) 5 17 1 8n
248 5 a1 1 12(26) a1 5 24
a10 5 1 1 3(10) 5 31
24 5 d
85d
7d
26 5 d
33. a20 5 a1 1 (20 2 1)d 258 5 a1 1 19d
137 5 a1 1 14(8) a1 5 25
242 5
an 5 28 1 (n 2 1)(3) 5 211 1 3n
48 5
12
39. B;
40 5 a1 1 16(3) a1 5 28
248 5
5d
2
2}5 5 d
8d
55d
0 5 a1 1 5d
22 5
a6 5 a1 1 (6 2 1)d 39 5 a1 1 5d
40 5
an 5 6 1 (n 2 1)1 }4 2 5 }
2 }4 n
4
85 5 a1 1 9(9) a1 5 4
9d
18 5
}5a
6d
41. a1 5 23 2 2(1) 5 25
a8 5 23 2 2(8) 5 219
25 1 (219)
S8 5 8 }
5 296
2
42. a1 5 14 2 6(1) 5 8
a18 5 14 2 6(18) 5 294
8 1 (294)
S18 5 18 }
5 2774
2
Algebra 2
675
6/27/06 11:31:46 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
n
43. a1 5 29 1 11(1) 5 2
55.
a22 5 29 1 11(22) 5 233
(25 1 7i) 5 486

i51
a1 1 an
2 1 233
na1 1 nan 5 486(2)
44. a3 5 72 2 6(3) 5 54
n(2) 1 n(25 1 7n) 5 972
a9 5 72 2 6(9) 5 18
7n2 2 3n 2 972 5 0
S7 5 71 }
2 5 252
2
54 1 18
(7n 1 81)(n 2 12) 5 0
45. a5 5 254 1 9(5) 5 29
81
n 5 2}
or n 5 12
7
a14 5 254 1 9(14) 5 72

S10 5 10 1 }
2 5 315
2
The number of terms must be positive, so n 5 12.
29 1 72
46. a1 5 2
56.
a15 5 58
n}
5 486
2
S22 5 221 }
2 5 2585
2
(10 2 3i) 5 228

i51
a1 1 an
n}
5 228
2
2 1 58
S15 5 15 }
5 450
2
na1 1 nan 5 228(2)
47. a1 5 21
n(7) 1 n(10 2 3n) 5 256
a8 5 34
23n2 1 17n 1 56 5 0
S8 5 81 }
2 5 132
2
(23n 2 7)(n 2 8) 5 0
21 1 34
n 5 8 or n 5 2}3
48. a1 5 44
a7 5 2
(58 2 8i) 5 21150

i51
57.
49. 2, 7, 12, 17, . . .
a1 5 2, d 5 5
a1 1 an
an 5 2 1 (n 2 1)(5) 5 23 1 5n
na1 1 nan 5 21150(2)
50. 21, 24, 27, 210, . . .
n(50) 1 n(58 2 8n) 5 22300
a1 5 21, d 5 23
28n2 1 108n 1 2300 5 0
an 5 21 1 (n 2 1)(23) 5 2 2 3n
24(n 2 25)(2n 1 23) 5 0
51. 23, 25, 27, 29, . . .
23
n 5 25 or n 5 2}
2
a1 5 23, d 5 22
an 5 23 1 (n 2 1)(22) 5 21 2 2n
52. The graph of an is a scatter plot whose points lie on the
line that represents the graph of f(x).
53. false;
Sample answer: Consider the series 2 1 4 1 6 1 8,

whose sum is 20. If d is doubled, the series becomes
2 1 6 1 10 1 14, whose sum is 32. Because 32 2(20),
the statement is false.
n}
5 21150
2

n
58.
(5 2 5i) 5 250
i51
a1 1 an
n}
5 250
2
na1 1 nan 5 250(2)
n(0) 1 n(5 2 5n) 5 2100
25n2 1 5n 1 100 5 0
54. true;
Because an is an arithmetic sequence, the rst three terms

a, b, and c, are a, a 1 n, and a 1 2n.
1
b 0 }2 (a 1 c)
1
a 1 n 0 }2 (a 1 (a 1 2n))
25(n 2 5)(n 1 4) 5 0
n 5 5 or n 5 24
2 1 44
S7 5 7 }
5 161
2
a 1 n 0 }2 (2a 1 2n)
a1n5a1n
676
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:31:50 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
(23 2 4i) 5 2507
59.
Problem Solving
i53
a3 1 an
63. a. a1 5 6, d 5 6
(n 2 2) }
5 2507
2
an 5 6 1 (n 2 1)(6)
(n 2 2)(a3 1 an) 5 2507(2)

(n 2 2)[215 1 (23 2 4n)] 5 21014
(n 2 2)(218 2 4n) 5 21014
218n 2 4n2 1 36 1 8n 5 21014
an 5 6n
b. Total number of cells 5 S9 1 1
a1 1 a9
S9 5 9 }
2
S9 5 9 1 }
2 2
6 1 54
24n2 2 10n 1 1050 5 0

22(n 2 15)(2n 1 35) 5 0
S9 5 270
n 5 15 or n 5 217.5
n
(7 1 12i) 5 455
i55
60.
There are 271 cells in the honeycomb.

a1 1 a7
S7 5 7 }
2
S7 5 71 }
2 2
(n 2 4) }
5 455
2
an 5 1 1 2n
S7 5 63
(n 2 4)(a5 1 an) 5 455(2)
There are 1 1 2n band members in each row. The band

has 63 members.
a5 1 an
(n 2 4)[67 1 (7 1 12n)] 5 910
an 5 4 1 (n 2 1)(8)
74n 1 12n2 2 296 2 48n 5 910
an 5 24 1 8n
12n2 1 26n 2 1206 5 0

2(6n 1 67)(n 2 9) 5 0
67
n 5 9 or n 5 2}
6
a1 1 a12
b. S12 5 12 }
2
4 1 92
S12 5 576
a1 1 a150
(2i 2 1) 5 n1 }
2
2
There are 576 visible blocks.
i51
66. a.
5 1501 }
2
2
1 1 299
5 22,500
62.
S12 5 121 }
2 2

150
3 1 15
65. a. a1 5 4, d 5 8
(n 2 4)(74 1 12n) 5 910
64. a1 5 3, d 5 2
an 5 3 1 (n 2 1)(2)
61.
a1 1 a3
S3 5 n }
2
3 2 x 1 x 1 1 2 3x 5 31 }}
2
2
3 2 x 1 1 2 3x
24x 1 4
23x 1 4 5 31 }
2
d (n)
D(1) 2 D(0) 5 16(12) 2 16(02) 5 16
D(2) 2 D(1) 5 16(22) 2 16(12) 5 48
D(3) 2 D(2) 5 16(32) 2 16(22) 5 80
D(4) 2 D(3) 5 16(42) 2 16(32) 5 112
b. a1 5 16, d 5 32
an 5 16(n 2 1)(32) 5 216 1 32n
23x 1 4 5 26x 1 6
So, a rule is d(n) 5 216 1 32n.
3x 5 2
c.
d(n)
x 5 }3
7
a1 5 3 2 }3 5 }3
2
a2 5 }3
a3 5 1 2 31 }3 2 5 21
2
Because the common difference is 2}3, the next term is

5
12
21
21 2 }3, or 2}3.
Algebra 2
677
6/27/06 11:31:55 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
67. S5 5 1000, n 5 5, d 5 50
The length of paper in the 7-inch diameter roll is

about 8827.9 inches. This is about 2.14 times the
length of paper in the 5-inch diameter roll, so you
could expect to pay about 2.14($1.50) 5 $3.21 for the
7-inch diameter roll.
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
a5 5 a1 1 (5 2 1)(50)
a1 1 a5
1
2
a 1 a 1 200
1000 5 51 }}
2
2
S5 5 5 }
2
1
Mixed Review
x 1/5 5 7
70.
(x1/5)5 5 75
10001 }5 2 5 2a1 1 200

2
x 2/5 5 4
(x )
2/5 5/2
x 5 216
6x 2/5 5 24
$100 should be given away on the rst day.

dn (in.)
(x 2/3)3/2 5 363/2
x 5 16,807
100 5 a1
n
x 2/3 5 36
72. 6x 2/5 2 5 5 19
400 2 200 5 2a1
68. a.
71.
ln (in.)
x 5 32
3/5
73. 3x
2.008
2.008
2.016
2.016
2.024
2.024
5 45/2
2455
3x3/5 5 9
x3/5 5 3
(x3/5)5/3 5 35/3
x 5 3 p 32/3
}
Sample calculation:
x 5 332
d2 5 2 1 0.004(1)(2) 5 2.008
x 5 39
b. l1, l2, l3, . . . is an arithmetic sequence.
3}
(x 1 10)1/4 5 5
74.
[(x 1 10) ]
1/4 4
ln 5 l1 1 (n 2 1)(d)
c. a1 5 2.008, d 5 0.008, an 5 5
(x 2 3)3/4 5 64
[(x 2 3)3/4]4/3 5 644/3
55
x 1 10 5 625
ln 5 2 1 (n 2 1)(0.008)
ln 5 [2 1 (n 2 1)(0.008)]
75.
4
x 2 3 5 256
x 5 615
6x 5 216
76.
x 5 259
77.
5x 5 32
log6 6x 5 log6 216
log5 5x 5 log5 32
5 5 2.008 1 (n 2 1)(0.008)
x 5 log6 216
x 5 log5 32
3 5 0.008n
log 216
x5}
log 6
x5}
log 5
x53
x 2.153
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
375 5 n
The paper must be wrapped around the dowel
375 times.
78. 104x 2 6 5 12
ln 5 [2 1 (n 2 1)(0.008)] (from part b)

l375 5 4.992
4x
The length of paper in the roll is about 4118.6 inches.

d. For a roll with a 7-inch diameter:
7 5 2.008 1 (n 2 1)(0.008)
5 5 0.008n
105x 1 1 5 14
log 104x 5 log 18
log 105x 1 1 5 log 14
4x 5 log 18
5x 1 1 5 log 14
x 0.314
x 0.029
80. 7x 2 3 5 49x 2 8
7x 2 3 5 (72)x 2 8
7x 2 3 5 72x 2 16
x 2 3 5 2x 2 16
13 5 x
625 5 n
4x 1 1
5 729 x
4x 1 1
5 (36) x
81. 3
l1 5 2
l625 5 [2 1 (625 2 1)(0.008)] 5 6.992
2 1 6.992
S625 5 625 }
8827.9
2
79. 105x 1 1 1 5 5 19
10 5 18
l1 5 2
2 1 4.992
S375 5 375 }
4118.6
2
log 32
34x 1 1 5 36x
a5 5 a1 1 200
4x 1 1 5 6x
1 5 2x
1
2
}5x
678
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:31:59 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
51616161819
40
2
82. Mean: }x 5 }} 5 } 5 6}
6
6
3
Lesson 12.3
Median: 6
Mode: 6
32 1 36 1 38 1 43 1 43 1 45 1 46
283
83. Mean: }x 5 }}} 5 }
7
7
40.43
Median: 43
Mode: 43
75 1 80 1 81 1 82 1 83 1 92 1 92 1 92
84. Mean: }x 5 }}}}
8
677
a2
27
1
1. }
5 }3
a1 5 }
81
a3
9
1
}
5 }3
a2 5 }
27
a4
3
1
}
5 }3
a3 5 }
9
a5
1
}
a4 5 }
3
1
The series is geometric with a common ratio of }3.

a2
2
2. }
52
a1 5 }
1
a3
6
}
53
a2 5 }
2
5}
5 84.625
8
82 1 83
Median: }
5 82.5
2
Mode: 92
25 1 (24) 1 (23) 1 (22) 1 (21) 1 1 1 5
85. Mean: }x 5 }}}}
7
29
5}
21.29
7
Median: 22
Mode: none
1.9 1 1.9 1 2.5 1 2.6 1 2.8 1 3.1 1 3.5
86. Mean: }x 5 }}}}
7
18.3
Because there is no common ratio, the sequence is

not geometric.
a2
8
3. }
5 22
a1 5 }
24
a3
216
}
5 22
a2 5 }
8
a4
32
}
5 22
a3 5 }
216
a5
264
}
5 22
a4 5 }
32
5}
2.61
7
The series is geometric with a common ratio of 22.

15
4. a1 5 3, r 5 } 5 5
3
Median: 2.6
Mode: 1.9
an 5 a1r n 2 1
0.9 1 1.8 1 2.5 1 3.8 1 4.2 1 5.2 1 6.7

87. Mean: }x 5 }}}}
7
an 5 3(5)n 2 1
a8 5 3(5)8 2 1
25.1
5}
3.59
7
a8 5 234,375
Median: 3.8
5.
Mode: none
a6 5 a1r 6 2 1
88. h 5 number of hats
296 5 a1(2)5
s 5 number of scarves
16h 1 18s 5 710
h1
s 5 42
16h 1 18s 5 710

216h 2 16s 5 2672
2s 5 38
s 5 19
h 1 19 5 42 h 5 23
You sold 23 hats.
a6 5 296, r 5 2
23 5 a1
an 5 a1(r)n 2 1
an 5 23(2)n 2 1
a8 5 23(2)8 2 1
a8 5 2384
6. a2 5 212, a4 5 23
12
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1 212 5 a1r a1 5 2}

r
a4 5 a1r 4 2 1 23 5 a1r 3
212 3
23 5 1 }
r 2r
23 5 212r 2
1
4
} 5 r2
6}2 5 r
Algebra 2
679
6/27/06 11:32:03 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
If r 5 }2:
212
a1 5 }
5 224
1
}
an 5 a1r n 2 1
n21
an 5 2241 }1 2
2
1 821
a8 5 224 }2
5 20.1875
1 2
1
If r 5 2}2 :
The sequence is geometric with a common ratio of }1.

a2
6. } 5
a1
212
a1 5 }
5 24
1
1 n21
an 5 241 2}2 2
1 7
a8 5 241 2}2 2 5 20.1875
52
1 11 22 (22)
(22) 2
8
S8 5 6 }
S8 5 2510
8. an 5 5.02(1.059)n 2 1
a11 5 5.02(1.059)11 2 1
a11 8.906
The box ofce revenue in 2000 was about $8.91 billion.
Skill Practice
1. The constant ratio of consecutive terms in a geometric
sequence is called the common ratio.

2. If you divide each consecutive term and get the same
ratio every time, the sequence is geometric.

a2
4
3. } 5 } 5 4
1
a1
a3
8
}5}52
Because there is no common ratio, the sequence is

not geometric.
a2
16
4. } 5 } 5 4
4
a1
a3
64
}5}54
16
a2
a4
256
}5}54
64
a3
a5
1024
}5}54
256
a4
The sequence is geometric with a common ratio of 4.
8
}
a4
3
}5}52
4
a3
}
3
16
}
a5
3
}5}52
8
a4
}
3

a2
1
7. }
52
a1 5 }
1
}
2
3
}
a3
3
2
5 }2
}
a2 5 }
1
The sequence is not geometric because there is no

common ratio.
3
}
a2
3
8
8. }
5 2}2
a1 5 }
1
2}4
2}
a3
16
1
5 2}2
}
a2 5 }
3
}

common ratio.
a2
5
9. }
5 0.5
a1 5 }
10
a3
2.5
5 0.5
}
a2 5 }
5
a4
1.25
5 0.5
}
a3 5 }
2.5
a5
0.625
5 0.5
}
a4 5 }
1.25
The sequence is geometric with a common ratio of 0.5.

a2
26
10. }
52
a1 5 }
23
a3
12
}
5 22
a2 5 }
26
an 5 a1r n 2 1
1 2 r8
7. S8 5 a1 }
12r
2
3
}
1
}
3
}
4
}
a3
3
}5}52
2
a2
}
3
2}2
a2
a2
36
1
5. } 5 } 5 }
216
6
a1
a3
6
1
}5}5}
36
6
a2
a4
1
}5}
6
a3
a5
1
}5}
6
a4

common ratio.
680
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:32:08 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
a2
12
11. }
5 23
a1 5 }
24
a3
236
}
5 23
a2 5 }
12
a4
108
}
5 23
a3 5 }
236
a5
2324
}
5 23
a4 5 }
108
2
1
21. a1 5 4, r 5 } 5 }
4
2
1 n21
an 5 41 }2 2
1 721
a7 5 41 }2 2
0.6
22. a1 5 20.3, r 5 } 5 22
20.3

a2
0.6
12. }
53
a1 5 }
0.2
a3
1.8
}
53
a2 5 }
0.6
a4
5.4
}
53
a3 5 }
1.8
a5
16.2
}
53
a4 5 }
5.4
an 5 20.3(22)n 2 1
a7 5 20.3(22)7 2 1 5 219.2
20.8
23. a1 5 22, r 5 } 5 0.4
22
an 5 22(0.4)n 2 1
a7 5 22(0.4)7 2 1 5 20.008192
24.2
24. a1 5 7, r 5 } 5 20.6
7
an 5 7(20.6)n 2 1
a2
10
13. }
5 22
a1 5 }
25
a3
20
}
52
a2 5 }
10
a7 5 7(20.6)7 2 1 5 0.326592
214
25. a1 5 5, r 5 } 5 22.8
5

common ratio.
a2
1.5
14. }
52
a1 5 }
0.75
a3
2.25
}
5 1.5
a2 5 }
1.5
an 5 5(22.8)n 2 1
a7 5 5(22.8)7 2 1 5 2409.45152
180
26. a1 5 120, r 5 } 5 1.5
120
an 5 120(1.5)n 2 1

common ratio.
5}
16
4
15. a1 5 1, r 5 2} 5 24
1
18
16. a1 5 6, r 5 } 5 3
6
an 5 1(24)n 2 1
an 5 6(3)n 2 1
a7 5 (24)7 2 1 5 4096
a7 5 6(3)7 2 1 5 4374
35
18. a1 5 7, r 5 2} 5 25
7
24
17. a1 5 4, r 5 } 5 6
4
an 5 4(6)n 2 1
an 5 7(25)n 2 1
a7 5 4(6)7 2 1
a7 5 7(25)7 2 1
5 186,624
5 109,375
a7 5 120(1.5)7 2 1 5 1366.875
27. B;
20
a1 5 5, r 5 }
54
5
an 5 5(4)n 2 1
28. a1 5 5, r 5 3
an 5 5(3)n 2 1
n
an
15
45 135 405 1215
3
2
}
an
3
19. a1 5 2, r 5
5 }4
2
3 n21
an 5 21 }4 2
3 721
a7 5 21 }4 2
729
5}
2048
6
2}5
2
20. a1 5 3, r 5 } 5 2}
3
5
125
21
n21
an 5 31 2}5 2
2
2 721
a7 5 31 2}5 2
192
5}
15,625
Algebra 2
681
6/27/06 11:32:13 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
1
32. a5 5 1, r 5 }
8
29. a1 5 22, r 5 6
an 5 22(6)n 2 1
n
an
22
212
1600
a5 5 a1r 5 2 1
3
1 5 a11 }8 2
1 4
272 2432 22592
215,552
4096 5 a1
1 n21
an 5 40961 }8 2
an
1
an
4096
512
64
0.125
an
30. a2 5 6, r 5 2
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1
6 5 a1(2)1
400
3 5 a1
21
n21
an 5 3(2)
1
33. a4 5 212, r 5 2}
4
a4 5 a1r 4 2 1
an
12
24
48
96
212 5 a11 2}4 2
1 3
an
768 5 a1
1 n21
10
an
768
2192
48
212
20.75
an
n
21
1
31. a2 5 15, r 5 }
2
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1
15 5 a11 }2 2
1 1
100
21
30 5 a1
1 n21
an 5 301 }2 2
n
an
30
15
7.5
3.75
an
1.875 0.9375
an 5 7681 2}4 2
3
1
682
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:32:23 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
34. a3 5 75, r 5 5
37. In the rst step, the exponent should be n 2 1.
an 5 a1r n 2 1
a3 5 a1r 3 2 1
an 5 3(2)n 2 1
75 5 a1(5)2
38. In the rst step, r should be raised to the (n 2 1)th power,
3 5 a1
not a1.
n21
an 5 3(5)
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an
15
75
375
an 5 3(2)n 2 1
1875 9375
an
39. a1 5 3, a3 5 12
a3 5 a1r 3 2 1
12 5 3r 2
4 5 r2
62 5 r
an 5 3(2)n 2 1 or an 5 3(22)n 2 1
40. a1 5 1, a5 5 625
a5 5 a1r 5 2 1
1000
625 5 1 p r 4
21
65 5 r
35. a2 5 8, r 5 4
an 5 1(5)n 2 1 or an 5 1(25)n 2 1
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1
1
41. a1 5 2}, a4 5 216
4
8 5 a1(4)1
2 5 a1
a4 5 a1r 4 2 1
an 5 2(4)n 2 1
216 5 2}4 r 3
an
32
128
512
2048
45r
1
an
64 5 r 3
an 5 2}4(4)n 2 1
42. a3 5 10, a6 5 270
10
r
a3 5 a1r 3 2 1 10 5 a1r 2 a1 5 }2
a6 5 a1r 6 2 1 270 5 a1r 5
1r 2
10
270 5 }2 r 5
200
270 5 10r 3
n
21
27 5 r 3
36. a4 5 500, r 5 5
35r
a4 5 a1r 4 2 1
10
10
a1 5 }
5}
32
9
500 5 a1(5)3
an 5 a1r n 2 1
4 5 a1
an 5 4(5)n 2 1
10
an 5 }
(3)n 2 1
9
an
20
100
500
2500
12,500
an
1500
21
Algebra 2
683
6/27/06 11:32:29 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
43. a2 5 240, a4 5 210
240
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1 240 5 a1r a1 5 }

r
a4 5 a1r 4 2 1 210 5 a1r 3
7
7
46. a3 5 }, a5 5 }
4
16
3
210 5 1 }
r 2r
a5 5 a1r 5 2 1 }
5 a1r 4
16
240
7
7
} 5 }2 r 4
210 5 240r 2
1 2
16
4r
7 2
7
} 5 }r
4
16
1
} 5 r2
4
1
1
4
6}2 5 r
} 5 r2
240
5 280 or
a1 5 }
1
}
240
a1 5 }
5 80
1
2}
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 a1r n 2 1
1 n21
an 5 2801 }2 2
1 n21
an 5 801 2}2 2
44. a2 5 224, a5 5 1536
224
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1 224 5 a1r a1 5 }

r
a5 5 a1r 5 2 1 1536 5 a1r 4
224 4
1536 5 1 }
r 2r
6}2 5 r
7
}
4
}
a1 5 1 2 5 7
6}2
1 2
an 5 a1r n 2 1
n21
an 5 71 }1 2
2
243
47. a4 5 6, a7 5 }
8
6
r
243
a7 5 a1r 7 2 1 }
5 a1r 6
8
264 5 r 3
24 5 r
1 2
6
243
} 5 }3 r 6
8
r
243
} 5 6r 3
8
224
a1 5 }
56
24
an 5 a1r n 2 1
243
48
162
162 5 a1r a1 5 }
r3
3
a7 5 a1r 7 2 1 4374 5 a1r 6
1 2
162
r
6
4374 5 }
3 r
4374 5 162r
27 5 r 2
35r
162
a1 5 }
5 6
33
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 6(3)n 2 1
5r
243
48
3
45. a4 5 162, a7 5 4374
3}
312
4
}5r
312
1}
4 2
an 5 a1r n 2 1
3}
32 312 n 2 1
}
an 5 }
27
4
2
22
S10 5 51 1}
5 5115
122 2
1 2 r 10
48. S10 5 a1 }
12r
10
1 2 r8
49. S8 5 a1 }
12r
1 2 48
S8 5 6 } 5 131,070
124
684
32
a1 5 }
5}
3} 3
27
} 5 r3
an 5 6(24)n 2 1
421
1 n21
or an 5 71 2}2 2
a4 5 a1r 4 2 1 6 5 a1r 3 a1 5 }3
1536 5 224r 3
a4 5 a1r
7
4r
a3 5 a1r 3 2 1 }4 5 a1r 2 a1 5 }2
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:32:34 AM
Chapter 12,
7
50.
121 2}12 2
i50
121 2}12 2
i21
Problem Solving
i51
57. a. a1 5 5, r 5 2
12r
S8 5 a1 }
12r
continued
an 5 5(2)n 2 1
1 8
1 2 1 2}2 2
255
S8 5 12 } 5 }
32
1
}
1 2 1 22 2
There are 75 skydivers in four rings.
1
58. a. a1 5 32, r 5 }
2
1 1 22
1 6
1 2 1 }4 2
1 n21
an 5 321 }2 2
1365
S6 5 4 } 5 }
256
1
}
12 4
12
12r
52. S12 5 a1 }
12r
1 n 6 are the logical values because a6 5 1.
3 12
1 2 1 }2 2
10
11
1
1
1 n21
an 5 5121 }2 2
b. Find n when an 5 1.
1 n21
an 5 5121 }2 2
1 n21
1 5 5121 }2 2
S9 5 2 } 5 19,682
S5 5 100, choose r 5 2, nd a1.
n21
1 12 2
1
512
}5 }
55. Sample answer:
1 2 r5
S5 5 a1 }
12r
and r 5 }2 .
54. C;
1 2 }2
1 2 (24)11
1 2 (24)
1 2 39
123
1 6
59. a. After the rst pass, 512 items remain, so a1 5 512
S11 5 1 } 5 838,861
12r
S9 5 a1 }
12r
1 2 1 }2 2
63 games are played in the tournament.
11
S6 5 32 }
5 63
1
(24)i 5 i
(24)i 2 1
i50
51
12r
S11 5 a1 }
12r
1 2 r6
b. S6 5 a1 }
12r
527,345
S12 5 8 } 5 }
256
3
}
1 2 122
53.
122
S4 5 5 }
5 75
122
1 2 r6
51. S6 5 a1 }
12r
1 2 r4
b. S4 5 a1 }
12r
log }
5 (n 2 1)log 1 }2 2
512
1
122
100 5 a1 }
122
log }
512
}115n
1
log }2
10 5 n
100 5 a1(31)
On the tenth pass, only one term remains.
100
31
} 5 a1
60. a. a1 5 1, r 5 8
200
100
400
800
1600
Series: }
1}
1}
1}
1}
31
31
31
31
31
x
56. a. a1 5 1, r 5 } 5 x
1
1 2 r5
S5 5 a1 }
12r
11 2 x 2
12x
6x 3
b. a1 5 3x, r 5 } 5 2x 2
3x
4
11 2 8 2
S8 5 1 }
5 2,396,745
128
2,396,745 squares are removed through stage 8.
8
8
1
b. b1 5 1 2 } 5 }, r 5 }
9
9
9
8 8 n21
bn 5 }9 1 }9 2
1 1122(2x2x ) 2
2 4
S4 5 3x }
2
12r
S8 5 a1 }
12r
S5 5 1 }
5}
12x
12x
an 5 8n 2 1
12r
S4 5 a1 }
12r
an 5 1(8)n 2 1
1 2 16x 8
S4 5 3x }
1 2 2x 2
8 8 12 2 1
b12 5 }9 1 }9 2
0.2433
The remaining area of the original square after the

twelfth stage is about 0.2433 square unit.
Algebra 2
685
6/27/06 11:32:39 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
61. a. For Company A:
d.
a1 5 20,000, d 5 1000
For Company A
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 20,000 1 (n 2 1)(1000)
an 5 19,000 1 1000n
This sequence is arithmetic.
For Company B:
b1 5 20,000, r 5 1.04
bn 5 a1r n 2 1
bn 5 20,000(1.04)n 2 1
This sequence is geometric.
27,000
26,000
25,000
24,000
23,000
22,000
21,000
20,000
an
bn
19,000
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 n
Years of employment
c. For Company A:
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
an
Sn
Sn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
$20,000.00
$21,000.00
$22,000.00
$23,000.00
$24,000.00
$25,000.00
$26,000.00
$27,000.00
$28,000.00
$29,000.00
$30,000.00
$31,000.00
$32,000.00
$33,000.00
$34,000.00
$35,000.00
$36,000.00
$37,000.00
$38,000.00
$39,000.00
$20,000.00
$41,000.00
$63,000.00
$86,000.00
$110,000.00
$135,000.00
$161,000.00
$188,000.00
$216,000.00
$245,000.00
$275,000.00
$306,000.00
$338,000.00
$371,000.00
$405,000.00
$440,000.00
$476,000.00
$513,000.00
$551,000.00
$590,000.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
$20,000.00
$40,800.00
$62,432.00
$84,929.28
$108,326.45
$132,659.51
$157,965.89
$184,284.53
$211,655.91
$240,122.14
$269,727.03
$300,516.11
$332,536.75
$365,838.22
$400,471.75
$436,490.62
$473,950.25
$512,908.26
$553,424.59
$595,561.57
The total amount earned by Company B is greater than

the amount earned by Company A after 19 years.
20,000 1 39,000
S20 5 20 }} 5 590,000
2
62. a1 5 2000, r 5 1.05
For Company B:
30
12r
S30 5 a1 }
12r
Sn 5 a11 }
12r 2
12r
1 1 2 (1.04) 2
20
S20 5 20,000 }
5 595,561.57
1 2 1.04
The sum of the wages during the rst 20 years of
employment is $590,000 for Company A and about
$595,562 for Company B.
1 2 1.0530
S30 5 2000 }
132,877.70
1 2 1.05
You will have $132,877.70 in the IRA after your

last deposit.
Mixed Review
63.
2
9
1 1
3 2
21
64.
27
23
22
21
6
0
65.
2.7
2 8 21.8
27
26
25
24
4
66. } 5 9
11x
4 5 9(1 1 x)
4 5 9 1 9x
25 5 9x
5
2}9 5 x
686
5
6
23
22
21
3
67. } 5 10
12x
3 5 10(1 2 x)
3 5 10 2 10x
27 5 210x
11
4
Salary (dollars)
b.
For Company B
x5}
10
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:32:46 AM
Chapter 12,
12
5
x14
2
3x
68.
continued
76.
}5}
(22i 1 1) 5 (22(5) 1 1) 1 (22(6) 1 1) 1 . . .

i55
1 (22(11) 1 1) 1 (22(12) 1 1)
2(x 1 4) 5 5(3x)
5 29 2 11 2 13 2 15 2 17
2x 1 8 5 15x
2 19 2 21 2 23
8 5 13x
5 2128
8
13
}5x
77.
x
x
69. } 5 }
3
x26
4i 2 5 4(4)2 1 4(5)2 1 4(6)2 1 4(7)2 1 4(8)2 1 4(9)2
i54
5 1084
x(3) 5 x(x 2 6)
3x 5 x 2 2 6x
Quiz 12.112.3 (p. 817)
0 5 x 2 2 9x
1. Given terms: 1, 3, 5, 7, . . .
0 5 x(x 2 9)
Rewritten terms: 2(1) 2 1, 2(2) 2 1, 2(3) 2 1, 2(4) 2 1
x 5 0 or x 5 9
Next term: 2(5) 2 1 5 9
18
70.
x
18
x 2}
2 x 5 x(11)
x
2} 2 x 5 11
Rule for nth term: an 5 2n 2 1
2. Given terms: 25, 10, 215, 20, . . .
Rewritten terms: (21)1(5(1)), (21)2(5(2)), (21)3(5(3)),

(21)4(5(4))
0 5 x 2 1 11x 1 18
Next term: (21)5(5(5)) 5 225
0 5 (x 1 2)(x 1 9)
Rule for nth term: an 5 (21)n(5n)
218 2 x 5 11x
x 5 22 or x 5 29
x2
71.
x 1 16 5 }
x28
(x 2 8)(x 1 16) 5 x 2
x 2 1 16x 2 8x 2 128 5 x 2
8x 2 128 5 0
8x 5 128
x 5 16
72.
1)
(i 2 1 1) 5 (22 1 1) 1 (32 1 1) 1 (42 1 1) 1 (52 1
i52
1 2 3 4
3. Given terms: }, }, }, }, . . .
20 30 40 50
3
1
2
Rewritten terms: }, }, },
(1 1 1)(10) (2 1 1)(10) (3 1 1)(10)
4
}
(4 1 1)(10)
5
5
Next term: } 5 }
60
(5 1 1)(10)
n
Rule for nth term: an 5 }
10(n 1 1)
4. Given terms: 4, 16, 64, 256, . . .
Rewritten terms: 41, 42, 43, 44
1 (6 1 1) 1 (7 1 1) 1 (8 1 1)
2
Next term: 45 5 1024
5 5 1 10 1 17 1 26 1 37 1 50 1 65
11
73.
5 210
6i 5 6(3) 1 6(4) 1 6(5) 1 6(6) 1 6(7)

i53
Rule for nth term: an 5 4 n

5. Given terms: 2, 6, 12, 20, . . .
Rewritten terms: 1(1 1 1), 2(2 1 1), 3(3 1 1), 4(4 1 1)
1 6(8) 1 6(9) 1 6(10) 1 6(11)
Next term: 5(5 1 1) 5 30
5 18 1 24 1 30 1 36 1 42 1 48 1 54 1 60 1
Rule for nth term: an 5 n(n 1 1)
66
6
74.
5 378
(5 2 i) 5 (5 2 1) 1 (5 2 2) 1 (5 2 3)
i51
6. Given terms: 9, 36, 81, 144, . . .
Rewritten terms: 9(12), 9(22), 9(32), 9(42)

Next term: 9(52) 5 225
1 (5 2 4) 1 (5 2 5) 1 (5 2 6)
5 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 (21)
15
75.
Rule for nth term: an 5 9n2 5 (3n)2
59
(3i 1 4) 5 (3(7) 1 4) 1 (3(8) 1 4)
i57
5 64 1 100 1 144 1 196 1 256 1 324
7.
2i 3 5 2(13) 1 2(23) 1 2(33) 1 2(43)

i51
5 2 1 16 1 54 1 128
1 (3(9) 1 4) 1 . . . 1 (3(14) 1 4)
5 200
1 (3(15) 1 4)
5 25 1 28 1 31 1 34 1 37 1 40
1 43 1 46 1 49
5 333
8.
(k 2 1 3) 5 (12 1 3) 1 (22 1 3) 1 (32 1 3)
k51
1 (42 1 3) 1 (52 1 3)
5 4 1 7 1 12 1 19 1 28
5 70
Algebra 2
687
6/27/06 11:32:50 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
1
1
1
1
1
1
}5}1}1}1}1}
9.
221
321
421
521
621
n52 n21
1
5 1 1 }2 1 }3 1 }4 1 }5
137
5}
60
12r
a15 5 25 1 6(15) 5 85
a1 1 a15
Sn 5 n }
2
1 1 85
S15 5 15 }
5 645
2
3
1
11. a1 5 }, d 5 }
2
2
1
15
15. a1 5 23, r 5 } 5 25
23
an 5 a1r n 2 1
43
a15 5 21 1 }2 (15) 5 }
2
16. a1 5 2057, r 5 1.06
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 5 1 (n 2 1)(23)
an 5 8 2 3n
In 2002, n 5 8.
a8 5 2057(1.06)8 2 1 3092.97
In 2002, the average tuition at a public college was
about $3092.97.
Mixed Review of Problem Solving (p. 818)
1. a. a1 5 45,000, r 5 1.035
an 5 a1r n 2 1
a15 5 8 2 3(15) 5 237
2
5 1 (237)
S15 5 15 }
5 2240
2
8
13. a1 5 2, r 5 } 5 4
2
an 5 a1r n 2 1
15 2 1
During your 5th year of employment, your salary will

be $51,638.54.
1 2 rn
c. Sn 5 a1 }
12r
1 2 (1.035)30
S30 5 45,000 }
2,323,020.48
1 2 1.035
5 536,870,912
1 2 rn
Sn 5 a1 }
12r
1 2 415
S15 5 2 }
5 715,827,882
124
b. a5 5 45,000(1.035)5 2 1 51,638.54
an 5 2(4)n 2 1
a15 5 2(4)
an 5 45,000(1.035)n 2 1
After 30 years, you will have earned a total of

$2,323,020.48.
2. a. A 5 r 2
a1 5 (12) 5
a2 5 (22) 2 (12) 5 3
a3 5 (32) 2 (22) 5 5
a1 5 , d 5 2
an 5 1 (n 2 1)(2) 5 (2n 2 1)
2 5 165
43
1
2
2
}
}1}
a 1a
an 5 2057(1.06)n 2 1
12. a1 5 5, d 5 23
12r
1 2 (25)15
S15 5 23 } 5 215,258,789,063
1 2 (25)
an 5 21 1 }2 n
1
n
Sn 5 n }
1 2 1 }3 2
12r
Sn 5 a11 }
2
S15 5 2 } 5.986
a15 5 23(25)15 2 1 5 218,310,546,875
an 5 }2 1 (n 2 1)1 }2 2
S15 5 15
2 15
1 2 1 }3 2
an 5 23(25)n 2 1
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
32,768
5}
4,782,969
12r
Sn 5 a11 }
2
an 5 25 1 6n
2 n21
an 5 21 }3 2
15 2 1
an 5 1 1 (n 2 1)(6)
Sn 5 n }
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
a1 1 an
2
14. a1 5 2, r 5
5 }3
2
a15 5 21 }2 2
10. a1 5 1, d 5 6
4
3
}
}
b.
688
(2i 2 1)
i51
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:32:55 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
c. For n 5 1:
For n 5 2:
For n 5 4:
(2i 2 1) 5
i51
2
(2i 2 1) 5 1 3 5 4
i51
4
(2i 2 1) 5 1 3 1 5 1 7
i51
5 16
5. a1 5 15, d 5 21
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 15 1 (n 2 1)(21)
an 5 16 2 n
6 5 16 2 n
n 5 10
(2i 2 1) 5 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9
i51
1 11 1 13 1 15 5 64
When the number of rings is doubled, the total area
is quadrupled.
3. Tables placed together by short edges:
Sequence: 6, 10, 14, 18 . . .

a1 5 6, d 5 4
an 5 6 1 (n 2 1)(4) 5 2 1 4n
Tables placed together by long edges:
Sequence: 6, 8, 10, 12 . . .
a1 5 6, d 5 2
an 5 6 1 (n 2 1)(2) 5 4 1 2n
When the tables are connected by the short edges,
2 1 4n 2 (4 1 2n), or 22 1 2n, more people can
be seated.
n 5 8, Sn 5 70
15 1 6
There are 105 pieces of chalk in the pile.

6. a1 5 9, d 5 7
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 9 1 (n 2 1)(7)
an 5 2 1 7n
The height at the top of the 10th stair is 2 1 7(10) 5 72
inches. To nd the height of the bottom of the nth stair,
subtract the height of the nth stair from an. So,
an 5 2 1 7n 2 7 5 25 1 7n.
7. a. The sequence is geometric because each term is half
of the previous term.

1
b. a1 5 66, r 5 }
2
an 5 a1r n 2 1
1 n21
an 5 661 }2 2
c.
a1 1 an
S10 5 101 }
2 5 105
2
4. Sample answer:
1 2 2
a 1a
70 5 8 1 } 2
2
Sn 5 n }
1
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
For n 5 8:
an
66 33 16.5
8.25
4.125
2.0625 1.03125
The points lie on an

exponential decay curve.
an
17.5 5 a1 1 a8
Choose a1 5 1.75 and a8 5 15.75.

an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
a8 5 a1 1 (8 2 1)d
15.75 5 1.75 1 7d
14 5 7d
25d
A series is
(2i 2 0.25). So, an 5 1.75 1 (n 2 1)(2),
i51
or an 5 20.25 1 2n.
d.
an < 1
1 n21
661 }2 2
n21
1 }12 2
<1
1
<}
66
(n 2 1) log1 }2 2 < log }

66
1
log }
66
n21<}
1
log }2
n < 7.044
Because n represents the number of two-hour
intervals, there will be less than one gram of
Platinum-197 after about 14 hours.
Algebra 2
689
6/27/06 11:32:59 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
8. Sample answer:
Choose a geometric series with ve terms:

1 1 2 1 4 1 8 1 16 5 31.
Next, nd an arithmetic series with ve terms and a sum
of 31.
a1 1 an
Sn 5 }
2
a1 1 a5
31 5 5 }
2
12.4 5 a1 1 a5
Choose a1 5 2.2 and a5 5 10.2.
2
1. S1 5 } 5 0.40
5
2
4
}
S2 5 5 1 }
5 0.56
25
8
2
4
S3 5 }5 1 }
1}
0.62
25
125
8
16
2
4
S4 5 }5 1 }
1}
1}
0.65
25
125
625
8
16
32
2
4
S5 5 }5 1 }
1}
1}
1}
0.66
25
125
625
3125
2
As n increases, Sn appears to approach }3 .
Sn
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
10.2 5 2.2 1 4d
8 5 4d
25d
So, an 5 2.2 1 (n 2 1)(2) 5 0.2 1 2n and the series is
2.2 1 4.2 1 6.2 1 8.2 1 10.2 5 31.
Lesson 12.4
Investigating Algebra Activity 12.4 (p. 819)
1 1
Step 4. The next three areas are }8, }

, and }
. These areas
16
32
form a geometric sequence because there is a common
1
1
2. a1 5 1, r 5 2}
2
a1
1
2
S5}
5}
5 }3
12r
1
}
1 2 1 22 2
5
3. r 5 }
4
5
Because }4 1, the series has no sum.
ratio of }2.
3
}
4
1
}
4. a1 5 3, r 5
5}
Step 5.
Number
of pieces
Combined
area
1
}
2
3
1
1
}1}5}
4
4
2
7
1
3
}1}5}
8
8
4
4
7
8
5
15
5}
}1}
16
16
15
16
1
32
a1
S5}
5}
54
1
12r
31
32
1 2 }4
5. a1 5 10, r 5 0.8
a1
10
d5}
5}
5 50
12r
1 2 0.8
The pendulum swings a total distance of 50 inches.

6. 0.555. . . 5 5(0.1) 1 5(0.1)2 1 5(0.1)3 1 . . .
}1}5}
a1
5}
12r
5(0.1)
1. The total area appears to be approaching one square unit.
5}
1 2 0.1
1 2 rn
2. An 5 A1 }
12r
5}
0.9
1 n
0.5
1 2 1 }2 2
1
1 n
An 5 }2 }
5 1 2 }2
1
1 2 }2
1 2
As n gets large, An gets close to 1. For example, when

n 5 10, An 5 0.9990234375, and when n 5 100, An 1.
5 }9
7. 0.727272. . . 5 72(0.01) 1 72(0.01)2 1 72(0.01)3 1 . . .
a1
5}
12r
72(0.01)
5}
1 2 0.01
0.72
5}
0.99
8
Number
of pieces
Combined
area
0.1
5}
11
690
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:33:03 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
8. 0.131313. . . 5 13(0.01) 1 13(0.01)2 1 13(0.01)3 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
13(0.01)
5}
1 2 0.01
5. S1 5 4
12
S2 5 4 1 }
5 6.4
5
12
36
12
36
108
12
36
108
S3 5 4 1 }
1}
5 7.84
5
25
S4 5 4 1 }
1}
1}
8.70
5
25
125
0.13
5}
0.99
324
S5 5 4 1 }
1}
1}
1}
9.22
5
25
125
625
13
5}
99
Sn appears to be approaching 10.
Skill Practice
1. The sum Sn of the rst n terms of an innite series is
called a partial sum.
2. If r < 1, the series has a sum.
1
3. S1 5 } 5 0.5
2
1
1
S2 5 }2 1 }6 0.67
1
1
1
S3 5 }2 1 }6 1 }
0.72
18
1
1
1
1
S4 5 }2 1 }6 1 }
1}
0.74
18
54
1
1
1
1
1
S5 5 }2 1 }6 1 }
1}
1}
0.75
18
54
162
3
Sn appears to be approaching }4.

y
1
1
1
6. S1 5 } 5 0.25
4
5
1
S2 5 }4 1 }4 5 1.5
5
25
1
S3 5 }4 1 }4 1 }
5 7.75
4
5
25
125
1
S4 5 }4 1 }4 1 }
1}
5 39
4
4
5
25
125
625
1
S5 5 }4 1 }4 1 }
1}
1}
5 195.25
4
4
4
As n increases, Sn also increases. The series has no sum.

0.1
1
2
4. S1 5 } 0.67
3
2
1
S2 5 }3 1 }3 5 1
2
1
1
S3 5 }3 1 }3 1 }6 1.17
2
1
1
1
S4 5 }3 1 }3 1 }6 1 }
5 1.25
12
2
1
1
1
1
S5 5 }3 1 }3 1 }6 1 }
1}
1.29
12
24
1
3
Sn appears to be approaching 1}.

y
20
1
1
7. a1 5 8, r 5 }
5
a1
8
S5}
5 }1 5 10
12r
1 2 }5
3
8. r 5 }
2
3 1, the series has no sum.

Because }
2
5
9. r 5 }
3
5 1, the series has no sum.

Because }
3
3
11
10. a1 5 }, r 5 }
3
8
0.15
1
a1
11
3
88
S5}
5 }3 5 }
12r
15
1 2 }8
Algebra 2
n2ws-1200-b.indd 691
691
6/27/06 11:35:38 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
1
11. a1 5 2, r 5 }
6
a1
2
12
}
S 5 1 2 r 5 }1 5 }
5
}
126
2
12. a1 5 25, r 5 }
5
a1
25
25
S5}
5 }2 5 2}
12r
3
1 2 }5
8
9
13. a1 5 7, r 5 2}
63
1 2 1 2}9 2
10
14. r 5 2}
3
10
0.2
5}
0.9
2
5 }9
25. 0.444. . . 5 4(0.1) 1 4(0.1)2 1 4(0.1)3 1 . . .
a1
5}
12r
4(0.1)
5}
1 2 0.1
Because 2}
1, the series has no sum.
3
5}
0.9
Because 4 1, the series has no sum.
5 }9
15. r 5 4
1
16. a1 5 22, r 5 2}
4
a1
8
22
S5}
5}
5 2}5
12r
1
1 2 1 2}4 2
S5}
5}
5}
12r
10
3
1 2 1 2}7 2
18. r 5 3
Because 3 1, the series has no sum.

7
19. For this series, r 5 }.
2
7
1
2}
12
1
2
20. a1 5 2}, r 5 }
5 }3
1
8
2}8
1
2}8
a1
3
}
}
S512r5
5 2}8
2
}
123
2
2}9
2
1
21. a1 5 }, r 5 }
5 2}3
2
3
}
3
2
}
a1
3
1
}
}
5 }2
S512r5
1
1 2 2}3
4
}
5
9
4
22. a1 5 }, r 5 }
5 }3
4
15
}
15
1 2

23. a1 5 3, r 5
a1
5
}
2
}
26. 0.161616. . . 5 16(0.01) 1 16(0.01)2 1 16(0.01)3 1 . . .
a1
5}
12r
16(0.01)
5}
1 2 0.01
3
7
17. a1 5 1, r 5 2}
a1
0.4
5
6
0.16
5}
0.99
16
5}
99
27. 0.625625625. . . 5 625(0.001) 1 625(0.001)2
1 625(0.001)3 1 . . .
a1
5}
12r
625(0.001)
5}
1 2 0.001
0.625
5}
0.999
625
5}
999
28. 32.3232. . . 5 32 1 32(0.01) 1 32(0.01)2 1 . . .
a1
5}
12r
32
5}
1 2 0.01
32
5}
0.99
3200
5}
99
29. 130.130130. . . 5 130 1 130(0.001)
1 130(0.001)2 1 . . .
a1
5}
5}
12r
5}
1 2 0.001
S5}
5}
5 5 18
12r
1 2 }6
130
a1
S5}
5}
5}
12r
17
8
24. 0.222. . . 5 2(0.1) 1 2(0.1)2 1 2(0.1)3 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
2(0.1)
5}
1 2 0.1
130
5}
0.999
130,000
5}
999
692
Algebra 2
6/28/06 1:54:02 PM
Chapter 12,
continued
30. 0.090909. . . 5 9(0.01) 1 9(0.01)2 1 9(0.01)3 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
9(0.01)
5}
1 2 0.01
0.09
1
31. 0.2777. . . 5 0.2 1 7(0.1)2 1 7(0.1)3 1 7(0.1)4 1 . . .

a1
5 0.2 1 }
12r
7(0.1)2
5 0.2 1 }
1 2 0.1
0.07
5 0.2 1 }
0.9
a1
S5}
5}
12r
1 2 4x
If the series has a sum, 24 < x < 4.

a1
S5}
5}
1
12r
1 2 }4 x
Problem Solving
37. d 5 14 1 14(0.8) 1 14(0.8)2 1 . . .
18
7
5
5}
1}
5}
90
90
18
a1
5}
12r
32. C;
18.1818. . . 5 18 1 18(0.01) 1 18(0.01)2 1 . . .
14
5}
1 2 0.8
5 70
18
5}
1 2 0.01
The person swings a total distance of 70 feet.
1800
38. S 5 350,000 1 350,000(0.88) 1 350,000(0.88)2 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
5}
0.99
1800
5}
99
200
350,000
5}
11
}x
2
1
36. a1 5 6, r 5 } 5 }x
6
4
5}
11
5}
1 2 0.88
33. 0.999. . . 5 9(0.1) 1 9(0.1)2 1 9(0.1)3 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
9(0.1)
5}
1 2 0.1
0.9
0.9
2,916,666.67
The maximum amount of prot the company can make
is $2,916,666.67.
39. D;
S 5 345 1 345(0.783) 1 345(0.783)2 1 . . .

a1
5}
5}
12r
51
345
5}
1 2 0.783
34. Sample answer:
1
a. Choose r 5 }.
2
a1
S5}
12r
a1
5 5 }1
1 2 }2
1589.86
The company will ship a total of about
1.59 billion cassettes.
10
1
40. Distance: a1 5 20, r 5 } 5 }
20
2
a1
Sd 5 }
12r
5
2
} 5 a1
20
}52 1 }12 2
i21
i51
Sd 5 }1 5 40
1 2 }2
0.5
5 0.5
Time: a1 5 1, r 5 }
1
1
b. Choose r 5 }.
5
a1
S5}
12r
a1
5 5 }1
1 2 }5
a1
St 5 }
12r
1
St 5 }
52
1 2 0.5
Because both series have nite sums, Archilles catches
up to the tortoise in 2 seconds after 40 feet is traveled.
4 5 a1
`
The rst series is
If the series has a sum, 2}4 < x < }4.
5}
0.99
The rst series is
4x
35. a1 5 1, r 5 } 5 4x
1
i21
41 }15 2
i51
Algebra 2
693
6/28/06 1:54:34 PM
Chapter 12,
continued
41. a. The ball bounces 6 1 6, or 12 feet between the rst
and second bounce, and 4.5 1 4.5, or 9 feet between

the second and third bounce.
b. a1 5 12, r 5 0.75
12(0.75)
i21
i51
a1
12
c. S 5 } 5 } 5 48
12r
1 2 0.75
The ball travels a total distance of 48 1 8 5 56 feet.

d. a1 5 2(0.75)h, r 5 0.75
Total distance 5 distance from each bounce

1 original distance
a1
5}
1h
12r
2(0.75)h
5}
1h
1 2 0.75
5 6h 1 h
5 7h
If the ball is dropped from a distance of h feet, it
travels a total distance of 7h feet.
3
3
3
16
1
42. a. a1 5 }, a2 5 }, r 5 }
5 }4
1
4
16
}
4
a8 5 a1 1 (8 2 1)d
72 5 a1 1 7(218)
198 5 a1
an 5 198 1 (n 2 1)(218) 5 216 2 18n
49. d 5 27, a7 5 28
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
a7 5 a1 1 (7 2 1)d
28 5 a1 1 6(27)
34 5 a1
an 5 34 1 (n 2 1)(27) 5 41 2 7n
50. d 5 6.5, a5 5 92
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
a5 5 a1 1 (5 2 1)d
92 5 a1 1 4(6.5)
66 5 a1
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
n21
1 3
} 1}2
an 5 n
n51
5 14 4
1
}
4
}
5
3
1 2 }4
51
This answer means that eventually, one square unit
of area will be removed from the triangle, so no area
will remain.
Mixed Review
43. P(A or B) 5 P(A) 1 P(B) 2 P(A and B)
0.82 5 0.32 1 P(B) 2 0.11

0.61 5 P(B)
P(B) 5 61%
44. P(A or B) 5 P(A) 1 P(B) 2 P(A and B)
0.6 5 P(A) 1 0.17 2 0.03

0.46 5 P(A)
45.
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
P(A or B) 5 P(A) 1 P(B) 2 P(A and B)
a9 5 a1 1 (9 2 1)d
4 5 a1 1 8(21.5)
16 5 a1
an 5 16 1 (n 2 1)(21.5) 5 17.5 2 1.5n
52. r 5 2.5, a3 5 25
53. r 5 23, a2 5 218
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 a1r n 2 1
a3 5 a1r 3 2 1
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1
218 5 a1(23)1
25 5 a1(2.5)
4 5 a1
an 5 4(2.5)n 2 1
54. r 5 20.25, a5 5 40.5
an 5 a1r n 2 1
a5 5 a1r 5 2 1
240.5 5 a1(0.25)4
210,368 5 a1
an 5 210,368(0.25)n 2 1
6 5 a1
an 5 6(23)n 2 1
b.
48. d 5 218, a8 5 72
51. d 5 21.5, a9 5 4
1 3 n21
an 5 }4 1 }4 2
an 5 227 1 (n 2 1)(8) 5 235 1 8n
an 5 66 1 (n 2 1)(6.5) 5 59.5 1 6.5n
n21
an 5 2 1 (n 2 1)(5) 5 23 1 5n
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 12(0.75)n 2 1
an 5 a1r
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
47. d 5 8, a1 5 227
an 5 a1r n 2 1
Series:
46. d 5 5, a1 5 2
0.5 5 0.2 1 0.4 2 P(A and B)

P(A and B) 5 0.1
694
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:35:50 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
55. r 5 6, a4 5 24
56. r 5 0.75, a6 5 30
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 a1r n 2 1
421
621
a4 5 a1r
a6 5 a1r
24 5 a1(6)3
1
9
} 5 a1
1
9
an 5 } (6)n 2 1
a2 5 2a1 2 1 5 2(4) 2 1 5 7
a3 5 2a2 2 1 5 2(7) 2 1 5 13
30 5 a1(0.75)5
a4 5 2a3 2 1 5 2(13) 2 1 5 25
10,240
} 5 a1
81
10,240
an 5 }
(0.75)n 2 1
81
a5 5 2a4 2 1 5 2(25) 2 1 5 49
57. r 5 4, a4 5 128
14
5. a1 5 21, r 5 } 5 7
2
an 5 r p an 2 1
an 5 7an 2 1
an 5 a1r n 2 1
6. a1 5 19, d 5 13 2 19 5 26
a4 5 a1r 4 2 1
an 5 an 2 1 1 d
128 5 a1(4)3
an 5 an 2 1 2 6
2 5 a1
7. a1 5 11, d 5 22 2 11 5 11
an 5 2(4)n 2 1
an 5 an 2 1 1 d
an 5 an 2 1 1 11
Lesson 12.5
Investigating Algebra Activity 12.5 (p. 826)
1. Sequence: 4; 28; 196; 1372; 9604; 67,228; 470,596;
3,294,172
2. a1 5 15, d 5 11 2 15 5 24
an 5 an 2 1 2 4
27
81
1
3
3. a1 5 81, r 5 } 5 }
an 5 }3 an 2 1
4. Arithmetic sequences: an 5 an 2 1 1 d
4. a1 5 4
Geometric sequences: an 5 ran 2 1

1. a1 5 3
a2 5 a1 2 7 5 3 2 7 5 24
a3 5 a2 2 7 5 24 2 7 5 211
a4 5 a3 2 7 5 211 2 7 5 218
a5 5 a4 2 7 5 218 2 7 5 225
2. a0 5 162
a1 5 0.5a0 5 0.5(162) 5 81
a2 5 0.5a1 5 0.5(81) 5 40.5
a3 5 0.5a2 5 0.5(40.5) 5 20.25
a4 5 0.5a3 5 0.5(20.25) 5 10.125
3. a0 5 1
a1 5 a0 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 2
a2 5 a1 1 2 5 2 1 2 5 4
a3 5 a2 1 3 5 4 1 3 5 7
a4 5 a3 1 4 5 7 1 4 5 11
108
1
8. a1 5 324, r 5 } 5 }
324
3
an 5 r p an 2 1
1
an 5 }3 an 2 1
9. a1 5 1
a2 5 2
a3 5 2 5 a1 p a2
a4 5 4 5 a2 p a3
a1 5 1, a2 5 2, an 5 (an 2 2)(an 2 1)
10. a1 5 50,000, an 5 0.7an 2 1 1 5000
The number of members stabilizes at about

16,667 members.
11. f(x) 5 4x 2 3, x0 5 2
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (2)
5 f (5)
5 f (17)
5 4(2) 2 3
5 4(5) 2 3
5 4(17) 2 3
55
5 17
5 65
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
12. f(x) 5 x2 2 5, x0 5 21
x1 5 f (x0)
5 f (21)
5 f (24)
5 f (11)
5 (21) 2 5
5 (24) 2 5
5 (11)2 2 5
5 24
5 11
5 116

Skill Practice
1. The repeated composition of a function with itself is
called iteration.
2. An explicit rule gives the value based on the position of
the term in the sequence. A recursive rule gives the value

based on the previous term in the sequence.
Algebra 2
695
6/27/06 11:35:54 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
3. a1 5 1
12. A;
a2 5 a1 1 3 5 1 1 3 5 4
a1 5 1
a3 5 a2 1 3 5 4 1 3 5 7
a2 5 4
a4 5 a3 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 10
a5 5 a4 1 3 5 10 1 3 5 13
4. a0 5 4
a4 5 a3 p a2 5 4 p 4 5 16
13. a1 5 21, d 5 14 2 21 5 27
an 5 an 2 1 1 d 5 an 2 1 2 7
a2 5 2a1 5 2(8) 5 16
a3 5 2a2 5 2(16) 5 32
a4 5 2a3 5 2(32) 5 64
5. a1 5 21
a2 5 a1 2 5 5 21 2 5 5 26
a3 5 a2 2 5 5 26 2 5 5 211
a4 5 a3 2 5 5 211 2 5 5 216
a5 5 a4 2 5 5 216 2 5 5 221
6. a0 5 3
a1 5 a0 2 12 5 3 2 1 5 2
a2 5 a1 2 22 5 2 2 4 5 22
a3 5 a2 2 32 5 22 2 9 5 211
2
a4 5 a3 2 4 5 211 2 16 5 227
7. a1 5 2
2
a2 5 a1 1 1 5 2 1 1 5 5
a3 5 a22 1 1 5 52 1 1 5 26
2
a4 5 a3 1 1 5 26 1 1 5 677
a5 5 a42 1 1 5 6772 1 1 5 458,330
8. a0 5 4
a1 5 (a0)2 2 10 5 42 2 10 5 6
2
a2 5 (a1) 2 10 5 6 2 10 5 26
a3 5 (a2)2 2 10 5 262 2 10 5 666
2
a4 5 (a3) 2 10 5 666 2 10 5 443,546

9. a1 5 2
2
a2 5 2 1 3(2) 2 a1 5 4 1 6 2 2 5 8
a3 5 32 1 3(3) 2 a2 5 9 1 9 2 8 5 10
2
a4 5 4 1 3(4) 2 a3 5 16 1 12 2 10 5 18
a5 5 52 1 3(5) 2 a4 5 25 1 15 2 18 5 22
10. a0 5 2
a1 5 4
a2 5 a1 2 a0 5 4 2 2 5 2
a3 5 a2 2 a1 5 2 2 4 5 22
a4 5 a3 2 a2 5 22 2 2 5 24
11. a1 5 2
a2 5 3
a3 5 a2 p a1 5 3 p 2 5 6
a4 5 a3 p a2 5 6 p 3 5 18
a5 5 a4 p a3 5 18 p 6 5 108
12
14. a1 5 3, r 5 } 5 4
3
an 5 ran 2 1 5 4an 2 1
12
15. a1 5 4, r 5 2} 5 23
4
an 5 ran 2 1 5 23an 2 1
16. a1 5 1, d 5 8 2 1 5 7
an 5 an 2 1 1 d 5 an 2 1 1 7
11
1
17. a1 5 44, r 5 } 5 }
44
4
1
an 5 ran 2 1 5 }4 an 2 1
18. a1 5 1, a2 5 4
a3 5 5 5 a2 1 a1
a4 5 9 5 a3 1 a2
a1 5 1, a2 5 4, an 5 an 2 1 1 an 2 2
19. a1 5 54, d 5 43 2 54 5 211
an 5 an 2 1 1 d 5 an 2 1 2 11
20. a1 5 3, a2 5 5
a3 5 15 5 a2 p a1
a4 5 75 5 a3 p a2
a1 5 3, a2 5 5, an 5 an 2 1 p an 2 2
21. a1 5 16, a2 5 9
a3 5 7 5 a1 2 a2
a4 5 2 5 a2 2 a3
a1 5 16, a2 5 9, an 5 an 2 2 2 an 2 1
22. The previous terms must be dened rst.
a1 5 5, a2 5 2, an 5 an 2 2 2 an 2 1
23. The rule does not work for all the terms in the sequence.
a1 5 5, a2 5 2, an 5 an 2 2 2 an 2 1
24. f(x) 5 3x 2 2, x0 5 2
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (2)
5 f (4)
5 f (10)
5 3(2) 2 2
5 3(4) 2 2
5 3(10) 2 2
54
5 10
5 28
25. f(x) 5 5x 1 6, x0 5 22
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f (x2)
5 f (22)
5 f (24)
5 f (214)
5 5(22) 1 6
5 5(24) 1 6
5 5(214) 1 6
5 24
5 214
5 264
a1 5 2a0 5 2(4) 5 8
696
a3 5 a2 p a1 5 4 p 1 5 4
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:35:59 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
26. g(x) 5 24x 1 7, x0 5 1
x1 5 g(x0)
33. C;
x2 5 g(x1)
x3 5 g(x2)
5 g(1)
5 g(3)
5 g(25)
5 24(1) 1 7
5 24(3) 1 7
5 24(25) 1 7
53
5 27
5 25
1
27. f(x) 5 } x 2 3, x0 5 2
2
x1 5 f(x0)
x2 5 f(x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (2)
5 f (22)
5 f (24)
1
5 }2(2) 2 3
1
5 }2(22) 2 3
1
5 }2(24) 2 3
5 22
5 24
5 25
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (9)
5 f (11)
5 }3 (6) 1 5
5 }3 (9) 1 5
5 }3 (11) 1 5
59
5 11
5 12}3
5 h(5)
5 h(21)
5 (23) 2 4
5 (5) 2 4
5 (21) 2 4
55
5 21
5 437
30. f(x) 5 2x 1 1, x0 5 21
5 22(5) 1 3
55
5 27
34. a1 5 3, a2 5 8
a3 5 17 5 a12 1 a2
a4 5 81 5 a22 1 a1
a5 5 370 5 a32 1 a4
a1 5 3, a2 5 8, an 5 an 2 22 1 an 2 1
a4 5 56 5 4(a2 1 a3)
a5 5 272 5 4(a3 1 a4)
a1 5 1, a2 5 2, an 5 4(an 2 2 1 an 2 1)
36. a1 5 5
x2 5 f(x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (21)
5 f (3)
5 f(19)
5 2(21)2 1 1
5 2(3)2 1 1
5 2(19)2 1 1
5 19
5 723
31. f(x) 5 x 2 x 1 2, x0 5 1
x2 5 f(x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (1)
5 f (2)
5 f(4)
5 12 2 1 1 2
5 22 2 2 1 2
5 42 2 4 1 2
52
54
5 14
5 g(28)
2
5 23(2) 1 2(2)
5 23(28)2 1 2(28)
5 28
5 2208
x3 5 g(x2)
5 g(2208)
5 23(2208)2 1 2(2208)
a5 5 45 5 3 a4
}
a1 5 5, an 5 3 an 2 1
37. a1 5 2, a2 5 5
a4 5 26 5 a3 1 3a2
a5 5 59 5 a4 1 3a3
a1 5 2, a2 5 5, an 5 an 2 1 1 3an 2 2
38. a1 5 8, a2 5 4
a1
a3 5 2 5 }
a2
a2
a4 5 2 5 }
a3
a3
a5 5 1 5 }
a4
an 2 2
n21
x2 5 g(x1)
5 g(2)
a1 5 8, a2 5 4, an 5 }
a
32. g(x) 5 23x 2 1 2x, x0 5 2
x1 5 g(x0)
a4 5 153 5 3 a3
a3 5 11 5 a2 1 3a1
5 2130,208
5 22(21) 1 3
5 21
x3 5 h(x2)
x1 5 f(x0)
5 22(2) 1 3
5 h(23)
53
5 f(5)
2
a3 5 15 5 3 a2
x2 5 h(x1)
x1 5 f(x0)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f(21)
a2 5 53 5 3 a1
29. h(x) 5 x 2 2 4, x0 5 23
x1 5 h(x0)
x2 5 f(x1)
5 f (2)
a3 5 12 5 4(a1 1 a2)
x2 5 f(x1)
5 f (6)
x1 5 f (x0)
35. a1 5 1, a2 5 2
2
28. f(x) 5 }x 1 5, x0 5 6
3
x1 5 f(x0)
f(x) 5 22x 2 1 3, x0 5 2
39. a1 5 23, a2 5 22
a3 5 5 5 2(a2 1 a1)
a4 5 23 5 2(a3 1 a2)
a5 5 22 5 2(a4 1 a3)
a1 5 3, a2 5 22, an 5 2(an 2 1 1 an 2 2)
40. Sample answer:
a1 5 1, a2 5 2, a3 5 3, an 5 an 2 3 1 an 2 2 1 an 2 1
First eight terms: 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 20, 37, 68
41. Sample answer:
Because x1 5 2 and x2 5 f(x1) 5 f(2) 5 2, then

x3 5 f (x2) 5 f (2) 5 2, x4 5 f (x3) 5 f (2) 5 2, and so on.
So, if there is a function f and an initial value x0 such
that the rst two iterates are equal, then all of the iterates
must be equal.
Algebra 2
697
6/27/06 11:36:03 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
42. a. a1 5 5
}
}
1 1 1 5 1
1 1 2 5 1
}
46. f1 5 }
2
51
} }
} }
2
2
5
5
a2 5 3a1 1 3 5 3(5) 1 3 5 18
18
}
1 1 1 5 2
5
a3 5 }
5}
59
2
2
}
1 1 2 5 2
5
1 1 1 5 3
5
1 1 2 5 3
5
}
1 1 1 5 4
5
}
1 1 2 5 4
5
}
1 1 1 5 5
5
}
1 1 2 5 5
5
f3 5 }
2}
52
} }
} }
2
2
a6 5 3a5 1 3 5 3(15) 1 3 5 48
f4 5 }
2}
53
} }
} }
2
2
30
2
a6
48
a7 5 }
5}
5 24
2
2
a7
24
a8
47. a.
12
a9 5 }
5}
56
2
2
a9
2
2
f5 5 }
2}
55
} }
} }
2
2
a8 5 }
5}
5 12
2
2
Current
Previous
5 0.70 p
1 New dose
amount
amount
5 0.70 p an 2 1
an
a10 5 }
5 }2 5 3
2
20
a1 5 20, an 5 0.70an 2 1 1 20
b. Sample answer:
2
b. The maintenance level of the drug is 66 } milligrams.
3
If a1 5 1, the rst ten terms are 1, 6, 3, 12, 6, 3, 12, 6,

3, 12.
c. The new recursive rule would be
If a1 5 2, the rst ten terms are 2, 1, 6, 3, 12, 6, 3, 12,

6, 3.
a1 5 2(20), an 5 0.7an 2 1 1 2(20), or
If a1 5 10, the rst ten terms are 10, 5, 18, 9, 30, 15,
48, 24, 12, 6.
The new maintenance level would be doubled as well,
The terms of the sequence will always eventually

repeat the numbers 3, 12, 6.
a1 5 40, an 5 0.7an 2 1 1 40.

1
to 133}3 milligrams.
48. a.
Problem Solving
Current
Amount
Previous
5 1.08 p
2
withdrawn
balance
balance
5 1.08 p an 2 1
an
Fish at
Fish at start
New sh
5 0.8 p start of
1
43. a.
of year n
added
year n 2 1
an
5 0.8an 2 1
1 500
b.
an 5 1.08an 2 1 2 30,000
an 1 30,000
} 5 an 2 1
1.08
The rst ve terms are 5000, 4500, 4100, 3780, 3524.
0 1 30,000
If a20 5 0, then a19 5 }

1.08
At the beginning of the fth year, there will be 3524

sh in the lake.
a19 1 30,000
a18 5 }
1.08
b. Over time, the population approaches 2500 sh.
Amount
of chlorine
44.
5 0.6 p
at start of
week n
an
Amount
New
of chlorine
1 chlorine
at start of
added
week n 2 1
5 0.6 p an 2 1
16
a0 294,544.42 (use calculator).

You should have at least $294,544.42 in your account
when you retire.
Mixed Review
49. a 2 1 b2 5 c2
50. a2 1 b2 5 c 2
32 1 32 5 x 2
52 1 x 2 5 92
a1 5 34, an 5 0.6an 2 1 1 16
Over time, the amount of chlorine in the pool approaches
40 ounces.
Current
Previous
5 1.014 p
2 Payment
balance
balance
an
5 1.014 p an 2 1
30,000
an 1 30,000 5 1.08an 2 1
a1 5 5000, an 5 0.8an 2 1 1 500
100
a1 5 2000, an 5 1.014an 2 1 2 100

It will take Gladys 24 months to pay off her credit card
bill. Because a24 5 62.14, the balance at the beginning of
the 24th month is $62.14. So, she will be able to pay off
the balance at the end of the 24th month.
698
a5 5 } 5 } 5 15
2
45.
f2 5 }
2}
51
} }
} }
2
2
a4 5 3a3 1 3 5 3(9) 1 3 5 30
a4
x 2 5 56
18 5 x
}
3 2 5 x
51.
x 5 214
a2 1 b2 5 c 2
122 1 x2 5 152
}
x 2 5 81
a2
x59
2}
52. 163/2 5 1 16 23 5 43 5 64
5}
53. (2243)2/5 5 1 2243 22 5 (23)2 5 9
1
1
1
}
54. 6421/2 5 }
5}
2} 5 8
641/2
64
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:36:08 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
Quiz 12.412.5 (p. 833)
9. a1 5 1
3
1. a1 5 2, r 5 }
7
a1
S5}
12r
S5}
5 }2
3
3. r 5
a4 5 a3 2 a2 5 3 2 4 5 21
24
S5}
5}
5
11
1 2 1 2}6 2
1 2 }7
15
}
8
}
3
}
4
a3 5 a2 2 a1 5 4 2 1 5 3
S5}
12r
a2 5 4
5
2. a1 5 4, r 5 2}
6
a1
5 }2

4. 0.777. . . 5 7(0.1) 1 7(0.1) 1 7(0.1) 1 . . .
2
a1
5}
12r
7(0.1)
5}
1 2 0.1
0.7
5}
0.9
a3 5 }2 5 a2 2 }4
3
11
a4 5 }
5 a3 2 }4
4
3
a5 5 2 5 a4 2 }4
3
a1 5 5, an 5 an 2 1 2 }4
11. a1 5 2, a2 5 6
a3 5 12 5 a1 p a2
a4 5 72 5 a2 p a3
5 }9
5. 0.393939. . . 5 39(0.01) 1 39(0.01)2 1 39(0.01)3 1 . . .
a1
5}
12r
39(0.01)
5}
1 2 0.01
0.39
5}
0.99
13
5}
33
a5 5 a4 2 a3 5 21 2 3 5 24
10. a1 5 5
3
17
a2 5 }
5 a1 2 }4
4
6. 123.123123. . .
5 123 1 123(0.001) 1 123(0.001)2 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
123
1 2 0.001
5}
123
5}
0.999
41,000
5}
333
7. a1 5 2
a2 5 a1 1 4 5 2 1 4 5 6
a3 5 a2 1 4 5 6 1 4 5 10
a4 5 a3 1 4 5 10 1 4 = 14
a5 5 a4 1 4 5 14 1 4 5 18
8. a0 5 3
a1 5 (a0)2 2 5 5 32 2 5 5 4
a2 5 (a1)2 2 5 5 42 2 5 5 11
a3 5 (a2)2 2 5 5 112 2 5 = 116
a4 5 (a3)2 2 5 5 1162 2 5 5 13,451
a5 5 864 5 a3 p a4
a1 5 2, a2 5 6, an 5 an 2 2 p an 2 1
12. a1 5 8
a2 5 24 5 3a1
a3 5 72 5 3a2
a4 5 216 5 3a3
a5 5 648 5 3a4
a1 5 8, an 5 3an 2 1
13. f(x) 5 23x 2 2, x0 5 1
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (1)
5 f (25)
5 f (13)
5 23(1) 2 2
5 23(25) 2 2
5 23(13) 2 2
5 25
5 13
5 241
14. g(x) 5 4x 1 1, x0 5 2
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (2)
5 f (9)
5 f (37)
5 4(2) 1 1
5 4(9) 1 1
5 4(37) 1 1
59
5 37
5 149
15. f(x) 5 22x 1 3, x0 5 22
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (22)
5 f (7)
5 f (211)
5 22(22) 1 3
5 22(7) 1 3
5 22(211) 1 3
57
5 211
5 25
16. f(x) 5 5x 2 7, x0 5 23
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (23)
5 f (222)
5 f (2117)
5 5(23) 2 7
5 5(222) 2 7
5 5(2117) 2 7
5 222
5 2117
5 2592
Algebra 2
699
6/27/06 11:36:13 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
17. h(x) 5 x2 2 6, x0 5 21
x1 5 f(x0)
4. Graphing method:
x2 5 f(x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (21)
5 f (25)
5 f (19)
5 (21)2 2 6
5 (25)2 2 6
5 (19)2 2 6
5 25
5 19
5 355
18. f(x) 5 3x2 1 2, x0 5 0
x1 5 f(x0)
Y= :
nMin 5 1
u(n) 5 0.98u(n 2 1) 1 1150
u(n 2 Min) 5 54,000
WINDOW
nMin 5 1
x2 5 f(x1)
Xmin 5 0
nMax 5 600
Xmax 5 600
Ymax 5 60,000
PlotStart 5 1
Xscl 5 50
Yscl 5 5000
5 f (0)
5 f (2)
5 f (14)
5 3(0)2 1 2
5 3(2)2 1 2
5 3(14)2 1 2
52
5 14
5 590
PlotStep 5 10
19. a1 5 25, r 5 0.85

a1
S5}
12r
n=550
X=550
25
2
S5}
5 166}3
1 2 0.85
a1 5 54,000, an 5 0.98an 2 1 1 1150
L 5 0.98L 1 1150
Problem Solving Workshop 12.5 (p. 835)
0.02L 5 1150
L 5 57,500
1. Let L be the limit of the sequence.
With each method, the number of books in the library

approaches 57,500.
L 5 0.25L 1 300
0.75L 5 300
5. Each year, 2% of the books are lost or discarded, so 98%
L 5 400
of the books remain. The coefcient of an 2 1 should

be 0.98, not 0.02.
The sequence approaches 400.

2. Let L be the limit of the sequence.
a1 5 54,000, an 5 0.98an 2 1 1 1150
L 5 0.38L 1 512
Let L be the limit of the sequence. Then:
0.62L 5 512
0.02L 5 1150
The sequence approaches 825.8.
L 5 57,500
3. Graphing method:
6. Sample answer: Save a penny on day one, and increase
nMin 5 1
each days savings by a penny.
u(n) 5 0.92u(n 2 1) 1 1200

u(n 2 Min) 5 50,000
a1 5 0.01, an 5 an 2 1 1 0.01
12.5 Extension (p. 837)
1. Prove:
(2i 2 1) 5 n2
i51
nMin 5 1
Xmin 5 0
Ymin 5 5000
nMax 5 1
Xmax 5 200
Ymax 5 35,000
Basis Step: 2(1) 2 1 0 12 1 5 1
PlotStart 5 1
Xscl 5 50
Yscl 5 5000
Inductive Step:
1 1 3 1 5 1 . . . 1 (2k 2 1) 5 k 2
PlotStep 5 1
1 1 3 1 5 1 . . . 1 (2k 2 1) 1 (2(k 1 1) 2 1
5 k 2 1 (2(k 1 1) 2 1)
n=150
X=150
5 k 2 1 2k 1 1
5 (k 1 1)2
Y=15000.141
Algebraic method:
a1 5 50,000, an 5 0.92an 2 1 1 1200
L 5 0.92L 1 1200
0.08L 5 1200
L 5 15,000
With each method, the number of members
approaches 15,000.
700
Therefore,
n
2. Prove:
(2i 2 1) 5 n2 for all positive integers n.
i51
n(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)
i 2 5 }}
6
i51
L 5 0.98L 1 1150
L 825.8
WINDOW
Y=57499.947
Algebraic method:
The pendulum swings 166}3 inches.
Y= :
Ymin 5 45,000
x3 5 f(x2)
1(1 1 1)(2(1) 1 1)
Basis Step: 12 0 }}
151
6
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:36:22 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
Inductive Step:
Inductive Step:
k(k 1 1)(2k 1 1)
1 1 4 1 9 1 . . . 1 k 2 5 }}
6
}1}1}1...1}5}
1 1 4 1 9 1 . . . 1 k 2 1 (k 1 1)2
1
2
1
6
1
12
1
k(k 1 1)
k
k11
1
2
1
6
1
12
1
k(k 1 1)
1
(k 1 1)(k 1 2)
} 1 } 1 } 1 . . . 1 } 1 }}
k(k 1 1)(2k 1 1)
5 }}
1 (k 1 1)2
6
k(k 1 1)(2k 1 1) 1 6(k 1 1)2
5 }}}
6
(k 1 1)[k(2k 1 1) 1 6(k 1 1)]
5 }}}
6
(k 1 1)(2k2 1 7k 1 6)
5 }}
6
(k 1 1)(k 1 2)(2k 1 3)
5 }}
6
(k 1 1)((k 1 1) 1 1)((2k 1 2) 1 1)
5 }}}
6
n
n(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)
2
Therefore,
i 5 }}
for all positive
6
i51
k(k 1 2) 1 1
5 }}
(k 1 1)(k 1 2)
(k 1 1)2
5 }}
(k 1 1)(k 1 2)
k11
5}
k12
k11
3. Prove:
n
1
}
5}
for all positive integers n.
n11
i 5 1 i(i 1 1)
2
i51
i21
6. Prove:
52 21
5}
(k 1 1) 1 1
Therefore
integers n.
n
2n(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)
(2i)2 5 }}
3
i51
2 p 1(1 1 1)(2 p 1 1 1)
Basis Step: 21 2 1 0 21 2 1 1 5 1
Basis Step: (2 p 1)2 0 }}

454
3
Inductive Step:
1 1 2 1 4 1 . . . 1 2k 2 1 5 2k 2 1
Inductive Step:
2k(k 1 1)(2k 1 1)
4 1 16 1 36 1 . . . 1 (2k)2 5 }}
3
1 1 2 1 4 1 . . . 1 2k 2 1 1 2(k 1 1) 2 1
5 2k 2 1 1 2(k 1 1) 2 1
4 1 16 1 36 1 . . . 1 (2k)2 1 (2(k 1 1))2
5 2(2 ) 2 1
k
k11
52
2k(k 1 1)(2k 1 1)
5 }}
1 (2(k 1 1))2
3
21
Therefore,
5}
1 }}
k11
(k 1 1)(k 1 2)
2i 2 1 5 2n 2 1 for all positive integers n.
4. Prove:
2k(k 1 1)(2k 1 1)
5 }}
1 4(k 1 1)2
3
i51
2k(k 1 1)(2k 1 1) 1 12(k 1 1)2
12r
a1r i 2 1 5 a11 }
12r 2
i51
n
5 }}}
3
12r
Basis Step: a1r 1 2 1 0 a11 }
2 a1 5 a1
Inductive Step:
2(k 1 1)[k(2k 1 1) 1 6(k 1 1)]
12r
12r
a1 1 a1r 1 a1r 2 1 . . . 1 a1r k 2 1 5 a1 }
12r
5 }}}
3
2(k 1 1)(k 1 2)(2k 1 3)
5 }}
3
a1 1 a1r 1 a1r 2 1 . . . 1 a1r k 2 1 1 a1r (k 1 1) 2 1
1
2
12r
5 a11 }
1 rk2
12r
12r
5 a11 }
12r 2
2(k 1 1)[(k 1 1) 1 1][2(k 1 1) 1 1]
5 }}}
3
12r
5 a1 }
1 a1r (k 1 1) 2 1
12r
k
k11
Therefore,
integers n.
12r
a1r i2 1 5 a11 }
for all positive
12r 2
n
i51
(2i)2 5
i51
2n(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)
3
}} for all positive
integers n.
7. Series: 1, 6, 15, 28. . .
A recursive formula for the nth hexagonal number is

Hn 5 Hn 2 1 1 4n 2 3.
n
Prove:
5. Prove:
Therefore,
n
1
}
5}
n11
1 1)
i 5 1 i(i
1
1(1 1 1)
1
111
1
2
1
2
4i 2 3 5 n(2n 2 1)
i51
Basis Step: 4 p 1 2 3 0 1(2 p 1 2 1) 1 5 1
Basis Step: } 0 } } 5 }
Algebra 2
701
6/27/06 11:36:26 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
4. Sample answer: Let a1 5 4 and d 5 3.
Inductive Step:
1 1 5 1 9 1 . . . 1 4k 2 3 5 k(2k 2 1)
Explicit rule: an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
1 1 5 1 9 1 . . . 1 4k 2 3 1 4(k 1 1) 2 3
an 5 4 1 (n 2 1)(3) 5 1 1 3n
5 k(2k 2 1) 1 4(k 1 1) 2 3
Recursive rule: an 5 an 2 1 1 d
5 2k 2 1 3k 1 1
a1 5 4, an 5 an 2 1 1 3
5 (k 1 1)(2k 1 1)
5. Sample answer:
If 21 < r < 1, then r n gets closer and closer to zero as

n increases, and the sum of the series approaches the
5 (k 1 1)[2(k 1 1) 2 1]
Therefore, the nth hexagonal number is given by
n(2n 2 1) for all positive integers n.
8. Prove: f1 1 f2 1 f3 1 . . . 1 fn 5 fn 1 2 2 1
a1
.
value }
12r
1 2 rn
Basis Step: f1 0 f3 2 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 5 1
f1 1 f2 1 . . . 1 fk 5 fk 1 2 2 1
f1 1 f2 1 . . . 1 fk 1 fk 1 1 5 fk 1 2 1 fk 1 1 2 1
If r 5 1, the sum does not exist because the value is

undened.
5 fk 1 3 2 1
1 2 rn
Therefore, the sum of the first n Fibonacci numbers is

fn 1 2 2 1 for all postive integers n.
6. The length would be nite because the common ratio is
0.9, which is less than 1.
Mixed Review of Problem Solving (p. 838)
a1 5 16, r 5 0.9
a1
1. a. a1 5 2(12(0.7)) 5 16.8, r 5 0.7
S5}
12r
an 5 a1r n 2 1
16
S5}
5 160
1 2 0.9
an 5 16.8(0.7)n 2 1
`
16.8(0.7)i 2 1
i51
The length of the spring would be 160 inches.
The monthly interest rate is approximately 0.542%.
16.8
S5}
5 56
1 2 0.7
Amount owed 5
The ball travels a total of 56 1 12 5 68 feet.
(1 1 interest)(Current balance) 2 Payment

Recursive rule: a1 5 10,000, an 5 1.00542an 2 1 2 196
2. a. Number of new branches: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
b. After 12 months, you will owe about $8246.37.
b. The sequence is geometric with a common ratio of 2.
c. a1 5 10,000; an 5 1.00542an 2 1 2 246
2
c. Explicit rule: a1 5 1, r 5 } 5 2
1
If you pay $246 a month, the loan will be repaid

in 47 months.
an 5 a1rn 2 1
d. Sample answer:
n21
an 5 2
Yes, it is benecial to pay the extra $50 each month.

This causes the balance to decrease faster, so you dont
have to pay as much interest.
Recursive rule: a1 5 1, r 5 2
8.
an 5 ran 2 1
a1 5 1, an 5 2an 2 1
3. f(x) 5 x 2 2 8, x0 5 2
x2 5 f(x1)
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (2)
5 f (24)
5 f (8)
5 22 2 8
5 (24)2 2 8
5 82 2 8
5 24
58
5 56
Previous
Number 5 0.9 p number 1 New trees
of trees
of trees
an
5 0.9an 2 1
500
a1 5 8000, an 5 0.9an 2 1 1 500

Over an extended period of time, there will be about
5000 trees on the farm.
6.5
7. a. } 0.542
12
b. S 5 }
12r
x1 5 f (x0)
1 2 1n
Sn 5 a11 }
5 a11 }
5 a11 }0 2 Undened
12r 2
1212
5 f(k 1 1) 1 2 2 1
a1
120
If r < 21 or r > 1, then r n gets further away from zero as n

increases, and the sum does not approach a certain number.
Inductive Step:
Distance 5
a1
Sn 5 a11 }
a11 }
5}
12r
12r 2
1 2 r2
x1 1 x2 1 x3 5 24 1 8 1 56 5 60
702
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:36:30 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
9. Sample answer:
a1
S5}
12r
10. a8 5 54, d 5 7
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
1
Let S 5 4 and choose r 5 }2.

a1
a8 5 a1 1 (8 2 1)d
54 5 a1 1 7(7)
5 5 a1
4 5 }1
1 2 }2
an 5 5 1 (n 2 1)(7)
2 5 a1
`
1 2
1 i21
So,
2 }2
is an innite geometric series with a
i51
sum of 4.
an 5 22 1 7n
11. a4 5 27, a11 5 69
a11 5 a1 1 (11 2 1)d 69 5 a1 1 10d

a4 5 a1 1 (4 2 1)d 27 5 a1 1 3d
Chapter 12 Review (pp. 840842)
42 5
1. The values in the range of a sequence are called the terms
of the sequence.
2. A sequence is arithmetic if the difference between
consecutive terms is constant.

3. An explicit rule gives an as a function of the terms
position number n in the sequence.
4. In a geometric sequence, the ratio of any term to the
previous term is constant.

6
5.
(n 2 1 7) 5 (12 1 7) 1 (22 1 7) 1 (32 1 7)

n51
1 (42 1 7) 1 (52 1 7) 1 (62 1 7)
5 8 1 11 1 16 1 23 1 32 1 43
5 133
6.
(10 2 4i) 5 (10 2 4 p 2) 1 (10 2 4 p 3)

i52
1 (10 2 4 p 4) 1 (10 2 4 p 5)
1 (10 2 4 p 6)
5 2 1 (22) 1 (26) 1 (210) 1 (214)
5 230
17
7.
n(n 1 1)
i5}
(special formula)
2
i51
17(17 1 1)
5}
2
5 153
25
8.
n(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)
k 2 5 }}
(special formula)
6
k51
25(25 1 1)(2 p 25 1 1)
5 }}
6
5 5525
9. a1 5 8, d 5 5 2 8 5 23
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 8 1 (n 2 1)(23)
an 5 11 2 3n
7d
65d
69 5 a1 1 10(6) a1 5 9
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 9 1 (n 2 1)(6)
an 5 3 1 6n
12. a1 5 3 1 2(1) 5 5, a15 5 3 1 2(15) 5 33
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
a1 1 a15
S15 5 15 }
2
S15 5 151 }
5 285
2 2
5 1 33
13. a1 5 25 2 3(1) 5 22, a26 5 25 2 3(26) 5 253
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
a1 1 a26
22 1 (253)
S26 5 26 }
2
2
2
S26 5 26 }
5 2403
2
14. a1 5 6(1) 2 5 5 1, a22 5 6(22) 2 5 5 127
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
a1 1 a22
S22 5 22 }
2
S22 5 221 }
2 5 1408
2
1 1 127
15. a1 5 284 1 8(1) 5 276, a30 5 284 1 8(30) 5 156

a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
a1 1 a30
S30 5 30 }
2
S30 5 30 1 }
2 5 1200
2
276 1 156
Algebra 2
703
6/27/06 11:36:34 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
16. a1 5 200 1 25 5 225, d 5 25
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 225 1 (n 2 1)(25)
5
24. a1 5 3, r 5 }
8
a1
S5}
12r
3
an 5 200 1 25n
After n months, Joe will have paid 200 1 25n dollars
toward the computer.
64
1
17. a1 5 256, r 5 } 5 }
256
4
an 5 a1r n 2 1
S 5 }5 5 8
1 2 }8
3
25. a1 5 7, r 5 2}
4
a1
S5}
12r
7
1 n21
an 5 2561 }4 2
S5}
54
3
1 2 1 2}4 2
18. a2 5 200, r 5 5
26. r 5 1.3
an 5 a1r n 2 1
Because r 1, the series has no sum.
a2 5 a1r 2 2 1
27. a1 5 20.2, r 5 0.5

a1
S5}
12r
200 5 a1(5)
40 5 a1
an 5 40(5)n 2 1
20.2
S5}
5 0.4
1 2 0.5
19. a1 5 144, a3 5 16
28. 0.888. . . 5 8(0.1) 1 8(0.1)2 1 8(0.1)3. . .

a1
5}
12r
8(0.1)
5}
1 2 0.1
an 5 a1r n 2 1
a3 5 a1r 3 2 1
16 5 144r 2
1
9
} 5 r2
0.8
5}
0.9
1
6}3 5 r
1 n21
1 n21
an 5 144 }3
or an 5 144 2}3
1 2
1 2
546(0.001) 1 546(0.001)2 1 546(0.001)3. . .
a1
5}
12r
546(0.001)
11 2 5 2
6
S6 5 3 }
5 11,718
125
9
12r
S9 5 a1 }
12r
5}
0.999
182
5}
333
122
S9 5 8 }
5 4088
122
2
22. a1 5 15, r 5 }
3
12r
S5 5 a1 }
12r
S5 5 15
2 5
1 2 }3
}
2
1 2 }3
1 2
12r
S7 5 a 1 }
12r
30. 0.3787878. . . 5 0.37 1 87(0.01)2 1 87(0.01)3 1 . . .

a1
37
}
5}
1
100
12r
87(0.01)2
37
5}
1}
100
1 2 0.01
37
1055
5}
27
37
25
1 7
87
5}
1}
100
9900
5}
66
1 2 1 }2 2
0.0087
5}
1}
100
0.99
1
23. a1 5 40, r 5 }
2
5}
1 2 0.001
0.546
21. a1 5 8, r 5 2
29. 0.546546546. . . 5
20. a1 5 3, r 5 5
1 2 r6
S6 5 a1 }
12r
5 }9
635
S7 5 40 }
5}
1
8
12}
704
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:36:38 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
31. 0.783838. . . 5 0.78 1 38(0.01)2 1 38(0.01)3 1 . . .

a1
78
}
5}
1
100
12r
38(0.01)2
78
5}
1}
100
1 2 0.01
78
0.0038
5}
1}
100
0.99
78
38
5}
1}
100
9900
388
5}
495
32. a1 5 4
a2 5 a1 1 9 5 4 1 9 5 13
a3 5 a2 1 9 5 13 1 9 5 22
a4 5 a3 1 9 5 22 1 9 5 31
a5 5 a4 1 9 5 31 1 9 5 40
33. a1 5 8
a2 5 5a1 5 5(8) 5 40
a2
10
1
3. }
5 }4
a1 5 }
40
5
}
a3
2
1
}
}
5}
a 5
2
a4
}
a 5
3
10
5
8
}
5
}
2
5 }4
Geometric; the common ratio is }4.

4. Neither, there is no common ratio or common difference.
5. a1 5 6 2 12 5 5
a2 5 6 2 2 5 2
a4 5 5a3 5 5(200) 5 1000
a4 5 6 2 4 5 210
a5 5 6 2 52 5 219
2
a6 5 6 2 6 5 230
a2 5 2a1 5 2(2) 5 4
a2 5 5a1 5 5(4) 5 20
a4 5 4a3 5 4(12) 5 48
a3 5 5a2 5 5(20) 5 100
a5 5 5a4 5 5(48) 5 240
a4 5 5a3 5 5(100) 5 500
18
35. a1 5 6, r 5 } 5 3
6
an 5 ran 2 1
a1 5 6, an 5 3an 2 1
36. The nth term is n greater than the previous term.
an 5 an 2 1 1 d
a1 5 4, an 5 an 2 1 1 n
37. a1 5 7, d 5 13 2 7 5 6
an 5 an 2 1 1 d
a1 5 7, an 5 an 2 1 1 6
Previous
Current
5 1.01 p
population
population
5 1.01an 2 1
a1 5 26,000, an 5 1.01an 2 1
Chapter 12 Test (p. 843)
1. a2 2 a1 5 9 2 5 5 4
a3 2 a2 5 13 2 9 5 4
a2 5 7 p 23 5 56
a3 5 7 p 33 5 189
a4 5 7 p 43 5 448
a5 5 7 p 53 5 875
a6 5 7 p 63 5 1512
7. a1 5 4
a3 5 3a2 5 3(4) 5 12
an
6. a1 5 7 p 13 5 7
a3 5 6 2 32 5 23
34. a1 5 2
Geometric; the common ratio is 2.
a3 5 5a2 5 5(40) 5 200

a5 5 5a4 5 5(1000) 5 5000
38.
a2
6
2. }
52
a1 5 }
3
a3
12
}
52
a2 5 }
6
a4
24
}
52
a3 5 }
12
a5 5 5a4 5 5(500) 5 2500

a6 5 5a5 5 5(2500) 5 12,500
8. a1 5 21
a2 5 a1 1 6 5 21 1 6 5 5
a3 5 a2 1 6 5 5 1 6 5 11
a4 5 a3 1 6 5 11 1 6 5 17
a5 5 a4 1 6 5 17 1 6 5 23
a6 5 a5 1 6 5 23 1 6 5 29
9. Next term: 29
a1 5 5, d 5 11 2 5 5 6
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 5 1 (n 2 1)(6) 5 21 1 6n
10. Next term: 1875
15
a1 5 3, r 5 }
55
3
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 3(5)n 2 1
a4 2 a3 5 17 2 13 5 4
Arithmetic; the common difference is 4.
Algebra 2
705
6/27/06 11:36:42 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
3
19. a1 5 8, r 5 }
4
a1
S5}
12r
10
11. Next term: }
25
115
215
315
12. Next term: 8
a1 5 1.6 5 1.6(1)
0.1
a2 5 3.2 5 1.6(2)
5}
0.9
a3 5 4.8 5 1.6(3)
5 }9
an 5 1.6n
48
n(n 1 1)
48(48 1 1)
13.
i5}
5}
5 1176
2
2
i51
n(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)
28(28 1 1)(2(28) 1 1)
n2 5 }}
5 }}
5 7714
6
6
n51
22. 0.464646. . . 5 46(0.01) 1 46(0.01)2 1 46(0.01)3 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
46(0.01)
5}
1 2 0.01
0.46
5}
0.99
15. a1 5 4(1) 2 9 5 25, a10 5 4(10) 2 9 5 31

a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
a1 1 a10
S10 5 10 }
2
46
5}
99
23. 0.187187187. . . 5 187(0.001) 1 187(0.001)2
1 187(0.001)3 1 . . .
a1
S10 5 10 1 }
2 5 130
2
25 1 31
5}
12r
187(0.001)
5}
1 2 0.001
16. a1 5 2(1) 1 5 5 7, a19 5 2(19) 1 5 5 43
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
0.187
5}
0.999
a1 1 a19
S19 5 19 }
2
187
5}
999
7 1 43
S19 5 19 }
5 475
2
17. a1 5 9, r 5 2
1 2 rn
Sn 5 a11 }
12r 2
12r
S5 5 a1 }
12r
32
32
1
18. a1 5 12, r 5 }
3
n
Sn 5 a11 }
12r 2
12r
S6 5 a1 }
12r
1 1 22
0.0052
52
5}
1}
100
9900
24. 0.3252525. . . 5 0.32 1 52(0.01)2 1 52(0.01)3 1 . . .

a1
32
5}
1}
100
12r
52(0.01)2
32
}
5}
1
100
1 2 0.01
5}
1}
100
0.99
122
S5 5 9 }
5 279
122
12r
1 2 1}
10 2
21. 0.111. . . 5 1(0.1) 1 1(0.1)2 1 1(0.1)3 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
1(0.1)
5}
1 2 0.1
n15
an 5 }
5n
28
200
S5}
5}
7
3
1 2 1 }4 2
a3 5 }
5}
15
5(3)
14.
20
S5}
5 32
3
a2 5 }
5}
10
5(2)
161
25. a1 5 2
5}
495
26. a1 5 3
a2 5 12 5 6a1
a2 5 10 5 a1 1 7
a3 5 72 5 6a2
a3 5 17 5 a2 1 7
a4 5 432 5 6a3
a4 5 24 5 a3 1 7
a1 5 2, an 5 6an 2 1
a1 5 3, an 5 an 2 1 1 7
a1 5 }5 5 }
5(1)
3
20. a1 5 20, r 5 }
10
a1
S5}
12r
1 6
1 2 1 }3 2
1456
S6 5 12 } 5 }
81
1
}
12 3
706
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:36:47 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
27. a1 5 135
These values are the same as the values in the table,

so this rule denes the sequence represented by the
checkerboard quilts.
1
a2 5 45 5 }3 a1
1
1
33. a1 5 3072, r 5 }
4
a3 5 15 5 }3a2
1
an 5 a1r n 2 1
a4 5 5 5 }3a3
1 n21
an 5 30721 }4 2
a1 5 135, an 5 }3 an 2 1
28. a1 5 1
a3 5 9 5 23a2
a4 5 227 5 23a3
a1 5 1, an 5 23an 2 1
Standardized Test Preparation (p. 845)
29. f(x) 5 3x 2 7, x0 5 4
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f (x2)
5 f (4)
5 f (5)
5 f (8)
5 3(4) 2 7
5 3(5) 2 7
5 3(8) 2 7
55
58
5 17
30. f(x) 5 8 2 5x, x0 5 1
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f (x2)
5 f (1)
5 f (3)
5 f (27)
5 8 2 5(1)
5 8 2 5(3)
5 8 2 5(27)
53
5 27
5 43
31. f(x) 5 x 1 2, x0 5 21
x1 5 f (x0)
x2 5 f (x1)
x3 5 f (x2)
5 f(21)
5 f (3)
5 f (11)
5 (21)2 1 2
5 32 1 2
5 112 1 2
53
5 11
5 123
32. a. n represents the number of rows and columns.
an represents the number of blue squares.

b.
an
13 18 25 32
n2
2
1
4
12
c. an 5 } 1 } [1 2 (21)n]
a1 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)1] 5 1
2
22
1
a2 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)2] 5 2
2
32
a3 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)3] 5 5
2
a4 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)4] 5 8
2
1
a5 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)5] 5 13
2
62
1
a6 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)6] 5 18
2
72
5 12 actors in the
fth round of auditions. After this round, three actors

will remain, which is exactly the number required for the
three main parts in the play. So, the rule makes sense for
1 n 5.
a2 5 23 5 23a1
x1 5 f (x0)
1 521
There are a5 5 30721 }4 2
a7 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)7] 5 25
2
82
1
a8 5 }
1 }4 [1 2 (21)8] 5 32
2
1. B;
an 5 2n 2 5
a15 5 2(15) 2 5 5 25
2. A;
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
a1 1 a14
S14 5 14 }
2
S14 5 141 }
2 5 140
2
23 1 23
Standardized Test Practice (pp. 846847)

1. C;
a1
S5}
12r
Basketball: a1 5 7.2, r 5 0.36
7.2
S5}
5 11.25
1 2 0.36
Baseball: a1 5 6, r 5 0.30
6
S5}
8.57
1 2 0.3
Difference 5 11.25 2 8.57 5 2.68
2. C;
10
a1 5 20, r 5 }
5 0.5
20
an 5 ran 2 1
a1 5 20, an 5 0.5an 2 1
3. D;
The sequence is 12, 11, 9, 6, 2, 23 . . ..

There is no common difference or common ratio, so this
sequence is neither geometric nor arithmetic.
4. B;
a1 5 1 5 20
a2 5 2 5 21
a3 5 4 5 22
a4 5 8 5 23
an 5 2n 2 1
Algebra 2
707
6/27/06 11:36:54 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
5. D;
12. f(x) 5 2x 2 1, x0 5 2
a1 5 1, r 5 2
x1 5 f (x0)
n
Sn 5 a11 }
12r 2
12r
12r
S8 5 a1 }
12r
x3 5 f(x2)
5 f (2)
5 f (3)
5 f(5)
5 2(2) 2 1
5 2(3) 2 1
5 2(5) 2 1
53
55
59
x1 1 x2 1 x3 5 3 1 5 1 9 5 17
122
S8 5 1 }
5 255
122
13. a1 5 0.5
6. B;
a1 5 2 5 1 p 2
a2 5 6 5 2 p 3
a5 5 2(39) 1 5 5 83
a2 5 2(0.5) 1 5 5 6
a6 5 2(83) 1 5 5 171
a3 5 2(6) 1 5 5 17
a7 5 2(171) 1 5 5 347
a4 5 2(17) 1 5 5 39
a8 5 2(347) 1 5 5 699
14. an 5 6n 1 3
a3 5 12 5 3 p 4
a1 5 6(1) 1 3 5 9, a15 5 6(15) 1 3 5 93
a4 5 20 5 4 p 5
a1 1 an
Sn 5 n }
2
an 5 n(n 1 1)
7. D;
S15 5 151 }
5 765
2 2
9 1 93
n 5 4, an 5 n(n 1 1)
15. d 5 6 2 3 5 3
i(i 1 1)
i51
16. First round 5 10 people
Second round 5 10 p 10 people
8. a3 5 12, a5 5 48
12
a3 5 a1r 3 2 1 12 5 a1r 2 a1 5 }2
r
a5 5 a1r
521
48 5 a1r
1r 2
12
48 5 }2 r 4
nth round 5 10n people

If 100 million people already received the email, then
you are in the 8th round because 108 5 100 million.
1
17. dn 5 } n(n 2 3), n 3
2
48 5 12r 2
45r
Third round 5 10 p 10 p 10 people
d3 5 }2(3)(3 2 3) 5 0
62 5 r
12
(62)
a1 5 }2 a1 5 3
9. The sequence is geometric.
12
a1 5 24, r 5 }
5 23
24
an 5 a1r n 2 1
d4 5 }2(4)(4 2 3) 5 2
1
d5 5 }2(5)(5 2 3) 5 5
1
d6 5 }2(6)(6 2 3) 5 9
1
an 5 24(23)n 2 1
d7 5 }2(7)(7 2 3) 5 14
a8 5 24(23)8 2 1 5 8748
d8 5 }2(8)(8 2 3) 5 20
0.5(2)i 2 1 5 0.5 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 8 5 15.5

i51
11. 0.151515. . . 5 15(0.01) 1 15(0.01)2 1 15(0.01)3 1 . . .

a1
5}
12r
15(0.01)
5}
1 2 0.01
0.15
5}
0.99
15
5}
99
5
5}
33
There is no common ratio or common difference between

consecutive terms, so the sequence is neither geometric
nor arithmetic.
18. This situation should be represented by a series.
Sample answer: The company is pledging a total amount,

not just a sequence of values.
19. a. The sequence is arithmetic because each radius is
1.22 meters greater than the previous radius.

b. a1 5 36.5, d 5 1.22
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 36.5 1 (n 2 1)(1.22) 5 35.28 1 1.22n
Sum 5
10.
x2 5 f (x1)
c. a8 5 35.28 1 1.22(8) 5 45.04
The track meets the requirement because the curve

radius of lane 8 is 45.04 meters, which is less than the
50-meter maximum.
708
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:36:58 AM
Chapter 12,
20. a.
continued
1 x
10. y 5 12 }
8
1 2
9. y 5 3 p 4x 2 2
Previous
5 Interest p balance 2 Payment
Current
balance
an 5 1.0075 p an 2 1 2 300
a1 5 16,000, an 5 1.0075an 2 1 2 300
b. a18 12,749.33
21
Mark will owe $12,749.33 at the beginning of the

18th month.
c. Mark will pay the loan off in 69 months, with the last
21
6
12. y 5 }
x2 2 4
2
11. y 5 } 1 5
x23
payment being about $109.00.

d. If the payments are $350, then Mark can have the
loan paid off in 57 months. He will pay less overall

because the balance is less each month and the
balance is paid off faster, so less interest is paid.
21
Cumulative Review, Chs. 112 (pp. 848849)
1
x
21
21
4. y 5 x 2 2 6x 2 27
5
x
21
y
x
24
12
13.
1 8 5 2(8) 2 1(3) 5 13
14.
27 8 5 12(8) 2 (27)(3) 5 117
15.
3. y 5 x 1 3 2 8
21
1
2. }x 1 3y 5 24
2
1. 3x 2 y 5 5
0 5 2
0 5
10 13 24 10 13
25 4 21 25 4
5 (0 1 100 1 80) 2 (2130 1 0 2 50)
5 360
5 29 4 5 29
4
2 1 4
2
16.
0
1 1 0
1
5 (10 1 0 1 16) 2 (0 1 5 2 36)
5 57
a
17. y 5 }
x
6. y 5 (x 2 3)2 1 4
5. y 5 22(x 1 6)(x 2 1)
y
6 5 }3 a 5 18
18
y5}
x
18
21
a
18. y 5 }
x
1
x
21
}
3}
7. y 5 x 1 6
8. y 5 x 2 2
y
1
21
1
21
When x 5 28: y 5 }
5 2}4
28
95}
a 5 236
24
236
y5}
x
y
x
236
When x 5 28: y 5 }
5 }2
28
a
19. y 5 }
x
1
8
a
4
1
2
}5}a5}
1
2
5}
y5}
x
2x
1
When x 5 28: y 5 }
5 2}
16
2(28)
Algebra 2
709
6/27/06 11:37:12 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
19 1 11 1 8 1 10 1 11 1 15 1 16
31. Mean: }x 5 }}} 12.857
7
a
20. y 5 }
x
Median: 11
18
5
a
9
2
5
}5}a5}
18
5
}
}
Mode: 11
Range: 19 2 8 5 11
18
y5 x 5}
5x
Std. Dev:
}}}}}
18
9
When x 5 28: y 5 }
5 2}
20
5(28)
y2
x2
21. } 1 } 5 1
4
36
y2
x2
}2 1 }2 5 1
(19 2 12.857)2 1 (11 2 12.857)2 1 . . . 1 (16 2 12.857)2
5 }}}}}
7
3.603
54 1 58 1 49 1 60 1 63 1 58 1 42
32. Mean: }x 5 }}} 54.857
7
x
22
Median: 58
Vertices: (6, 0), (26, 0)
Mode: 58
Co-vertices: (0, 2), (0, 22)
Range: 63 2 42 5 21
y2
x2
22. } 2 } 5 1
49
100
y2
x2
Std. Dev:
}}}}}
10
(54 2 54.857)2 1 (58 2 54.857)2 1 . . . 1 (42 2 54.857)2
5 }}}}}
7
}2 2 }2 5 1
6.685
Transverse axis: Vertical
216 1 203 1 225 1 216 1 212 1 228 1 209

33. Mean: }x 5 }}}}
7
10
Asymptotes: y 5 }
x,
7
10
y 5 2}
x
7
22
215.57
Median: 216
Mode: 216
Vertices: (0, 10), (0, 210)
Range: 228 2 203 5 25

Std. Dev:
}}}}}
23 1 5 2 11 1 6 2 3 1 2
2
34. Mean: }x 5 }} 5 2}
6
3
(x 2 3)2 5 16( y 1 0)
2
Vertex: (3, 0)
21
9!
9!
24. 9P3 5 } 5 } 5 504
6!
(9 2 3)!
16!
16!
25. 16P5 5 } 5 } 5 524,160
11!
(16 2 5)!
7!
26. 7C2 5 } 5 21
5! p 2!
6!
6!
27. 6C6 5 } 5 } 5 1
6! p 0!
6!
P(A or B) 5 P(A) 1 P(B) 2 P(A and B)

0.85 5 0.32 1 0.6 2 P(A and B)
P(A and B) 5 0.32 1 0.6 2 0.85 5 0.07
29. P(A and B) 5 P(A) p P(BA)
P(A and B) 5 0.5 p 0.3 5 0.15

30. P(A and B) 5 P(A) p P(B)
0.2 5 0.25 p P(B)
23 1 2
Median: }
5 2}2
2
x
Mode: 23
Range: 6 2 (211) 5 17
Std. Dev:
}}}}
2 2
2 2
2 2
23 2 1 2}3 2 1 5 2 1 2}3 2 1 . . . 1 2 2 1 }3 2
5 }}}}
6
5.793
99 1 92 1 93 1 82 1 88 1 71 1 97
35. Mean: }x 5 }}} 88.857
7
Median: 92
Mode: none
Range: 99 2 71 5 28
Std. Dev:
}}}}}
(99 2 88.857)2 1 (92 2 88.857)2 1 . . . 1 (97 2 88.857)2

7
}}}}}
8.967
8.086
23. (x 2 3)2 5 16y
28.
(216 2 215.57)2 1 (203 2 215.57)2 1 . . . 1 (209 2 215.57)2

7
}}}}}
0.8 5 P(B)
710
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:37:19 AM
continued
78 1 4 1 28 1 57 1 88 1 24 1 57 1 37 1 65
36. Mean: }x 5 }}}}
9
44. x 5 bags of cookies
48.667
Median: 57
Mode: 57
When y 5 200:
Range: 88 2 4 5 84
2x 1 7(200) 5 2400
100
2x 5 1000
x 5 500
}}}}}
(78 2 48.667) 1 (4 2 48.667) 1 . . . 1 (65 2 48.667)2

}}}}}
9
2
25.777
6
3i 2 5 3(12) 1 3(22) 1 3(32) 1 3(42) 1 3(52) 1 3(62)

i51
(22 1 i) 5 (22 1 1) 1 (22 1 2) 1 . . .
i51
1 (22 1 15) 1 (22 1 16) 5 104
S12 5 1 }
2.977
2
1 2 }3
1
40. a1 5 5, r 5 }
3
a1
S5}
12r
5
S 5 }1 5 7.5
600
900 1200 x
Bags of cookies
45. V 5 75, h 5 r 1 4
r 2h
V5}
3
r 2(r 1 4)
75 5 }
3
225 5 r 2(r 1 4)
225 5 r 3 1 4r 2
Test r 5 1:
1
41. Explicit rule:
a1 5 27, d 5 23 2 (27) 5 4
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 27 1 (n 2 1)(4) 5 211 1 4n
Recursive rule:
an 5 an 2 1 1 d
a1 5 27, an 5 an 2 1 1 4
42. Explicit rule:
a1 5 1, d 5 214 2 1 5 215
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
an 5 1 1 (n 2 1)(215) 5 16 2 15n
Recursive rule:
an 5 an 2 1 1 d
a1 5 1, an 5 an 2 1 2 15
2225
2220
2225
45
225
45
1 is not a zero.
Test r 5 5:
1 2 }3
300
Possible zeros: 61, 63, 65, 69, 615, 625, 645,

675, 6225
1 2 rn
Sn 5 a11 }
12r 2
2 12
0 5 r 3 1 4r 2 2 225
2
39. a1 5 1, r 5 }
3
1 2 1 }3 2
200
If you sell 200 calendars, you will need to sell 500 bags
of cookies to meet your goal.
5 273
16
38.
300
2x 1 7y 5 2400
Std. Dev:
37.
y 5 calendars
Calendars
Chapter 12,
5 is a zero.
r 3 1 4r 2 2 225 5 (r 2 5)(r 2 1 9r 1 45)

Because r 2 1 9r 1 45 does not have any real roots,
r 5 5 is the only zero. The radius of the cone should be
5 inches.
46. I 5 17, R 5 6.5
P
17 5 }
6.5
}
P
I5 }
R
289 5 }
6.5
1878.5 5 P
The hair dryer consumes 1878.5 watts of power.
43. Explicit rule:
12
a1 5 3, r 5 }
54
3
an 5 a1r n 2 1
an 5 3(4)n 2 1
Recursive rule:
an 5 ran 2 1
a1 5 3, an 5 4an 2 1
Algebra 2
711
6/27/06 11:37:24 AM
Chapter 12,
continued
47. a1 5 18,600(0.845) 5 15,717, r 5 0.845
50. a. Mean:
}x 5
an 5 a1r n 2 1
201,900 1 205,200 1 195,800 1 210,300 1 199,900 1 215,500 1 192,100

7
an 5 15,717(0.845)n 2 1
}}}}}}
n21
8000 5 15,717(0.845)
$202,957.14
0.509 0.845n 2 1
Median: $201,900
log 0.509 (n 2 1) log 0.845
Mode: none
4n21
Range: $23,400
5n
Std. Dev.:
The car will be worth $8000 in about 5 years.

330
48. Let the center of the circle be (0, 0) with radius },
2
or r 5 165.
}}}}}
(201,900 2 202,957.14)2 1 . . . 1 (192,100 2 202,957.14)2
s 5 }}}}}
7
$7519.85
b. Commissions:
x2 1 y2 5 r2
$201,900(0.05) 5 $10,095
x 2 1 y 2 5 1652
$205,200(0.05) 5 $10,260
x 2 1 y 2 5 27,225
$195,800(0.05) 5 $9790
When y 5 115:
$210,300(0.05) 5 $10,515
(0, 165)
$199,900(0.05) 5 $9995
50
$215,500(0.05) 5 $10,775
(0, 115)
$192,100(0.05) 5 $9605
(220 35, 115) (20 35, 115)
Mean:
25
25
10,095 1 10,260 1 9790 1 10,515 1 9995 1 10,775 1 9605

x 5 }}}}}
7
$10,147.86
Median: $10,095
Mode: none
Std. Dev.:
x 2 1 1152 5 27,225
s5
x 5 14,000
}
x 5 62035
(10,095 2 10,147.86)2 1 . . . 1 (9605 2 10,147.86)2

}}}}
7
$375.99
}
Distance between (22035 , 115) and (20 35 , 115):

}}}}
}
}
d 5 (2035 2 (22035 ))2 1 (115 2 115)2

}
}
5 (4035 )2
c. Each statistical measure in part (b) is 5% of the
corresponding statistical measure in part (a).

51. a1 5 31,000, d 5 1600
an 5 a1 1 (n 2 1)d
5 4035
an 5 31,000 1 (n 2 1)(1600) 5 29,400 1 1600n
236.64
a9 5 29,400 1 1600(9) 5 43,800
The rope is about 237 feet long.
In the ninth year, the accountants salary will be $43,800.
49. Let events A, B, C, and D be choosing item 1, item 2,
item 3, and item 4, respectively, so that all items

are different.
20
19
18
17
P(A) p P(B) p P(C) p P(D) 5 }

p}p}p}
20 20 20 20
116,280
5}
0.727
160,000
The probability that all four people order a different item
is about 0.727, or 72.7%.
712
}}}}
Range: $1170
Algebra 2
6/27/06 11:37:27 AM

Aat Solutions - Ch12

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Chapter 12

Prerequisite Skills (p. 792)

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.

f (6) 5 (22)6 2 1 5 232

There are 81 apples in the 9th layer.

The solution is 1 2}2, 2}

4. The sequence 3, 8, 15, 24, . . .

The solution is (23, 9).

12.1 Guided Practice (pp. 794797)

Domain: all real numbers except x 5 0

Domain: all real numbers

Domain: all real numbers except x 5 0

8i 5 8(1) 1 8(2) 1 8(3) 1 8(4) 1 8(5)

(k 2 2 1) 5 (32 2 1) 1 (42 2 1) 1 (52 2 1) 1

1. Another name for summation notation is sigma notation.

the terms in a sequence.

18. Given terms: 13 1 1, 23 1 1, 33 1 1, 43 1 1, . . .

Rule for nth term: }

16. Given terms: 21 2 1, 22 2 1, 23 2 1, 24 2 1, . . .

Rule for nth term: n3 1 1

Rule for nth term: 5n 2 4

Next term: 53 1 1 5 126

15. Given terms: 5 p 1 2 4, 5 p 2 2 4, 5 p 3 2 4,

Rule for nth term: (21)n(4n)

Next term: (21)5(4 p 5) 5 220

12.1 Exercises (pp. 798800)

There are 285 apples in the stack.

f (6) 5 2}6 5 2}3

1p2 2p2 3p2 4p2

Rule for nth term: }

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.

Rule for nth term: }4

2p121 2p221 2p321 2p421

Rule for nth term: }

23. Given terms: 2.4 1 0.7(1), 2.4 1 0.7(2), 2.4 1 0.7(3),

Rule for nth term: 2.4 1 0.7n

24. Given terms: 5.8 2 1.6(1), 5.8 2 1.6(2), 5.8 2 1.6(3),

5.8 2 1.6(4), 5.8 2 1.6(5), . . .

Next term: 0.2 1 52 5 25.2

Rule for nth term: 0.2 1 n 2

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.

}2 5 }21 1 }22 1 }23 1 }24 1 }25 1 }26 1 }27 1 }28

Upper limit 5 innity

Upper limit 5 innity

term should be 2(0) 1 3, or 3.

kai 5 ka1 1 ka2 1 ka3 1 ka4 1 . . . 1 kan

1 52 1 . . . 1 162 1 172 1 182

(ai 1 bi) 5 (a1 1 b1) 1 (a2 1 b2)

1 (a3 1 b3) 1 . . . 1 (an 1 bn)

(n2 2 1) 5 (12 2 1) 1 (22 2 1)

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifin Company.

Upper limit 5 innity

1 (32 2 1) 1 (42 2 1) 1 (52 2 1)

Sample answer: Let ai 5 2i and bi 5 24i.

Rule for nth term: an 5 2n 2 1

(2i)(24i) 5 (2 p 1)(24 p 1) 1 (2 p 2)(24 p 2)

You need 63 moves to move 6 rings, 127 moves to move

66. a. d4 5 0.3(2)4 2 2 1 0.4 5 1.6

(24i) 5 24 p 1 1 (24 p 2) 1 (24 p 3) 5 224

1 2i 2 1 (24i) 2 5 12(224) 5 2288

Because 2112 2288,

Mars is 1.6 astronomical units from the sun.

Mars is about 239,360,000 kilometers from the sun.

Sample answer: Let ai 5 i and k 5 2.