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(a)
[2]
(b)
[1]
(c)
[1]
(d)
Give the atomic number and mass number for the following elements.
(i)
3
5
1
Cl
. [1]
1
2
6
(ii)
.
[1]
1
4
6
(iii)
.
[1]
(iv)
1
6
8
O
.
[1]
2
2
(a)
their
electron orbits:
(b)
(i)
Carbon [1]
(ii)
Oxygen [1]
(iii)
Neon [1]
(iv)
Chlorine [1]
(v)
Argon [1]
(v)
Potassium [1]
Name three elements whose atoms have full outer electron orbits.
Element 1: .
[1]
Element 2: .
[1]
Element 3: .
[1]
(c)
Name three elements whose atoms have only one electron in their
outer orbit.
Element 1: .
[1]
Element 2: .
[1]
Element 3: .
[1]
(d)
Name three elements whose atoms have outer orbits which are one
electron short of being full.
3
Element 1: .
[1]
Element 2: .
[1]
Element 3: .
[1]
3
(a)
(i)
(ii)
What is
represented by X and
Y?
X:
..
[1]
Y: . [1]
Name the subatomic particles found in X.
..
[1]
(b)
(ii)
.. and
[2]
.. and
[2]
(iii)
(c)
The table shows the atomic number and the mass number of three
particles X, Y and Z, as well as the number of electrons they possess.
Partic
Atomic
Mass
Number of
le
X
Y
Z
number
1
8
6
number
1
16
12
electrons
0
10
6
(i)
4
X: ....
[1]
Y: ....
[1]
Z: ....
(ii)
[1]
Which of the three particles is positively charged? Why?
.
(iii)
[1]
Which of the three particles is negatively charged? Why?
.
[1]
(d)
. [1]
(ii)
A
Z
X
.
[1]
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(e)
The table below shows the nucleon number of two atoms, X and Y, and
the number of electrons they possess.
Atom
(i)
Number of
Nucleon
electrons
number
X
6
13
Y
6
14
State the similarities and differences between X and Y in terms
of the number of protons and neutrons.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
[2]
Are X and Y atoms of the same element? Why?
[1]
What are isotopes?
[1]
Name three elements that exist as isotopes.
[1]
Name a radioisotope and state its use.
[1]
Explain why safety precautions must be taken when handling
radioisotopes.
[1]
(a)
[1]
(b)
Why does diffusion though solids take place over a very long period of
time?
...
[1]
6
(c)
To
demonstrate
diffusion
in liquids, we drop
a crystal
of potassium
permanganate in
water
it takes
about a day to
diffuse
liquid.
Explain
...
[2]
(d)
An experiment showing the diffusion of bromine gas has two gas jars
stacked on top of each other and separated by a glass plate. The lower
gas jar contains bromine gas and the upper one contains air. When the
plate is removed, the bromine and air diffuse into one another.
(i)
What is
the
colour
of
bromine gas?
...[1]
7
(ii)
(iii)
(e)
How long does bromine gas take to diffuse into the gas jar
above?
[1]
Provide a reason for (d)(ii).
...[1]
[2]
(ii)
times and
still look purple.
..
..
[2]
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(f)
Using examples and diagrams if they help, explain how each of the
following supports the idea that everything is made up of particles:
(i)
Brownian motion
..
8
..
..
.
[3]
(ii)
crystal structure
..
..
..
.
[3]
(iii)
diffusion
..
..
..
.
[3]
5
(a)
The graph shows the melting and boiling points of five substances.
i.
Whi
ch
10
oxygen: ...
[1]
Room temperature is around 20C.
iii.
iv.
v.
(b)
104C
(i)
(ii)
Explain.
...[1]
6
(a)
(i)
[2]
(ii)
[2]
(iii)
[2]
(b)
(i)
(ii)
11
(c)
magnesium.
...[1]
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
205
Tl.
(ii)
203
..[2]
(iv)
..[2]
How many fluoride ions are there for every aluminium ion?
...
[1]
12
(b)
How many electrons does one fluorine atom gain when it becomes an
ion?
...
[1]
(c)
[1]
(d)
.. [3]
Atomic
number
Cl
17
16
HCl [3]
ii.
iii.
iv.
CCl4 [3]
v.
NCl3 [3]
vi.
vii.
viii.
OCl2 [3]
ix.