Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. THE SNAP-SHOT
NOUN
PRONOUN
ADJECTIVE
VERB
PARTS OF
SPEECH ADVERB
PREPOSITION
CONJUNCTION
INTERJECTION
SENTENCE ANALYSIS
c abstract
Fear , happiness , perfection , strength , knowledge , distance ,
honesty , advice , choice , childhood , weight , belief , pleasure ,
leakage , heroism , friendship , roundness , heaviness, etc
Service/serving/to serve
d. diminutive / a derivative indicating something small, young or loved
- Masculine
# bachelor , boy , ,bull , cock , groom , horse ,
Monk ,drake , earl , duke , king , actor ,nephew
f. gender don , emperor , governor , god , hero , tiger , etc
- Feminine
* Spinster , girl , cow , hen , bride , mare , lady , nun ,
duck, queen , actress , niece , Donna , empress ,
Lioness ,shepherdess ,governess, goddess, heroine,
prophetess, mistress ,etc
Common
* child, parent,friend etc ,mistress prophetess
g. person
* Bill , Joe , Gilbert , American,European,Chinese,surabayan ,etc
Alexander-the great,St John,Popeye-the sailor, etc
- Singular
* a dog , an apple ,a foot , an hour , a wish
a university ,a hero , a wish , a man , etc
h. Number of Noun
# All the UCN
+ Water,money,sugar,flour,chalk,economics
Mathematics,Honesty, freedom ,pride , etc
- Plural
* dogs , mice , feet , teeth , books ,oxen, heroes
cities ,wishes women, men, churches , etc
i. Compound noun - combination of two / more words
* ear-ring , oil-lamp , ring-finger , rail-way, cooking-stove , drinking-water ,
dining-room , high-land , under-tone , grind-stone ,boys-school , girls-school
, horse-race , a pick-pocket , a fortune- teller , tax-payer , a tell-tale , a shoe-
maker , house-building ,out-look , out-fit , out-put , in-put , outcome ,
income , run-away , break-through , break-down , fare-well , cast-away ,
break-up , sports-man , sales-man , sea-man ,oil-man , crafts-man , wood-
man , he-goat , she-goat , maid-servant , man-servant , man of war ,
man of justice , ticket of leave , son–in law , boy of no words , Mr.
know it all , man of news , a girl of mine , boy of yours , etc
B. Passage 23. ……….. say ……………..
24. ………. ……….. lucky
25. ……… wish ……………..
The Bat, the Birds, and the Beasts 26. ……… ………… last
27. ………… join ……………….
A great conflict was about to come off between the
Birds and the Beasts. When the two armies were collected
together. The Bat hesitated to join .The Birds that passed E. Various exercise.
his perch said: ‘Come with us"; but he said: ‘I am a Change into Plural/Singular and modify the sentence
Beast.’ Later on, some Beasts who were passing
underneath him looked up and said: ‘Come with us"; but 28. A great conflict was about to come off between the
he said: ‘I am a Bird.’ Birds and the Beasts
Luckily at the last moment, peace was made and no 29. When the two armies were collected Together
battle took place. so the Bat came to the Birds and wished 30. The Bat hesitated to join
to join in the rejoicings but they all turned against him and 31. The Birds that passed his perch said: ‘Come with us"
he had to fly away. He then went to the Beasts, but soon 32. but he said: ‘I am a Beast.’
had to beat a retreat, or else they would have torn him to 33. Later on, some Beasts who were passing underneath
pieces. him looked up and said: ‘Come with us"
34. but he said: ‘I am a Bird.’
‘He that is neither one thing nor the other has no friends.’ 35. Luckily at the last moment, peace was made and no
battle took place
36. so the Bat came to the Birds and wished to join in the
rejoicings
C. Identify which word is the Noun 37. but they all turned against him and he had to fly
away
1. A great conflict was about to come off 38. He then went to the Beasts
between the Birds and the Beasts 39. but soon had to beat a retreat, or else they would
2. When the two armies were collected Together have torn him to pieces
3. The Bat hesitated to join
4. The Birds that passed his perch said: ‘Come with us"
5. but he said: ‘I am a Beast.’ F. Various exercise.
6. Later on, some Beasts who were passing underneath Find the Noun and decide if the Noun – CN or UCN
him looked up and said: ‘Come with us"
7. but he said: ‘I am a Bird.’
8. Luckily at the last moment, peace was made and no 40. My parents bought some furniture .They are chairs,
battle took place tables and desks
9. so the Bat came to the Birds and wished to join in the 41. My mom wears jewelry. Today she is wearing
rejoicings rings,bracelet,and a necklace
10. but they all turned against him and he had to fly 42. Mathematics is hard for many people but the other
away subjects like English is easy and fun
11. He then went to the Beasts 43. We enjoy the beautiful scenery especially mountains,
12. but soon had to beat a retreat, or else they would water falls, rivers and hills
have torn him to pieces 44. I have some money in coins and papers
45. The weather is fine today and the sunshine is warm
46. We wish you happiness, health and luck in your life
D. Various exercise. 47. Gold and iron are metals
find the derivative if avalaible 48. They don’t have meat, rice, kerosene, cheese, butter,
fruit and vegetables
49. Would you like to buy some food ? there’s a nice
Noun Verb Adjective sandwich and a free apple
50. Tom has black hair and brown eyes
13. conflict ……….. …………….. 51. We have much rain and flood in the years to come
14. ……… ………. great 52. time flies so fast so it’s better not to waste our energy
15. ……… collect ……………. 53. Have you done your homework yet ?
16. peace ……….. …………….. 54. in English ,we can learn words, slang, grammar and
17. battle ………. …………….. vocabulary
18. retreat ………. ……….......... 55. I like sports for example soccer and chess
19. rejoicing ………. ……………..
20. ……….. fly ……………..
21. ……….. beat ……………..
22. ………. hesitate ……………..
UNIT 2
PRONOUN
A SUBSTITUTE FOR A NOUN
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
My (=the speaker’s ) hat is red and yours is green
This book is mine and that’s hers ,etc
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
Music and literature are cultural subjects. This (the latter = literature) acquired rather
than innate, that ( the former = music) innate rather than acquired
Gus Dur does some controversial things but these alone will not satisfy you
Sorry I can’t tell the journalists why he left the show .That means it’s off the record
Love those who hate you. that’s what Jesus said ,etc
INDEFINITE PRONOUN
none (=no people ) have arrived yet to the Gallery
anyone may come to the palace during Idul Fitri
Nothing is impossible
All (= all the things ) are not gold
Somebody (= that person )has come to see you
Do it ! Don’t do another / others
He knows much
Either is fine with me anytime you give me choices but Can I choose Both ?
neither is yours in this world ,etc
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
Who ( = any person ) did this must be crazy
Where (= the place ) she comes from doesn’t bother me
Don’t ask What (= the thing ) your country has done for you
but ask what (= the thing ) you have done for your country
I will tell you When (= the best time ) to go
This is what (= the thing ) you asked for
I shall reward whoever (= any person ) finishes first ,etc
He found the best Avatar who ( = and this person ) can lead him into God
There is a yacht which ( = and this yacht ) I want to buy
They gave us such information as (= and this was the information ) they knew
He is the man whom (= this person ) I believe who will win the election,etc
B. Passage E. Various exercise
Change into the real noun of the pronoun
The Sick Lion 23. The king who ruled over a jungle and animals for
many years had come to the end of his days and lay
The king who ruled over a jungle and animals for sick unto death at the mouth of his cave, gasping for
many years had come to the end of his days and lay sick breath
unto death at the mouth of his cave, gasping for breath. 24. Many came round and drew nearer him as he grew
Many came round and drew nearer him as he grew more more and more helpless
and more helpless. 25. When they saw him on the point of death
When they saw him on the point of death they 26. they thought to themselves:’ Now is the time to pay
thought to themselves:’ Now is the time to pay off old off old grudges.’
grudges.’ So the Boar came up and drove at him with his 27. So the Boar came up and drove at him with his tusks;
tusks; then a Bull gored him with his horns; still the Lion 28. then a Bull gored him with his horns
lay helpless before them: so the Ass, feeling quite safe 29. still the Lion lay helpless before them:
from danger, came up, and turning his tail to the Lion 30. so the Ass, feeling quite safe from danger, came up,
kicked up his heels into his face. ‘This is a double death,’ and turning his tail to the Lion kicked up his heels
growled the Lion. into his face
31. ‘This is a double death,’ growled the Lion
Only cowards insult dying majesty.
QUANTITATIVE ADJ
He has eaten some bread * He reads a few books
He hasn’t eaten any bread * He reads the few books he has
He had little money * He reads all the books
He spent the little money he had , etc
NUMERAL ADJ
When I was a kid , My father raised a dozen of sheep
A century is a hundred years
Nobody knows when the world ends. It can be at least a thousand decade more
I have written nine books on English , etc
DEMONSTRATIVE ADJ
This/that tree was planted by my Dad
Those/these eyes saw the deed
Such food doesn’t satisfy me
He came to my house on such a day; and I gave such and such an answer to his
question ,etc
INDEFINITE ADJ
He came one day to see me
Any man can do that; Don’t show off
Some men called here today ( I forget them specifically )
He owed me some Rp 20 .000,- (= about )
He has no books other than English
He went there the other day
She will stay here for about a week or so ,etc
DISTRIBUTIVE ADJ
The two men struck each other
During the social work They all help one another
They went out two by two / by twos/two and two / two at a time
They went to their respective home ,etc
COPULATIVE VERB
Appear , become , seem , taste , look , prove , grow , continue , feel ,get , remain , sound , stay , turn ,smell,
CAUSATIVE VERB
Darken, soften, enlighten, brighten, shorten, lengthen, tighten, blacken, whiten, better, thicken, broaden,
enlarge, ensure, endanger, etc
GERUND-RELATED
Like prefer enjoy stand hate love
intend start continue finish keep admit
Avoid can’t help mind regret remember stop
TRANSITIVE VERB Risk quit postpone resist suggest miss
Need an object Practice discuss advise anticipate recommend
Mention appreciate recall recollect resent
NO PREPOSITIONAL VERB
make read write
discuss find wash
kill take sing, etc
PREPOSITIONAL VERBS
cry (for) think ( of ) laugh (at )
listen (to ) apply (for ) wait (for )
shoot (at ) care (of ) etc, (see the list)
ADV OF DIRECTION
Above back backward below down downwards
forth forwards hence hither in inwards
on onwards out outwards thence up
upwards whence whither yonder up there down there
in here back and forth to and fro in and out inside out , etc
ADV OF PLACE
everywhere around before behind elsewhere
about anywhere outside inside here
there without near nowhere somewhere
in back within in front wherever here and there , etc
ADV OF MANNER
Beautifully quickly justly rapidly foolishly, etc
well fast early late * see the list of exception
hand in hand arm in arm one by one face to face head over heels
two by two apart else likewise clockwise
across together particularly
A slave named Androcles once escaped from his Noun Verb Adjective
master and fled to the forest. As he was wandering about
there he came upon a Lion lying down moaning and 13. slave/slavery …………. ………………
groaning. At first he turned to flee, but finding that the 14. ………… escape ………………
Lion did not pursue him, he turned back and went up to 15. ………… bleed ………………
him. As he came near, the Lion put out his paw, which 16. ………… ………… able
was all swollen and bleeding, and Androcles found that a 17. ………… capture ………………
huge thorn had got into it, and was causing all the pain. 18. victim ………… ………………
He pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the Lion, 19. ………… ………… surprised
who was soon able to rise and lick the hand of Androcles 20. ………… ………… friendly
like a dog. Then the Lion took Androcles to his cave, and 21. ………… ………… native
every day used to bring him meat from which to live. But 22. gratitude …………. ………………
shortly afterwards both Androcles and the Lion were
captured, and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the
Lion, after the latter had been kept without food for
several days. The Emperor and all his Court came to see E. Various exercise.
the spectacle, and Androcles was led out into the middle Insert with all the best possible Adverbs
of the arena. Soon the Lion was let loose from his den,
and rushed bounding and roaring towards his victim. But 23. we can have dinner …………………..
as soon as he came near to Androcles he recognized his 24. He speaks English ………..
friend, and fawned upon him, and licked his hands like a 25. ……….. English is a fundamental skill of life
friendly dog. The Emperor, surprised at this, summoned 26. …… I’d like to point out that it is impossible
Androcles to him, who told him the whole story. 27. Don’t speak …….. my dad is sleeping
Whereupon the slave was pardoned and freed, and the 28. get into the class ………….. We don’t have enough
Lion let loose to his native forest. space to enter
29. Do you live ………. ?
Gratitude is the sign of noble souls. 30. ……….. he is. Thanks ....... ! He’s coming
31. They traveled ………to seek happiness
C. Find the Adverb 32. I’ve done the work ………
1. A slave named Androcles once escaped from his master and 33. we should talk ………….
fled to the forest when suddenly a small bone in the meat 34. Don’t do that ……… I’m here
stuck in his throat and he could not swallow it. 35. I cannot find my slippers …………..
2. As he was wandering about there he came upon a Lion 36. ………….. he is a man of talks only – no action
lying down moaning and groaning.
37. life is good . ……….. Don’t waste your time
3. At first he turned to flee, but finding that the Lion did not
pursue him, he turned back and went up to him.. 38. I went to Jakarta on a train ………….
4. As he came near, the Lion put out his paw, which was all 39. He knows that matter …………..
swollen and bleeding, and Androcles found that a huge 40. Study hard ………….. You’ll fail
thorn had got into it, and was causing all the pain 41. put all these piles of paper ………..We need a clear
5. He pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the Lion, table
who was soon able to rise and lick the hand of Androcles 42. It’s raining . ……….. I remain at home
like a dog 43. ……….. curiosity, he sneaks into the house
6. Then the Lion took Androcles to his cave, and every day
44. he walks ………..
used to bring him meat from which to live
7. But shortly afterwards both Androcles and the Lion were 45. I am …………… happy to win a lottery
captured, and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the 46. Ann ………. Comes on time
Lion, after the latter had been kept without food for several 47. You will pass the test … you study ………..
days 48. I will have finished my SMA ……… The city
8. The Emperor and all his Court came to see the spectacle, government finishes the Project
and Androcles was led out into the middle of the arena. 49. Danny recites a poem …………. The class
9. Soon the Lion was let loose from his den, and rushed 50. He always follows ………. His girl goes
bounding and roaring towards his victim
51. I know life ……..and ……….
10. But as soon as he came near to Androcles he recognized his
friend, and fawned upon him, and licked his hands like a 52. Hold me ……… or ……..
friendly dog 53. Do the work ……. The supervisor says to you
11. The Emperor, surprised at this, summoned Androcles 54. We’d better discuss it first. …… it’s a crucial matter
to him, who told him the whole story 55. I’ll show you ……. To do it …….. You are not
12. Whereupon the slave was pardoned and freed, and confused
the Lion let loose to his native forest 56. The machine ……….. broke down. …… all the
orders of works can be finished …..
57. I can do nothing ………… you
UNIT 6
PREPOSITION
A word/term that shows relationship between a word
A. THE SNAP – SHOT
Cumulative
And, Both…. And, Also, too, As well as, No less than, Not, only… But also, Now ,Well , neither….. nor ….,
- He as well as You is right - He no less than You is right
- He was not only accused but also convicted - He is right and You also
- I met neither Susie nor her sister - You have done the work very Quickly.
Well, I didn’t expect it of you
Alternative
Either…or , otherwise , else , Or
- Tell him to Leave ,or he will be caught - Either you or he must stay here
Adversative /Contrast
But, still/yet, nevertheless, however , Whereas/ while, only, just
- He is very sad but hopeful - He is very rich, still/yet he is not contented
- All men were against him.However,he stuck to his idea - Wise men love truth. Whereas/while Fools shun
- Go where you like. Only/just do not stay here it
Ilavative /Inference
For ,Then
- He will die someday, for all men are mortal - It’s time for us to go . let’s start, then
Apposition
That - He made a promise that he would return soon - He told us that rain had stopped
Cause and reason
Because, since, as ,why
- He will succeed because he works hard - Let’s stay inside As the night has fallen
- I will do this since you ask for it - We never understood why he acted so
Effect
That - He talked too much that he made himself hoarse
Purpose
That, in order that, so that, lest
- Men work that they may earn a living - He walk with a stick lest he would stumble ,etc
Condition
If, unless, provided, as if, whether or not
- You must stay here whether you like it or no - I agree provided you will sign your name
Concession
Though/although/even though , notwithstanding , that, however
- He is not contented however rich he becomes - She was not refreshed, notwithstanding that he
slept long
Comparison
As……as , ….. er than/more….. than , the…est/ the most……
- He is as good as You - he is cleverer than I
- He is smarter than wiser - She is the most beautiful girl among those three
Extent/manner
As, so far as , according as, so
- This is not true so far as I can find out - Men will reap as they so
- They chose the Bank Governor according as he was fit - As men sow, so will they also reap
Time
As, as soon as, while, before ,until, after, since, so long as ,when, whenever,
- He called at the house as the clock struck four - he has been very weak since he was taken sick
- He remained silence when he heard that - no one can harm us so long as we remain friends
- You can hold the horse while I bring the saddle - he was a minor until he was 19 years old, etc
Place
Where, wherever, whence
- I found flowers where I expected only weeds - He didn’t tell us whence he had come
Respect
- He didn’t tell me where I made the mistake - We cannot perceive where the difference lies
Manner / means
- Let me ask you how you did that
State / condition
- Let me ask you how your grandpa is today
Doubt
- They wish to know whether/if he has been ready to start
B. Passage 9. ‘Only!’ said the Country Mouse. ‘I do not like that
music at my dinner.’
The Town Mouse and 10. Just at that moment the door flew open, in came
the Country Mouse two huge mastiffs, and the two mice had to
scamper down and run off
Now you must know that a Town Mouse 11. ‘Good-bye, Cousin,’ said the Country Mouse,
once upon a time went on a visit to his cousin in the ‘What! going so soon?’ said the other. ‘Yes,’ he
country. He was rough and ready, this cousin, but he replied; ‘Better beans and bacon in peace than
loved his town friend and made him heartily welcome. cakes and ale in fear.’
Beans and bacon, cheese and bread, were all he had
to offer, but he offered them freely. The Town Mouse E. Collect the derivatives
rather turned up his long nose at this country fare,
and said: ‘I cannot understand, Cousin, how you can Noun Verb Adjective
put up with such poor food as this, but of course you
cannot expect anything better in the country; come
you with me and I will show you how to live. When F. Insert with the best Conjunction
you have been in town a week you will wonder how 12. He begins work … the clock strikes 8 daily
you could ever have stood a country life.’ 13. the frog fell into the well ……………a snake went into it
No sooner said than done: the two mice set 14. he will have been here by 4 tomorrow … you can come
off for the town and arrived at the Town Mouse’s 15. he will return home to find out ……… you manage the
residence late at night. ‘You will want some work
refreshment after our long journey,’ said the polite 16. The author doesn’t know-how to end the story ………. The
Town Mouse, and took his friend into the grand audience get bored with it
dining-room. There they found the remains of a fine 17. you must find the document ………… You get there
feast, and soon the two mice were eating up jellies 18. he will live with His mother ……..his wife agrees
and cakes and all that was nice. 19. he lives on pension ……....he has been too weak and old to
Suddenly they heard growling and barking. work again
‘What is that?’ said the Country Mouse. ‘It is only the 20. The boss agrees to Your ideas…….He doesn’t agree to
dogs of the house,’ answered the other. ‘Only!’ said Your proposal
the Country Mouse. ‘I do not like that music at my 21. according to weather report, it’s going to rain tonight ……
dinner.’ Just at that moment the door flew open, in We’d better not go out
came two huge mastiffs, and the two mice had to 22. …………..the letters I send ……….some email
scamper down and run off. ‘Good-bye, Cousin,’ said 23. They answer in the form of ……....mail ……. email
the Country Mouse, ‘What! going so soon?’ said the every month
other. ‘Yes,’ he replied; 24. the soup tastes plain . You should add salt ……..
‘Better beans and bacon in peace than cakes and ale 25. I was terribly hungry ……….. I ate much bread
in fear.’ 26. She has many clothes ………she is confused which
to wear
C. Find the Conjunction 27. He likes …….music …. movies
1. Now you must know that a Town Mouse once
28. Mr. Lazy likes to have……. assignments …activities
upon a time went on a visit to his cousin in the
country 29. Martha likes sweet tea. She usually takes honey to
2. He was rough and ready, this cousin, but he her tea. Sometimes she adds sugar ……….milk
loved his town friend and made him heartily 30. The homework is killing me ,….. it is too much
welcome. Beans and bacon, cheese and bread, 31. He doesn’t have any money …….. his father comes
were all he had to offer, but he offered them for a regular visit
freely 32. She would like to add … Pepper on her vegetables
3. The Town Mouse rather turned up his long nose …….. on her noodles
at this country fare, and said: ‘I cannot 33. The pig wants water …….. It is …….. thirsty …….
understand, Cousin, how you can put up with The horse
such poor food as this, but of course you cannot
34. this is ……….important information I need to learn
expect anything better in the country; come you
with me and I will show you how to live 35. This jacket costs ……expensive ……. That
4. When you have been in town a week you will 36. There is no news …….much …….. that in hare
wonder how you could ever have stood a country 37. She bought cards last night ………. She could send
life.’ them in the next morning
5. No sooner said than done: the two mice set off 38. people left early to work …they didn’t get held- up
for the town and arrived at the Town Mouse’s 39. She has been living here many years ………her sister
residence late at night. has been only 5 months
6. You will want some refreshment after our long 40. ……….He has worked so hard , he has no Money
journey,’ said the polite Town Mouse, and took 41. There’ll be only one man to choose …………….. he
his friend into the grand dining-room.
is the best
7. There they found the remains of a fine feast, and
soon the two mice were eating up jellies and 42. they have done a lot for our country ……… we
cakes and all that was nice haven’t done any yet
8. Suddenly they heard growling and barking. 43. Global warming must be our concern …….. our
‘What is that?’ said the Country Mouse. ‘It is only mother earth will die sooner
the dogs of the house,’ answered the other. 44. ……..,everything is fine ………… you are here
UNIT 8
INTERJECTION
an exclamatory sound to denote strong feeling / emotion
Noun infinitive
To … V1
- to think that he should have been assassinated
- to ideate that God has come down inside us ,etc
PHRASES
DECLARATION
- (+) She came here yesterday - He doesn’t like tea
- (- ) She didn’t come here yesterday - They’ve worked hard , etc
EXCLAMATION
SENTENCE - What a great idea to meet the president
Having a complete - what a lovely garden it is - What a small world to see you here !
Thought - how beautiful she is - Long time no see you.
- how fast he runs ,etc
QUESTION
- Do you love music ? - Would you like some coffee ?
- What music do you love most ? - When Would he like to leave ? , etc
IMPERRATIVE
- Come here tonight! - let’s discuss it
- Don’t come alone ! - Let’s not talk about it, etc
AS SUBJECTS
- That he likes Pizza so much is right
- That it is him to tell to the police is questionable
- Whether you go or not is not my business
- When they will visit us makes me difficult with my schedules ,etc
AS ATTRIBUTE/COMPLEMENT
-The story is that he confessed as the actor behind the tragedy
CLAUSE -the problem is Who is going to handle this
Having no complete -The Question is Where we will stay
Thought -my hope is that my child must remember me whatever he/she is in the future ,etc
Appositive
- It is gossiped that Lady Diana was murdered
- It was reported that the market was fired on purpose , etc
Indirect
- his war experience made him What you see him to be
- Her stay in Himalaya changes her how she behaves , etc
AS OBJECT Preposition
- He is interested in What I’m talking about ,etc
Infinitive
- He is always ready to do Whatever his girl wants , etc
Participle
- They enjoyed having discussed why Global Warming happens , etc
gerund
- I prefer playing what Renaldo plays
- She appreciates having What you have ,etc
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
The girl in red is Mary - They arrived at noon
She came with susi - work with joy
She left because of illness - He is in trouble
She arrived early by two hours - They are going to Beijing
They rushed into the street - The mother held him by the arms
She makes her clothes by hand - He spoke in behalf of the victims
She comes from East Kalimantan - My house is by the border
They disappeared at 3 o’clock - etc
INFINITIVE PHRASE
PHRASE * The President must create works to employ - He struggled to overcome the crisis
Not contain S or P We deserve to get justice - She comes here to ask for money
To be good is to be happy - it’s important to find the mistake ,etc
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
Playing on line game all night long , he decided not going to school
Having understood, he answered all the question easily
Mary- having arrived, we were able to continue the work
The rain-becoming heavier and heavier , we detained at home
NOUN PHRASE
SBY, the Indonesian president , came here last night
John, my brother , will marry this week
Mr Herman, a large man and with glasses, can speak 5 different languages , etc
B. The passage 14. plan ……………. …………….
15. company ………… …………….
The Shepherd’s Boy 16. excitement ……………. …………….
17. ………… rush ………….
18. ………… call out ……………
There was once a young Shepherd Boy who
19. ……….. ………….. considerable
tended his sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark
20. ………… please ……………
forest. It was rather lonely for him all day, so he thought
21. ………… try ……………
upon a plan by which he could get a little company and
22. trick ………….. …………….
some excitement. He rushed down towards the village
23. ………… ……………. The same
calling out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ and the villagers came out to
24. ………… stop …………….
meet him, and some of them stopped with him for a
25. help ………… …………….
considerable time. This pleased the boy so much that a
26. ………… worry …………….
few days afterwards he tried the same trick, and again the
27. ………… ………….. loud
villagers came to his help.
28. ………… fool ……………
But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come
29. ……….. deceive ……………
out from the forest, and began to worry the sheep, and the
30. ………… complain ……………
boy of course cried out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ still louder than
31. ………… …………. wise
before. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled
32. ………… believe …………….
twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving them,
33. truth ……………. ……………
and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf made
a good meal off the boy’s flock, and when the boy
E. Insert this sentence with the best clause or
complained, the wise man of the village said:
phrase
‘A liar will not be believed, even when he speaks the truth.’
34. A young Man had been caught ……………………...
35. and He had been condemned ………………………..
C. Find the sentence,the clause and the phrase
36. He expressed his desire ……………………………...
37. and of course ………………………….. was granted.
1. There was once a young Shepherd Boy who tended 38. When his Mother came to him he said: ‘I want to
his sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark forest whisper to you ………………………………………
2. It was rather lonely for him all day, so he thought 39. and when she brought her ear ………, he nearly bit it
upon a plan by which he could get a little company off.
and some excitement 40. All the bystanders were horrified, and asked him
3. He rushed down towards the village calling out ……………………………………………………….
‘Wolf, Wolf,’ and the villagers came out to meet 41. ‘………………………………. is to punish ,’ he said
him, and some of them stopped with him for a 42. When I was young I began with stealing little things,
considerable time and brought them home …………..
4. This pleased the boy so much that a few days 43. …………………………………………., she laughed
afterwards he tried the same trick, and again the and was glad
villagers came to his help. 44. “…………………….. will not be noticed”, she said
5. But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come out 45. ……………………... is because of her that I am here
from the forest, and began to worry the sheep, and to-day.’
the boy of course cried out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ still louder 46. ‘He is right, woman,’ said the Priest;; ‘the Lord hath
than before said ‘Train up a child ................he should go
6. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled 47. when he is old he will not depart ………………...’
twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving 48. men were allowed ……………many wives in the old
them, days
7. and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf 49. Cessar,…………………,came to Egypt to propose
made a good meal off the boy’s flock, Cleopatra
8. and when the boy complained, the wise man of the 50. But She,………………… , didn’t love him
village said: ‘A liar will not be believed, even when 51. ………………. Spread up around Rome
he speaks the truth.’ 52. Cessar got angry……………. And declared war on
Egypt to get ………………….
D. Find the Derivatives 53. …………… ,the Queen rushed into Rome sneakily
…………………….
Noun Verb Adjective 54. Cessar agreed not ……………… but …… condition
55. She had to be married …………………
9. ………… ………… young 56. ………………….,They carried out the wedding
10. ……….. tend ……………. ceremony and even later combined the two kingdom
11. ………… ……………. dark …………………
12. shepperd ………… …………… 57. …………………. Didn’t satisfy his people and
13. ……….. ……………. lonely Finally he was assassinated ……… Brutus
UNIT 10
COHERENCE & UNITY
The proper Adjustment of the disorder & oneness of thought in a sentence
CONSISTENCY
BETTERNESS
They serve good food in that restaurant ( better avoided )
That restaurant serves good food ( better used )
You get coffee at that counter ( better avoided )
Coffee is served at that counter ( better used)
One should always be ready to serve one’s country (better avoided )
A man should always be ready to serve his country (better used ) , ETC
DEFINITENESS
He says I am ill ,which is not true ( indefinite, which refers to statement
,which I’m not (indefinite, which refers to Adj
But this/it is not true (indefinite , which refers to the statement
Better to say :
- He says I am ill but I’m not
- I am not ill though he says I am definite and simpler
- It is not true that I am ill
SIMPLICITY – IT
In the paper it says rain ( too many words/wordy )
The paper predicts rain (less wordy)
In the book it tells how to make cakes ( too many words/wordy )
The book tells how to make cakes ( less wordy )
In the prospectus it explains the road ( too many words/wordy )
The road is explained in the prospectus
B. THE PASSAGE 17. danger ……………. ……………………
18. …………. ………… sly
19. …………. ……………. Treacherous
Belling the Cat 20. approach …………… ……………………
Long ago, the mice had a general council to
21. …………. Receive ……………………
considered what measures they could took to outwit their
22. signal …………… ……………………
common enemy, the Cat. Some said this, and some said
23. …………. Escape ……………………
that; but at last a young mouse get up and said he had a
24. ………….. venture ……………………
proposal to made, which he think will meet the case. ‘You
25. ………….. procure ……………………
will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger consisted in
26. …………. Attach ……………………
the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy
27. …………. Retire ……………………
approached us. Now, if we could received some signal of
28. …………… ………………. General
her approach, we could easily escaped from her. I venture,
29. …………… bell ……………………
therefore, to proposing that a small bell be procured, and
30. …………… ………………. Impossible
attached by a ribbon round the neck of the Cat.
By this means we should always know when
she is about, and could easily retire while she is in the
E. Get the right coherence and unity to this
neighborhood.’ This proposal meet with general applause, sentence
31. the reason I like it is because it is beautiful
until an old mouse got up and said: ‘That is all very well,
32. The reason is because he is popular
but who is bell the Cat?’ The mice looked at each other 33. he came during the time that you were out
and nobody speaking. Then the old mouse said: 34. The condemning fact about the man is because he is rich.
35. Because you were elected doesn’t justify your being
‘It is easy to proposing impossible remedies.’ superior in attitude
36. Work is when one is occupied agreeably
C. Find and Correct the mistakes 37. he jumped at the time at which he heard the bell ring
38. Not only you but also He …… (is/are) here
39. Both Nancy and Joanna ……….(is /are ) going to deliver a
1. Long ago, the mice had a general council to speech
considered what measures they could took to outwit 40. Though Nobody …………. (love) you, God will always
their common enemy, the Cat love and never ………. (abandon ) you
2. Some said this, and some said that; but at last a 41. While Clinton …………. (Shovel) the snow, Hillary
young mouse get up and said he had a proposal to ………. (slip ) on it
42. I knew that workers …………… (go) to General Council to
made, which he think will meet the case call for justice
3. ‘You will all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger 43. While I ………….. (open ) the Box, she …… (run away )
consisted in the sly and treacherous manner in which in fear
the enemy approached us. 44. You can read either Novel ……. (and/or) A newspaper
4. Now, if we could received some signal of her 45. Either You or I ………..(am/are ) here to wait
approach, we could easily escaped from her 46. I have club and ………… (have/has) 50 members
5. I venture, therefore, to proposing that a small bell be 47. in the text book ,it is founded some heroine
48. They only call and interview the experienced people for that
procured, and attached by a ribbon round the neck of position
the Cat. 49. Rumor says Mayangsari was already pregnant , which is
6. By this means we should always know when she is possibly right, before getting married with Bambang
about, and could easily retire while she is in the 50. My ankle hurts and I shall therefore run the race
neighborhood 51. One must have one’s believe in God to survive
7. ’ This proposal meet with general applause, until an 52. You don’t need to be hurried if your safety is in danger
old mouse got up 53. His speech was well
8. And said: ‘That is all very well, but who is bell the 54. He will pass so he does his work
55. one can buy Milk and coffee here
Cat?’ The mice looked at each other and nobody 56. the audience has been ready but still the speaker doesn’t
speaking show up to them
9. Then the old mouse said: ‘It is easy to proposing 57. I like English and Spirituality. it gives me knowledge and
impossible remedies.’ peace of mind
58. on our return from the city, we found guests at the house
D. Find the Derivatives (c: pron we omitted)
59. John danced but Marry sang at the school entertainment
60. While he seems happy, he feels his loss deeply
Noun Verb Adjective 61. The summers are short and hot but the winters are long and
cold (clue : while )
10. ………… ………… general 62. Do your best when/while you wish to get ahead (c;if )
11. ……….. consider ……………. 63. He will pass so he does his work (clue: provided)
12. measures ……………. …………… 64. So you will torture me, I will not tell ((clue :though )
13. …………. ………… common 65. An old general told us his experience in the world war
14. enemy ……………. ………….. which was most interesting
15. proposal ………… ………….. 66. We went to the circus and to see the elephant perform
67. The president of our club is a man about thirty years old and
16. ……….. …………. chief he is very much liked
UNIT 11
EMPHASIS & VARIETY
Making the speaking/writing stronger and more engaging
BALANCED
Example :
Man proposes God disposes * Worth makes the man
Nothing venture, nothing gain * No pain no Gain
An eye for an eye * A tooth for a tooth ,etc
REPETATION
Example :
He works day after day
He lives there all alone
He asks me for money over and over and over again
He does the experiment many and many and many a day
I love you forever and ever and ever ,etc
DIRECT DISCOURSE
Example :
He shouted to the crowd ,“ I am ready to stand by these promises to the death” , etc
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Never was there a beautiful day * Hardly ever does he work everyday
Not only does he prefer it but he will have it in no other way
ADVERB
Here is an apple * There he comes
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT
The more the merrier * The harder you try the more difficult it will be
SUBJUNCTIVE
Had I known it , I would have helped him
Were you to go with me, I would be happier
EXPRESSIONAL FORMS
the whys are important * the really beautiful is rare
seeing is believing * saving is having
That he had failed was known by all * His dancing was very awkward ,etc
B. PASSAGE E. Change into the best emphasis
A. IN-DEPENDENT CLAUSES
- Name the essential Subjects completely
2. CLAUSE - Name the essential predicate completely
- Explain all modifying words
B. DEPENDENT CLAUSE
- What kind of This Clause
- How it functions
- How the relationship to the In-Dependent Clause
- Name the essential Subjects completely
- Name the essential predicate completely
- Explain all modifying words
3. PHRASES
EXAMPLE OF ANALISYS 1 :
EXAMPLE OF ANALISYS 2 :
If the weather is clear we shall go in the new car which is my pride and joy
2 dependent clause :
-Adv clause of condition mod the Predicate Shall go - it’s Adj clause modifying Car in the In
- If , the conjunctive adv and serve as the connection link dependent Clause
Between the conditional clause and the independent Clause - Which is the relative Pronoun as Subj of
Weather is the essent S & the weather is the Complete S the Verb Is , the essential P
- Is , the Ess P & is clear ,the Complete P - is my pride and joy , the Complete P
- Clear is adj as a pred Complement describing the weather - the phrase pride and joy is the compound
pred noun , modified by the possessive
pronoun my and connected by the coordinate
conjunction and
B. Passage E. Analyze this way !
Love can tame the wildest. Subject Mod Pred Modifi Complement
22. The man knew that she would win several contests
D. Derivatives
23. Mom likes bakso but she doesn’t eat much
Noun Verb Adjective
24. Knowing that he wouldn’t succeed, he resigned from the
9. ………….. ……………… beautiful election
10. marriage …………….. …………….
25. The old people did not know what to say
11. ………… propose …………….
12. ………… know ……………. 26. Love can tame the wildest.
13. affection …………….. …………….
14. …………. ……………. honored 27. The Lion was so much in love that he had his claws
15. ………… remove …………… trimmed and his big teeth taken out
16. …………. Consider …………..
17. …………. Laugh …………. 28. Man proposes God disposes
18. injury ………….. ………….
19. ………… tame ………….. 29. I was reading a newspaper when he came
20. ………… ……………. Tender
21. ……….. extract …………… 30. She left her job for good because of illness
UNIT 13
PARSING & SYNTAX
Telling what part of speech a word is in a sentence & what part of speech a word is in a sentence
Adverb of Quantity “We must rest first before going any further
Co-ordinating Conjunction “ He has some real sorrow; else he wouldn’t weep as he does
of Quantity “ He has got enough money to stay
Adj as a noun “ Enough is enough
“ Get your enough to complete the work
Numeral “ we have enough books to understand this matter
Def Demon “ the light of the sun is brighter than that of the moon
Pron
Relative “ the book that you gave me is lost
Coord Conjunction “ He has finished the work in time.Well,I didn’t expect it of such a lazy
man
Adverb “ What with illness,What with losses, the poor man is almost ruined