"_/~~-:'-~:~;;'I

f~,'~-"

NorroUves Slories

I =~-

.-------------J.~

m1

The pietures helow are from a storyentitled

-.-"'-'"

-,-~,!--'~-f

...

"Rescued!" Try to put them in

',!

~"'''''

;,~_.-.,:

the correct order, then lisien te the cassette and checkyour answers,
FinaUy,reteil the 51011' in yuur ownwords .
i

1-

.... _'--_.
---7..-.....
r>-1~ -" ",_,"'~

'~~;>::.<~'---:~

"'-'--

-_.-

- .---~--'--' ~----

.,._ ..-.~ .....

i -

A narrative can be written in the first or tne third persa n and describes a series of
events, either imaginary or based onyour own experience. A good narrativa should
consist of:
a) an introduction inwhich you set the scerie (people invoived. time, place) in an
interesting way fa catch the reader's a!tention and make him!her want fa

,.

!:

continue reading your story:

o) a man body consisting of two or more paragraphs in which you deveiop your

t
t-

story; and
e} a concruslon
in whieh you can reterto people's feelings, comments and
reactions or consequences. The more unpredictable your conclusion is, the

This type of writing can be found in novels, articles, witness staternents, etc,

Poios toconsder

t
t

You shouid never startwriting your story before vounave decided on a plot.
Sequence 01 events is very important. Use timewords sueh as: at first, before,

until, while,during, then, after, finally, etc,

Use of various adjectives (disgusted, exhiiarating, etc.) and adverbs (tearlessly,

l'

Be careful with the tenses you choose. You ean use Past Continuous to set the
scene (e.g. It was ra:ining hard and tbewino WBS blowing as Jonetnen drove

1t

towards the small cottage.), Past Simple to describe the main events of thestory.

@,

I
I

surprisingly, etc.) lo describe feelings andactions, as well as use of direct speech

and a variety o verbs, will make your story more exciting lo read.

tront door. He knocked

on the door but there was no answer.) or Past Perfect lo

givethe background of the story (e.g. Jonethen had been plannJng to visitthe old

Descriptions of peope, olaces: objects or events and descriptive techniques can oe

used in a narrativa when you want lo emphasise specific parts o your narration,

malo
erear it:self in

event
deftl/l)

lIod

tlp
fhe

o~

f,.

the garden gate and went through the garden iowerds the

can

(describe inddents leoding

to fhe

(e.g. Jonathan openad

cottage tor months beiore he was able ro do so). Present and past participles
also be used. e.g. Startied, he went round tbe houee towardsthe back door.

where

f
r

I;;

Pf3rli'I',1I1

Set lile s;celJe {who - w/en WMt}

lonqer-lastinq the impression itwill make on the reader.

C!OGooeeo-oo.ooseco

(reter to moods. consequences.pef>ple 's reactions,

feelings. commests)

Which oribe folfowing beginnngs and endings are more

interesting?Why?

Technques to begin or end a story

A good beginningis
asimportant
as a good endinq. A good beginning
shouldmake your reader wantto 90 on with your story. A good ending will

A I wdke upana gotQut:ofbeiH!$1~,~hhwer.

ate breaRtasf. anillefi: '.
, :. .

make your reader feet satisfied.

You
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.

can start yourstory by:

describi~ weather. surroundings, peopie. etc. using the senses
using dlrect speech
askinga rhetorcal question (a question which expects no answer)

room windowwhen I woke. Ilay there \az!y fo.

a few minutes. fue[\ jumped out of bed and
stepped under fue ilot water of fue show~r. T!'e
smeU o coee drifted ttlrough from fue kitchen.

creatng mystery or suspense

referring toyour feelings or moods

f .. addressing thereader
YOt1

B Brigntmoming sunlight shOne through my.beo:

directly

can end your story by':

a;
b.
c.

using direct speech

referringto your feelngs or moods
describing people's reactions lo the events developed in the main bodX

d.

creatingmystery

e. "askinga-rhetorical
Note that morethan

or suspense

..

~ ..

question

A Exhaustedand$ok~ tatte skin. /'Slammed

the froll! door lJehifld me. !thraw myseff onto
_~ - :;:r:~p:~d" sta[e\Li[1to:the darkrless and tliought
DitteJ1y. "Why me?~

one technique can be .usad in the beginnng or ending

B At las! 1was nome again. anesoon went to

ofyour story ..

oeo. It hadbeen a tifing day.

Read the folowing story which begins with the werds "Someone
from the hospital called; it sounded urget:" and corred the mistakes, Write S for spelling, WO for word order, \\'W. for wreng
word, G for grammar or P for punctuation.

Read theftlHowing tepies,

decide onthe.plot Une. then
write any of them in 126 .180
words,

G waiJ

"Someone from the hospital calle. ; it sounded urgent. It's your wife,
Maybe you should ..-" Paul.didn't vaite for the secretary to finish.
He turned pale and broke intoa cold sweat, then did his way hur-

Y ou have decided to enter ,

short story competition .. y oi
should write a story el1dinf

through theslow traffic. He har noticed the honking of horas, the

with the words: "I! wason~

then [ha! 1 realised they hac

screeching o breaks.or .theorher drivers yelJing furious!y at him.

"Please, please let.nerbeall right," hekept saying to himself.

mistaken me for someone else.

2 A magazine is running a com

Minutes later, the doors of the ernergency department opened and

petition for the best shor

he found him in the cold reception lounge, He pushed to the front of

the queueandasked for his wife. the receptionist patiently scanned the
cornputer screen and then directed him to Room 12. Without tothank-

story statting with the words

"Who can this man be?" Sheil.
wondered. as she looked at th.
slranger standing al the /ron
door. "

riedly back to the car park, jurnped into his car and drived crazily

ing her, he dashed or the lift. Heart pounding, Paulhis eyes closed or
a moment, praying. He dreaded what he was about to find.
The door opened onto adimly lighted corridor. Paul walked towards
Room 12 and.nervous pushedthe door open. She waslaying in bed,
exhausring. She sleepily opened her eyes and murmured, "hello, darling. Sory i couldn't wait. Its a boy."

3' A

magazine isrunning a com

petition for thebest

I
~
i
f

ShOI

story entitled

"A Disstrou

Evcning".Write

your story.

Brlole

The wedding

B fOOIV\

-> ~ \J \<2 .
-";>

Q;l1no..~lC)US
B

Bride; G = Groom
(;(

B: Roses

carnatons?

G: Sorry, what
B: Roses

WdS

O\(A~J

that?

d carnatons?

Fdr tho butidnholes~

G: Dd we need owos?

B: Wdll, yeso I'd like th~rn.

G: Ftowos

very expensive,

yd

-------

know Vcronica,

We've already spent too mucho

B: Bdt it is

specol day, John.

G: OK. How obout red roses?

B: Red? No! l.indo Evons had red roses at her
wedding.
G:So?
B: Well, didn't

yd

use to go out with hor?

G: Yes, so what?
B: Wel\ I don't want our wedding to be like hers.
G: Yo're not still jealos df hor. are you?

B: Jealos? Me? Jealos? df course I'm not. Yd did

go out with bdJifour

years, though.

~ytf

(There is an unco

fortable silence)

B: Hove

yd

G: No, I
been
B: What
thom

havon't booked

booked tho honeymoon

yet?

thd honeymoon.

too bUSY"b
I
/,..eput
about tho cat{}rdrs.
obout thd menu?

I've

Hove y'd spoksn td

G: No, I havon't.

B: ond thd man who'I\ be doing thd disco?

G: No.

(
IC,LUt\

B: Tho VICdr obout thd church service?

G: No.
B: Th'd photogrcpho?

G: No.
B: The flowos fg tho church?
G: I thought you w~ going tg see tg tharn.
B: I can't bolieve this. Wg not evon married yet,
ond wo're arguing already!
(There is a pause)

')

oV:

v....

G: Look Voronica, maybe we sH'dd wait 'd while.

B: What?
G: Before we get married.
B: What d yd saving, John?
G: I'm saying thst I think we snod cal! off tho
wedding.

~~\J\cJ)
...y

'.

G9--veles "

UEnrnUnlCatlve test your general knowledge

.j~~i:;:-1~-i~~JlI?[Ii~.ljjj~~f,.~rjl.t.ll;t.i~i:1.;
..
Compiete the quiz with a, an, the, or - (no article).

G In pairs, see how many

q?estions

1 Whidl pianet isnearest to ~

2 Whattype offruit is

you can answer.

sun?

A- cantaloupe?

J How many states are there-.ink

USA?

4 In whidI sea can you 'find ~

5 ii1w dlt:

Balearic Islands?
the world,

mOie nurnerous in

--=- men

~women?
6 Whichanimal is

7 What rolour are __

8 Whatis

symbol of'ik...- WWF?

babies' eyes at birth?

+t00f0 of 40?

9 What letter is on ~

right of ~

10 WhatwaslMname

of __

11 Whatoountryis_lake

.JL

11 Whafs ~

Iarzan's monkey?
Como in?

highest mountain

in

13 How many strings does ~

14 Whowas~second

'B' on a keyboard?

T1o.~,

.
5k..Himalayas?

bass guitar have?

person to walk on

~'-t

15 How many players can be on court in __

moon?

volleyball

team?
16 What is~

fourth sign of __

11 Whidl nation first gave _-_

zodiac?

women

18 Whichanimals were domesticated

k right to vote? Nc
first, __

cats or

-dogs?
19 WhichEuropean country hasn't fought in ~
since

1815?

20 Whatis rttlargest

man-made

21 What\oegetableis ~
22 ls

war

structure on Earth?

vodka often made from?

-=- spider -D.l!. insect?

2J \\1lat rolour iskblack

box on ~

24What's .k,sacred

river

in ~

25 \\l1iill travels faster,

--=-

plane?

India cafled?

light or ~

sound?

~~2

y~

~~
~~~~~~:

:,~~~
~

Reading English caf culture;

reading for gist

k and leisure

listening

living and warking

in New Zealand and Russia

Help with Pronunciation

the schwa Idl

Spe~king and Ilsteninq

Work in gronps. Are these sentences
true or false?
1

2
3
4

about Russia

People work from 10.00 a.m. until 6.00 p.ffi. every day.
Russians like going to the countryside at the weekends.
When they want to relax, Russian people like doing
nothing at a11.
Cafs are becoming more and more popular in Russia.

English caf cultrrre

a) .
Listen
to two teachers, Valentina from
Russia and Chris from New Zealand, talking about
lifest.yles in their countries, Check yonr answers to 1.

...by Stephen Moss

1I~J

r:=~

1 ~~=

I"~
~'.","

b) Listen again. Choose the correet words.

2
3
4
5

Chris and Valen tina bothhed~/didsome

gardening at the weekend.
Weekend activities seem more/less interesting in New
Zealand than in Russia,
The working day in Russia is the same as/shorter than
it is in New Zealand.
lt is more/less common to have more than one job
in Russia.
In the summer, going to the beach/the countryside is
more popular in New Zealand, but going to the
countryside/the beach is more popular in Russia.
In Russia, going to cafs/parties is popular, but in New
Zealand now, going to cafs/parks is more popular.

Reading

ano Speakng

}"~f culture, English-style, began i the seventee'ntb. .

"century:Itwas
assbcitedwith
radicalpolitics, 'but it
';JJecarne '.reallyppl~lr irithe eighteenth ,century. '" ..
':,"Coffee lJ.O,l1~es}h6nwere very different fromwhai. we
:\no-w,thln1<:;bf;s'saf6c)llwre'
," says Markham Ellis, '
~tithqtdt7:~f~p.,if~~:lio.~;~i::1
Cultural1fft0lJ:::,"They
5Sver~ 'in'cloai'sM~r:, starr,' ?ut you'd rarely find women .'
;;,,;Jhere.Tb.~Y:lr'e;9lose1y associated with'news a;d'

I
.1

English cafs are becoming more popular than pubs.

Pubs have be come too expensive.
Caf culture is slowly changing in England. It is
becoming more similar to European caf culture.

e When we read an anide for the first time, we don't

worry about understanding every word. We justtry to
understand the main idea.

1\
;1

_l~~~~rjl~~iJi;~oe
long

wa~,fr~~:h'

;;wj:'propeSc,caf~,Q~i;t1i~:~11old
beflbout jndiv~dality,'{ ,

.~\{~aysth~',?.i.:ch.#~~I:JVi1I~Jsop.!i~you .n.e~dgood peple.

,i.,.,..:.:.:
.....
'.)~\w.1i~restauranLIt
1",S.:.~..;'.>~'.'};.;.:f.~za~:~~~.;i,i[~:~:,~,J.':~'
.'.
.to ..,,.c.r-:eate.
.. a,g." opd caDo or
.1::,,;
should be

"'1"~'i~&w;t~~~tiii:

'.a. pl~c~.;'here

people

~.)~xchangestries:

,:j1.C':

b) Read the article again. Answer these questions.

1

a) Read the article about the English caf culture.

Which is the best surnrnary?

5
6

Why did men go to cafs in the 170057 Tofind out

about news and to discuss ideas.
What does Will Alsop think helps rnake a successful
caf?
Does he think it is important for ltalian cafs to be in
an attractive location?
According to Fernando Freitas, in which country do
people go to cafs more often, Portugal or England 7
What reason does Fernando Freitas give Ior the faet
that his bar is not busy at lunchtime?
What ehange has Giorgio Locatelli noticed since he
arrived in England?

'=

Help with Pronunciafion .

One of the most common sounds in English is the schwa /'dl. It is never
stressed. Ir is the sound of rhe definite article (thg car) and the indefinite
article ( car).

,
"

Listen to these words. Notice the sounds in bold.

e

exercise
annoyed

a)
1
.2
3

~~.:/-.~\:\"
-;..>""~';::/;'-;' -";,~;\::"','}::_~:-;-:;'<,:;<"::(/:'. ,:'. (;. ',::,i~)':'/

pain'or Portugal, he sy~~,l:~g,la.fSi'l;

often have breakfast, ~uric!1tld):c~";,
"ermthe same place. Thi"\0ier.:,';:
llknw exactly what iS'wantedanct2"
>Se it cm the table asa regular walks,,-;.
%;t~ilch costsG (nAO).' At La :"',
~scallinch sets me back
"fhout wine. It's a once-a-week
not part of ~ily life.

m-i~Listen
me Ion
Japan
confused

and mark the stressed

4
5
6

syllable in each Y"ord.

relatives
disappointed
relaxed

h] Listen again and circle the schwa sounds l'dl.

Look at these words, Fill in the gaps in each group of words with a vowel.
What do the missing letters have in cornmon?

nz.so .

~~t;

k-j~~~);,;tC\-C)

i .:~..(~.(

lian-born chef Giorgio Locatelli,

hois based in London, sounds
'pre,positive, "When 1 carne here
)985, nobody ate outside. Some
ubshad. gardens, but they were
IClosed, not looking out onto the
ijeet. We've come a long way since
en."
,:"._.;..:.
t)..:..

However, Locatelli says we should

t;,~asuregood pubs, which Italians
'''{re in the way we adore their
i~zza cafs,

llJfJlU

a)
Listen and put the sentences
syllables.

in arder. Notice the unstressed

a) Maria bought a compurer yesterday

Lauras annoyed with her younger sister,

Her father was very relaxed.
d) The burgers at the barbeque were wonderful.
e) My brothers working as a teacher in China,
b)

~~dapted from the Guardian 5/07/08

Work in groups. Discuss these

questions.
1

2
3
4

Is caf life in your country

similar to Italy and Portugal,
or is it similar to England?
What do you Iike best about
cafs in your country?
What annoys you the most?
Would you like to own or
run a caf? Why7fWhy not?

el

b) ~

Listen again and practise.

"

Reading Mass tourism

Listening tourism in Rome; listening
more than once
Help with Pronunciation word stress

ass tourtern
Speaking ano Reading
Work in groups. Discuss the positve and negative
aspects of living in a tawn ar city that is popular
with taurists.

! negative

positive

You can practise Eng'Ush

with tourists

--------_

.._--j--

I taurists ie;;';;'a lat 0[<-'

' rubbish in ihe sireeis

a) Read the two articles about mass tourism.

1

Do the artcles mention any o your ideas fram 1?

Which writer is in favour of mass tourisrn I Which
writer isn't?~-\\
\ "J

b) Read the articles again. Who gives these opinions?

Write PhiIip or Martin.
1

2
3
4
5
6
7

Tourism stops cities from living. Philip

Tourism has not helped smalllocal shops~
.
London also suffers from mass tourism. "
Tourism provides ernploymenr Ior young people. {\
Restaurant owners become lazy because of tourism.?
Tourism provides the development of new industries.\\
Eating habits are very different in different countries:14
Tourists don't think about the comfort of local
resiclents. 'P

Ustening

ami Speaking

0urism has increased dramaticalIy

in the last few years. It has
happened so rapidly that we've hardly
had time to consider if it is good or
bad. We like to think that it's a good
thing. It brings money to the local
economy and it benefits tourists by
exposing thern to different cultures.
However, when tourism expands
beyond a certain point, it starts to kill
a city, There are cities throughout
Europe, like Florence and Venice,
that are dead, killed by the weight of
tourism. No one would live there if
they had the choice. It's impossible to
walk down the street. It's impossible
to find a dry-cleaner, a supennarket,
a greengrocer, or even an ordinary
department store. Tourists don't need
. them, so they don't exist.

The ~rave' witer amD b'

Dunlord re~' p~ hsher off Rough Guides
Hensher.
' ..pon S to an articie by Philip ,
Martgn

11

.' And the quality of what does

exist rapidly getsworse. Restaurants
often just don't make the effort.
Why should they? They can make
an exlremely good living out of
people who are in the city for one
day and will never come back. They
don't need lo cultivate regular
customers. Restaurant owners don't
see the point o f cooking delicious
food for Northern Europeans who
order cappuccinos after their meal.
The tourist industry has taken
control of much of the Mediterranean,
Florence, Venice, the Aegean islands
might very well have developed new
industries and new expertise, but
tourism pushes out any kind of
prper industry or innovation.
Tourists want to see what has always
been there, so nothing must be
allowed to put them off. They
complain when the people who live
there build modern roads. Tourists
want to see an old and 'typical' road
that is impossible to drive on in the
middle of winter. In effect, they want
Disneyland, not a working city .

I agree with a lot of what

'.
effec(s of modem
. PhiIlp Hensher says in his
.
(as is London, or th~~~s~~/orence
in July is indeed a~~~:e~about the negetiv
demand high standa v8C vS,of the Costa del Sol) Tour" eGsan~Jycrowded
parts of rural southerdSE,nreslaUrants. But if it we~en't }sts don t general/y
..
rn urope would have lost their
IOr tounsm, (hen mal"
Ir IS unfair to expect man
'.
young people years ago '
advantage of (he eco
y COuntnesIn the World to rem .
.
community he/ps eve~omlc beneflts that tourism brings ~ntoor and not take
those who work for th one to have a better standard of'- x ra money In the
, .
e tounst mdustry.
IVlng and not just
P:,.,.:.,;; l)
Listen to Duncan talking about tourists in
Isn t rt better that tourism ha
""_
.
.,
"
less anyone ca
s made tralfel easy? I ,.
Rome, Put these topics m tne oruer you near them.
Perhaps the 'd ~.:ee the Wonders of Tuscany
G sn t It better that more or
. l'
.
,y
I e to 18ammore.
,or reece, or Africa, or Japan;'
a) bars and restamants3;.
d) rubbish'A
It ISeasy to lau h '
.
.
'k
(-l'
9 at lhe mlstak th
.
b) the economy in Rome
e) what he li es about Rome r: ocal cUIsine. Howeve 't' l' es at tounsts make as th
.
r
1) .
on,
t, I S a so possibl
th ,.
ey expenmen' w'f h
e) tour groups 1
f) trafne clJ
e COunlrymay themsel
b
e al he people wh J '
l .'.11 Le
M.
ves e laughed at in another c
o augn at tounsts in . ,>
..
ass touflsm isn't necessari'
.
ountry.
\ll To practise listening, we can listen to a recording
Faltleast trall.el can be enjOYe~Ybaygood thing, for tourists or for the lo 1
orence In Jul'
everyone Just b I
cars Bu!
more than once. The second and third time we listen,
y
.
e c ever and don't visit

t...

we can try to understand more detail.

Adapted from Th !.
e ndependent 08;'00

'!'

Help with Pronuncation

b} Listen again. Tick the true
sentences. Correct the false
ones.

4
5

Duncan moved to Rome five

years ago. No, he moved there
more than [ive years ago.
The tourist season can
continue until November.-Public transport in the city
centre is crawded during the
tourist season. \"
In Rome there are special
pavements for tourists. fPeople working in bars in
Rome like to practise their
English with tourists.\The city council doesn't pick
up the rbbish rear [he Trevi
fountain. tDuncan knows that many
people in Rome make their
living from tourism."]"

(~ In English the stress in two- and three-syllable words often falls on the
first syllable.
Remember that stressed syllables are more prominent (longer, higher in
pitch and louder) than unstressed syllables.

@~
.
~~Jif.;,

V,..~r;J:::,jListen and match these words to stress patterns 1 and 2. Which

words have twosyllables?
Which words have three syllables?
2

wonderful

'1

saucepan

difficult

,~ ~?v~~~_~:;;tf~L~,"p~pu"l~r~.c~ic~?~~~~~
.....

a}

lt~

Listen and count the syllables in each word.

journey
2 jour ney
gorgeous
e) nightmares
d) frightened
e) interested
f) separately

a)

b)

b) Listen again and mark the stressed

a) Work in pairs. Follow these
instructions.
Student A: You are a tourist in
student B's town or city. Use the
prompts to find out more about
the town or city.
Student B: You are a resident in
your town or city. Tell student A,
a tourist, about i.t. Use the
prornpts to help )Ton.
@

e
e
o

a good time of year to visit

interesting places to visit
good bars and restaurants
ways to get to know local
pea ple

b) Work with your partner.

Role-play the conversaton.

syllables.

a) Work in pairs. Match these words to stress patterns

absolutely

tourisrn2, public1 economp

independently1)

dsapponted

...~dventu~o~s~

popularity

~ tradtona12

laz:J

<DC".~

informaton

exerciseJJdanger

pOSS~~lity~

0~--~ ..
(-~~)
.

b) ~}~~1 Listen and check your answers.

a) Look at these groups of words. Which word is not stressed on the
first syllable?

overtime
jonrne
ornato
airport
furious

b)

!i'in~Listen

1
2
3
4

de
in es pressure ~
working
toaethe
package holiday separately
orange lemon broccoli carrots
countr ---souv~
tourists suitcase
angry
elighte
fascinated gorgeous
and check your answers.

e) ~~ Listen again and practise.

L{

(3)C:.:0

0~

~
.

personalityb

aube~gine.2--ins~.~~i.~.? wor~~~o.~t

o ..
pP";l'l>~

traffic~
satisfedu

1-5.

Reading

a personal email; recognising

text type

enovations

Listening

renovation disasters

Help with Pronunciation

beginning of words

!h! at the

Speakng and Ustening

Frorn:
monica.lewis@getinternational.co.uk
To:
sailyandlarry@bmail.com
Subject: Renovations

a) Complete the questionnaire about jobs

around the house.

Hi Sally,
How are you? I hope you and Lawrsnce-are both well. I bumped
into your mum the other day and she said you were thinking O
doing some renovations. She also said that you're keen to hear
Irom people who had been through the renovation process and I
told her I would write to you.

b) Work in groups. Discuss your answers.

As you know, we had an extra room added to the top 01 our

house a couple 01 years ago. I have to conless that it was one
01 the most difficult things I've lived through. It was much more

a)
Listen to neighbours Simon and
Monica talking about house renovations. Tick
the true sentences. Correct the false ones.
1

difficult than I'd thought it would be.

Simon and Moniea are having renovations done

on their houses. No, Simon is having renovations

done on his house.

2

3
4
5
6

The renovations on Simcns house will finish

in six weeks.
Simon had a hot shower after work.
The shower was repaired very quiekly.
One of the builders fell off the roof.
Simon is worried the builder will slow things
down.

7
8

The builders have their own CD player.

Simon is planning to celebrate the end of the
renovations.

building process is, I think, essential.

b) Listen again and complete the problem report.

2

IRoom?

Bathroom

~ What

1..

il

l happened?

Wt~r...

camethrough
lightfittingin
shower.

!!

Solution

damaged.

broken

disconnected, 5
no! reconnected.
Waterpipe
reconnected
sameevening.

Also if you can afford it, I would strongly recommend that you
move out while the builders are working. Although the builder
was in the top part of the house, it was still hard living on the
ground floor. Every day I would come home from work and have
to clean everything before I could cook anything. I got so tired
that we ended up eating takeaways or going out to restaurants
far more often than we usually do. I sometimes think that we
spent more money eating out than we saved by not moving out!
So I ihink you can see that our experience was fairly negative.
However, that's because we made mistakes right from the

Builderfell from

How?

Client'sB

The first thing I'd suggest you do is look al your budget and
make sure you've got enough money to make the work as stressfree as possible. Greg and I tried to save money by deciding to
uve in our house while it was being renovated. Another mistake
we made was in no! asking the architect to be the project
manager of the actual building process. Greg thought that as
we would be living on-site we wouldn't need an architect. Greg
knows a bit about building, but he didn't know enough to
manage a process as complicated as this. For example, he
signed some plans that meant the door at the top of the stairs
opens the wrong way! Getting a good architect to manage the

Willreplace
ceiling.

gol inioii.

beginning. The key thing is to do lots of research and do lhings

properly. You can sometimes waste money when you think
you're saving it.
Overall, I dori't regret doing the renovations becauss I love the
new bedroom we now have. But the next time we do any work
on the house, we will do it very differently!
Let me know if lean help with any more advice.
Lots of love,
Monica

Help with Pronunclation

<

Readh1gand Speaking
It is always a good idea to
think about what type of text
we are reading. For exarnple,
s the text teliing a story? 15 ir
de5cribing something?
15it
giving advice?
l

(i) In English we usually say

the !h! sound at the beginning
of words (he, 11im) It is the
sound we make when we
breathe on a mirror. But be
careful, there are so me
exceptions (honest /nUIst/).

Work in pairs. What texts have

you read in English in the
past month? What types of
texts were they? What were
theyabour?

;:

}..:../

a) Read Monica's email about

her renovations. How should
Sally reply to the email?
Choose the best suggestion.
1

Sally should thank Monica

for her ernail and send her
the name of an architect who
can help Monica with the
renovations.
Sally should thank Monica
[OI her email and tell her she
will definitely use her ideas
fOI the renovations.

Listen to these words. Notice the /h/ sounds.

house
helpful
hotel

~:illli;).D Listen

to these sentences.

Which sentence,

a) or b), do you

hear first?
1

@ I'm just
b)

a)
b)

a)
b)

al

b)
a)
b]

heating up my beans,
I'rn just eating up my beans.
1 ate cereal for breakfast.
1 hate cereal for breakfast.
Can 1 introduce you to Anna?
Can 1 introduce you to Hannah?
Roben has no heart.
Robert has no art.
This is my murn, Helen.
This is my murn, Ellen.

a) Look at the words in the box. Which

b) Read the email again. Make

notes on the advice about
renova tions.

who./

1:1)

how

hour

whole

house

have the lhI sound at the beginning?

why

ham

white

honour

Listen and check your answers.

a) Make sentences wth these words.

Armes I really / hat / hates / Harry .

always / detached / husband I house I had / Her I has / a .
singles / many / How / has / had / hit / he 7
Helen / Is / Heathrow / going / airport / to 7
holiday / hadn't / Hawaii / about / He / heard / Eddie's / in.

13)

0;~;-i;,t;7Listen

1
2
3
4

e}

fe
\

a) Imagine you know someone

who is going to have some
renovations done. Think of
some possible problems, then
think of some advice to give
that persono Use the ideas from
the conversation in 2 and the
email i.n 4, as well as your own
ideas.
b) Work in pairs. Take turns
giving advice.

and check your answers.

Listen again and practise.

hear

nou
Speaking and Read~ng

ets!

r::in~~~hiS:=-~I
I
i
\.

Listening the technophobe;

predicting before listening
Help with

Pronunciation

sentence stress

.~~=~~~~~~~

a} Think of the last three gadgets you bought.

Why did you buy them?

b) Read the article again. Tick the sentences that agree

with 'enoughism'. Say why the other sentences don't.

b] Work in groups. Tell other students about

your gadgets.

I've lost my mobile. I'm going to buy a new one that

"lets me check my work email at weekends.jvo, you
don't need to check your emeils at weekends.
z I'm not going lo get a faster cornputer. The one 1
have is good enough.
3 If 1 want something new, 1 buy it with my credit carel.
\Vho cares about bills?
4 1 never listen to my MP3 player. I'rn going to give t
to my sister.
5 I'm going to stop working overtime. 1 don't really
need the extra money.
6 I'rn going to take my friendJoe shopping with me.
He has great taste in clothes.
7 1 leave my mobile phone and laptop computer al
home when 1 go away on holiday.

a) Read the article. What is 'enoughsm? Choose the

best definition.
'Enoughism' is ...
1 deciding that you are good enough because of the
things you own and do.
2 owning only the things that are necessary, enough
to be comfortable.

Enoughism

....

By Daphne
Guinness
In "1999, Londoner John
Naish had a Eureka!

momento He was hurrying out of his bathroom, when he

steppedon his mobile phone and broke it. "I didn't
replaceit. Life'i;just as productive with email."
Then he sawa poster that said A10re Computing Power
Means More You. "1 thought, no! That will mean a lot of
what people don't want - anxiety, jealousy, self-pity,
things like .that." Eureka Il! The idea for his book Enough:
Breakingfreefrom the world of more was born. VVearen't
happy with what we've got and we chase after more
stuff, more food, more information, more status, more
everything. All this makes us sick, tired ancl angry, ancl
gets us into debt.
So Naish wants us toembrace 'enoughism' liberating ourselves from stuff we clon't need. Then we
can enjoy everything we have. But the question is how?
Hesays weshould stop buying fast cars or the latest
elcctronic gaclget. Insteacl, he says, we shouIcl practise
what they do in Papua New Guinea to show status. We
shoulcl give things away. "There," he explains, "having
more is considered rnean, giving stuff away is coo1."
Vvorkaholics often work to acquire things they don't

need. What we should do instead is "Decide how much

rnoney you need to live on, thenorganise your working
life to meet.that goal. Aclcl 20% for comfort."

@ Before we listen, it is often useful to think about

what a dialogue or conversation will be about.

a) You will hear Diana and Andrew talking about

technology. What gadgets and problems do yOil
think they will talk about?

Strategies for 'enoughism'

Stuff haoe enouglz
1 Don't shop with a friendo 1'0 maintain self-image in front
of others, you will choose the most expensive brand. If
you are on your own, you will spend less.
2 Don't buy anything until you ask these questions: Do 1
need it rather than want it? How many more hours wiU
1 have to work to pay for ir? What else could 1 do with
that time to bring more pleasure than the consumer
item? Is there anything 1 already own that 1 could
substitute it for?
3 Avocl specia1 offers because they makc you buy more.
Facts: know enouglz
1 Go on a data-diet. Switch off televisions and computers
while on holiday.
2 Do not check work-related ernails while.you're away.
3 Delete emails rnarked with a red exclamation mark.
4 Do .not respond to emails copied to you,
Adapted from the Sunday Star Times 14/04/08
le
1,'

Help with Pronunciation

b] ~
Listenand
yaur ideas.

check

e) Lsten again. Choose a), b)

or e).
1

Diana's computer ...

a) crashes about once a week.
@crashed twice before she
spoke to Andrew.
e) is very old.
Diana believes .
a) the problem is because

the office power goes

off suddenly
b) she has lost lots of
information because
of the crash.
e) the problem is with the
office computer system.
3

'-~

Diana thinks that life without

technology ...
a) would be much more
relaxed.
b) would make people talk
to each other more.
e) would make people write
more letters of complant.
Andrew thinks that not
having a mobile phone ...
a) is a very exciting idea.
b) is a frightening idea.
e) would save him money
Diana sometimes leaves her
mobile phone at home ...
a) so thai her husband can
use it.
b) because she is very forgetful.
e) because she doesn't want
people to contact her a11
the time.

a} Make a list of five gadgets

that you think are essential to
your life. Think about why
they are essential,
b) Work in pairs. Compare
your lists. Agree on fcur
gadgets that are essential for
you both. Give reasons for
your choiees.
e) Compare yOUYlists with
another pair, Choose the three
gadgets that are essential
for you all. Give reasons for
your ehoiees.

:;}In English we only stress certain words in a

sentence. "Ve usually stress content words
(nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) not function
words (articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs,
pronauns, quantifiers, etc.).
Remember that stressed syllables are more
prominent.

r~
1
2
3

Listen to these sentences.

Notice the stressed words and syllables.

1 bought a nw compiiter Iast weekend.

Brian hasn't got much work to do.
The polce carne as quckly as pssible.

a) Mark the stressed words and syllables in each sentence.

What time does the concert begn?

Harry has joined a karate club.
1 don't like going to the dentist.
Tony forwarded this hilarious email.
Wou1d you like to sit down and relax?

b)

~m Listen

3
4

and check your answers.

e) Look at R7.16, p166. Listen again and notice the stressed syllables.
ti)

Listen again and practise.

~tJ

a)
Listen to these sentences.
most prominent?
1
2

3
4
5

Which word in each sentence

Who are you meeting tonigbt?

Anne thought the film was really boring.
1 made Frank a cake Ior his birthday
My mother can drive, but she hasn't got a caro
1 always do the washing-up after dinner.

b} Match al-e) to sentences

1-5.

a) She hates love stories, theres no action!

b) What did you malee?

e)

My dad never does it!

You look very glamorous!
Sometimes 1 lend her mine.

e)

~l Listen

e)
d)

again and practise sentences

1-5.

is the

r=n~

e ical rna ers

specific information

Help with Pronunciation

b) Read the doctor's replies again. Answer these

questions,

a) Readers of the Guardian. newspaper can ask

Dr Tom Smith medical questions. Read questions
1-4. What do you think Dr Srnith will sayo

What was the problem with older footballs? They used

to become heavy beca use they absorbed water during a

Tve managed to lose about five kilos. Now 1 don't

want to put weight on again. How can 1 be sure 1
stay at my new, lower weight?'
'My 16-year-old is a central defender in a football
team. He does a lot of 'headers', In other words, he
uses his head to hit away balls. Will this lead to
dementia in later hfe?'
'What type of are a in a town or ci.ty is best to live
in for a longer lfe?'
'15 it bad to click your fingers, particularly f you
do it all the time? Could it cause anhritis in later
hfe 7'

lel,

lcel and 111.1

\
~~.~~==-=--===-~~-=~

Speaking and Readang

Ask Dr S~~~

Listeningdiets; listening for

2
3

4
5
6
7

b) 'York in groups. Discuss your answers.

a) Read Dr Smiths replies on the web page. Mateh

questions 1-4 to replies A-D.

Q:

football game.
.
Why are newer balls considered safer to use for headers?
What is a good way for women to stop putting weight
baek on after they have lost it?
What dd the women in the study Iind hard to do alter
they lost weight?
\Vhy isn't Dr Smith sure about his answer to the
question about clicking one's fingers?
What does he suggest that clieking ones Iingers is
related to 7
Aceording to researeh, what effeet does the
environment have on]apanese Ife?
15 Dr Smith certain that it s better air quality fram trees
and parks that helps ]apanese people live longer?

rJ
ii

I:~

Q:

"l.

That problem WClSsolved a few years ago, so no need to worry.

It may hClvebeen true of ihe old leather balls that got heavier
because they absorbed water durinq the game. However, the
newer, liqhter, non-obsorberit balls don't do that. The theory was
that repeated headers produced mini-episodes of concussion. lt
was thought that this led to brain damage. The lighter ball stops
this from happeninq. So your son can continue to head the boll
without worry.

1 don't know of any studies that have shown that always clicking
your finqers causes harm, but theri J don't suppose tliere has
been much research. My instinctive [eelinq is that it won't do
any harm. However, 1 would osk why you are cloing it? 1s it a
nervous problem? Ijso, you may have to think about your
reaction to stress. If it is just a way of dealing witli occosional
stress, 1 don't see what horm it does, except that it may be
embarrassinq in company.

Q:

Q:

n
FI
pJ

n
1

I,L

i>~
H

rr

!t

Fl
12l
.

II~
\;::-,

1m

It is really clifficult to do this by yoursel]. In one study of more

thon 1,000 women, the results showetl thai the women who kept
in touch with. their weiqtit-loss friends were much more
successful at keepinq the weight off So it is important to keep
in regular contact witli th.e person who helpecl you lose weiqht.
For the women who did return to their original weiqhts, their
qreatest difficulty was carryinq on with exercise. Once yOll have
lost the weiqlu, you neeci to keep in toucli witli whoever helped
you - for yecrs afterwards even.

The most complete statistics about lifestyle and age come from

lit

[apan. The [apanese are famous for living a long time. However,

their cities are quite crowded. Their reseorcli suqqested that

people who live near trees ancl parks, with the most sunliqtu in
their homes, live lotiqer. We don't know whether the extra years
come from purer air where th.ey live al' because their
surroundinqs qive them a greater sense of tranquility and peacc.

pH
Il~

G~~

In general, [apanese people live aroutui ive to ten years longer

than average Britisli people.

,_~t ~:
'<~ff~K ~;.

A'O

-~- ~~

'w

"

::_~~--',:i~'_~~\:~
._.~~.

~;:;;:w<r.~~"

'.~_~-:'.~'.~T; .-. :_-:"'r.."1-~~D_t;:"-=-;~""-''- ,"'--._" ~-~-"}"'~:-_~"'?7:;;:::~=0"'i:""~,-:, O-:~:.;::teCC'~;:-"':~.:;;'~:'':':-.:.-''-;',,'' ';:T:-0*.e'' ''''''~;;:p.,-,

~.~'S:L'' '. "';..tc.J~;;;:!7::-~"'$
..;Q"'g~'.''''>:-._'''._.r-=-'-::-''':--~=::is:_

""-:/""~,~~~~C";~7'C'v~1,

-:->E"'~ """;"~4e"'~rC-~tZ-.=~~7":=:t"';::;",~
". ...

Adapted from the Guardian 04/o8-07/~)S

';

Hetp with Prcnunctaton

Ustening and Speak~ng
,

,'7

Listening for nu~bers can

give us important mrormanon
in a conversation and can
help us focus.
@

Think of situations outside the

c1assroom where listening for
numbers is important. Wark in
pairs and discuss your ideas.
a}

Listen to George and

Carol talking about diets. Who

lost the most weight?

%\i The three vowel sounds lel (head), lrel ('od) and I tJ (cjJt) are short sounds
and are easily confused. Sometimes the spelling can help:

lel is often shown by the letter 'e' (gft) or by 'ea' (bread).

lrel is usually shown by the letter 'a' between two consonants (st).
o lA! is sometrnes shown by the letter 'u' between two consonants (mjJm),
the letter 'o' before an 'n' or 'm' (mQney, cQme), or '00' (blood).

~~
1
2

Listen to these words. Notice the three different vowel sounds.

lel
pet
bet
bed

lrel
pat
bat
bad

lA!
putt
but
bud

Listen to these sentences. Which sentence, a) or b), do you hear first?

al 1 don't like fsh with batter.
@I don't like fish with butter.
2 al Davds in the shop talking to the mano
1

b)

a) He swam for three hours.

al Frank's got a cat on his lego

b)

b) Listen again. Whose diet are

b)

these rules for? Write George,

Caroi or Both.
1

2
3
4
5

6
7
8

-,__/

Eat wholemeal bread. George

Eat no bread at all.
Eat chicken, steak and bacon.
Eat lots of chicken and fish.
Eat limited fruit and
vegetables.
Eat a lot of Irut and
vegetables.
Do exercise.
Follow a plan after the diet.

a) Workin two groups. Follow

these instructians.
Student As: You are planning to
go on a diet. Think about:
e why you want to do this.
" what kind of diet you want
to go on.
Student Es: You think diets are
unhealthy Think about:
(j
why they can be bad.
e alternatives to dieting.
o) Work with yaur partner.
Role-play the conversation.

David's in the shop talking to the men.

He'd swum for three hours.

Frank's got a cut on his lego

Look at the letters in bold in the words in the box. Complete the table.
.hea6-er"

carry

friend

number
I(EI

lel

many

bad

plan

___

once

Monday

average
again

guess

cousin

uncle

laptop

lA!

header

a) Read these sentences. Circle the letters with the lrel sound.
2
3

p@t left the truck on the tracks.

Dan and Den have a present for their mum.
Wendy hasn't got many friends, but she's got some money.
Basil says the bus is the best way to get to London.

1:1) Underline the letters with the lel sound.

e) Tick the letters with the lA! sound.
a) ~~

e)

Listen and check your answers.

Listen again and practise.

.'
.1

Reading Getting out of the

nine-to-five routine; reading
sub-headings
Listening holiday jobs

Help with Pronunclation

intonation:

Speaking and Ustening

sounding

polite

a waiter

a gardener

an ice cream seller

a) You are having a study break or a break between

jobs. You need to work for a month. Look at photos

A-e.
1 Think of good and bad points for each job.
z Which of the three jobs would you choose
to do' Why?

b) Work in groups.
a)
about
1

Discuss

your

answers.

Listen to Ellie, Mike and Stuart talking

in t. Answer these questions.

the jobs

Which

job did each person

do?

z Who liked their job best?

3 Who made a mistake while they were doing the job?
4 Who said the job was tiring?
5 Whose job didn't have any benefits?
b) Listen again and answer

these

questions,

What does Ellie say about vanilla ice eream and

earamel sauce 7
2 What does Stuart say about meat pie?
3 \Vhat does Mike say about his colleague Fred?

<&

Many articles have sub-headings.

before reading

hclp us understand wharthe

lf we read the

anide, it can
articlc will be about.

1 To encomage

people

to change

Why

dd

careers.

10 give

advice on how to change careers.

3 To warn people of the dangers of changing

How tar wi!! you qo?

The first queston to ask is how do you know it's even your career
you really want to change and not just your job? Richard Alderson,
who started Careershifters, says you often realise you want a change
because you are prepared to take action to make the change.
"Everyone has days when they're not happyat work," he says.
"But ifyou find yourself looking OIl career change websites such as
ours, questioning friends in other careers about their jobs and going
tocareer change events, then the chances are you're readyfora

Seeking advice

the whole

a) Read the article about changing careers,

Adharanand
Finn write the article?

Well, that may be good advice, but for most of us stories like this
only happen on websites we come across while bored at work. The
realities of giving up the security of our careers and starting all over
again are just too dfficult to consider.
However, if Tom's words do get you thinking, you might like to
visit the Careershifters.mg website which offers expert help and
advice for people wanting to tum their career-change daydreams
into reality.

change."

Readirlg and Speaking

sub-headings

om Savage used to be a researeh analyst. "My role was to

sit with another 1,000 people on my floor, whieh was
open plan, and stare into a computer screen all day
making money for rieh people," he says.
Unhappy with hs job, Tom resigned and started his own
successful business, a marine conservation social enterprise in
Madagascar, and he couldn't be happier. "Follow your heart," he
says. "And don't be scared."

eareers.

Unfortunately, unlike at school or university, free and usefulcareers

advice is a little harder lo come by as an adult. Unless yu are
unemployed, you W'ill probably nave topay for independent advice.
Altematively,there
are lots of books on thesubject and manyjob
websites.such as .Monster.co.uk.which have helpful articles bn
changing career. Once you have made a decision, Riehard says the
best approachis usually to startwith smallsteps.v'Perhapsdo
course in the evenings OI
weekends," he says.
"Also, ll1any people aretaking dvantage of lexible working
-hours ttry something new without giving up theirold j9hYou
could cutdown your hours, to sy four daysa week;'and then
something else on theotherday." .
HowY\fer, if,)ikeTom advises, you ary'follwingyo~r
I . changing career for reason~ of personal fulfilment,adrop
'maybesQmething
yo~, simply havetoaccept
But.~opefully,you'll
be happienand that's usUally the whole idea.,,;;,./
.. .....
Adapted frorn the Guardin 25/04/07

We use intonation to sound polite.

Sounding poli te is not just what we
say, its how we say it.
If our intonation is too flat, we may
sound rude.
At the end of the sentence your voice
should go up and then clown in pitch
- you'Il sound more polite!

Listen to these sentences. Notice the way the speakers voice

1:1)Read the article again. Put
the advice in arder.

goes up and then down.

~~
Excuse me, please.

al Read information about new

careers.
n't be afraid of change.
e) Work part-time in the job
you have so you can try a
new job.
d) Don't change everything very
quckly - do it gradually
e) Do the job you really want
to do. 7
f) Thi.nk carefully about your
behaviour in the job you
already have.
g) Do some kind of study or
training in your free time.
h) Get advice on a career change
from someone who is not a
friendo
b) Do

~~

Can 1 speak to Terry Stevens, please?

Can you tell me where the meeting is, please?

~~

Listen to these sentences

1
2

3
4

Student As: Imagine your friend

(student B) owns a shop that
sells ice cream. He/She wants
you to help by working at the
weekend for a few rnonths. You
want to find out about the job.
Think of questions you can ask
about the hours, conditions,
pay, etc.
Student Es: Imagi.ne you own a
shop that seUs ice cream. You
have deded to ask you1' Iriend
(student A) lo help at the
weekend for a few months. You
ha ve to explain the job to your
friendo Think about what you can
say about the job, for example,
hours, conditions, pay.
b] Work with your partner,
Role-play the conversation.

Can 1 take a message?

Do you mea n Philp Wright?
Can you say that again, please?
Could you give me your address, please?

a) Read these sentences.

Draw arrows.

o
a)
a)
a)

b)
b)
b)
b)

Where does the speaker's voice go up and down?

Can 1 call you after lunch

Can you come to a meeting later?

Could you spell that, please?

.1
2

a) Work in two groups. Follow

these instructions,

said twice. Which sounds more polite,

a) or b)?

Shall 1 book a table for four?

':

b) fq~:iIJj?f~l
_.'_ .. ~.o<."~_""'''''../ Listen and check your answers.
e)

f~iJ Listen

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again and practise.

a) Work in pairs. Read the conversation.

Can yon use intonation patterns to give
it meaning?
Dad!
Yes7
Lunch'
Lunch?
Yeso

No.
Salad?

Now?

Fine.

Yes!

Thanks,
OK.

No.

Pasta 7
Yes!

OK. Soup?

Dad.

b)
Listen to the conversation.
Does the girl sound polite at the start
of the conversation? And at the end?
e)

Listen again and practise.

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