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Topology definition
Model development
Node and link configuration
Execution
Performance analysis
Graphical visualization
CD
Change the existing directory
MKDIR
Create a new folder
LS
To list the file in the directory
LOCATE
Find files
MAN
Help manual
CLEAR
Clear terminal screen
CAT
Print multiple results from various files
MORE
Display output one screen at a time
DATE
Display or change date and time
CHMOD
Change permission
Network Links
Network links are those that connect network nodes.
1. Simplex link
Those which transmit data in one direction only
2. Duplex link
Capable of performing two way data communication
Types of Queue
1. Classes
2. Enumerations
Traffic Contract
1. CBR
Transport traffic at constant bit rate
Internet Protocol
1. UDP
A simple connection less transmission model with minimum protocol mechanism
2. TCP
A core protocol in the internet protocol suite
Agents
In real world networking accessing of network is done through mainly sockets. In simulation
the function of sockets is effectively handled by the agents which can send traffic through
nodes. The receiving packets is usually handled by an agent named null agent.
Simulation Traffic
The ns2 allows two ways to traffic to flow through the nodes.
1. TCP
2. UDP
TCP
There are two major types of TCP agents, one-way agents and a two-way agent. One-way
agents are further subdivided into a set of TCP senders and receivers. The two-way agent is
symmetric in the sense that it represents both a sender and receiver. It is still under
development.
UDP
A UDP agent accepts data in variable size chunks from an application, and segments the data
if needed.
NS2 Simulations
Example1a
Example1b
Example2
Transfer rate 1 Mb
Transfer rate 2 Mb
Example3
At 1.5 s
At 3 s
At 1.5 s the link is down and during the 3rd second the transferring take the shortest path.
Example4
Conclusion
Though ns2 is easy to handle modelling is very complex and time consuming. One of the main
drawback is the simulator has no graphical user interface.
In real-world systems, applications typically access network services through an applications
programming interface. The most popular of these APIs is known as sockets. In ns these
sockets are mimicked by well-defined agents. As a simulator the ns lacks a GUI and makes it
hard for the user by having to learn the language.