Seco - Turning

Turning
COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB
1/56
Turning toolholders
2/56
Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 1
Turning toolholders
Toolholder hand, left or right?
Right-handed
toolholder
Neutral
toolholder
Left-handed
toolholder
3/56
ANSI norm for external toolholders
Ma n
u fa ctu rers
Hol di ng met hod
opti on
Insert sha pe
Qua lifi ed l ength
Tool hol der st yl e
IC( # 1/8)
Insert cl ea ra nce a ngl e

Ha nd of tool
Sha nk si ze
Pocket st yl e
Page 8
4/56
ANSI norm for internal toolholders
Ba r m
a teria l
IC( # 1/8)
Ha nd of tool
Sha nk dia met er

B ori ngb a r l engt h
Hol di ng met hod

Insert sha pe
Page 9
5/56
ISO norm for external toolholders
Ma n
u fa ctu rers
Hol di ng met hod
opti on
Insert sha pe
Cu tti ng edge
l engt h
Tool l enght

Ha nd of tool
Sha nk w i dt h
Sha nk hei ght
6/56
ISO norm for internal toolholders
Ma n
u fa ctu rers
Ba r m
a teria l
opti on
Cu tti ng edge
l engt h
Sha nk dia met er
Ha nd of tool
B ori ngb a r l engt h
Hol di ng met hod
Insert sha pe
7/56
Rake geometries
Negative
angle
Negative rake
Positive
angle
Positive rake
Neutral rake
8/56
Rake geometries
Negative rake, used for steel, steel
alloys, stainless steels, cast iron.
Positive rake, used for gummy materials

and some hightemperature alloys.
Neutral rake, used for threading,

grooving, profiling and form tools.
Use negative rake whenever possible

9/56
Toolholder geometry
Back Rake negative gives
a robust cutting edge and positive
gives a weaker cutting edge.
Major cutting edge and

Cutting Rake positive gives low
cutting forces and negative gives
better chip breakage.
The nose radius and geometry

(minor cutting edge)
influence the surface finish.
The working cutting edge (entering) angle influences

the chip formation, chip removal direction and the size
and direction of the cutting forces.
10/56
Toolholders
D type holder
First choice for general external
turning.
For negative inserts with a
central hole.
P type holder
For negative inserts with a
central hole.
No clamp on the top, facilitates
free chip flow
11/56
Toolholders
C type holder
Designed mainly for Seco PCBN
inserts without hole.
S type holder
For external and internal turning
with positive inserts.
12/56
Shank Size
External Tool Holder
Choose as large a shank as possible (depends on machine)
13/56
Toolholders
(Typical example )
14/56
Toolholders
f
f
Impact of (changing)
entering angle.
15/56
Toolholders
PTJNR, PTTNR
Entering angle, 93, 60
Insert, TN..
16/56
Toolholders
PVJNR
Entering angle, 93
Insert, VN..
17/56
Toolholder - cutting forces
In the case of a slender workpiece, for example,

these aspects can solve a practical problem (vibrations).
18/56
Multi Directional Turning
19/56
Multi Directional Turning

Advantages of MDT
Smaller number of tools.
Shorter adjustment times.
Shorter insert change times.
Less extra time.
Disadvantages of MDT
Longer effective cutting time due to lower cutting speed.
Evaluation of effective time versus extra time is important. This
depends on the batch size and complexity of the workpiece.
(share of longitudinal turning)
20/56
Mini Shaft
21/56
Mini Shaft
Exchangeable Head Small Diameter Boring System
ID Turning
ID Grooving
Back facing
Chamfering
Profiling
Threading
22/56
Inserts
23/56
ANSI norms for inserts
Insert sha pe
Chi pb rea ker
Cu tti ng edge
condi ti on
Si de cl ea ra nce
a ngl e
Tol era nces
N ose ra diu s
Thi ckness
Type
IC si ze
24/56
ISO norms for inserts
Insert sha pe
Chi pb rea ker
Cu tti ng edge
condi ti on
Si de cl ea ra nce
a ngl e
Tol era nces
N ose ra diu s
Type
Thi ckness
Cu tti ngE dge L engt h

25/56
Inserts
Inscribed circle
h
ngt
e le
edg
t in g
Cut
Nose radius
Thickness
26/56
Inserts
The insert shape and size determines the maximum cutting depth.
27/56
Boring Bars
Choose as small a diameter as possible!
Choose as large a diameter as possible!
.... CONFLICT!
Dia
Length
28/56
Boring Bars
Overhang ratio =
Steel
Length
Diameter
Densimet
Less than 3 :
OK
Less than 6 :
Vibration
Risk of vibration
Less than 9 :
Vibration
Vibration
Greater than 9 :
Carbide
OK
OK
OK
Risk of Vibration
Vibration cannot be avoided using normal tools
Dia
Length
29/56
Boring Bars
In order to minimize vibration problems, change direction and size of
cutting force by, for example;
Entering angle = 90
Smaller nose radius and/or sharper cutting edge.
Smaller cutting depth and larger feed.
Tangential
Change cutting speed.
30/56
Boring Bars
Tangential
Practical consequence
Deformation
31/56
Turning grades
The difference between milling and turning

Varying cutting forces (stress).
Varying cutting temperatures (tension in insert).
32/56
Turning grades
Toughness!
33/56
Turning grades
Economic tool life 15mins in steel & 10mins in stainless steel
34/56
Turning grades CVD coated

TP1000
TP2000
TP3000
TP2500
TP2500
TK1000
TK2000
TK1000
TK2000
TM2000
TM4000
TP40
N
H
S
Toughness
Wear
resistance
35/56
Turning grades uncoated

P
890
883
H
S
Wear
resistance
Toughness
36/56
Turning grades PVD coated

P
CP500
CP200
CP250
CP500
N
H
S
CP200
CP250
CP500
Toughness
Wear
resistance
37/56
Turning grades Cermet

P
CM
CMP
CM
N
H
S
Wear
resistance
Toughness
38/56
Range of chipbreakers
RR
R4
W
R
MR
MR3
M1
MF
MF1
F1
W
FF
RR9
RR6
R6
R7
W
R8
MR7
MR4
M3
W
MF2
W
F2
W
R5
M5
MF3
MF4
MF5
FF1
9
39/56
High feed inserts

High productivity - wiper
Semi-finishing and finishing
Turning with very small cutting depths
Good surface finish - wiper

Feed x 2 = the same surface finish
The same feed = Ra / 2
WNMG080408W-M3
40/56
High feed inserts

Copying with D- and T-style wiper inserts
Since D- and T-style Wiper inserts not are designed within ISO-tolerances
an adjustment in the tool offset must be made.
A deviation from the nominal nose radius shape, will always occur (D1, D2)
when going towards a corner.
41/56
Application areas for chipbreakers

Inch
0.24
M5
0.2
MR7
MF3
0.16
Depth of Cut
0.12
0.08
MF4
MF5
F1
0.04
MF2
0.008
0.003
0.006
0.009
0.012
0.015
0.018
0.021
0.024
0.027
0.03 Inch
Feed Rate
42/56
Prevents damage to the workpiece, tool and operator.

Avoids production stoppage.
Avoids chip evacuation problems.
43/56

Preferred
Short spiral chips
Less power required to break.

Less stress on cutting edges.
Smaller increases in cutting
forces.
Easier to evacuate.
Avoid
Very short, tight chips
Higher power required to break.

Higher stress on cutting edge.
Possible deflection & vibration.
Avoid
Long, stringy chips
Extremely difficult to
evacuate.
Can recut and damage the
workpiece or tooling.
44/56
Chip formation
Sheare surface
Workpiece
Chip
Tool
Plastic deformation of workpiece material due to shearing. (chip

lamellae or chip segments).
Most of the energy required for machining is used in the shearing
surface.
45/56
Chip formation
Flow
zone
Long chip materials have a flow zone on the underside. The

thickness of the flow zone is influenced by the workpiece
material, the machining angle and the cutting speed.
46/56
Turning applications
ap = depth of cut
May not be larger than 2/3 of the cutting edge
length and no smaller than the nose radius.
47/56
ap = depth of cut
ap
influences the:
Metal removal rate (productivity).
Power consumption.
Chip formation.
ap is limited by:
Cutting edge length.
48/56
Feed rate (inch/rev)

If the feed rate is too low, the material
will be compressed and the contact
pressure will lead to premature wear of
the tool and a poor surface finish.
f = feed rate (inch/rev)
49/56
f = feed rate (inch/rev)

f influences the:
Metal removal rate.
Power consumption.
Chip formation.
Surface finish.
f is limited by:
Nose geometry.
Chipbreaking geometry.
50/56
Vc
Vc = Cutting speed (inch/min)

Vc must be adapted to the insert grade
and the material of the workpiece.
51/56
Vc
Vc = cutting speed (ft/min)

Vc influences:
Metal removal rate
(productivity).
Power consumption.
Tool life.
Vc is limited by:
Cutting temperature.
52/56
RPM (n) is equal to

Vc x 12
3.14 x
where Vc is the cutting speed.
53/56
Example
54/56
Example
55/56
Turning
56/56

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Turning

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 1

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

ANSI norm for external toolholders

Hol di ng met hod

Qua lifi ed l ength

Tool hol der st yl e

Insert cl ea ra nce a ngl e

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 2

ANSI norm for internal toolholders

Sha nk dia met er

Insert cl ea ra nce a ngl e

Hol di ng met hod

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

ISO norm for external toolholders

Hol di ng met hod

Tool hol der st yl e

Insert cl ea ra nce a ngl e

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 3

ISO norm for internal toolholders

Sha nk dia met er

Tool hol der st yl e

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 4

Positive rake, used for gummy materials

Neutral rake, used for threading,

Use negative rake whenever possible

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Major cutting edge and

The nose radius and geometry

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

The working cutting edge (entering) angle influences

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 5

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 6

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 7

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 8

Toolholder - cutting forces

In the case of a slender workpiece, for example,

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 9

Multi Directional Turning

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Multi Directional Turning

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 10

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 11

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB

ANSI norms for inserts

Chi pb rea ker

Seco Core curriculum of metalcutting - page 12

ISO norms for inserts

Chi pb rea ker

Cu tti ngE dge L engt h

COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB