The Explorer Islamabad: Journal of Social Sciences

ISSN: 2411-0132(E), 2411-5487(P)

Vol-1, Issue (9):307-310
www.theexplorerpak.org

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF

PAKISTAN
Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Nadir Shahzad, Farooq Abdullah, Farhan Riaz, Shazia Mehmood
PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi
Corresponding Author:
Muhammad Shahzad
Department of Sociology PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi
Lashari003@gmail.com
Abstract: First-class governance is concerned with every institution of the society and above all with the educational
institution. The foundation of learning has always been deserted at various levels by the relevant authorities. Pakistan
inherited the structure of education from British but soon after the creation of Pakistan, political infantile behavior and
power struggle among politicians affected the educational structure leading to serious neglect and hindrance in
educational development. Pakistan lagged behind in national expansion and growth due to frail educational structure.
Unfortunately, it took decades to formulate the educational strategy and more than half of the century to put into
practice its spirit but still waited for ideal function of educational course of action. In this research to explore the
problem of educational system of Pakistan especially public sector education is facing numerous problems of academic
and administration, governance, which are affecting students performances openly. Content analysis was used to
conduct this study. The school-level organization, the organizational structure of a school involves teaching staff,
administrators and other staffs who operate at the district level. Nevertheless the school management committee
should give preference to those stake holders who are neighboring to the school for the betterment of the school.

Key Words: Education, Governance, Schools, Professional, Training

INTRODUCTION
Education in any era objectively does have a
purpose, even if this goal is not implicit by the
people of society. As regards to the reason of
education, then it is effortless to educate
population and to construct a particular statistics of
division of people over particular mindsets, skills,
etc. This speculated statistics is defined by the `idea
of the education.
Governance and Educational Institutions
At first sight 'governance' seems to be
uncomplicated and understandable: it is an
implement of authority, manage or course.
Governance in Higher Education is a procedure in
which institutions are scientifically established and
managed. Governance means follow the rules
appropriately. It also means that an institution is
organizing and functioning absolutely order and
properly that help to attain its goals. It is
mandatory for all field of life, like students,
professors, society, trade market, industry etc .
Realistically mentioned that there is no one
established
model
of good
governance,
responsibility, precision, and helpfulness are key
elements for a good governance structure (Akhtar
and Kalsoom 2012).

Educational governance is concerned with how

school systems compose policies, produce funds,
and expend funds, teacher preparation for
teaching, scheming curricula and administration of
school population. School governance is
responsible for school effectiveness, quality and
accountability (Khalique 2010).
Diverse educational policies of the government of
Pakistan had recognized the attractiveness of
decentralization of responsibility and authority in
the
education
sector
and
infrequently
recommended unambiguous strategies and
structure to attain this goal. Keeping in view the
need of the day, the government of Pakistan
launched decentralization plan in 1999 all the way
through local government ordinance (Shah 2009).
Governance is about the evaluation of excellence
and presentation articulated through responsibility,
simplicity, efficiency, empowerment, participation,
sustainability, fairness and justice. It has at the
moment gained massive magnitude in development
discourse and is considered a central component in
formulating any enlargement line of attack. Apart
from its wide spread receiving, theory of
governance is still transitory through a
development segment, as its concept distinct by
diverse scholars more or less varies (Sarda 2011).

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Educational governance organization deals with the

changes in the way school-systems go about
assembling policy, generating funds, expend funds,
training teachers, making curricula, and organizing
local schools. The decentralized governance system
makes successful participation of community,
parents, teachers, administration and management
in decision concerning curricula, funding, and
projects, monitoring to evaluate teacher and
student performance, and on the whole superiority
of education (Akhtar and Kalsoom 2012). It
recognizes that without the addition of local
community, school management and teachers,
government would not be capable to formulate
policies and tackle the issues of education properly
(Fiske 1996).
Well-governed schools had a well-built culture of
recognized self-review. There are many schools
where governance desired to be strengthened,
conference, scheduling and reporting requirements
as an area for improvement to enhance the quality
education in the community
Supervision Process
The method of monitoring in the educational
structure is more skillfully described in the policies
and strategies but deficiently accomplished in the
real life. The process of supervision in primary
schools is burdened with numerous weaknesses.
The supervisors are not trained professionally. The
procedure of monitoring and supervision is
overflowing with bureaucratic underpinnings. After
the passage of local government ordinance 2002,
the government has introduced the system of
devolution in education. But weak management of
education system at district level has slowed down
the process of improvement of primary education
(Khan 1992).
The process of supervision in Pakistan is
characterized with the idea of assessment.
Supervisors behave with teachers in an egotistical
approach this trend has finished the reason of
professional supervision in schools due to which
teachers get unenthusiastic and undergo inferior.
The supervisors do not care for teachers and and
behaved like salves. This tendency has created
distrust and discouragement between the teachers
(Rasheed 2004).
Public schools constantly face difficulty of
governance and continuation since selfdetermination of our Pakistan. Schools comprise
administrators who are accountable for all of the
school matters or problems and direction and
teachers alienated into teams founded on academic
subject areas or grade levels (Leithwood, et al.
2004).

The management comprises of Principle or

Assistant
Principle.
Administrators
handle
supervision of students and teachers and make
school wide decisions, occasionally after consulting
with teachers and other staff members. A schools
administrative team is answerable for building and
enforcing school set of laws and district-level
policies, rules and measures. Administrators also
are charged with constructing positive that
teachers are effectively teaching students the
necessary curriculum (Spillane 2003).
LITERATURE
Governance is an impartial idea surrounding the
instrument,
procedure,
associations
and
establishment throughout which populace and
grouping fluent their wellbeing, work out their
privileges and responsibilities and arbitrate their
dissimilarities (Sardar 2011).
In Pakistan education governance piercing towards
the hard work completed to get better the school
governance through transference in order to
accomplish superiority in education of schools and
to construct it additional grass root slanting to
accomplish competence and harmonization
between administration and restricted guidance
(Khalique 2010).
Agreement of responsibility, accountability and
influence is necessary for successful managerial
structures accomplishment. Pertinent people are
not completely conscious of their responsibility and
tasks. They in fact do not recognize that what
responsibility they have to participate and what
they are liability and how efficiently they can carry
out their obligation and what role in point of fact
they do not encompass to participate. Pakistan
requests to cautiously check in cooperation the
procedure and the goods of education transference
in order to appreciate best perform (Winkler and
Hatfield 2002). At the same time as it is simple to
keep an eye on transitional measures of ending
enrollment rates, teacher presence, expenditures
for each pupil, etc. There is no institutionalized
instrument at hand, at whichever height of
government, which efforts to do checking and to
methodically feedback best carry out into the plan
and completion of education strategy.
Governance is the manager of an action by a
number of means that a variety of preferred
outcomes are accomplished is on the other hand,
not just the region of the state (Lindbladet, et al.
2002). To a certain extent, it is a purpose that can
be carried out by an extensive diversity of public
associations and performance.
All present school reform hard work aim to get
better education and learning. But there are

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enormous dissimilarities in how they depart

concerning it (Leithwood, et al. 2004). A number of
improvements paying attention on innovative
curricula characteristically deal with one part of a
schools agenda and aim for extensive
accomplishment, while innovative move towards
teaching, such as helpful learning, anticipate
altering teachers performance one teacher at a
moment.
The obligation for school-based management is to
make available more straight appearance of
responsibility, to endow with better alternative in
the use of resources and to construct more use of
the specialized abilities of employees (Ainley and
Mckenzie
2000).
Managerial
school-based
administration is planned at designation of
authority from the middle place of work to the
principal and is thoughtful on increased
effectiveness in the use of possessions and on
answerability through the most important.
Professional manages school-based administration
emphases on the position of teachers and decisionmaking preparations within schools and augments
the competence of specialized staff in schools.
Community site-based administration is worried
with answerability to parents and the community at
great and often is connected with a set of courses.
The main principle for introducing governance in
schooling is to augment high-quality education
(Alhomod and Shafi 2012). Governance in
education make available new traditions of
corresponds to the students, new habits of
communicating education and new conduct of
putting in order and transporting information and
services.
Transference
in education augment the
competence of educational system all the way
through manufacture policy, producing revenues,
expenditure finances, preparation teacher,
scheming curriculum, and organization limited
schools (Fiske 1996). The principle of the school
governance arrangement is the efficiency of
educational system in conditions of excellence,
clearness,
answerability
and
improved
circumstances of life for the people finally, the
disadvantaged and susceptible associates of the
society who have normally been disqualified from
organism the beneficiaries of any social benefits
and had a modest right of entry to education.
Schooling is a specialized action. There are newfangled alters that happen on permanent basis in
the social order and approximately the planet.
Teachers require being incessantly side by side with
newest theories, investigate and new information
(Ahmad, et al. 2013). Teachers who are not

competently sound cannot resolve their specialized

and social matters. Teachers who obtain newest
information and expand their skills teach efficiently.
There are fewer training make easily available to
teachers at most important level in Pakistan. Due
to require of newest information and skills the
teachers are establish weak in solving the troubles
of students in the procedure of coaching. The
functions of school management are to promote
the in civilizing the good organization of schools
(Spillane 2003). School management has a very
significant responsibility to play vital role i9n the
development. Researchers have established the
necessary role of school management in mounting
and upholding school-level circumstances essential
for educational development.
Good governance is a primary precondition issue to
go aboard on the very spirit of strategy to build up
society from side to side enters education. Good
governance leads judgment class or selected
legislative body to take very stepladder that has far
accomplishment collision on the socio- economic
location. In Pakistan, there have been gaps towards
accomplishment of qualitative education in
explanation of weak management. Since its
extremely beginning, the education system of
Pakistan stays behind central at the federal and
provincial level. Pakistan presents at birth this
central educational managerial set of connections
from the British in 1947 (Shah 2003). The
arrangement had been enhanced to some extent
through a quantity of administrative reforms but
refurbish of managerial structures did not get place.
It has been incessantly realized that central system
of education has been basket the competence and
efficiency of delivery overhaul at the grass root
height.
CONCLUSION
Since the existence of Pakistan, the educational
system was never ought to be upgraded with the
ever-changing scenario in the educational world.
The negligence has had been seen on the part of
government where policies were to be made and in
fact made but the liability and political will was
found missing in order to implement the policies in
accordance with the intention to promote the good
governance at school level and produce the robust
results. The decentralization of education and
dichotomy between governance and government
had been mysterious in Pakistan which ultimately
affected the accountability, transparency, and
effectiveness that are key elements for a good
governance framework and yield unfailing
government comes once implemented acutely. The
decentralization would only reinforce the

309

governance at school level by creating network,

involving community, generating funds, teacher
trainings and design of curricula. But firstly, it
required decentralization and implementation of at
least one of the educational policy in its true letter
and spirit which may strengthen the training,
supervision, equity, and empowerment that would
bring the sustainability. The management and
administration in Schools need revolutionary
measures for the infusion of good governance
through effective implementation of National
Education.
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2015The Explorer Islamabad Journal of Social Sciences-Pakistan

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