Hydraulic Presses Machines

Presses action are typically used for molding, shaping, shearing, and many other operations.

Parallel hydraulic presses

To understand the hydraulic pressing calculation, let us set an example of a 30-in. bore and 10-in.
stroke hydraulic press cylinder. The system needs to complete the operation in 30 s.

The flow rate required to complete an individual press is 61 GPM which requires a high capacity line.
Presses along the line are closing under the control of individual operators, meaning that several
presses can be closing simultaneously. Press operation is erratic; sometimes a press closes in 30 s,
and sometimes it takes 60 s. When two or more presses are closing simultaneously, flow takes the
path of least resistance, so it goes to the press with the smallest pressure drop first. After this press is
closed, the flow completes the closing of the other presses.
Another disadvantage of the parallel circuit design is the usage of high pump capacity to move the fluid
from the reservoir to the individual presses.

Large press
hydraulic machine
The figure above shows a press hydraulic circuit which avoids the pumping of fluid back and forth from
the reservoir.
The hydraulic press circuit consists of three hydraulic cylinders; the main cylinder is the larger
cylinder located in the middle while the two other cylinders are referred to be side cylinders or kicker
cylinders. The primary function of the side cylinder is to raise and lower the platen. The main press
cylinder supplies most of the force needed once the platen contacts the work piece.
The circuit above works as follows. When the operator shifts the DCV, flow goes to the two side
cylinders, and they extend. Flow does not go to the press cylinder, because the sequence
valveremains closed. As the press cylinder descends, the resulting negative pressure in the cap end
pulls fluid from the reservoir into the press cylinder. (Often, the reservoir is above the press so that
gravity helps to fill the large cylinder.) When the platen contacts the workpiece, the pressure builds,
and the sequence valve opens. Now system pressure is applied to the press cylinder, and full force
(side cylinders + press cylinder) is applied to the work piece.
When the DCV is shifted for retraction, the line to the sequence valve is connected to the reservoir.
There is no pressure to hold the sequence valve open; consequently, it closes. Flow from the press
cylinder cannot go back through the sequence valve; it must go through the check valve into the
reservoir. The key to operation of this circuit is the pilot-operated check valve.

Regenerative circuits

Hydraulic Regeneration Circuit

{0 Comments}
Posted by JackSparow on October 22, 2012
in Hydraulic Circuit

Hydraulic regeneration circuit

A typical hydraulic cylinder have a larger extending force than retracting because of the
area difference between full bore and annulus sides of the piston. Hydraulic regeneration
system can be use to equalize the force. The example hydraulic regeneration circuit in
figure above employs a differential cylinder with a full bore/annulus ratio of 2:1.
During the cylinder extension sequence, line pressure P is applied to the right side of the
piston giving a force of P x A, while the left side of the piston returns oil via check valve V3
against line pressure P producing a counter force P x A/2. Therefore the net force to the left
is P x A/2. When retraction sequence is executed, a force of P x A/2 is applied to the lefthand side and hydraulic oil from the right side returns to tank at minimal pressure. On this
circuit the extension and retraction forces are equal at P x A/2.

Circuit 1
Jan 1, 2012Hydraulics & Pneumatics

EMAIL
INSHARE
TWEET

Circuit 1

Circuit 1
Rapid rod extension can be achieved by returning the flow of oil from a cylinder's head end back
into its cap end. With no load, pressure in both head and cap ends is equal, so when the load is
encountered, available working force depends on the differential area.

Circuit 2
Combining the rapid extension of Circuit 1 with full force in response to an applied load takes full
advantage of a regenerative circuit. This circuit produces a rapid approach stroke of the piston.

When the rod encounters resistance (workpiece load), pressure rises on the cap end to open the
sequence valve and allow oil from the head end to flow to tank through the 4-way valve. Once this
occurs, full effective force on the workpiece becomes available.

Circuit 3
This circuit provides a costly means to accomplish the same end as Circuit 2. Instead of a
sequence and built-in check, an orifice and check are used. There is some backpressure remaining
in the cylinder's head end because of the orifice resistance during final squeeze. But with the
cylinder extended, no fluid flows across the orifice, so total available force acts on the cap end.
Whether or not this circuit is appropriate for a given application depends on working force
requirements.

Circuit 4
When electrical control is desired, a limit or proximity switch can be used to activate and deactivate a regenerative circuit. In the circuit shown, energizing solenoids aand b extends the
cylinder in a differential circuit. The limit switch de-energizes solenoid b, directing cylinder
discharge fluid to tank.