Bibliography for Cinchona

Books
1. Bagchi, A. K. and K. Soman 2005 Maladies, preventives and curatives : debates in
public health in India. New Delhi: Tulika Books, viii, 173.
2. Duran-Reynals, M. L. d. A. 1946 The fever bark tree : the pageant of quinine.
Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, ix, 275.
3. Gramiccia, G. 1988 The life of Charles Ledger, (1818-1905) : alpacas and quinine.
Basingstoke: Macmillan, xiv, 222.
4. Harrison, G. 1978 Mosquitoes, malaria, and man: a history of the hostilities since
1880.
5. Honigsbaum, M. 2001. The fever trail: in search of the cure for malaria. London:
MacMillan.
6. Howard, B. F. 1931 Some notes on the cinchona industry. London: Institute of
Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland, 22 , [3] of plates.
7. Howard, J. E. 1853 Examination of Pavons collection of Peruvian barks contained
in the British Museum. London: The Author, vi; 47.
8. Jaramillo Arango, J. 1950 The conquest of malaria. London: Heinemann, xiv, 125.
9. Jarcho, S. and F. Torti 1993 Quinines predecessor : Francesco Torti and the early
history of cinchona. Henry E. Sigerist series in the history of medicine Baltimore ;
London: Johns Hopkins University Press, xviii, 354.
10. Maehle, A. H. 1999 Drugs on trial: experimental pharmacology and therapeutic
innovation in the eighteenth century. Clio Medica 53. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1-376.
11. Markham, C. R. 1880 Peruvian bark. A popular account of the introduction of
chinchona cultivation into British India 1860-1880. London: John Murray, xxiii, 550.
12. Moreau, R. E. 1945 An annotated bibliography of cinchona-growing from 18831943. Nairobi: Government Printer, 41.
13. Pardo Valle, N. 1951 Cinchona versus malaria; historia, economia, ciencia. La
Paz: Universo, 244.
14. Rocco, F. 2003 The miraculous fever-tree : malaria, medicine and the cure that
changed the world. London: HarperCollins, xix, 348.
15. Strickland, C. F. and Indian Village Welfare Association. 1939 Quinine and
malaria in India. London: Humphrey Milford Oxford University Press, 19.
16. Taylor, N. 1945 Cinchona in Java : the story of quinine. New York: Greenberg
Publisher, 87 , [16] leaves of plates.
17. Wellcome, H. S. and L. W. G. Malcolm 1930 Souvenir cinchona tercentenary
celebration and exhibition at the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, 54 Wigmore
Street, London, W.1. London: Wellcome Foundation, 115.
18. Williams, D. 1962 Clements Robert Markham and the introduction of the cinchona
tree into British India, 1861. Geographical journal. [Offprint] [431]-442, [1] leaf of
plates.
19. Wilson, C. M. 1945 New crops for the new world. New York: Macmillan, viii, 295.
20. Ziegler, V. 2003 Die Familie Jobst und das Chinin : Materialwarenhandel und
Alkaloidproduktion in Stuttgart 1806-1927. Berlin: Verlag fr Geschichte der
Naturwissenschaften und der Technik.

Journal articles
1. Bergman, G. J. 1948 The history and importance of cinchona bark as an anti-malarial
febrifuge. Science Education 32: 93-103.
2. Bickel, M. H. 1999 [The American Malaria Program (1941-1946) and its sequelae for
biomedical research after World War II]. Gesnerus 56 (1-2): 107-19.
3. Bruce-Chwatt, L. J. 1988 Cinchona and its alkaloids: 350 years. N Y State J Med 88
(6): 318-22.
4. Bruce-Chwatt, L. J. 1988 Three hundred and fifty years of the Peruvian fever
bark. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 296 (6635): 1486-7.
5. Bueno, A. G. and R. Rodriguez Nozal 1996 The expedition to Peru and Chile
(1777-1788): inventory of scientific production. Huntia 9 (2): 107-32.
6. Burnby, J. 1996 Studies in cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical historian 26 (1): 10-11.
7. Bynum, W. F. 1998 Reasons for contentment: malaria in India, 19001920.Parassitologia 40 (1-2): 19-27.
8. Cassetti, A. and M. T. Venanson 1956 [The cinchona bark; history and
legislation.].Boll Chim Farm 95 (8): 363-8.
9. Dobson, M. J. 1994 Malaria in England: a geographical and historical
perspective.Parassitologia 36 (1-2): 35-60.
10. Dobson, M. J. 1998 Bitter-sweet solutions for malaria: exploring natural remedies
from the past. Parassitologia 40 (1-2): 69-81.
11. Eckart, W. U. 1998 Malaria and colonialism in the German colonies New Guinea
and the Cameroons. Research, control, thoughts of eradication. Parassitologia 40 (12): 83-90.
12. Eiden, F. 1998 [A trip to the past: quinine and quinine alkaloids. 1. The isolation of
quinine alkaloids and clarification of its chemistry]. Pharm Unserer Zeit 27 (6): 25771.
13. Eiden, F. 1999 [An excursion in the past. Quinine and other quina alkaloids. 2. The
discovery of the basic structure of quinoline and quina alkaloids]. Pharm Unserer
Zeit 28 (1): 11-20.
14. Eiden, F. 1999 [An excursion into the past: quinine and other quina alkaloids. 3. The
path to total synthesis of quinoline-quina alkaloids in the development of more
effective malaria drugs before research on the indole-quina alkaloids]. Pharm Unserer
Zeit 28 (2): 74-86.
15. Fenner, F. and A. W. Sweeney 1998 Malaria in New Guinea during the Second
World War: the Land Headquarters Medical Research Unit. Parassitologia 40 (1-2):
65-8.
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centuries].Med Hist (Barc) (1): 1-15.
17. Garnham, P. C. C. 1984 The present state of malaria research: An historical
survey.Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 40 (12): 1305-1310.
18. Goodson, J. A. 1938 Two cinchona barks of historical interest. Quarterly Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmacology 11 (1): 53-56.
19. Gramiccia, G. 1987 Ledgers cinchona seeds: a composite of field experience,
chance, and intuition. Parassitologia 29 (2-3): 207-20.
20. Gramiccia, G. 1987 Notes on the early history of cinchona plantations. Acta
Leiden 55 5-13.
21. Greenwood, D. 1992 The quinine connection. Journal of Antimicrobial
Chemotherapy30 (4): 417-27.

22. Guerra, F. 1977 The introduction of Cinchona in the treatment of malaria. Part I. J
Trop Med Hyg 80 (6): 112-8.
23. Guerra, F. 1977 The introduction of cinchona in the treatment of malaria. Part II. J
Trop Med Hyg 80 (7): 135-40.
24. Haggis, A. W. 1941 Fundamental errors in the early history of cinchona. Bulletin of
the History of Medicine 10 417-459, 568-592.
25. Hays, C. W. 2000 The United States Army and malaria control in World War
II.Parassitologia 42 (1-2): 47-52.
26. Hodge, W. H. 1948 Wartime cinchona procurement in Latin America. Economic
Botany2 229-257.
27. Jaramillo-Arango, J. 1949 A critical review of the basic facts in the history of
cinchona. Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 53 272-311.
28. Jarcho, S. 1988 The hunt for a manuscript on cinchona. Perspect Biol Med 31 (3):
437-9.
29. Kaufman, T. S. and E. A. Ruveda 2005 The quest for quinine: those who won the
battles and those who won the war. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44
854-885.
30. Kirkbride, J. H. 1982 The Cinchona species of Jose Celestino Mutis. Taxon 31 (4):
693-697.
31. Kyle, R. A. and M. A. Shampe 1974 Discoverers of quinine. Jama 229 (4): 462.
32. Lee, M. R. 2002 Plants against malaria. Part 1: Cinchona or the Peruvian bark. J R
Coll Physicians Edinb 32 (3): 189-96.
33. Lloyd, C. 1971 Baikies exploration of the Niger and his use of quinine. Hist
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34. Muraleedharan, V. R. 2000 Quinine (Cinchona) and the incurable malaria: India c.
1900-1930s. Parassitologia 42 (1-2): 91-100.
35. Nandi, R. P. 1988 Cinchona and its alkaloids. J Indian Med Assoc 86 (3): 74-7.
36. Puente Veloso, S. 1984 ["History of the Cinchona Barks of Nueva Granada"]. An R
Acad Nac Med (Madr) 101 (3): 305-35.
37. Seeman, J. I. 2007 The Woodward-Doering/Rabe-Kindler total synthesis of quinine:
setting the record straight. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46 1378-1413.
38. Silva, K. T. 1994 Malaria eradication as a legacy of colonial discourse: the case of Sri
Lanka. Parassitologia 36 (1-2): 149-163.
39. Smith, D. C. 1976 Quinine and fever: The development of the effective dosage. J
Hist Med Allied Sci 31 (3): 343-67.
40. Speechly, H. M. 1949 The history mediaeval and modern of quinine. Manit Med
Rev 29 (11): 587-91.
41. Spelman, K. and J. Yesko 2007 Paradise nearly lost: Jamaicas forgotten cinchona
gardens. Herbalgram (74): 44-53.
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43. Yoeli, M. 1974 Landmarks in malaria research (a review). Acta Trop 31 (4): 321-8.

Printed material
Books
Botany, medicine and quinology
1. Andersson, L. and M. L. Kawasaki 1998 A revision of the genus Cinchona (RubiaceaeCinchoneae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, v. 80-81 Bronx, N.Y.: New York
Botanical Garden, 75, 40.
2. Cross, R. 1871 Report on the collecting of seeds and plants of the Cinchonas of Pitayo.
London: Her Majestys Stationery Office, 52.
3. Cross, R. 1879 Report by Robert Cross of his mission to South America in 1877-78 to collect
plants of the quinine bark tree known as Calisaya of Santa F, or Soft Columbian, on
the eastern Andes of New Granada, and of the Carthagena bark, on the central Cordillera.
London: Her Majestys Stationery Office, 53.
4. Delondre, A. and A. Bouchardat 1854 Quinologie; des quinquinas et des questions qui, dans
letat present de la science et du commerce, sy rattachent avec le plus dactualite.
Paris: Bailliere, 48.
5. Flckiger, F. A. 1884 The cinchona barks: pharmacognostically considered. By Friedrich A.
Flckiger. Translated from the original text, with some additional notes, by Frederick B.
Power. London: J. & A. Churchill, viii; 101.
6. Flckiger, F. A. and D. Hanbury 1874 Pharmacographia. A history of the principal drugs of
vegetable origin. London: MacMillan, xvii; 704.
7. Gorkom, K. W. v. 1883 A handbook of cinchona culture. Amsterdam: J. H. de Bussy; etc. etc.,
6 l., 292.
8. Guibourt, N. J. B. G. 1850 Histoire naturelle des drogues simples ou cours dhistoire
naturelle. Quatrime dition. Paris: J.-B. Baillire,
9. Hamilton, J. 1883 Notes and statistics of cinchona bark. Lond.:
10. Harris, W. and R. Chiswell 1683 Pharmacologia anti-empirica: or A rational discourse of
remedies both chymical and Galenical. : Wherein chymistry is impartially represented, the
goodness of natural remedies vindicated, and the most celebrated preparations of art proved
uncapable of curing diseases without a judicious and methodical administration. Together
with some remarks on the causes and cure of the gout, the universal use of the Cortex, or
Jesuits powder, and the most notorious impostures of divers empiricks and mountebanks.
London,: Printed for Richard Chiswell at the Rose and Crown in St. Pauls Church-yard, [32],
332, [12].
11. Hooker, W. D. 1839 Inaugural dissertation upon the cinchonas, their history, uses, and
effects. Glasgow: University Press,
12. Howard, J. E. 1853 Examination of Pavons collection of Peruvian barks contained in the
British Museum. London: The Author, vi; 47.
13. Howard, J. E. 1862 Illustrations of the Nueva quinologia of Pavon. London: L. Reeve,
14. Howard, J. E. 1869-1876 The quinology of the East Indian plantations. London: L. Reeve,
15. Imperial Institute London. Indian Trade Enquiry. 1922 Drugs and tanning materials: reports
on cinchona bark and myrobalans. London: The Institute, [x] 59.
16. India dept. of agric. and A. T. Gage 1918 Report on the extension of cinchona cultivation in
India, by A.T. Gage. Calcutta:
17. India dept. of statistics. 1897 Statistics of cinchona cultivation. (Calcutta: 1895-99.
18. Junghuhn, F. and J. E. de Vry 1861 The cultivation of the quina tree in Java, to the end of the
year 1859. London: Her Majestys Stationery Office, 75.
19. Jussieu, J. d. 1936 Description de larbre a quinquina : mmoire indit de Joseph de
Jussieu. Paris: Socit du traitement des Quinquinas, 44.
4

20. Karsten, H. 1858 Die medicinischen Chinarinden Neu-Granadas. Berlin: Schneider, 70.
21. Karsten, H. and E. Pppig 1861 Notes on the medicinal Cinchona barks of New Granada by
H. Karsten and The Cinchona trees of Huanuco (in Peru) by E. Popigg (translated from the
German). London: Her Majestys Stationery Office, 75.
22. King, G. 1876 A manual of cinchona cultivation in India. Calcutta:
23. Lambert, A. B. 1797 A description of the genus Cinchona:comprehending the various species
of vegetables from which the Peruvian and other barks of a similar quality are taken,
illustrated by figures of all the species hitherto discovered, to which is prefixed Professor
Vahls dissertation on this genus, read before the Society of natural history at Copenhagen,
also a description, accompanied by figures, of a new genus named Hyaenanche, or hyaena
poison.. London: Printed for B. and J. White, ix, 54.
24. Lambert, A. B., A. v. Humboldt, C. J. Laubert and H. Ruiz 1821 An illustration of the genus
Cinchona : comprising descriptions of all the officinal Peruvian barks, including several new
species. Baron de Humboldts Account of the Cinchona forests of South America, and
Lauberts Memoir on the different speies of Quinquina. To which are added several
dissertations of Don Hippolito Ruiz on various medicinal plants of South America And a
short account of the spikenard of the ancients. London: Printed for J. Searle etc., ix, [1]. 181,
[1].
25. London Cinchona Bureau. 1951 Quinine, quinidine, and other cinchona alkaloids in clinical
practice. London,: 27.
26. Madras presidency board of revenue. and H. Trimen 1883 Report on the cinchona
plantations of the Nilgiris, by H. Trimen. Peradeniya:
27. Markham, C. R. 1862 Memorandum on Dr. Andersons report on the subject of the
introduction of the Chinchona into India. London: James Bain, 32.
28. Markham, C. R. 1862 Travels in Peru and India : while superintending the collection of
chinchona plants and seeds in South America, and their introduction into India. London,: J.
Murray, xviii, 572 , [11] leaves of plates.
29. Markham, C. R. 1880 Peruvian bark. A popular account of the introduction of chinchona
cultivation into British India 1860-1880. London: John Murray, xxiii, 550.
30. McIvor, W. G. 1863 Notes on the propagation and cultivation of the medicinal Cinchonas, or
Peruvian bark trees. Madras: Graves, Coodson,
31. Monginot, F. and Belon 1681 A new mystery in physick discovered, by curing of fevers &
agues by quinquina or Jesuites powder. London: Printed for Will. Crook [60], 99, [9].
32. Pereira, J. 1857 The elements of materia medica. Fourth edition. Volume II. Part II.. London:
Longman,
33. Pppig, E. 1835-1836 Reise in Chile, Peru, und auf dem Amazonenstrome whrend der
jahre 1827-1832. Leipzig: F. Fleischer,
34. Shaw, G. E. and Royal Institute of Chemistry. 1935 Quinine manufacture in India. London:
Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland, 16.
35. Spruce, R. 1861 Report on the expedition to procure seeds and plants of the Cinchona
succirubra or red bark tree. London: Her Majestys Stationery Office, 112.
36. Sturm, R. and Vidua & Haeredes Joannis Cnobbari 1659 Febrifugi Peruviani Vindiciarum
pars prior. : Pulveris historiam complectens ejusque vires & proprietates juxta seneum
dogmaticorum exhibens. Antverpiae,: Apud Viduam & Haredes Ioannis Cnobbari., [12], 166,
[8], 142, [10].
37. Weddell, H. A. 1849 Histoire naturelle de[s qu]inquinas [ou monographie du] genre
quinquina suivie dune description [du genre] cascarilla et de quelques autres plantes de la
mme tribu. Paris: V. Masson, iv, 108.
38. Weddell, H. A. 1871 Notes on the Quinquinas.

Papers in the Pharmaceutical Journal

Botany, medicine and quinology
1. Anderson, T. 1863 First annual report on the experimental cultivation of the quiniferous
Cinchona in British Sikhim, from 1st April, 1862, to 30th April, 1863. Pharmaceutical Journal
5 (5): 222-226.
2. Anderson, T. 1867 Analysis of Darjeeling Chinchona bark. Pharmaceutical
Journal(November): 2-3.
3. Anderson, T. 1867 Analysis of Darjeeling Cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (5): 244245.
4. Anon 1860 On the introduction of the Cinchona trees into India. Pharmaceutical Journal2
(4): 201-204.
5. Anon 1863 Introduction of Cinchona into India. Pharmaceutical Journal 5 (4): 156-159.
6. Anon 1868 The introduction of Cinchona to the island of Jamaica. Pharmaceutical Journal 10
(3): 166-168.
7. Anon 1875 Cinchona, or chinchona? Pharmaceutical Journal (February 13): 646-648.
8. Anon 1877 The commercial history of a cinchona plantation. Pharmaceutical
Journal(November 24): 409-410.
9. Anon 1880 Acclimatization experiments in Jamaica. Pharmaceutical Journal (October 2):
277-278.
10. Anon 1882 Hints and suggestions for raising cinchona plants from seed and establishing
cinchona plantations. Pharmaceutical Journal (March 11): 748-750.
11. Anon 1882 The supply of Cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical Journal (January 21): 613-614.
12. Anon 1883 The inaugural sessional address. Pharmaceutical Journal (October 6): 279-280.
13. Anon 1883 John Eliot Howard, F.R.S. Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1): 431.
14. Anon 1883 Obituary. Pharmaceutical Journal (December 1): 439.
15. Anon 1894 Practical pharmacognoscy. Pharmaceutical Journal (July 21): 41-42.
16. Anon 1898 Practical pharmacography. Pharmaceutical Journal (Sept 24): 350-351.
17. Anon 1900 The materia medica of the pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical Journal (April 7): 387.
18. Anon 1901 Extra-official materia medica. Pharmaceutical Journal (May 4): 587-588.
19. Anon 1901 Extra-official materia medica. Pharmaceutical Journal (April 27): 552.
20. Anon 1904 The cinchona trade of Amsterdam. Pharmaceutical Journal (December 3): 810811.
21. Batka, J. B. 1852 On Cinchona rubra and C. savanilla. Pharmaceutical Journal 11 (7): 321323.
22. Bidie, G. 1883 Catalogue of specimens of Cinchona bark, with illustrative botanical
specimens. Pharmaceutical Journal (April 7): 821-822.
23. Broughton, J. 1867 First report on Cinchona grown on the Neilgherry Hills.Pharmaceutical
Journal 9 (5): 239-243.
24. Broughton, J. 1868 On a false Cinchona bark of India. Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (9): 418-421.
25. Broughton, J. 1872 Cinchona cultivation in India. Pharmaceutical Journal 2 (March 2): 705707.
26. Buchner, A. 1851 On the tests for cinchona barks. Pharmaceutical Journal 11 (4): 164-169.
27. Clarke, C. B. 1870 Report on cinchona cultivation in Bengal. Pharmaceutical Journal(August
6): 109-110.
28. Consular Report on the Agricultural Condition of Colombia 1889 Cinchona cultivation in
Colombia. Pharmaceutical Journal (January 19): 574.
29. de Neufville, W. 1881 Cinchona bark for the pharmacopoeia. Pharmaceutical
Journal(October 29): 369-371.

30. de Vrij, J. E. 1873 Analysis of some barks of Cinchona officinalis and its varieties cultivated at
Ootacamund. Pharmaceutical Journal (September 6): 181-183.
31. de Vrij, J. E. 1873 Analysis of some Cinchona barks grown in Jamaica. Pharmaceutical Journal
(August 16): 121-123.
32. de Vrij, J. E. 1874 Analysis of some Cinchona barks cultivated at
Ootacamund.Pharmaceutical Journal (May 2): 869-872.
33. de Vrij, J. E. 1874 Pharmaceutical tests for cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical Journal(August
15): 134-136.
34. de Vrij, J. E. 1874 Remarks on Javanese Calisaya bark and on quinidine in refutation of some
statements in Dr. Hesses paper on the same subject. Pharmaceutical Journal(December 26):
501-502.
35. de Vrij, J. E. 1878 A fast growing cinchona which produces much quinine.Pharmaceutical
Journal (April 13): 805.
36. de Vry, J. E. 1864 On the cinchona bark of British India. Pharmaceutical Journal 5 (12): 593597.
37. De Vry, J. E. 1864 On the determination of the amount of alkaloids in cinchona
bark.Pharmaceutical Journal 6 (2): 50-52.
38. de Vry, J. E. 1872 Cinchona caloptera, Miq. Pharmaceutical Journal 2 (March 9): 723.
39. de Vry, J. E. 1872 The separation and quantitative determination of the different cinchona
alkaloids. Pharmaceutical Journal 2 (February 10): 642-644.
40. Delondre and Bouchardat 1854 The Cinchona barks, and the more important questions
which, in the present state of science and commerce, relate to them. Pharmaceutical Journal
14 (4): 165-168.
41. Delondre and Bouchardat 1854 The Cinchona barks, and the more important questions
which, in the present state of science and commerce, relate to them. Pharmaceutical Journal
14 (2): 77-83.
42. Delondre and Bouchardat 1855 The Cinchona barks. Pharmaceutical Journal 14 (12): 570574.
43. Delondre and Bouchardat 1855 The cinchona barks, and the more important questions
which, in the present state of science and commerce, relate to them. Pharmaceutical Journal
14 (11): 513-517.
44. Druce, G. C. 1899 The early history of Cinchona officinalis. Pharmaceutical Journal(October
14): 360.
45. Elborne, W. 1884 Cinchona barks. Pharmaceutical Journal (February 16): 653-655.
46. Fluckiger 1881 Cinchona bark as an article of the official materia medica.Pharmaceutical
Journal (April 30): 903-904.
47. Giles, R. W. 1882 Notes on the pharmacy of cinchona. Pharmaceutical Journal(September
23): 254-256.
48. Greenish, H. G. and E. Collin 1903 Vegetable powders and their diagnostic
characters.Pharmaceutical Journal (June 20): 843-845.
49. Hodgkin, J. 1883 Analysis of some samples of natural and renewed succirubra bark from the
same quills. Pharmaceutical Journal (December 22): 481.
50. Holmes, E. M. 1892 Recent donations to the museum. Pharmaceutical Journal (April 23):
874-876.
51. Hooper, D. 1888 The hybridisation of cinchonas. Pharmaceutical Journal (October 13): 296300.
52. House of Commons 1863 Introduction of Cinchona into India. Pharmaceutical Journal 5 (3):
105-109.
53. Howard, B. F. and O. Chick 1920 Some recent samples of grey Cinchona
bark.Pharmaceutical Journal (July 24): 79-81.

54. Howard, D. 1875 Some recent importations of Cinchona barks. Pharmaceutical Journal(June
26): 1025.
55. Howard, D. 1877 Note on the distribution of the alkaloids in Cinchona trees.Pharmaceutical
Journal 8 (July 7): 1-2.
56. Howard, D. 1879 Notes on cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical Journal (September 6): 181.
57. Howard, D. 1883 Notes on Cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical Journal (August 4): 81-82.
58. Howard, D. 1906 Cinchona barks and their cultivation. Pharmaceutical Journal (January 13):
41-42.
59. Howard, J. E. 1830 Origin of the Calisaya ledgeriana of commerce. Pharmaceutical Journal
(March 13): 730-732.
60. Howard, J. E. 1853 Examination of Pavons collection of Peruvian barks contained in the
British Museum. Pharmaceutical Journal 12 (1): 11-16.
61. Howard, J. E. 1854 Observations on some additional specimens of Peruvian barks presented
to the Museum of the Pharmaceutical Society. Pharmaceutical Journal 14 (2): 61-63.
62. Howard, J. E. 1854 Observations on the specimens of Peruvian bark presented to the
museum. Pharmaceutical Journal 13 (12): 671-672.
63. Howard, J. E. 1855 On Copalche bark. Pharmaceutical Journal 14 (7): 319.
64. Howard, J. E. 1856 On the tree producing red Cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical Journal16 (4):
207-212.
65. Howard, J. E. 1863 Cinchonine - its value in medicine. Pharmaceutical Journal 4 (12): 561562.
66. Howard, J. E. 1863 New features in the supply of Peruvian bark. Pharmaceutical Journal 5
(6): 248-249.
67. Howard, J. E. 1864 Note on the Root Bark of Chinchona calisaya. Pharmaceutical Journal 5
(8): 342-345.
68. Howard, J. E. 1864 On the red variety of Pitayo bark. Pharmaceutical Journal 6 (2): 48-50.
69. Howard, J. E. 1864 Report on the bark and leaves of Chinchona succirubra grown in India.
Pharmaceutical Journal 6 (2): 74-75.
70. Howard, J. E. 1866 Observations on the present state of our knowledge of the genus
Cinchona. Pharmaceutical Journal 8 (1): 11-16.
71. Howard, J. E. 1867 Report of an analysis of the fifth remittance of bark from
India.Pharmaceutical Journal 8 (10): 592-595.
72. Howard, J. E. 1867 Report of an analysis of the seventh remittance of bark from
India.Pharmaceutical Journal (November): 3-4.
73. Howard, J. E. 1867 Report of an analysis of the seventh remittance of bark from
India.Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (5): 245-246.
74. Howard, J. E. 1867 Report of an analysis of the sixth remittance of bark from
India.Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (November): 243-244.
75. Howard, J. E. 1867 Report of an analysis of the sixth remittance of bark from
India.Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (5): 243-244.
76. Howard, J. E. 1868 Report of an analysis of the eighth remittance of bark from
India.Pharmaceutical Journal 10 (5): 317-320.
77. Howard, J. E. 1870 Cinchona cultivation in Java. Pharmaceutical Journal 1 (23): 441-442.
78. Howard, J. E. 1870 Reviews: The quinology of the East Indian plantations.Pharmaceutical
Journal 11 (10): 656-658.
79. Howard, J. E. 1871 Cinchona-trees grown in India. Pharmaceutical Journal (November 4):
361-363.
80. Howard, J. E. 1872 Correspondence relative to Cinchona cultivation in India.Pharmaceutical
Journal 2 (March 9): 724-727.
81. Howard, J. E. 1873 The Cinchona plantations in Java. Pharmaceutical Journal (July 12): 21.
82. Howard, J. E. 1873 The Cinchona plantations in Java. Pharmaceutical Journal (July 19): 41.
8

83. Howard, J. E. 1874 Presumed hybrid between Cinchona calisaya and C.

succirubra.Pharmaceutical Journal (4 July): 1-2.
84. Howard, J. E. 1877 The supply of Cinchona bark as connected with the present price of
quinine. Pharmaceutical Journal (September 15): 207-210.
85. Howard, J. E. 1878 Analysis of barks brought by Mr. Cross. Pharmaceutical Journal(August
17): 140.
86. Howard, J. E. 1878 The fast growing variety of CInchona called pubescens.Pharmaceutical
Journal (April 20): 825.
87. Howard, J. E. 1878 Note on the cinchona alkaloids. Pharmaceutical Journal (May 24): 972.
88. Howard, J. E. 1879 East India home-made cinchona alkaloids. Pharmaceutical
Journal(January 18): 611.
89. Howard, J. E. 1880 The cultivation on Calisaya. Pharmaceutical Journal (Sept 18): 244-246.
90. Howard, J. E. 1880 Origin of the Calisaya ledgeriana of commerce. Pharmaceutical Journal
(March 13): 1-2.
91. Howard, J. E. 1881 On red bark. Pharmaceutical Journal Third Series (591): 350-354.
92. Howard, J. E. 1883 Brief note on Calisaya ledgeriana. Pharmaceutical Journal(September 1):
178-180.
93. Howard, J. E. 1883 The effect of altitude on the alkaloid of red bark. Pharmaceutical Journal
(June 9): 1013-1014.
94. Howard, R. 1850 Quinidine. Pharmaceutical Journal 9 (January): 322.
95. Howard, R. 1854 Manufacture and consumption of quinine in the United
States.Pharmaceutical Journal 13 (12): 672-674.
96. Kew Bulletin 1894 Cinchona cultivation in India. Pharmaceutical Journal (December 22): 525.
97. King 1883 The government cinchona plantations at Darjeeling. Pharmaceutical
Journal(September 29): 245-246.
98. King, G. 1876 Fourteenth annual report of the government cinchona plantation in British
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99. King, G. 1876 Fourteenth annual report of the government cinchona plantation in BritishSikhim. Pharmaceutical Journal (December 23): 512-513.
100.
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101.
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102.
Markham, C. R. 1862 On the introduction of the Cinchona plant into
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103.
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104.
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105.
Nevins 1897 Introduction of the cinchona plant into India. Pharmaceutical Journal
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106.
Paul 1880 A peculiar kind of cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical Journal (September 25):
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107.
Paul, B. H. 1883 Results of the analysis of samples of CInchona bark grown in
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108.
Paul, B. H. 1884 Report on analyses of specimens of Cinchona bark. Pharmaceutical
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109.
Pereira, J. 1842 Introductory lecture on Materia Medica. Pharmaceutical Journal 1
(11): 565-580.
110.
Puttfarcken, A. 1851 On the ashes of cinchona barks. Pharmaceutical Journal 11 (3):
129-132.
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111.
Rabourdin 1851 On the testing of Cinchonas by means of chloroform.
Pharmaceutical Journal 10 (8): 470-471.
112.
Reichel 1848 On a commercial cinchona bark, sold as yellow bark. Pharmaceutical
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113.
Riegel, E. 1852 On the quantity of alkaloids contained in many cinchona
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115.
Thwaites, G. H. K. 1864 Cinchona cultivation in Ceylon. Pharmaceutical Journal 5 (8):
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116.
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117.
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118.
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119.
van Gorkom, K. W. 1873 Cinchona cultivation in Java. Pharmaceutical
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120.
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121.
von Martius 1847 On the occurrence and geographical distribution of the genuine
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122.
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123.
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124.
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128.
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129.
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26): 316-317.

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Papers in other journals

Botany, medicine and quinology
1. Delhaes, L., F. Benoit-Vical, D. Camus, M. Capron and B. Meunier 2003 Chloroquine and
artemisinin: six decades of researchwhat next? IDrugs 6 (7): 674-80.
2. Gramiccia, G. 1987 Quinine: should the past be taken as a guidance for the future?Acta
Leiden 55 15-20.
3. Holland, J. L. 1932 Ledger bark and red bark. Kew Bulletin [Bulletin of Miscellaneous
Information] 1932 (1): 1-17.
4. Holmes, E. M. 188? Remarks on Cinchona ledgeriana as a species. Linnean Societys Journal Botany 21 374-380.
5. Hooper, D. 1929 On the standardisation of Cinchona febrifuge. Quarterly Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2 (2): 186-188.
6. Howard, B. F. and O. Chick 1920 Some recent samples of grey Cinchona bark.Chemist and
Druggist (July 24): 82-84.
7. Howard, J. E. 1869 On the cultivation of Cinchona in the East Indies. Journal of the Linnean
Society. Botany 10 15-18.
8. Howard, J. E. 1870 On the cultivation of Cinchona plants under glass in England. (January): 14.
9. Kinsley-Scott, T. R. and S. A. Norton 2003 Useful plants of dermatology. VII: Cinchona and
antimalarials. J Am Acad Dermatol 49 (3): 499-502.
10. MacGilchrist, A. C. 1915 The relative therapeutic value in malaria of the cinchona alkaloids
quinine, cinchonine, quinidine, cinchonidine and quinoidine, and the two derivatives,
hydroquinine and ethylhydrocupreine. Indian Journal of Medical Research 3 1-53.
11. McIvor, W. E. 1861 A brief account of the present state and prospects of Cinchona
cultivation in India. Madras Quarterly Journal of Medical Science 107.
12. Middeldorf, R. and W. Montigny 1951 [Examination of quinine for accessory Cinchona
alkaloids.]. Pharmazie 6 (3): 94-8.
13. Mukherjee, S. 1951 The present status of anti-malarial drugs and the future of cinchona in
India. J Indian Med Assoc 20 (4): 137-40.
14. Raffauf, R. F., P. W. Le Quesne and P. C. Ghosh 1978 Antitumor Plants. V. Constituents of
Cinchona pubescens. Lloydia 41 (5): 432-4.
15. Scheindlin, S. 2005 Antimalarials: shortages and searches. Mol Interv 5 (5): 268-72.
16. Smit, E. H. 1987 Quinine is not what it used to be. Acta Leiden 55 21-7.
17. Tschirch, A. 1901 Die Chinologen des XIX. Jahrhunderts. Pharmazeutische Post (1-4): 1-22.
18. von Gizycki, F. 1951 [Native cinchona substitutes.]. Pharmazie 6 (6): 280-6.

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