International Aquafeed - September - October 2015 - FULL EDITION

I N C O R P O R AT I N G
F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y
Pea Seed protein

concentrate in
Tilapia feeds
Catfish production
in India:
- Present status and prospects
Duckweed
- A sustainable protein
supplement for the future
Microalgae
- Different types of algae
provide vital nutrients to
rotifers, copepods and larvae
of finfish, shellfish and shrimp
AQUANOR 2015 review

Volume 18 Issue 5 - SEPTEMBER | OCTOBER 2015
Editor
Professor Simon Davies
Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk
EXPERT TOPIC - KRILL
Associate Editors
Dr Albert Tacon
Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk
Dr Yu Yu
Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk
Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)
Email: mai@perendale.co.uk
Editorial Advisory Panel
Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt)
Dr Albert Tacon (USA)
Professor Antnio Gouveia (Portugal)
Professor Charles Bai (Korea)
Colin Mair (UK)
Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK)
Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada)
Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece)
Dr Kim Jauncey (UK)
Eric De Muylder (Belgium)
Dr Pedro Encarnao (Singapore)
Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy)
Editorial team
Olivia Holden
Email: oliviah@perendale.co.uk
Malachi Stone
Email: malachis@perendale.co.uk
Peter Parker
Email: peterp@perendale.co.uk
Editor - Asia Pacific
Roy Palmer
Email: royp@perendale.com
Publisher
Roger Gilbert
Email: rogerg@perendale.co.uk
Circulation & Events Manager
Tuti Tan
Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk
Design Manager
James Taylor
Email: jamest@perendale.co.uk
International marketing team (UK)
Darren Parris
Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk
Tom Blacker
Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk
Latin America
Ivn Marquetti
Email: ivanm@perendale.com
Pablo Porcel de Peralta
Email: pablop@perendale.com
India
Ritu Kala
Email: rituk@perendale.com
Africa
Nathan Nwosu
Email: nathann@perendale.com
More information:
International Aquafeed
7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square
Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1242 267706
Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk
CONTENTS
Volume 18 / Issue 5 / September-October 2015 / Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2015 / All rights reserved
REGULAR ITEMS
FEATURES
3-15 INDUSTRY NEWS

6
THE AQUACULTURISTS
28 PHOTOSHOOT
38 EXPERT TOPIC - CARP
44 INDUSTRY EVENTS
52 THE MARKET PLACE
54 THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW
56 INDUSTRY FACES
12
Pea Seed protein concentrate in

Tilapia feeds
16
Catfish production in India:

Present status and prospects
18
Growth trial and challenge testing

facility opens in Thailand
22
Dusckweed - a sustainable protein

supplement for the future
30
Microalgae - Different types of

algae provide vital nutrients to
rotifers, copepods and larvae of
finfish, shellfish and shrimp
36
Microalgae - Q&A with Reed

Mariculture Inc founder and
President Tim Reed
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

SUPPLEMENT
002 The AKVA group automatic feed
barge - the Wavemaster AC850
Panorama
International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.
All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent
inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken
on the basis of information published. Copyright 2015 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of
this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.
Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058
Creoso - welcome
he season is certainly changing rapidly and autumnal

weather is upon us here in the UK with much rain
and threatening grey skies rolling in from the
Atlantic. The nights are certainly drawing in and
its now time for some of us in the UK to stock up and
close the hatches.
Plymouth, England is subject to typical ever changing
maritime weather and it makes for interesting challenges.
As a Welshman though, I am quite used to rain and storms
whether they be climatic or even political (especially in academia), and we usually find a song or a pub for solace and a
place to think with a drink!
It is only a step away from Christmas and reminders of the
festive holidays are already in the shops with advertisements
for food, drinks and all manner of decorations. I cant wait!!
Increasingly salmon is now presented along with the
traditional turkey and other delights and the consumer has
so much choice at hand in terms of products with various
types of presentation from whole fresh salmon, fillets, smoked
forms, pates and salmon encased in pastry, bread crumbs and
in fish pies and salmon fish cakes etc.
Aquaculture of course is at the core of production and one
forgets that it is central to the supply chain of fresh salmon

or chilled salmon products in our stores and supermarkets.
Retailers are able to set specification requirements for fish at
source and are important in their discerning of quality criteria
and expectations from the consumer for a good reliable and
nutritious product. As such, there is now increasing demand
for salmon and with it a need for bespoken fish feed to support the growth of salmon, promote excellent health in relation to welfare and of course guarantee that the fish supplies
the Omega-3 fatty acids (or oils, fats for public perception)
for human health and well-being. Fish oils and fish meals are a
finite resource and we must use them very strategically as fish
farming of carnivorous and especially marine species expands
globally.
The medical research fraternity advocating that we should
ideally consume 1-3 portions per week of salmon for optimum cardiovascular function, improved cognition, brain health
and prevention of strokes is well known and is mentioned
frequently in the TV media and press. However there has
been much concern that the replacement of marine derived,
principally fish oils and fish meals in diets for salmon and other
fish species too has caused a slow trend that could lower
in some instances the Omega- 3 ratio to other fatty acids
(Omega-6 series) in the diet and hence in fish such as salmon
to a worrying threshold. This is not the absolute case as
yet but significant differences in the Omega-3 levels do exist
and certainly between wild Pacific salmon and wild/ farmed
Atlantic salmon. One of the criticisms of the latter is their
typically very high fat content and this is not appealing to some
people with some adverse comments against the farming of
salmon. However many have not even tasted the rather drier
wild salmon, so its a matter of perception and taste.
There is now a major new initiative launched by the
Global Salmon Initiative (GSI) to encourage the development of novel Omega-3 alternatives to marine oil sources in
attaining the sustainable agenda for salmon production and
yet also satisfy the demands by the industry for Omega-3
enriched fish.
It is stated by GSI that the farmed salmon industry uses
approximately 350000 tons of fish oil each year, and this
Meet the Aquafeed team at upcoming international events
16-19 November 2015

LAQUA15, Brazil
20-23 October 2015

Aquaculture Europe 2015
The Netherlands,
Stand number 1.6
NEWS
demand is expected to grow by approximately five

percent each year in line with industry growth.
This challenge is already being met by several biotechnology companies and a few scientific papers are now
available demonstrating the feasibility of plants, algae
and yeast as sources of EPA and DHA Omega-3s that
can effectively be retained to enhance the salmon flesh
levels at harvest. The call is for companies to provide a
significant increase in availability of such materials over a
specified time period of at least two years. This I think
will be a most exciting course of action and I believe will
open new opportunities for discovery, innovation and
enterprise in aquaculture. It will be one of those decisive
markers affecting costs, competitiveness and overall success of an industry so crucial to Scotland, Norway, Chile,
Iceland, and beyond.
Now in this issue of IAF we have our special expert
feature focusing on Krill and as a growth accelerator
with its numerous nutritional attributes especially those
Omega-3s and the powerful anti-oxidant astaxanthin
well known for its flesh colouring properties for salmonid
fish.
My colleague Dr Ingrid Luputsch in her new role
at AB-Agri reports on the use of pea seed protein
concentrate in experimental diets for tilapia, something I
have worked on over the years with Professor Antonio
Gouveia in Portugal for many fish species and with
robust outcomes for inclusion in fish feeds.
Our special fish interest in this issue is catfish of
the Asian variety (There is much potential in Claridi
spp., and its excellent eating too, we worked for over
a decade on this tropical species when I was based
at Plymouth University, and bred several thousand in
the heart of the city!) The article by Dr B. Laxmappa,
Fisheries Development Officer, Department of Fisheries,
Telangana, India discusses Ictalurus Silurus, pangasius and
Clarias gariepinus species generically called catfish in relation to their production and contribution to freshwater
aquaculture in India.
In some forms of aquaculture, aquatic vegetation
makes a valuable feed contribution to less intensive types
of production systems and so duckweed is discussed in
a technical/ scientific report. However its processing can
generate an invaluable high protein concentrate for fish,
terrestrial farm animal nutrition and for human nutrition
applications making duckweed an added value product
of significant potential.
We certainly need more trained aquaculture fish
health specialists and I am pleased that we include news
of the opening of the new Fish Vet Asia laboratories at.
Chonburi, 90 minutes south-east of Bangkok.
Finally our events section addresses Aquanor and
previewing the EAS & Aquaculture Europe meeting for
October.
There is a diversity of news items and regular column
writers and so I wish you good reading and a busy and
successful autumn in your business endeavours.
Whats best for

Cardiovascular
Diseases?
Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant
professor of food chemistry,
University of Athens, Greece
n my May/June article, some of the latest data on the functionality of

statins and fish lipids against Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) were
given. The story goes on and some related developments are given
below.
In the US, an FDA advisory panel has voted at the beginning of June
to recommend approval of two new injectable cholesterol-lowering
drugs that work differently than statins. These two drugs, Praluent by
the drug company Sanofi and Repatha from Amgen, are a class of drugs
known as PCSK9 inhibitors. These drugs block the PCSK9 protein in
the blood, which allows the body to more effectively reduce the levels
of LDL cholesterol.
Two articles claiming cholesterol-reducing statins may be unsafe are
to be investigated and could be retracted by the British Medical Journal.
The authors have withdrawn figures suggesting up to 20 percent of
users would suffer harmful side effects such as liver disease and kidney
problems.
Given that about seven million people in the UK at risk of heart
disease are prescribed statins, experts fear the articles, which were
widely reported in October 2014, will have discouraged people from
taking them. British Medical Journal (BMJ) editor-in-chief Dr Fiona
Godlee said last May it was publicising the withdrawal of the sideeffects figures "so that patients who could benefit from statins are not
wrongly deterred from starting or continuing treatment because of
exaggerated concerns over side effects". But the scientific question: how
severe are the real side effects of statins?
On the other front, for example, the one of consuming fish instead of
statins, the news is encouraging:
Eating fatty fish, such as salmon, herring and mackerel, at least three to
four times a week has been shown to boost levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lessen the risk for cardiovascular disease,
according to a study published in the journal PLoS One. [http://journals.
plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0090352].
In a relevant recent research announcement, Australian researchers
have found [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-13/fish-oil-not-protective-against-heart-disease-study-finds/6389126] that fish oil supplements do not protect against heart disease with the evidence suggesting that eating fish is of greater benefit to the heart. Researchers
examined the benefit of fish oil supplements for the hearts of healthy
people and those who have had a heart attack and are taking the supplement to prevent further episodes.
The study, which has been published in the Hear t, Lung and
Circulation Journal, has prompted the National Heart Foundation to
review its guidelines on fish and fish oil supplements. The Foundation
said it shows higher fish intake is consistently associated with lower
rates of sudden cardiac death, stroke, heart failure and heart attack.
It is urging all Australians to eat two to three servings of fish a week,
including oily fish.
The evidence is clear and the news for the Aquaculture society
is rosy! Eating fish protects better against CVDs (and without side
effects) than any current drug at the moment! Plus, fish has a pleasant
flavour!
izabet@chem.uoa.gr
@yanzabet
September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3
NEWS
Nutriad sponsors
The Aquaculture
Roundtable Series
(TARS) 2015
utriad
was
a
proud sponsor of
'The Aquaculture
Roundtable Series (TARS) 2015,'
held on September 19-20 in
Hanoi,Vietnam.The central theme
of this fifth edition of TARS was
'from farm to plate' and focused
on new approaches to improve
feeds and feeding in aquaculture.
The event attracted around 200
par ticipants representing major
aquafeed mills, big farm owners
and major suppliers of the Asian
aquaculture industry.
TARS includes a series of roundtable sessions where stakeholders
from industry, academia, governments and NGOs convene to
share ideas and identify strategies to ensure sustainable development of Asias aquaculture industry. This year, par ticipants had fruitful discussions in
breakout sessions covering four
themes: Feeding Today's Shrimp;

Freshwater Fish Feeds; Marine
Fish Feeds; and the Aquafeed
Industry.
Global Aquaculture BU
manager Dr Peter Coutteau presented a talk titled 'Towards a
paradigm shift in feed specifications,' comparing feed regulations
for aquafeed in different Asian
countries and those in force in
the EU. Feed standards based on
simple analytical features are not
effective and risk limiting innovation which is badly needed to
face current industry challenges.
Up-to-date aquafeed includes
nutrient quality and functional
properties to improve feed utilisation and animal health but also
requires adequate information
(labelling) and continued education and support of the farmer.
The aquaculture industry would
benefit more from regulations
targeting feed and food safety
rather than feed specifications,
and would further benefit from
uniformity of regulations across
the ASEAN region. Dr Coutteau
received a lot of feedback from
Biomin opens new

Panama plant
iomin has further expanded its global

production network with the opening
of a production plant in Panama. The
inauguration marks the latest milestone in
the firms local presence that stretches back
nearly two decades. The new plant will allow
for growth and quicker delivery to Biomin distributors and customers in new and existing
markets throughout the Americas.
The plant produces Mycofix, an innovative mycotoxin deactivating feed additive, with
Aquaculture UK under
new management
scomber Ltd, the Scottish-based

Event Company and organiser s
of Aquaculture UK was recently
acquired by 5m Publishing Ltd.
Ascomber diversifies the 5m Aquaculture
portfolio and compliments The Fish Site and
our educational MSc and related post-graduate courses delivered in partnership with the
University of St Andrews.
5m Publishing publishes online topics
such as The Poultr y, Avicola, Pig, Porcino,
Fish, Beef, Diar y, Cattle, Meat, Crop, Pet,
From left: Hai Diep, Area Manager IndoChina; Gim Chong Ho,
Commercial/Technical Manager Aquaculture SE Asia; Alexander
van Halteren, Business Development Manager Aquaculture
Asia-Pacific (AP) and Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA); Peter
Coutteau, Business Unit Manager Aqua Additives; Allen Wu, Regional
Aquaculture Manager, SE Asia
the feed mill industry, which has

been limited by national regulations for many years.
The Nutriad Gala Dinner,
organised at the Marriott Hotel
in Hanoi, was an excellent opportunity for visiting aquafeed professionals and Nutriads expert team
to further discuss on important
topics while enjoying good food

in pleasant surroundings.
Nutriad delivers products and
ser vices to over 80 countries
through a network of its own
sales offices and distributors, supported by four application laboratories and five manufacturing facilities on three continents.
plans to produce PoultryStar, a multi-species

probiotic for poultry, in the future.
The site was planned with a long-term perspective and an expectation of growth in
mind. It has an installed production capacity
of 3120 tons per year based on one packaging station and a single shift. Its starting production goal is 6240 tons per year with two
shifts. Maximum production capacity can reach
12,480 tons per year with the addition of a
second packaging station.
On August 20, 2015 Christian Seiwald,
Chairman of Erber AG, and Esteban Giron,
Vice Minister of Agricultural Development
joined in the cutting of the ribbon inaugurating the plant in Panama alongside Biomin
Managing Director, Marcelo Ribeiro, marking
a momentous occasion for the company and
the region.
A strong, longstanding commitment to scientific research has allowed Biomin to deliver
leading products in an ever-increasing number
of markets across the globe, commented Mr
Seiwald.
Also in attendance were Ruben Beltran,
Managing Director of Biomin USA along with
50 invited guests including key distributors and
customers from throughout the region.
AgriTimes and Sheep sites.

Now in its tenth year, Aquaculture UK is the
most important aquaculture exhibition and
conference held in the British Isles.
Although the ownership will change, the
name will remain the same and International
Aquafeed will continue to serve you under

Aquaculture UK.
David Mack, founder of the event, remains in
an advisory role to ensure a smooth transition
and a successful 2016 event!
You can reach the new team which comprises:
Commercial: Matt Colvan at
matt.colvan@5mpublishing.com
Marketing: Nicola Pickles at
nicola.pickles@5mpublishing.com
Accounts: Sam Baker at
sam.baker@5mpublishng.com
All visitor enquiries to Helena Thompson at
helena.thompson@5mpublishing.com
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
NEWS
i i i i i i i
i
i i
The Aquaculturists
A regular look inside

the aquaculture
industry
IKEA makes responsibly produced
seafood available to over 600
million customers
IKEA today announces that seafood
sold and served in its stores comes
from sustainable and responsible
sources. The IKEA commitment to
ASC and MSC certified seafood
marks the next step towards a
wider offer of healthier and more
sustainable food.
http://bit.ly/1V95pUo
Oceana wins landmark decision

that grants access to antibiotics
used by salmon farms in Chile
In a unanimous ruling, Santiagos
Court of Appeals upheld the illegality claim submitted by the
marine conservation organisation,
Oceana, and demanded disaggregated information at salmon company-level about the amounts and
types of antibiotics used between
2009 and 2013, figures which were
denied to the NGO by the Chilean
Transparency Council last April.
http://bit.ly/1NSJnkC
New Biomin video: mycotoxin

risk management
Mycotoxins cost the livestock industry billions each year.
Harnessing the power of science,
the fifth generation of Mycofix
unites three strategies to combat
mycotoxins using patented proprietary technology, making it the
most scientifically advanced mycotoxin protection available.
http://bit.ly/1KAfy27
www.theaquaculturists
.blogspot.com
GePro celebrates 50th anniversary in style
ood in the Change - was the theme of

GePro's 50th anniversar y celebrations,
which took place in the international city of
Hamburg.
The program consisted of some seven presentations, which turned out to be more of a lecture
format from a wide spectrum of professorships from
Germany, the Netherlands to Israel and beyond.
In fact, the subject matter was equally diverse
and not just focused on poultry production and
processing, which is at the centre of GePro's range
of feed industry products.
Bernd Grosse Holthaus, the companys CEO
and sales director welcomed some 80-plus invited
delegates to the rooftop conference room that
offered views over Hamburg and its harbour.
National television presenter Sabine Stamm

moderated the whole day's program, exper tly
weaving the presentations together despite their
diverse nature.
From the need for modern agriculture, a review
of poultry production in Europe to pet food developments and farming fish in the desert and other
topics of Africa; from cultured meat to a novel
approach we should take to sustainability; all captivated an appreciative audience's imagination.
The company hosted its gala dinner for over 300
company personnel and invited customers, suppliers and international press on the Saturday in
Steinfeld in the heartland of Germany's livestock
production region and near its factory north of
Hamburg.
Satellite technology puts

mussel into shellfish
monitoring
org), funded jointly by the UK Biotechnology and

Biological Science Research Council (BBSRC) and
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC),
will be helping to advance shellfish farming management practices. The project will initially focus
on the development of novel satellite monitoring
and short term forecasting techniques, which will
then be integrated into the first water quality
monitoring service for harmful algal blooms and
targeted pollution events, specifically for the shellfish aquaculture industry.
Changes in water quality, such as the formation
of harmful algal blooms, can have a negative impact
upon shellfish farms and, in rare cases, can also
pose a public health issue through the consumption of contaminated stock. Water quality in and
around aquaculture farms in the UK and Europe
is currently monitored by government agencies,
using a series of tests based on collecting water
samples and analysing the flesh of the seafood
being farmed.
Enhancing current monitoring practises, through
the use satellites and weather forecasts, will
provide farmers with a cost-effective, near realtime source of information in the form of electronic bulletins, to help manage shellfish harvesting. In turn, this should help minimise potential health.
team of UK scientists are exploring the

use of satellites and meteorological data to
monitor and forecast water quality events
threatening shellfish farms, for the benefit of the
shellfish industry and, ultimately, consumers.
The farming or cultivation of seafood, termed
aquaculture, is an important worldwide source of
protein. As global populations continue to rise at
approximately 1.13 percent a year, the expansion
of aquaculture is considered key to help provide
food security for future generations.
In the UK shellfish farming generates 20-25
million turnover each year, with worldwide
demand for shellfish is anticipated to grow by five
percent a year.
This expected growth provides a clear business
opportunity for UK shellfish farming. Tools that
can provide environmental information directly to
farmers will help to continue safe, productive and
sustainable aquaculture farming, whilst also helping
the industry to expand and meet the nutrition
needs of future populations.
Now,the two-year ShellEye project (www.shelleye.
6 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015
NEWS
Award for
Columbian
champion
Seafood waste reduction sought

- Researchers say waste adds to other
problems threatening global seafood
resources
nterestingly the example mentioned was in Nepal,

a country currently suffering the enormous effects
of a recent earthquake, Nepal was a country
where AwF had helped establish aquaculture see
project reports 2008-2012. I particularly recall Ram
Bhujel (AIT and AwF Volunteer) saying at the AwF
Session during a WAS-APC Conference in Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam, how important AwF had been
in his birthplace (Nepal) in showing that aquaculture was possible and also empowering women to
engage.
As the US aid newsletter states, In rural Nepal,
widespread poverty is compounded by the lack of
access to high-quality, nutritious foods. According to
a recent report from the Nepal Demographic Health
Survey, 41 percent of children under the age of five
are chronically malnourished, and anemia is a significant problem, afflicting 47 percent of children and 36
percent of women.
One approach to mitigate the occurrence of
anemia and to improve the overall health of rural
Nepalese is to supplement their diets with vitaminrich protein sources, such as fish. Researchers from
Nepals Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU)
recognised the potential of aquaculture to help
address this widespread nutritional deficit, and their
recent effort in Nepal successfully established more
than 70 family-run fishponds, all managed by women.
In the first year of operation, the ponds produced
over 500 kg of fish for household consumption.
Looking back at AwF Project reports I read that
an aquaculture awareness program was organised,
this involved gathering a group of women and using
computers from a higher secondary school in the
village. A program produced on CD that was based
on the Women in Aquaculture Project in Chitwan
was shown, followed by questions and answers. Even
at that stage organisers were reporting that a lot of
women had shown their interest.
From that report I read, Altogether 52 families
applied and showed interest in culturing fish on
their land which was almost double the number the
project team had expected. Full technical support
(training, field visit and fry supply) was offered to all
of them, and a partial financial support was extended
to all of them dividing them into two categories
i.e. very poor and poor; with more support to the
former.
According to US Aid, Researchers intend to train
more women in effective aquaculture techniques
by establishing womens groups to educate rural
Nepalese on fish farming practices and the nutritional benefits associated with household fish production.
Dr Thilsted highlighted that the characteristics of
a healthy diet for the poor included natural foods
which are locally produced; culturally acceptable
(taste, texture, colour, flavour, etc); affordable; high in
nutritional quality; safe and available year round.
Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture

without Frontiers
t is claimed that as much as 47 percent

of the edible US seafood supply is lost
each year, mainly from consumer waste,
according to latest research from the Johns
Hopkins Center for a Liveable Future
(CLF).
The findings, to be published in the
November issue of Global Environmental
Change, come as food waste in general has
been in the spotlight and concerns have
been raised about the sustainability of the
worlds seafood resources.
In the US and around the world, people
are being advised to eat more seafood to
improve their health and wellbeing, however
overfishing, climate change, pollution, habitat
destruction and the use of fish for other
purposes besides human consumption are
potentially threatening supply.
If were told to eat significantly more
seafood but the supply is severely threatened, it is critical and urgent to reduce
waste of seafood, says study leader David
Love, PhD, a researcher with the Public
Health and Sustainable Aquaculture project
at the CLF and an assistant scientist at the
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health.
The new study analysed the food waste
issue by focusing on the amount of seafood
lost annually at each stage of the food supply
chain and at the consumer level.
Data was compiled from many sources
and from that, the researchers estimated the
US edible seafood supply at approximately
2.132 billion kg (4.7 billion pounds) per year,
which includes domestic and imported products minus any exported products.
Some of the edible seafood supply is
wasted as it moves through the supply chain
from harvest to plate. They found that the
amount wasted each year is roughly 1.04
billion kg (2.3 billion pounds). Of that waste,
they say that 150 million kg (330 million
pounds) are lost in distribution and retail,
260 million kg (573 million pounds) are lost
when commercial fishers catch the wrong
species of fish and then discard it (a concept
called by-catch) and a staggering 590 million kg (1.3 billion pounds) are lost at the
consumer level.
The researchers discovered the greatest
portion of seafood loss occurred at the level
of consumers (51 to 63 percent of waste).
Whilst 16 to 32 percent of waste is due
to by-catch and 13 to 16 percent is lost in

distribution and retail operations.
To illustrate the magnitude of the loss,
the authors estimate this lost seafood could
contain enough protein to fulfill the annual
requirements for as many as 10 million men
or 12 million women; and there is enough
seafood lost to close 36 percent of the gap
between current seafood consumption and
the levels recommended by the 2010 US
Dietary Guidelines.
The 2010 US Dietary Guidelines recommended increasing seafood consumption to
230g (eight ounces) per person per week
and consuming a variety of seafood in place
of some meat and poultry. Achieving those
levels of demand would require doubling the
US seafood supply, the researchers say.
Waste reduction has the potential to
support increased seafood consumption
without further stressing aquatic resources,
says Roni Neff, PhD, director of the Food
System Sustainability and Public Health
Program at CLF and an assistant professor
with the Bloomberg School of Public Health.
She says that while a portion of the loss
could be recovered for human consumption,
we do not intend to suggest that all of it
could or should become food for humans.
It would generally be preferable for the
fish that becomes by-catch to be left alive in
the water rather than eaten, and due to seafoods short shelf life, it may be particularly
challenging compared to other food items
to get the remaining seafood eaten or frozen
before it decays, she says.
In the report the researchers offer several
approaches to reduce seafood waste along
the food chain from catch to consumer.
Suggestions range from limiting the percent
of by-catch that can be caught at the production level to packaging seafood into smaller
portion sizes at the processing level to
encouraging consumer purchases of frozen
seafood.
Some loss is unavoidable, but the researchers hope these estimates and suggestions will
help stimulate dialogue about the significance
and magnitude of seafood loss.
Note: Wasted seafood in the United
States: Quantifying loss from production to
consumption and moving toward solutions
written by Dave C. Love, Jillian P. Fry, Michael
C. Milli and Roni A. Neff is available at: http://
bit.ly/1iJdMFc
NEWS
Well-balanced multi-stakeholders
participation
by Johan den Hartog, Managing Director, GMP+ International
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
ell-balanced multi-stakeholders participation is a key principle for GMP+ Internationals operations in the market. It
is an important strategy to involve and commit the stakeholders in the whole feed chain as well as following links in animal production, like livestock and aqua farming, dairy, meat and egg processing
industry. GMP+ Internationals partners are allowed to nominate candidates for its expert committees in charge of defining the content of
the GMP+ Feed Certification scheme.
When you search on Google with the phrase well-balanced multistakeholders participation, it results in a limited number of hits, all
related to GMP+ International. The principle of multi-stakeholders participation as such, results in more hits and is a better-known principle
applied in the public sector.
It is a conceptual model for participatory decision-making. It is based
on the view that stakeholders, experts, and citizens could contribute to
developing a wished outcome based on their particular expertise and
experience as well as interests. The concept of this participation model
is oriented toward a multi-actor, multi-value, and multi-interest situation.
These groups represent three forms of knowledge:
a. knowledge based on common sense and personal experience;
b. knowledge based on technical expertise; and
c. knowledge derived from social interest and advocacy.
The principle of multi-stakeholders participation fits very well to
GMP+ Internationals core business related to feed safety and responsibility assurance, which are common interests of the feed and food producing industry. Obviously, there is also a public interest about it. It is
based on two of GMP+ Internationals core values: integrity and objectivity. These values are taken into account in case of the participatory
decision-making process in combination with transparency about the
pro-cess and final result. GMP+ International integrated the principle
of multi-stakeholders participation in two ways: (i) partnership and (ii)
public consultation.
Partnership of stakeholder groups is aimed at involvement of the
stakeholders in the feed and food chain in the decision-making regarding
the content of the GMP+ Feed Certification scheme and the related
integrity policy. It is realised by participation of experts in the expert
committees. It should result in support of and commitment to the final
result. Moreover, partnership enables GMP+ International to develop
market oriented products and services.
GMP+ International distinguish two types of partners: (i) trade associations in the feed and animal production chain and (ii) food companies
i i i i i i i
i
i i
Get more daily industry news at the
Aquaculturists
(dairy, eggs, meat, and aqua producers). Currently, GMP+ International

has 35 partners (August 2015) representing the whole production
chain of animal products. The 35 partners of GMP+ International are
two international and 30 national trade-associations (in 7 different
countries), as well as three international operating food companies,
all together covering the whole feed and food chain. The goal is to
increase partners participation in the relevant countries as much as
possible.
As mentioned before, we strive to a well-balanced participation of
the different stakeholders in the whole chain. The aim is that there is
not any one single link in the chain that will dominate the decisionmaking and the division of the seats of the expert committees aims to
realise well-balanced participation of all links.
However, the principle and common target is to focus on the needs
of the ultimate goal: to provide animal products to the consumers
which are safe for their health and produced in a responsible way.
Partnership means that the partner endorses this principle and it is
a touchstone for the decision-making process. Besides that, we seek
to reach consensus in decision-making as much as possible. Therefore
multi-stakeholders dialogues contribute to reducing conflicts between
interest groups.
Indeed, partnerships limit participation to the stakeholders groups,
which applied for partnership. Their representative experts are initially
and finally involved in the decision making process.
However, we apply also public consultation in order to enable
everyone who is not involved via partnership, to give comments, to
share expertise and to promote its interests. The results of the public
consultation are considered seriously and taken into account in the final
decision-making. We make also publish, when and why we do not take
over comments, with an objective motivation.
In multi-stakeholders dialogues, we realise that there are different
interests: own interest, common interest (of industry) and public
interest (of society). Our aim is to promote the common interest,
which fits very well with the public interest of safe and response food
of animal origin. Leading arguments are objective motivation, and an
appeal on accountability and social responsibility of the feed business.
Above the different interests, the dialogue is also influenced by the differences of cultural dimensions of the participants. That makes such
dialogues not always easy, interesting and sometimes it cost time. The
added value is worthwhile: it is reducing conflicts and contribute to
better results.
Want more industry news?

Try our daily online news service.
www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com
NEWS
Aller Aqua opens

subsidiary in
Nigeria
ller Aqua Nigeria is now

a reality and the first containers with feed have
arrived. A widespread net of local
distributors are ready to sell Aller
Aquas high quality fish feed in the
African country.
It has not been easy getting
this far, but Nigeria has so much
potential both in terms of educating existing farmers with regard
to maximising the yield of their
production, but also in terms of
expanding the aquaculture production in the country explains
Hans Erik Bylling, CEO of Aller
Aqua Group. Niels Lundgaard,
International Relationship Manager
at Aller Aqua agrees and continues:
Nigeria is undergoing massive
development at the moment,
and implementing more aquaculture is a good and relatively cheap
way of starting a business. We can
Yara enters
agreement to sell
its European CO2
business
ara International ASA

has signed a non-binding
Heads of Terms with
US-based Praxair, Inc to sell its
European CO2 business for
EU218 million. The agreement
also includes a sale of Yaras
remaining 34 percent stake in
the Yara Praxair Holding AS joint
venture to Praxair for an estimated EU94 million.
The CO2 business has been an
help both established fish farmers

and newly started ones by providing extruded fish feed of a high
quality, which can give the fish
farms a boost in terms of production and economy. Further, we can
help and guide them with the challenges they may face in their production to the benefit of everyone
involved.
Local partners, supported by Aller
Aqua Nigeria, are ready to take
good care of the customers. It is
Aller Aquas philosophy that the customers must prosper in order for
the company to do so, and thus, the
Danish company have made every
arrangement for the best possible
start in Nigeria. Aller Aqua has
moved fast, and offices and storage is
ready, as well as 12 employees.
Aller Aqua Nigeria will be participating in three upcoming
events; DELTA 2015 arranged
by FISON (Fisheries Society of
Nigeria), Agra Innovate Nigeria
and CAFANs (Catfish Association
of Nigeria) bi-annual fish festival
all in November.
This will be a great chance to

meet our customers first hand,
explains Lasisi Nurudeen, Country
Manager Nigeria. In order to be
taken seriously we need to be
seen in the right places, and participate actively where the fish
farmers are. The two events will
draw large crowds of both existing
and potential fish farmers. We
can help them set up and better
their production. I have visited the
Danish and German factories and
seen the production, the quality
control, the research station, Aller
Aqua Research, and it is a great
set up. The extruded feeds are
very effective compared to what
we are used to in Nigeria, and
will better the productions here.
It is a highly interesting product
for the Nigerian market, and I am
excited to be part of this project
from the very beginning. Lasisi has
a background in animal nutrition,
and has studied Animal Production
and Fisheries at the Lagos State
Polytechnic, Lagos.
Besides par ticipation in local
attractive and long-standing part

of Yaras portfolio, but remains a
relatively small part of the broader
industrial gas industry, and where
Praxair is well positioned to create
additional value. I am confident
that this business will be further
strengthened under Praxairs
ownership, and at the same time
this agreement allows Yara to
redeploy management and financial capacity to other value-creating oppor tunities said Svein
Tore Holsether, president and
Chief Executive Officer of Yara
International ASA.
The proposed transaction is
conditional upon final transaction agreements, obtaining nec-
essar y approvals from competition authorities, and other

customar y closing conditions.
The transaction is expected
to close in the first quarter of
2016, with a provisionally estimated post-tax gain of EU150
million including the Yara Praxair
Holding AS sale.
In 2014, Yaras European CO2
business sold more than 850
thousand metric tons of liquid
CO2 and 50 thousand metric tons
of dry ice, delivering an EBITDA
of EU21.5 million and revenues
of EU112 million primarily from
the food and beverage industry.
The business operates five CO2
liquefaction plants, 3 CO2 ships,
events and customer and partner

visits, Aller Aqua Nigeria are
planning on hosting seminars to
further educate local fish farmers
on the benefits of extruded
fish feed and other subjects of
interest. The company is also
ready to collaborate with educational institutions in terms of
exchanging technical knowledge
and research.
Despite the fact that Aller Aqua
Nigeria has only recently become
a reality, the first feed has already
arrived in the African country, and
more is underway, underlining the
great potential here. With stocks
selling out quickly, it seems that
one of the biggest challenges will
be to ensure availability of the
feeds at all times.
The establishment of Aller Aqua
Nigeria adds another country to the
list of Aller Aqua subsidiaries.
Aller Aqua now expor ts fish
feed to nearly 70 countries and
the company supply feed for more
than 30 species of fish and crustaceans.
seven ship terminals and six dry

ice production facilities.
The Yar a Pr axair Holding
AS joint venture, operating in
Scandinavia and formed in 2007,
had a 2014 EBITDA of EU35
million and revenues of EU145
million (100 percent basis). Yaras
exit from the joint venture is
regulated through a put/call
option in the joint venture
agreement.
The Heads of Terms also
includes an agreement for Yara to
supply Praxair with raw CO2, gas
and continue to operate three of
the CO2 liquefaction units which
are integrated within Yaras fertiliser plants.
FEATURE
Cargill acquires EWOS

for 1.35 billion
David MacLennan, Cargill president

and CEO EinarWathne, CEO of EWOS
argill has entered into

an agreement with Altor
Fund III and Bain Capital
Europe III to acquire EWOS, a
global leader in salmon nutrition
for 1.35 billion euros. The transaction, which is subject to regulator y approvals, is expected
to close before the end of the
calendar year, says the company
on its website today.
This transaction, which is significant and the second aquaculture acquisition Cargill has
announced in as many months, is
a strategic investment in our longterm growth and evidence of
our commitment to the growing
aquaculture industry, said David
MacLennan, Cargill president and
CEO.
The acquisition gives Cargill
entry into the salmon market and
will make Cargills animal nutrition business a leading player in
the growing salmon feed industry,
one of the most advanced and
professionally managed segments
in global aquaculture. As par t
of the transaction, Cargill will
acquire seven feed manufacturing
facilities; three in Norway, and one
each in Chile, Canada, Scotland
and Vietnam, as well as two stateof-the-art R&D centres located

in Norway and Chile. EWOS
produces more than 1.2 million
metric tons of salmon feed for
the biggest salmon producers in
the world.
EWOS is a winning company,
said Sarena Lin, president of
Car gills Feed & Nutr ition
business.
Adding its industr y-leading
talent and capabilities as well as
its thought leadership in sustainable business practices will be
transformational for our aquaculture nutrition business. We are
looking forward to welcoming
1,000 highly talented and passionate EWOS employees to the
Cargill Animal Nutrition team and
strengthening our R&D capabilities and accelerating the pace of
innovation to drive strategic longterm growth for Cargills animal
nutrition business.
Einar Wathne, CEO of EWOS,
said: Cargill and EWOS will
create a new, world-class aqua
feed supply capability that will
support the growth potential for
fish and seafood consumption
and create new opportunities for
customers and employees alike.

EWOS has a strong brand and
a deep commitment to high
product quality, its people and
sustainable aquaculture. Adding
Cargills vast resources and
global reach to EWOS leading
R&D exper tise, will allow the
new organisation to provide
world-class, innovative products
and solutions to the global aqua
industry.
Cargill has established a strong
track record of acquiring and
integrating businesses, unlocking
additional value for customers by
leveraging the talent and capabilities of acquired organisations in
combination with Cargills global
footprint, scale, breadth and
depth of talent, and operational
excellence, risk management, and
expertise in animal nutrition, and
supply chains.
The acquisition adds to Cargills
existing aquaculture capabilities in
Mexico, Central America, China,

United States, Southeast Asia, India,
and Ecuador, to which EWOS is
expected to contribute complementary expertise and leadership.
With this investment, the company
will continue to leverage its global
research and development capabilities, which includes 15 R&D
and Technology Application facilities around the world.
This acquisition is the second
Cargill investment in aquaculture over the last month. In
early July, Cargill announced a
US$30 million joint venture with
Naturisa to build a shrimp feed
facility in Ecuador.
With the need for protein
expected to grow by 70 percent
worldwide by 2050, farmed fish
and shrimp offers one solution to
meeting this demand, and Cargill
intends to play a major role in this
growing and important market,
Ms Lin said.
Sachs Merchant
Banking Division
to acquire Hamlet
Protein
we are very excited about our

new partnership with Altor and
Goldman Sachs Merchant Banking
Division, says Sren Munch, CEO
of Hamlet Protein.
With the strong suppor t
of Altor and Goldman Sachs
Merchant Banking Division we
are uniquely positioned to accelerate the development and
growth of Hamlet Protein and
better service our customers and
partners globally.
We have made a successful
management succession and
turned Hamlet Protein into a
leading global provider of specialty
soya for young animal feed with a
strong market position in Europe,
US and Asia through developing
global sales organization and significant investments in expanding
capacity including establishing a
sales and production facility in the
US, says Niels Worning, Partner

at Polaris Private Equity.
It has been a very successful
par tnership with Polaris, where
we, along with a strong new leadership has managed to achieve
a great development for Hamlet
the recent years with a significant strengthening of Hamlets
global market position, says
founder of Hamlet Protein, Ole
K Hansen.
We are looking forward to
continuing the positive development of Hamlet Protein started
by Polaris in our equal par tnership with Goldman Sachs
Merchant Banking Division, says
Sren Johansen, Partner at Altor
Equity Partners. We believe that
Hamlet Protein is ideally positioned to become the global
champion within high value-add
young animal feed.
We are impressed by the

high value-add young animal
feed platform that the management team and employees have
built under the current ownership, says Michael Specht
Bruun, Managing Director in the
Merchant Banking Division of
Goldman Sachs.
We see significant growth
potential globally and are excited
about partnering with Altor and
the management team to support
the companys impressive growth
trajectory both organically and
through acquisitions.
Closing of the transaction is
subject to customary regulatory
requirements and approvals.
William Blair acted as exclusive financial advisor to the
selling shareholders. Nordea has
provided debt financing for the
transaction.
ltor Fund IV and Goldman

Sachs Merchant Banking
Division par tner to
acquire the majority of Hamlet
Protein from Polaris Private
Equity and the founder of the
company, Ole K Hansen.
Hamlet Protein is a global
provider of soy-based protein
solutions used in high valueadd animal feed for young
animals. The company ser vices
more than 50 countries from
its two production facilities in
Horsens, Denmark and Findlay,
Ohio.
This is another important milestone for Hamlet Protein and
FEATURE
Tour report Chile: Industry welcomes

new Version five of the GLOBALGAP
Aquaculture Standard
ey players in the
Chilean
aquaculture industry met
on
August
18,
2015 in Puerto Varas at the
GLOBALGAP Tour 2015 stop
organised by DNV GL, one of
the worlds leading certification
bodies, for a presentation of
the new Version five of the
GLOBALGAP
Aquaculture
Standard and its impact on
the aquaculture sector in the
country. The new version,
available since July 2015, incorporates new elements that
focus on a more sustainable and
socially responsible aquaculture.
Latin America
Reporting on all GLOBALGAP

cer tification activities in Latin
Amer ica on behalf of the
GLOBALGAP Certification Body
Committee, Jorge Ros Alveal,
Senior Consultant Food and

Beverage at DNV said that more
than 30 companies are certified
under GLOBALGAP in Chile and
that the national salmon industry
exports over 98 percent of its
products.
Valeska Weymann, Senior
Exper t and Technical Key
Account GLOBALGAP
Aquaculture presented the
new elements incorporated in
the GLOBALGAP Aquaculture
Standard Version five. Focused
on Car ing for Consumer s
and Responsible Sourcing at
All Stages of Production, key
changes cover animal welfare,
infrastructure specific to cage
far ming, area management,
community, subcontr acting
and workers health safety and
welfare.
Changes also include improvements to the overall language
and structure of the document
to ensure harmonised interpretation, with added detailed guidelines to ensure animal welfare,
as well as emphasising the sustainable aspects of the fish feed
used.
New requirements have been
added to the criteria for the
Veterinar y Health Plan, which
emphasise not only animal
welfare but also the impact on
both the environment and human
beings, with regards to the use of
antibiotics.
International news
As for recent international

news on the high use of antibiotics in Chile, Valeska Weymann
explained that any GLOBALGAP
certified company, including those
in Chile, are only permitted to
use antibiotics based on a diagnosis.
She added that, we have
been for tunate that the Rapid
Alert System for Food and Feed
(RASFF) used in Europe has
not identified any weaknesses in
GLOBALGAP certified products,
which means that cer tification
offers a high level of assurance

that there are no residual chemicals.
Version five of the Aquaculture
Standard also enhances communication with consumers.
Today, through the Friends of
the Sea collaboration project, for
example, we intend to promote
higher communication addressing
consumers key concerns such as
the use of antibiotics, explained
Valeska Weymann.
The head of the Department
of the Environment Technological
Institute of Salmon (INTESAL),
Ximena Rojas, presented the
macro-zone management processes taking place in the salmon
farming and the current major
improvements in health management in Chile, specifically since
the crisis of the ISA (Infectious
Salmon Anemia) virus in 2007.
This crisis has accelerated the
introduction of a new productive
model for the Chilean aquaculture sector and strengthened the
role of the national government
in the control and regulation of
aquaculture.
WORLDWIDE CALENDAR
2015 - 2018
VIV MEA 2016
FEBRUARI 16 - 18, ABU DHABI, U. A. E.
VIV ASIA 2017
MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND
VIV EUROPE 2018
JUNE 20 - 22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS
VIV RUSSIA 2015
MAY 19 - 21, MOSCOW, RUSSIA
VIV TURKEY 2015
JUNE 11 - 13, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
WWW.VIV.NET
VIV CHINA 2016
SEPTEMBER 6 - 8, BEIJING, CHINA
FEATURE
Pea Seed protein

concentrate in
Tilapia feeds
by Josh Cantril, Centre for Sustainable
Aquaculture Research, Swansea
University, Swansea, UK and Ingrid
Lupatsch, Aqua Nutrition Manager, AB
Agri Ltd
eas (Pisum sativum) are one of the

four most important crops next to
soybean, groundnut, and beans. It
is a particularly important legume
in temperate areas with numerous food
(dry seed, vegetable) and feed (seed, fodder)
usages.
Field peas have attracted considerable attention as an animal
feed due to increased production in Europe and Canada and
thus reliable supply and competitive price. Peaseed meal has
been trialed in Atlantic salmon,
Rainbow trout and European sea
bass with encouraging results.
Peas, when unprocessed, contain moderate levels of protein
22-25 percent but also several
anti-nutritional factors (ANF);
however, the levels of ANFs in
peas are low compared with
other legumes and peas did not
induce enteritis in the distal intestine in Atlantic salmon as seen
when feeding soybean meal.
New feed processing technologies have provided more
suitable products for use in high
protein aquafeeds. Pea protein
concentrate (PPC) is produced
by fine grinding dehulled peas
into pea flour, followed by air
processing which separates the
particles based on differences in
size and density. The resulting
concentrate has higher protein
and lower carbohydrate and
ANF contents compared with unprocessed

peas, and thus would be a promising protein
source in aquaculture feeds.
The following study examined the efficacy
and nutritional properties of peaseed protein
concentrate as an alternative feed ingredi-
ent and protein source for all-male tilapia

(Oreochromis niloticus) culture incorporating
growth and digestibility trials.
Fish and rearing conditions
Genetically male Nile tilapia (GMT) were

sourced as fry from Fishgen
Ltd and raised at the Centre
Table 1: Apparent digestibility coefficients (%) of fish meal and pea seed protein as
for Sustainable Aquaculture
determined in tilapia
Research
at
Swansea
Dry matter
Protein
Organic Matter
Energy
University
until
they
reached
%
%
%
%
the
appropriate
sizes
to be
Fish meal*
72.1 0.2
89.5 0.2
82.7 0.3
83.7 0.4
used
in
the
trials.
Fish
were
Pea seed concentrate**
73.2 0.1
88.4 1.8
79.3 2.2
80.3 2.3
cultured indoors as part of a
freshwater recirculation system,
which included mechaniTable 2: Formulation and composition of experimental feeds (per kg as fed)
cal and bio-filtration units, a
Ingredients
Fishmeal
30% PPC
60% PPC
100% PPC
protein skimmer and a sand
Formulation
filter. Water temperature
Fish meal
605
410
210
was kept at 27C and phoPea seed concentrate
165
340
520
toperiod was set at 12 hours
Corn Starch
325
340
320
310
of light daily. Temperature
Vegetable Oil
40
45
50
55
and dissolved oxygen levels
were measured daily, while
Vitamin &Mineral
5
5
5
5
total ammonia nitrogen,
Di-calcium- Phosphate
25
55
nitrite, nitrate and pH were
Calcium carbonate
25
55
measured weekly to assure
Alginate
25
25
25
25
optimum water quality.
Composition
Dry matter, g
927
905
903
910
Ash, g
133
98.7
92.9
88.8
Lipid, g
86.6
85.6
84.9
83.6
Crude Protein, g
393
390
393
397
Gross Energy, MJ
17.90
18.00
18.08
18.32
352
348
349
351
Digestible Energy*, MJ
Digestible Protein*, g
14.79
14.76
14.67
14.82
DP/DE ratio g/MJ
23.8
23.5
23.8
23.7
* Incorporating results from digestibility trial
Feed preparation
Feeds were prepared

according to Table 1 by mixing the dry ingredients with a
binder and water, extruded
through a meat grinder and
afterwards dried at 450C for
24 hrs. The resulting pellets
had a diameter of 2.5mm and
3.5mm for growth and digest-
FEATURE
Table 3: Performance parameters of tilapia after 35 days of growth at 27oC (mean SD)
Treatment
Fishmeal
30% PPC
60% PPC
100% PPC
Initial weight (g)
32.2 1.0
32.5 0.6
32.7 1.2
33.4 0.6
Final weight (g)
97.8 2.2
105.7 1.0
100.9 4.1
65.7 3.2
Weight gain g/fish/day
1.88 0.03
2.09 0.01
1.95 0.08
0.92 0.07
Feed intake g/fish/day
2.06 0.05
2.23 0.12
2.09 0.06
1.07 0.02
FCR
1.10 0.05
1.06 0.06
1.07 0.02
1.16 0.08
97 4
100 0
97 4
82 8
Survival (%)
Table 4: Composition of tilapia per g live weight (mean SD)
Initial
Fishmeal
30% PPC
60% PPC
100% PPC
247 0.2
Dry Matter, mg
230
248 0.7
274 0.4
266 1.2
Crude Protein, mg
127
139 0.4
150 4.0
149 12.1
133 2.1
Lipid, mg
43.1
65.3 4.0
80.9 1.0
77.0 1.0
63.7 0.4
Ash, mg
59.2
43.6 2.4
43.2 0.8
40.1 1.1
50.4 0.8
Gross Energy, kJ
4.52
5.59 0.18
6.63 0.24
6.37 0.37
5.29 0.0
ibility trial respectively and were stable up to

24 hours in water.
Sample preparation and

chemical analyses
At the start of the growth trial samples

of about 10 fish were taken and at the end
10 fish from each tank were sacrificed and
blended to create homogenous samples. Subsamples for estimation of dry matter were
taken before the remaining homogenate was
oven-dried. The dried samples were once

more mixed in a blender before all remaining
analyses.
Identical analyses were applied for diets,
faecal matter and body homogenates. Crude
protein was measured using the Kjeldahl technique and multiplying N by 6.25. Ash was calculated from the weight loss after incineration
of the samples for 12h at 5500C in a muffle
furnace. Gross energy content was measured
by combustion in a Parr bomb calorimeter
using benzoic acid as the standard. Chromic

oxide was estimated by wet digestion.
Feed and faeces containing Cr2O3 were
digested in a mixture of perchloric acid, concentrated sulphuric acid and Na-molybdate.
The resulting dichromate was determined at
360 nm against Cr2O7 standard solutions.
Digestibility trial
Digestibility of the pea seed protein concentrate was assessed by adding chromic
oxide, an 0.8 percent inclusion, as the indigestible marker to the feed and collecting the
faecal matter by siphoning. By assessing the
ratio of marker to energy or nutrient in the
feed compared to their ratio in faecal matter,
digestibility of the nutrients can be established.
Fishmeal was used as the reference ingredient
and the test diet was mixed at a ratio of 50
percent fishmeal and 50 percent pea seed
protein. Fifteen tilapia, weighing on average
400g, were stocked in 300L tanks to supply
two replicates per treatment. Faecal matter
from a given tank was pooled over the trial
period until sufficient material was collected
for subsequent analyses. Digestibility of ingredients were calculated using well established
equations and are presented in Table 1.
Growth trial
Four experimental diets were formulated
Complete Plants and Machines

for the Production of Fish Feed
Contrary to conventional extruders, the KAHL extruder OEE is equipped

with a hydraulically adjustable die.
AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG Dieselstrasse 5-9 D-21465 Reinbek / Hamburg Phone: +49 40 727 71 0
info@akahl.de
www.akahl.de
FEATURE
Mycofix
X I N RI
MYCOFI
EN
T
TO
SK
MYCO
retention
efficiencies
to contain 40 percent protein
Table 5 : Energy and protein retention efficiency (mean SD) in tilapia fed pea seed meal at
(Table 5).
and nine percent lipid and
increasing inclusion levels.
The reduced weight
to gradually include pea seed
Fishmeal
30% PPC
60% PPC
100% PPC
gain was thought to be
concentrate at the expense of
Digestible Energy intake
30.5 0.8
32.9 1.7
30.7 0.9
15.9 0.2
correlated with reduced
fishmeal (Table 2). Seventeen
(kJ / fish /day)
feed intake in fish fed the
tilapia of 35g initial size were
Energy gained
11.5 0.3
15.8 0.6
14.1 1.7
5.6 0.3
100 percent pea seed
stocked in 150L tanks provid(kJ / fish /day)
feed as indicated in Table
ing two replicates per treatDigestible Energy
37.7 0.0
47.2 0.7
46.0 4.2
35.4 1.5
3.
ment. The trial lasted 35 days
retention efficiency (%)
and fish were fed manually
Digestible Protein intake
0.73 0.02
0.77 0.04
0.73 0.02
0.38 0.01
(g / fish /day)
to apparent satiation up to 4
Conclusions
times daily. Any uneaten pelTilapia performed on
Protein gained
0.27 0.00
0.34 0.01
0.31 0.05
0.13 0.01
(g / fish /day)
lets were collected at the end
feeds with pea seed proDigestible Protein
37.5 1.5
43.4 1.0
42.7 5.4
34.4 1.0
of the day and accounted for.
tein of up to 35 percent
retention efficiency (%)
Thus feed intake was
dietary inclusion very
quantified and evaluated in
well. At this level - equivrelation to growth response.
alent to 65 percent of
pea seed diet compared to the other three
Through comparative body composition feeds. Survival was also slightly reduced fishmeal protein replacement - performance
of fish carcass the relationship between (Table 3).
of tilapia was equivalent to fish when fed
dietary protein and energy intake and proDespite the poorer growth performance, the all fishmeal feed.
tein and energy deposition was assessed, results in Table 3 indicate that FCR was not
The reduced growth of tilapia fed the 100
which allowed estimation of the utilisation different among the treatments (Table 3). percent pea seed feed was mainly due to
efficiency of the feeds.
Furthermore a trend can be inferred that fish decreased feed intake and palatability might
performance improved with the inclusion have been an issue. No significant differences
of the pea seed concentrate. This differ- were found with regards to FCR, energy and
Results and Discussion
Comparison of growth performance ence was not proven to be significant, but protein retention efficiency values. This fact
among fish showed no difference when nevertheless higher weight gain, improved supports the notion that whichever proPPC supplied up to 60 percent of the FCR (Table 3) and increased energy content tein source the fish consumed they utilised
protein in the diet. But growth obviously (Table 4) can be described which ultimately equally well.
References available on request
deteriorated in tilapia fed the 100 percent resulted in improved energy and protein
NAG EM
Proven protection.
Mycotoxins decrease performance and interfere
with the health status of your animals.
Mycofix is the solution for mycotoxin risk management.
mycofix.biomin.net
Naturally ahead
Precise and accurate analysis

of incoming raw materials
ensures high feed quality.
AMINONIR - fast and reliable amino acid predictions save time and money
The right raw materials from the right supplier for the right price
animal-nutrition@evonik.com
www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition
FEATURE
Catfish production
in India: Present status and
by Dr B. Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Department of Fisheries,
atfish, which is a significant group of the fishes in

wetlands, are economically important with a high nutrient
value. Catfishes, owing to their unique taste, few bones,
are considered a delicacy for the fish consumers, but
production of different indigenous catfishes through aquaculture is
unexplored in India, although aquaculture contribution of some of
the catfish varieties like Ictalurus, Silurus and Clarias spp. has been
exemplary in the World scenario.
Catfishes are the second major group of freshwater fishes. India,
being a mega-diverse country, harbors 197 catfish species from 52
genera. The Indian families include Amblycipitidae (Torrent catfishes),
Akysidae (Stream catfishes), Bagridae (Bagrid catfishes), Chacidae
(Square head or angler catfish), Clariidae (Air breathing catfishes),
Heteropneustidae (Air-sac catfishes), Olyridae (Long-tail catfishes),
Pangasiidae (Shark catfishes), Plotosidae (Eel-tail catfishes), Schilbeidae
(Schilbid catfishes), Siluridae (Sheat fishes), Sisoridae (Sisorid catfishes).
Present status
Considering the high market demand for catfish and the availability of a huge potential resource in the form of many inland water
resources, commercial farming of these species is presently receiving
important attention. In India catfish production is coming from both the
systems of inland resources i.e. capture and aquaculture.
Capture: The inland water resources of the country are in terms
of rivers, estuaries, backwaters and lagoons, reservoirs, floodplain
wetlands and upland lakes, which contribute about 1.05 million
tonnes of fish annually. The principal rivers of India as Yamuna, Ganga,
Brahmaputra, Mahanandi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery including
their main tributaries and distributaries harbors about 11.5 percent
of the fish fauna so far know in the world. Many of the catfish species
start from 15 grams size (Mystus tengara) to very large about 50 Kg size
(Hemibagrus maydelli) harvested from these water sources in India.
And many of the well-known food catfishes are also fine sporting fishes.
Aquaculture: Ponds and tanks are the prime resources for freshwa-
prospects
ter aquaculture; however, only about 40 percent of the available area

is used for aquaculture currently. In northern India, open waters with
in-flows are common, while southern India has watersheds, termed as
tanks, largely used for crop irrigation along with carp fish culture.
After carps, catfish production is also
Table 1: Catfish production in India from
increasing
tremen2001 to 2010
dously throughout the
Year Inland fish
Catfish
Catfish
India since 2001 (Table:
production production
%
1). Out of 197 catfish
(in tonnes) (in tonnes)
species available in
2001
3084247
78367
2.54
Indian region, about 30
2002
3165927
101488
3.20
catfish species are eco2003
3220407
106282
3.30
nomical and which are
2004
3527505
78990
2.23
produced mainly from
2005
3727375
132342
3.55
capture fishery, and a
2006
3750736
130027
3.46
couple of catfish spe2007
4170560
125800
3.01
cies are produced from
2008
3799563
174503
4.59
both the aquaculture
and capture fishery in
2009
4660463
179843
3.85
the country (Table: 2).
2010
5077200
212462
4.18
There are six catfish
Table 3: Commercially cultured Catfish species in India.
Sl. Family
No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Clariidae
Magur
Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)
Clariidae
African catfish
or Thai magur
Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)
Heteropneustidae Singhi or stinging catfish
Heteropneustes fossilis
Siluridae
Butter catfish
Ompok bimaculatus
Pangasiidae
Pangas
Pangasius pangasius
Pangasiidae
Sutchi catfish
Pangasianodon
hypophthalmus
FEATURE
species are cultured in India (Table 3). Among six, only two catfish
species viz. Pangasianodon and African catfish culture is intensified in
the country due to its higher production rates by using various local
as well as commercial feeding methods. Of late, Government of India
permitted culture of Pangasianodon and Tilapia species laying down
strict guidelines as an alternative crop to carp fishes.
Pangasius sutchi or Pangasianodon hypophthalmus one of the swift
growing catfishes was first introduced into India in the year 19951996
in the state of West Bengal from Thailand through Bangladesh. Initially
Table 2: Important commercial Catfish species and source of production in India

Sl.
No.
1
farming was carried out in limited area in the States of West

Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. This fish grows to 11.5 kg during one year. A minimum of 1015 tonnes/hectare/year is
harvested through due to culture of this fish.
In commercial culture of Pangasianodon farmers are using
both pelleted and extruded feeds. Due to high feed cost and
fluctuation in production costs, in some areas farmers are using
local feeds like cooked corn grains, broken rice, chicken waste
etc.
African catfish or Thai magur, Clarias gariepinus culture was banned
in India under Environment Protection Act. But many fishermen still
cultivating this banned catfish illegally in village ponds to make a quick
buck. This species was clandestinely introduced into the state of West
Bengal possibly during 1994 from neighboring Bangladesh and quickly
spread throughout the country, including into cold regions as well as
coastal areas. It is largely cultured in the states of West Bengal, Punjab,
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Assam, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana. Clarias gariepinus is usually fed waste intestines and skin of
chickens so it grows fast than compared to
other local species catfish or carps fish with
low feeding cost.
Species
Family
Source of
production
Common name
Scientific name
Gangetic mystus
Mystus cavasius (Hamilton)
Bagridae
Capture
Prospects
Days mystus
Mystus bleekeri (Day)
Bagridae
Capture
Tengara mystus
Mystus tengara (Hamilton)
Bagridae
Capture
Gogra rita
Rita gogra (Sykes)
Bagridae
Capture
Giant river catfish
Aorichthys seenghala (Sykes)
Bagridae
Capture
Long-whiskerd catfish
Aorichthys aor (Hamilton)
Bagridae
Capture
Capture
Krishna mystus
Hemibagrus maydelli (Rossell)
Bagridae
Indian butter-catfish
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch)
Siluridae
Capture
Pabdah catfish
Ompok pabda (Hamilton)
Siluridae
Capture & Aquaculture
10
Boal
Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider)
Siluridae
Capture
11
White catfish
Silonia children (Sykes)
Schilbidae
Capture
12
Khavalchor catfish
Neotropius khavalchor Kulkarni
Schilbidae
Capture
13
Goongwaree vacha
Eutropiichthys goongwaree
(Sykes)
Schilbidae
Capture
14
Indian potasi
Pseudeutropius atherinoides
(Bloch)
Schilbeidae
Capture
15
Gangetic goonch
Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton)
Sisoridae
Capture
16
Stinging catfish
Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
Heteropneustidae
17
Magur
Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)
Clariidae
18
African catfish
Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)*
Clariidae
Aquaculture
19
Pungas
Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton)
Pangasidae
Capture
20
Sutchi catfish
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus*
Pangasidae
Aquaculture
*Exotic species
Aquaculture in India has become an industry since late eighties with several entrepreneurs taking up aquaculture with carps,
catfishes and prawns. Of late, Government
of India has also identified catfish farming as
a National Priority and has emphasised on
diversification of culture practices. The major
chunk of catfish, however, comes from capture resources, which includes air breathing
as well as non-air-breathing varieties. Airbreathing catfishes have greater potentiality to
utilise shallow, swampy, marshy and derelict
water-bodies for aquaculture; whereas nonair-breathing catfishes can be well suited to
normal pond environment.
Among the catfishes magur, Clarias batrachus is the only species that has received
much attention. Singhi, Heteropneustes fossilis is another air-breathing catfish species
being cultured to a certain extent in swamps
and derelict water bodies, especially in the
eastern states. In recent years, attempts have
been made to develop the culture of non-air
breathing catfishes like Pangasius pangasius,
Wallagoattu, Aorichthys seenghala, A. aor and
Ompok pabda.
FEATURE
GROWTH TRIAL AND CHALLENGE

TESTING FACILITY OPENS IN THAILAND
New facility can accommodate confidential, replicated growth trials designed to client
specific protocols for freshwater, brackish water and marine shrimp and fish species
ollowing the successful launch of

its disease diagnostics laboratory
facilities in Bangkok, Thailand in
July 2014, Fish Vet Group Asia
Ltd has now opened wet laboratory and
challenge testing facilities in Chonburi, 90
minutes south-east of Bangkok.
The facility can accommodate confidential, replicated growth trials designed to client
specific protocols for freshwater, brackish
water and marine shrimp and fish species and both bacterial, for example Vibrio
parahaemolyticus, and viral, including WSSV
challenge tests.
Best bio-security practices
The unit, under the watchful eye of

aquatic veterinarian Dr Leo Galli, is operated
under best biosecurity practices. All incoming
stock are screened at source and regardless
of any accompanying specific pathogen free
(SPF) status certification are only allowed
into the facility after reconfirmation of their
SPF status by conducting tests in the FVG
Asia Ltd disease diagnostics laboratories in
Bangkok.
Additional mandatory practices on site,

include disinfection of incoming water, pipework and facility equipment.
The facilities
A series of 400-litre external nursery

tanks are used to grow seed (shrimp PLs or
fish fry) to the preferred client stocking size
before transfer into the external grow-out
tank system which consists of 32 200-litre
tanks.
Each grow-out tank has its own internal
bio-filter, and aeration supply and is an individual separate bio-secure unit. The growout unit has a double skinned roof and an
external roof water sprinkler system to keep
the ambient temperatures steady and at least
10 degrees centigrade less than the external
midday air temperatures.
Facilities, therefore, are ideal for feed/
growth trial work. Alarms alerting staff to
disruption of the electricity supply, a back-up
petrol generator and switch over back up
air pumps ensure that electrical power is
provided in the rare event of a power cut,
or if there is a failure in any of the in-line air
and water pump systems.
High quality technical

supervision
Day-to-day management of the unit is

under the charge of Dr Andy Shinn, Senior
Scientist, ably supported by three wet lab
technicians who provide 24-hour operational
coverage when required.
An on-site laboratory is used for the
preparation and evaluation of test diets, the
evaluation and monitoring of stocked animals,
preparation of samples for histology, and,
the testing of routine water quality including pH, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, salinity and
dissolved oxygen. Automatic data loggers
routinely record water and air temperature
and light intensity this system will shortly
be upgraded to the automated and real time
iWise environmental monitoring system in the
coming weeks.
Challenge tests
The facility has two challenge test suites

for both bacteriology and virology-based
work among other trial work. As with the
external system, the rooms allow for the
bespoke needs of each trial, but each can
accommodate, for example, between 24 to
FEATURE
200 one to 20 litre, individually-aerated, test
vessels.
This system allows for the responses
of individual animals to be determined to
client agreed challenge protocols including
immersion, injection and via feed presentation. Recent trial work has included toxicity/
safety trials (for example, LC50 and MIC) and
diet choice palatability trials for Benchmark
Holdings PLC and external contract clients.
All viral and bacterial challenge activities
are all conducted under the technical supervision of Dr Pikul Jiravanichpaisal supported by
disease diagnostics technicians, Paan and Meen.
Client and supplier confidence
Our relationship with our clients and

satisfactory service provision is paramount,
says Don Griffiths, the Operations Director at
FVG Asia Ltd.
FVG Asia Ltd provides quality technical
input, staffing, system design and biosecurity
procedures and its contractual obligation to its
clients provides for repeating any trial at our
cost if equipment failure or mis-management
leads to an unusable outcome.
This guarantee has provided feed and feed
additive manufacturers the confidence that
has secured bookings for the FVG Asia Ltd
wet lab and challenge test facilities for several
months ahead.
FEATURE
Algaes key role in taking care of consumer expectations

by Roger Gilbert, IAF Publisher
One of the worlds most famous views - The Olmix team poses for a picture at the Thatre National
de Chaillot on the banks of the Seine opposite Eiffel Tower and Champs de Mars
he inclusion of algae in food production took on a meaningful turn when Olmix presented its antibiotic-free broiler
chicken to delegates attending its one-day conference
Building a Healthy Food Chain Thanks to Algae, in Paris
last month.
The chicken, raised on algae-included feed rations and managed,
processed and distributed by Olmix, was tasted by the 400-plus delegates attending the conference.
While broiler and fish production differ widely, algae products are
attempting to achieve similar levels of food safety in both livestock and
aquaculture.
Until now the benefits algae provides in terms of human nutrition
and health have been largely associated with cultural and coastal communities and with those looking for dietary alternatives.
In livestock and fish production algae has been considered a valuable ingredient in its own right for some time, but products have now
been developed to help protect health, improve well-being and reduce
the need for medicines and in particular antibiotics.
Algae has not yet proven itself as a viable source of protein in meeting the growing demand from our food producing animals, particularly
not in fish diets where the pressure is on to minimise the amount of
fishmeal included in feeds.
However, Paris may well prove a turning point in the way we
consider algae inclusion in our food
production system.
We are now ready to meet consumers expectations for a better life, Olmix
marketing director Danile Marzin told
the delegates crowed into the Hotel
Pullman Eiffel Tower conference room.
staff and others which started with a reception in the art deco Thatre
National de Chaillot.
The conference offered presentations by three professors: Professor
Antoine Andremont, professor of microbiology at the University of
Paris Medical School on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance what is
the world situation; Professor Dung Cao the deputy director of the
Potato, Vegetable and Flower Research Centre in Vietnam on pesticides and their use in Asia; Professor Jose Luiz Tejon Megido, president
of TCA International in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Dr Thomas Pavie made the final address which launched of the
Olmix antibiotic-free chicken production internationally, the first application for food-producing animals.
Care for all
Olmix has adopted a Care programme for its plant, livestock and
aqua and human food divisions.
Melspring is the companys Plant Care Division and focuses on sustainable products capable of improving plant health, protecting against
disease and supporting the environment. Algae products are applied
as fertiliser and offer the opportunity to reduce the use of chemical
pesticides while lifting crop quality and yields.
The Olmix Animal Care Division has introduced a product and
feeding strategy that aims to eliminate the use of antibiotics in chicken
Guest gather in Paris
Gathered in Paris to celebrate the

companys 20th anniversary, over 300
international invited guests, from customers to agents, to distributors and staff
from more than 50 countries enjoyed
three days of festivities with local French
From Left: Professor Antoine Andremont, Professor of Microbiology, University of Paris Medical School,
Paris; Professor Jose Luiz Tejon Megido, President, TCA International, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr Thomas
Pavie, former Deputy Agriculture Counsellor for China and North East Asia
FEATURE
To get optimal efficiency, Olmix
engages the whole livestock chain as
products are implemented by farmers,
veterinarians and the feed miller, she
adds.
The Algae School
Two days in Paris followed by two

days in Brittany. The two venues visited
included the companys new office and
factory facilities and an evening visit to
the new Breizh Algae School, located at
the Balusson home farm, which will offer
courses to Olmix customers on the use
and benefits of algae products, including
modern farming techniques that eliminate
the need for antibiotics, pesticides and
chemical additives.
President, founder and CEO of Olmix Group, Herv Balusson,

celebrates the companys 20th anniversary at the legendary Lido
cabaret on the Champs-lyses in Paris
Dedication and commitment
production, improve farmers profits and animal well-being. And may

well lead to similar objectives in aquaculture.
Producing antibiotic-free chicken will not be achieved only by
nutrition nor with a single miraculous feed additive, says Ms Marzin.
She says Olmix is now capable of providing a global strategy to
improve animal hygiene, enhance immune defenses. Guarantee digestive welfare, increase digestive efficiency and fight mycotoxins.
The dedication and commitment to the

values algae can provide, has been championed for 20 years by Herv Balusson, president, founder and CEO of Olmix Group.
His resolve to bring the benefits of algae to international
attention and to conduct the research necessary to develop algaebased products has paid dividends for all in the food production
chain, and was lavishly and generously celebrated in Paris during
the company annual Breizh Algae Tour which was held the same
week as Space, Rennes one of Frances major agriculture exhibitions.
health
Cleverly combined.
Unique combination, matchlessly broad
spectrum: AntaOx, excellent by nature.
AntaOx is a unique plant-based formula. It contains a carefully composed

combination of valuable polyphenols, alongside with other secondary phytonutrients. Extensive research in cooperation with different universities and
scientific trial institutions has impressively documented the effectiveness:
in vivo for all animal species!
Put AntaOx to the test. We will be happy to advise you.
AntaOx
www.dr-eckel.de
Funded by: Federal Ministry of Food and

Agriculture based on a decision of the
Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany.
FEATURE
A sustainable
protein supplement
for the future
by Peter Parker, International Aquafeed Magazine
uckweed is the smallest flowering plant in the world.

It is an aquatic plant often found in fresh water or
wetlands in most parts of the world that do not freeze
too frequently. Floating on or just below the surface
of still or slow-moving bodies of water, many around the world
perceive it as a pest, claiming it clogs up lakes or ponds.
However, duckweed is anything but a pest. It is in fact somewhat
more of a super plant. Some people suggest that it has properties that
are under-exploited, for example as a bio-fuel and as an effective bioremediator of wastewater. It is a potent fertiliser; and most importantly
for the purposes of this article, it is a rich and sustainable source of
protein with the potential for widespread use in animal feed, aqua
feed, and as a food source for humans.Question and Answer with Tamra
Fakhoorian, International Lemna Assocation
Duckweed expert, Ms Fakhoorian is a biologist, chemist, and co-founder
of the International Lemna Association, of which she is the current executive director. Three years ago Ms Fakhoorian founded GreenSun Products,
LLC; a company that has developed duckweed production systems, and
product lines for both pet and human nutrition.
Q. From my current understanding, it seems as though duckweed would

have great potential as an aqua or terrestrial animal feed?
A. Yes, while initial commercial marketing focus is on higher value products,
duckweed has been used to feed fish and land animals for decades in integrated Asian farmer settings. Researchers have been working with duckweed for nearly fifty years. We know its potential to remediate wastewater
and return a large volume of high protein biomass and exceptionally clean
water. This pathway is seen as completing the nutrient cycle, a real boon
to sustainable production of plant protein for a wide variety of uses including aqua and terrestrial animal feeds. I love this quote by Peter Marshall:
Waste itself is a human concept. Everything in nature is eventually
used. Duckweed can help farmers mimic nature in this regard, and reap
feed cost savings whilst reusing fresh water over and over.
Q. What is the current state of the duckweed industry?
A. Current applications include: 1. Using the decades-old model of Asian small farm settings to recapture
animal waste nutrient streams and use the resulting duckweed biomass
as a fresh feed for ducks, fish, and swine for feed cost savings.
Companies are developing integrated systems including CAFO
waste streams for bio methane generation and subsequent
duckweed production to be used as fresh feed supplements
for cattle, swine, and chickens. (Each species has maximum feed
inclusion rates due to each animals ability to process the high
FEATURE
percentage of water in fresh duckweed.) Dried duckweed meal
can be substituted for soya as a protein replacement in 10-30
percent inclusion rates, depending on the animal.
2. As a processed fishmeal replacement-lemna protein concentrate
(LPC) for swine, production initially. LPC has gone toe-to-toe
with 68 percent soy protein concentrate and found to produce
comparable results. This is powerful given duckweeds ability to
produce at least four times the amount of protein per hectare
versus that of soya, be GMO-free, and remediate animal waste
streams at the same time.
3. Along with GreenSun Products, several companies are working
with various strains of duckweed for human nutrition Protein
levels of as high at 50 percent and above are being reported on
a dry weight basis, with vitamin and mineral content heralded
as well above average for green leafy crops. Additional benefits
include being non-GMO, gluten-free, and organically produced.
Be watching for both fresh and dried products to hit store shelves
within the next couple of years.
Q. What is the nutritional make up of duckweed?
A. While an older table, this one is fairly reliable as far as ranges:
Organic composition in the

Lemnaceae, % of dry weight
protein
6.8 45.0
lipid
1.8 9.2
crude fiber
5.7 16.2
carbohydrate
14.1 43.6
ash
12.0 27.6
Ms Fakhoorian suggested that the feed industry investigate the

potential for duckweeds nearly complete amino acid profile as
being as close to animal protein as the plant kingdom can provide.
In addition she provided this quote from Dr John Cross, author
of the richly-detailed website, The Charms of Duckweed. The
protein content of duckweeds is one of the highest in the plant
kingdom, but it is dependent on growth conditions. Typically
duckweeds are rich in leucine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and
phenylalanine. They tend to be low in cysteine, methionine, and
tyrosine.
Q. What can you tell me about the digestibility of duckweed
for salmonids?
A. To answer this Ms Fakhoorian passed the question
onto Dr Ron Hardy who is a professor in the Animal and
Veterinary Science Department, University of Idaho and Director
of the Aquaculture Research Institute. Dr Hardy is also on the
Nutrition and Feeds Technical Advisory Committee of Integrated
Aquaculture International, he answered as follows:
Duckweed protein has been shown to be highly digestible
to rainbow trout and is therefore likely to be highly digestible to
other salmonids. Protein digestibility is on par with many alternative protein ingredients, although slightly lower than high-quality
plant proteins, such as soy protein concentrate, and fishmeal.
Duckweed protein concentrate containing 65 percent to 70
percent protein has a favorable amino acid profile for fish and
has other characteristics, such as high palatability and lack of antinutritional factors, that make it an interesting potential component
of fish feeds. Keys to future use of duckweed protein concentrate
as a fish feed ingredient will be cost and availability.
FEATURE
Advanced Feature Extrusion
MAX.
393.31
[9990]
MAX.
391.31
[9939]
15.00
[381]
31.19
[792]
MIN.
12.00
[305]
MIN.
29.19
[741]
F085 SHIMPO
36.91
[937]
67.28
[1709]
39.00
[991]
101.44
[2577]
30.38
[772]
BIN
Inlet
DCC
Inlet
19.16
[487]
64.83
[1647]
108.59
[2759]
30.00
[762]
End of
Head
CYL.
Disch.
15.00
[381]
Engineered
Pre-Kill Zones
Optimize Petfood Safety
269.88
[6855]
Food safety is rapidly changing the way the world

looks at pet foods. Extru-Tech recently introduced
Advanced Features to their line of Extruders that
provide:
1.93 [49]
199.38
[5064]
Best in class design reduces horizontal surfaces

and increases sanitation18.00
access
under, on and
[457]
1.00
around NPT
the unit
12.56 [319]
03
54
51
06
256T
3/4 NPT
2.00 NPT
Becomes the first line of defense in control/

elimination of potentially dangerous pathogens.
80
NORGREN
88.00
[2236]
160
MAXUM
SIZE 10
Completed an industry-first scientific validation

study proving the kill/lethality step of the ExtruTech extrusion system design
52.19
[1325]
All of these advanced features and validation in
102.13 [2594]
one extrusion system
111.12 [2822]
195.72 [4971]
With increased focus
on food safety, Extru-Techs
Advanced Feature Extrusion puts you well ahead
of previous and current industry standards.
Contact a system specialist today at

785-284-2153 or visit us online at
www.extru-techinc.com.
P.O. Box 8
100 Airport Road
Sabetha, KS 66534, USA
Phone: 785-284-2153
Fax: 785-284-3143
extru-techinc@extru-techinc.com
www.extru-techinc.com
ET-261A.indd 1
2/12/15 4:52 PM
24.59 [625]
Q. Do you have any comments on how duckweed
might be suited
to the aquaculture industry in particular? 2.00 NPT [WATER]
2.00 NPT
[STEAM]
A. Aquatic plants for aquatic production, its
a natural
fit. Duckweed
is highly suited to intensive aquaculture via efficient waste removal
57.69 to live weight
and high protein biomass that converts efficiently
[1465]
carp and tilapia. There48.00
are several commercial small
to53.25
mid-volume
[1219] are taking a cue from small [1353]
duckweed start-ups who
Asian farmers
and producing duckweed to cut feed costs for their own fisheries
initially.
As the demand for fishmeal substitutes and non-GMO plant-based
proteins grows, the duckweed industry is rapidly developing to meet
that demand. Currently, we are able to produce four to ten times the
protein production of soy per hectare. As the art of farming duckweed
improves, this ratio will go even higher. The hope of sustainable aquaculture rests with sustainable aquatic plant proteins plus the massive
benefits of bioremediation.
Q. What benefits would using duckweed have as a protein supplement for animal feed when compared to soya?
A. Duckweed has many benefits when compared to soya:
Studies have found that lemna protein concentrate is comparable
to soy protein concentrate for swine
Duckweed produces four to five times the protein per hectare
over soya
Non-GMO
Does not require the use of arable land for production
Soy production relies primarily on artificial fertilisers, whereas
15.88 [404]
Incorporates Advanced Venting Technology

(AVT) for suppression of steam and renegade
product mist
66.5
[168
FEATURE
in G
ermany M
a
any Made in
de
duckweed can remediate waste nutrients from concentrated

animal feedlots, thereby saving costs, cleaning wastewater and
producing a valuable feed at the same time
Duckfeed is virtually free fresh meal
G
in
erm
Mannan
REAL
BREWERSViking Pro
YEAST
e
ad
Beta-S
de in Germany
W60
MT
M ade i n G e
rm
y
an
an
a
M
Bierhefe
Bierhefe
rm
BTR
Ge
LEIBER BETA-S
EXCELLENT FOR FISH
For strong, immunocompetent fish:
Q. Can you describe feedstock applications of duckweed for aquaculture? Has there been much research done on this topic and if so,
for which species?
A. Many studies have been done with duckweed and fish production
with 20 percent up to 100 percent inclusion rates giving comparable
results to commercial mixes. Work done in the 90s by Skillicorn, et
al showed that carp could be fed solely on farmed fresh duckweed.
Interestingly, small farmers have been taking advantage of this free
protein supplement as per a Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources Tuguegarao City, Philippines flier describing for fish farmers that a 50 percent fresh duckweed and 50 percent commercial
pellets would result in heavier gains than pellets alone for tilapia.
Tilapia and carp are not the only fish species that benefit from
duckweed feed inclusions. The Burdekin trial conducted by Willett
et al, 2003 reared Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) solely on fresh harvested duckweed from a municipal effluent stream (average weight
gain: 0.7g/da/fish for 102 days). A study conducted by Fletcher and
Warburton in 1997 found that decomposed Spirodela was proven
effective as commercial pelleted feed for cultured Redclaw Crayfish.
Duckweeds abundance of carotenoids and pigments can stimulate
growth as per a study by Landesman et al 2002. The opportunities
for duckweed in fisheries are tremendous.
Improvement of the cellular &

humoral defence mechanisms
Support of immunological competence
in larval and juvenile stages
Improvement of feed conversion
Leiber GmbH
Hafenstrae 24
49565 Bramsche
Germany
Tel. +49 (0)5461 9303-0
Fax +49 (0)5461 9303-29
www.leibergmbh.de
info@leibergmbh.de
Produktanzeige Beta-S 90 x 270 International Aqua Feed ohne Messehinweis.indd 1
24.08.15 12:07
FEATURE
Q. What limitations does duckweed have in regards to use as an animal feed? Legal regulations? Limited research? Expensive to produce?
A. Legal regulations: So far, while duckweed is considered a nuisance
plant in some states in the US as well as Australia, purposeful cropping
has not been an issue.
Limited research: Need more animal feed research and production
research in that protein content varies with nutrient loads and seasonal
variances.
Expense: Currently, drying costs are the biggest holdup in commercialising production. Solar and hybrid driers can bring the costs down
considerably but are early-stage for full-scale production. Processed
LPC is foreseen to be competitive with fishmeal prices in the near
future.
Q. In our conversation you mentioned that Duckweed has a high
water content (92-94 percent water on average) and current drying
processes were a limiting factor to the widespread use of duckweed
in feed. Is drying the duckweed necessary for aquafeed? Does the
drying process alter the nutritional value of the plant?
A. Fresh, wet duckweed is an excellent primary or even sole food
source for tilapia and carp. However from a practical standpoint, drying
duckweed and including it at up to 50 percent and higher inclusion in
various feed formulations, this opens duckweeds potential in fisheries
applications considerably. The cheapest method of drying duckweed is
indirect solar dehydration. This retains maximum levels of carotenoids.
Efforts are underway to develop hybrid solar gas drying systems to
reduce drying costs by 50 percent or more. Other approaches include
direct precipitation of protein from lysed duckweed resulting in a lemna
protein concentrate (LPC).
Quoting Dr Louis Landesman, Heat treatments of dried biomass
do not affect protein quality. Low temperature drying should preserve
the nutritional value of duckweed meal. Duckweed is similar to fresh
grains in that it is perishable. Drying or other methods of preservation
(ensiling, acid treatment etc.) are necessary to protect its nutritional
value. Also most feed mills will only use dried feeds to formulate their
feeds.
Q. Aquaponic systems have been introduced into some RAS fish
farms, would it be possible for duckweed to compliment aquaponics
in some way?
A. A spin-off of RAS is a non-recirculating system I witnessed in the
Philippines. It featured a non-discharge open pond tilapia production
where the duckweed is actually grown insitu in tilapia ponds with
feeding barriers. By the use of photosynthesis via duckweed and
normal bacterial breakdown of fish wastes, an ecological balance was
achieved.
Tilapia were fed the duckweed as their sole feed input. Grow out
periods were stretched for another month, but the trade-off was low
to no cost production and a sustainable water system. This approach
also works for carp and freshwater shrimp.
Q. You are the owner of GreenSun Products, a company that has
developed both pet and human nutritional products from duckweed.
Do you have intentions of expanding into the industry of livestock
feed?
A. My team developed production, harvesting, drying and processing
systems for duckweed meal and LPC. GreenSun initially started out in
the pet food arena and has a patent pending on formulations with limited sales in certain US states. A year and a half ago, GreenSun turned
its attention to research and development for human nutrition and
has recently secured funding for that sector. GreenSun has received
many inquiries as to supplying bulk tonnage of duckweed meal for
livestock, but cannot compete with soy at this time. Long-term goals
include mass production of LPC as a fishmeal replacement. GreenSun
is currently expanding productions to include the US, Philippines, and

Mexico.
Q. Can you please tell me more about the International Lemna
Association?
A. The International Lemna Association (ILA) works to develop commercial production of duckweed for renewable, sustainable products
for a hungry and increasingly fresh water limited world.
ILA was formed in June of 2012 to assist in the development of
commercially viable production and processes of duckweed and other
aquatic species for renewable, sustainable products. Our membership
consists of producers and researchers from around the world.
We are the first trade association in the world dedicated to largescale production of the aquatic plant commonly known as duckweed.
The ILA seeks to bring duckweed and other aquatic species to the
limelight of sustainable crops that out-produce terrestrial crops for
protein and starches, while utilising waste nutrients and water sources
such as municipal and industrial wastewater streams.
You can learn more at www.internationallemnaassociation.org
Q. Can you share an interesting duckweed success story to close
this article?
A. One company in Argentina, MamaGrande, is remediating municipal
wastewater lagoons with duckweed, using a fermentation process to
produce polylactic acid and using the residue for high protein animal
feedstock.
PHOTOSHOOT
Biomin - Vietnam
Today, when manufacturing aquafeed ingredients to
the highest standards production must be carried out
in a state-of-the-art facility. Thats what Biomin has
built and now operate in Vietnam, some 80km outside
Saigon; a six-story scrupulously-clean premix plant that
ensures product batching accuracy and worker security.
International Aquafeed was invited to visit the plant
and will report on the facility and its output. We will be
carrying that report in our next edition
FISH FARMING
TECHNOLOGY
FEED BARGE
The Wavemaster AC850 Panorama
SUPPLEMENT
The AKVA group automatic feed barge
SUPPLEMENT
WAVEMASTER
AC850
PANORAMA
The AKVA group automatic feed barge
The International Aquafeed team take a tour of the
AKVA Groups technology titan - designed to distribute
850 tonnes of salmon feed - the AKVA group automatic
feed barge, Wavemaster AC850 Panorama
002 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology
n the final day of the AquaNor 2015 exhibition, my

colleagues Darren Parris, Tom Blacker and I had the
pleasure of being shown through AKVA Groups
technology titan, the AKVA group automatic feed
barge, Wavemaster AC850 Panorama.
It is the worlds largest steel feed barge with the storage potential of
850 tonnes of salmon feed and 12 parallel feed lines. The second one
of its kind, this feed barge has been sold to Marine Harvest, one of the
worlds largest fish farming companies.
It is intended to be put into operation in Fosen, Mid Norway, and
serve the site with up to 7200 tonnes of salmon. We met with AKVA
Group department manager, Andres Lara at the busy Skansen wharf
only five minutes walk from the event.
Welcoming lounge
After crossing the plank onto the barge, we were welcomed into
what we were told is usually the control room but, in the case of
this barge, was something of a lounge. There were three large black
couches, each with the sleek AKVA group logo on; a Sony surroundsound system installed and Projector TV on stand by. Indeed, initial first
impressions suggested that this barge was going to be of a superior
quality.
Unique outfit
This particular barge will be positioned only one kilometer from

the coast, and so the few members of staff on board will travel to and
from work daily.
As a result, this barge was custom built to exclude accommodation
space, with the exception of basic fold out beds should dangerous
weather restrict leaving the barge. A typical AKVA group barge can
have up to five rooms, although this is not common for Norwegian
barges.
However, I suspect a typical AKVA group barge does not exist, as
AKVA group aim to be as flexible as possible within realistic structural
and financial limitations, this is something they pride themselves on. For
example, this barge had heated floors in the lounge only, but should the
customer request it, heated floors can be installed on as many levels of
the barge as they like.
Flexible design
Flexibility for customers seems to be the crux of AKVA group.

When we asked Mr Lara how long he suspected it would take for one
of these barges to be produced if we were to order one today, he
suggested around six months, with an additional three months if the
desired design was not already in existence.
Towards the end of the tour, Mr Lara made a humble but honest
comment; at AKVA group they are excellent at producing barges, but
at the end of the day it is the fish farmers who are out there working
day in day out, this is why they work so closely with customers in the
design process, because the customer really does know what is best
for them.
Of course AKVA group do their best to cater for customers
requests but they need to be realistic, these barges float out there
exposed to the harsh elements of the ocean, therefore balance
and structure must always be considered. Positioning a barge is
a careful process, AKVA group do research on the weather in
the proposed location, the final direction in which the barge is
positioned is dependent on where the most challenging weather
comes from.
The BOC SOLVOX range

Better conditions for fish, cost efficiencies for
fish farmers.
BOC is a leading end-to-end supplier to fish farms, offering:

gas supply, specialist oxygenation and control equipment,
installation and consulting services.
Key Benefits
Reduced feed conversion rate
Reduced fish mortality
Improved growth rate
Higher stock densities
Contact us
UK www.BOConline.co.uk/aquaculture, Tel 0800 111 333
IE www.BOConline.ie/aquaculture, Tel 1890 355 255
Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 003
Above: Peter Parker and Darren Parris from the International

Aquafeed team, walk the steap gangway onto the deck of the
AC850 feed barge
Below: The Wavemaster AC850 Panorama is the worlds largest steel feed
barge with the storage potential of 850 tonnes of salmon feed and 12 parallel
feed lines.
"Judging by our
discussions with Mr Lara,
AKVA Group is growing;
the barges are growing in
size and capacity - with
up to 20 currently being
delivered globally per
year"
Control room
After finishing our drinks and receiving a brief introduction on how

this barge compares to the other barges AKVA group has produced,
we went downstairs to the control room. My first impressions were
that it felt like walking into the cockpit of a space shuttle, after seeing
this I was beginning to understand how the day prior, the AKVA group
COO of export, Trond Severinsen had told us that with this set up,
it would be possible to operate the entire barge with just one highly
skilled technician on board. This particular control room had three
desks and seats, each with three large monitors and an additional wall
full of screens displaying all necessary information in real time.
Garage
We made our way down to a room referred to as the garage. This

room had three memorable features, the first of which was a cupboard
where hot air from the blowers would pass through, Mr Lara said that
workers will store all of their wet clothing and boots here and they will
be completely dry within a few hours.
In this room we saw the first of many electronic tablets built into the
wall, these tablets were connected to the same AKVAconnect system
as the control room computers and would provide users with remote
access to much of the same information and controls.
In the corner were manual levers and stopcocks, in the unlikely
event of a fire or other emergency; these devices enable a user to
manually shut off air or diesel flow. When I asked Mr Lara if these
shut offs could be controlled by a remote, he said that they do not
currently offer this feature but there is potential for it in the future.
There was also an emergency stop electronics box. Fire extinguishers
It would be possible to operate the entire barge

from the control room with just one highly skilled
technician on board
"A typical barge does not exist - because

AKVA group aim to be as flexible as possible
with the customisation of each project"
were located all around the barge, in addition to multiple 360 degree
turning cameras.
With emergency plans posted throughout and a range of safety
specific instruments, this barge seems well equipped in terms of safety.
Storage room
As we travelled deeper into the barge we reached the storage

room, this barge has 16 integrated silos with the capacity to store 850
tonnes. 16 parallel feed lines are used in a 4 x Quattro system to
distribute feed to the cages, with a total feeding capacity of over 150
tonnes per day. Sometimes the feed travels up to 200 metres before it
is dispensed. This is achieved by using powerful air blowers.
Additionally, the blowers move air through cooling channels which
are in contact with water, this cooled air reaches regular steel material
pipes until they reach the silo cone where the doser is located, this
is done so the stainless pipes that transport the food are never over
heated.
Mr Lara gave us an astonishing fact at this point in the tour, even
with a storage capacity of 850 tonnes all of the barges storage can be
depleted in as short as one week. At which point a ship is required
to re-stock the barge.
One of the machines I thought was especially innovative were the
cleaning plug injectors, these devices were only introduced a year
ago. When there is up to 850 tonnes of feed being air propelled
through the pipes each week, naturally build-ups of dust from feed can
occur. The cleaning plug injectors are cylindrical pieces of equipment
that contain buoyant balls which have a diameter the same as the feed
pipes into the lines. The balls are blown through the pipes and remove
dust in the process. The balls are then left waiting in the respective nets
to be fished out by workers and returned back into the plug injector.
Ensilage
After the storage room we moved into a room decked out with
electric cabling and pneumatic tubes. In the centre of the room stood
what Mr Lara said could be understood in simple terms as a giant
blender. On average the daily mortality rate in the fish farms is around
2-3 percent. The dead fish are frequently collected from the bottom
of the net using the AKVAsmart Mort system and are then brought
back to this machine that breaks them down into slurry. Formic acid
is added to the mix in order to balance the pH of this protein rich
product that is then referred to and sold as Ensilage. On this particular
barge we were told that up to 60 tonnes of Ensilage can be stored at
any given time.
While this process might at first be perceived as distasteful to some,
it is actually an innovative approach to reducing waste and ultimately
developing a more efficient system as a whole.
Engine room
My impressions of the engine room were that it appeared to be
tidy, compact, and safe but very noisy. The blowers and machines in
operation meant we were unable to hear each other.
In the proceeding conversation Mr Lara explained to us that in
some countries there is legislation around the maximum decibels
that can be emitted. In response to this AKVA group have noise
insulated the engine room to decrease the level of decibels around
the barge, additionally any blowers located outside of the engine
room are contained in noise enclosures to reduce the volume.
Although not applicable on this particular barge, accommodation
is also insulated.
Harmonic filters are installed onboard to protect the wider electrical system of the barge from the harmonic effect, which is mainly
caused by the blowers.
Final thoughts
This AKVA group barge was produced for MarineHarvest, one of

the largest fish farming companies in the world. The complex componentry throughout was simplistically coded into four colours; red, yellow, grey, and green to catagorise their wide range of products. Judging
by our discussions with Mr Lara, AKVA Group is growing; the barges
are frequently growing in size and production, 20 of these barges are
delivered globally per year. It seems to me that flexibility, innovation
and open-mindedness are at the core of this company. Their barges
are truly bespoke.
Left to right: Peter Parker, Andres Lara (AKVA Group department
manager), Tom Blacker and Darren Parris (IAF team)
On the deck
Two hours later we were at the end of our tour. On the deck of
the barge the quality of technology was just as high as everything else
that we had seen below deck. As is required on a feed barge there was
a crane, customers are given the option of enabling remote control use
of this and are given the option of where they would like to position
it on the deck.
There is a small veterinary laboratory situated on the deck that has
the facilities to function as a means for inspecting fish.
Another point of interest was the bright yellow Feed selector valves
of the AKVAsmart CCS feed system. The AKVAsmart CCS has been
the worlds best selling feed system, for both land based and cage
operations for the past 30 years.
SUSTAINABLE
AQUACULTURE
SYSTEMS
WITH
PLYMOUTH
UNIVERSITY
Fortaleza, Brazil
Fortaleza - Brazil
Nov. 16-19, 2015
S
&
NC E
CIE
Y
INDUSTR joining force
s to
me
e
ts
ea
fo
o
em
d
an
s
The World Aquaculture Society (WAS) has decided to hold

the Annual Latin American & Caribbean Chapter,
WAS meeting (Lacqua 2015) and the first Regional World
Aquaculture 2015 (RWA15) in Fortaleza, Brazil. The Associao
Brasileira de Criadores de Camaro (ABCC) has decided to work
with WAS/LACC to join LACQUA15/RWA15 with FENACAM 15 including the XII International Shrimp Farming Symposium and the VIII
International Aquaculture Symposium.
Be the future of food security

MSc SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
Do you want to understand
the challenges of developing
aquaculture as a means of
sustainable food supply? Do you
want to do this in an established
and renowned Masters
programme within a vibrant
and international postgraduate
community? You will develop
an in-depth understanding
of fish, shellfish and algal

production with an emphasis
on nutrition, feed management,
health, welfare and the need for
sustainable technologies. You
will gain skills hands-on with a
focussed aquaculture research
project and undertake technical
training from nutritional analyses
to microbiome sequencing.
Programme Lead: Dr Daniel Merrifield

More info: www.plymouth.ac.uk/courses
@plymouthbiol
+44 1752 585858
admissions@plymouth.ac.uk
School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth
University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA
More info on
www.was.org
BRINGING TOGETHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR CUSTOMIZED AQUAFEED PROCESS SOLUTIONS.

Great things are done by a series of small things brought together.
Vincent Van Gogh
Wenger develops and assembles unique components

that allow our clients to meet specific industry and
application demands. Whether dictated by raw
material availability, species requirements, growth
stages or feeding habits, Wenger will tailor a system
to meet your specific needs.
If maximum volume is crucial, the Wenger TX-3000

High Capacity Aquafeed Extruder produces the
full range of products at capacities up to 12,000
kg/hour. Complement the TX-3000 with the High
Intensity Preconditioner (HIP) and use higher levels
of fish oil or slurries.
The Wenger C2TX Shrimp Feed Extruder with

unique die technology and high shear conditioning
is the superior choice for uniform, high density
aquatic feeds down to 0.8 mm in size.
Were ready to help you select the right tools.

Contact us now for industry-changing
designs backed by the leading name
in extrusion.
Turning ideas into opportunities.

PROGRESSIVE AQUAFEED PROCESSING
Imagine the possibilities

wenger.com
BELGIUM
Wenger15.InnovativeTools.Ad.210x147.indd 1
TAIWAN
BRASIL
CHINA
INDIA
6/24/15 5:51 PM
Aquafeed complete solutions from a single source. Turn to Bhler for one of the
most comprehensive lines of aquafeed process technology available anywhere:
from raw material handling, cooking and shaping through extrusion to drying
and coating of finished products. With an extensive know-how and a passion
for quality we ensure not only product uniformity and production efficiency, but
also maximum sanitation and safety. Bhler gentle processing at its best.
More at nutrition@buhlergroup.com
Innovations for a better world.
FEATURE
Microalgae
Different types of algae provide vital nutrients to rotifers,
copepods and larvae of finfish, shellfish and shrimp
by Dr Eric Henry, PhD, Research Scientist, Reed Mariculture Inc
icroalgae are the foundation supporting much of

the marine food chain, and they are the natural
food of filter-feeding organisms. Algae are therefore
essential for production of live feeds for larviculture
of finfish and shrimp. Thousands of species of microalgae are known
to science. They present an enormous range of cell sizes, cell
structures, biochemical constituents that determine their nutritional
value and digestibility, and they also vary widely in ease of culturing.
Microalgae can be very difficult, even impossible to identify to
species based on light microscopy alone, and different strain isolates
that appear identical may exhibit very different biochemical profiles
or behavior in culture. Careful consideration is therefore necessary
in order to select the most suitable strains for different larviculture
applications. Although many microalgae strains have been tested
as feeds, only about 20 are in widespread use. What follows can
be no more than a brief overview of the how these algae are most
commonly used in larviculture.
Rotifers
The rotifers used in aquaculture (species of the genus Brachionus)

are capable of ingesting particles as small as bacteria and as large as
1030 m; larger rotifers are capable of ingesting correspondingly
larger particles. Bacteria are too small to provide a significant source

of nutrients, with the possible exception of vitamins (e.g. B12). Rotifer
digestive systems are equipped with a unique grinding apparatus (mastax) that can mechanically disrupt yeast or algae cells, enabling rotifers
to thrive on algae that may not be digestible by other filter-feeders.
Rotifers can ingest inert particles, and yeast has often been used as an
inexpensive feed to maintain rotifer cultures. But the nutritional value
of rotifers as live feed for larval fish or shrimp is determined by the
quality of the feed used to produce the rotifers, and only algae feeds
can support high-density rotifer populations with optimal nutritional
profiles.
Many of the algae commonly used in aquaculture have been used to
successfully culture rotifers, at least for experimental studies, but by far
the most commonly used algae are strains of Chlorella, Nannochloropsis,
and Tetraselmis. These algae can be produced reliably and at relatively
low cost, but none can produce rotifers with an optimal nutritional
profile for many larvae. Their most conspicuous shortcoming is the
essential HUFAs (Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids) content, in particular
EPA and DHA, which for many fish are particularly important for nervous system development. Chlorella in particular lacks HUFAs, although
it can support excellent growth of rotifers. Nannochloropsis contains
high levels of EPA, and Tetraselmis moderate levels; both can support
excellent rotifer growth, but neither contains DHA. A Japanese com-
FEATURE
pany offers Chlorella that has been infused with DHA. However, the
sterol profile of Chlorella, like many other green algae such as Dunaliella
and Haematococcus, lacks cholesterol. Rotifers produced to feed
shrimp or crab larvae should instead be fed Nannochloropsis, which will
provide the cholesterol that is essential for these crustaceans.
Copepods
A diverse array of different copepod species are used in larviculture,

and they vary in their capacity to thrive on different algae. Some require
different algae at different stages of development. The most commonly
used algae are strains of the flagellates Isochrysis and Tetraselmis, and
the diatoms Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros. Some strains of Isochrysis
(most often the Tahitian strain or T-Iso, which has been recently
recognised as the new genus Tisochrysis) have supported growth and
development of some copepods through the entire life-cycle, but other
copepods require additional strains in their diet. This may be explained
by the fact that although Tisochrysis is widely used in aquaculture due
to its high levels of DHA, it lacks cholesterol, and some copepods have
the specific requirement for cholesterol that has been documented in
many other crustaceans.
Diatoms, especially strains of Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros, have
seen wide use in copepod culture, although some studies have
concluded that diatoms can harm copepods, or that a diatom diet
requires supplementation with cholesterol. Such broad generalisations
ignore the great biochemical diversity among diatoms; for example,
very few contain significant cholesterol, but some of these can have
high levels.
Bivalves
Although bivalve aquaculture relies on natural phytoplankton for

market production, cultured algae are essential for larviculture in
hatcheries. Cultured algae are also often used for nursery culture
of spat and later juvenile stages, and for improving the condition of
broodstock for spawning. The algae most widely used for bivalves
include strains of Nannochloropsis (mostly for mussels), the diatoms
Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros, and the flagellates Tetraselmis, Isochrysis
(including Tisochrysis) and Pavlova.
Pavlova strains are known to have a high HUFA content. In addition,
there is a widespread impression among bivalve hatchery operators
that Pavlova imparts an unknown special benefit as a larviculture feed,
and hatcheries expend extra effort to provide Pavlova despite frequent

culture difficulties. It may be that the peculiar beneficial effects are not
due to the HUFA content, which is not markedly different from what
can be provided by combinations of other algae. Different Pavlova
strains contain a remarkably diverse range of unusual sterols. Research
with scallop larvae indicates that several Pavlova strains produce a sterol
Your global technology process supplier

for the aqua feed industry
ANDRITZ is one of the worlds
leading suppliers of techno
logies, systems, and services
relating to advanced indu
strial equipment for the aqua
feed industry. With an in-depth
knowledge of each key process, we can supply a compatible and homogeneous solution
from raw material intake to finis
hed feed bagging.
ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel A/S

Europe, Asia, and South America: andritz-fb@andritz.com
USA and Canada: andritz-fb.us@andritz.com
www.andritz.com
FEATURE
larvae, as has been demonstrated in cod, turbot, halibut, and clownfish.
Other beneficial effects of algae have been reported, such as stimulation of digestive activity and immune responses. Suppression of toxic
Vibrio bacteria by Tetraselmis and Isochrysis has also been reported.
Nannochloropsis is the most commonly used greenwater alga,
because of its low cost and small cell size that imparts a low sinking
rate, which ensures that it remains in suspension. It is also an excellent feed for the rotifers often used as first-feed for larvae, helping to
maintain the nutritional value of the rotifers until the larvae can consume them. But Nannochloropsis contains no DHA, and is difficult for
many organisms to digest, so other larger-celled and more digestible
algae such as Tisochrysis with its high DHA content, or algae such as
Tetraselmis with its significant taurine content, may prove to function as
more effective as feeds for larvae.
How to choose optimal algal feeds?
that is a structural analog of an arthropod molting hormone, ecdysone,

and it induces metamorphosis in larvae. This is a very unexpected
phenomenon, and it is a reminder that there remain many gaps in our
knowledge of how microalgae may affect the biology of bivalves.
Shrimp
Shrimp aquaculture exploits a variety of shrimp and prawn species,

many of which have been the subject of larval feeding studies. Caution
is therefore required when generalising findings to all shrimp, but some
useful conclusions can be drawn.
Larvae of shrimp naturally feed primarily on microalgae, and use
of algae as sole feed or co-feed with larger prey can often be beneficial well into postlarval stages. The most commonly used algae
are strains of Isochrysis Tetraselmis, Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros.
Because most shrimp production is carried out in very large-scale
culture systems, very large amounts of algae are required, putting a
premium on algae capable of maintaining high growth rates under
mass-production conditions. Diatoms have proved to perform
particularly well in shrimp facilities. This may be attributable in large
part to the fact that the silica cell wall of diatoms functions as a
pH buffer at the cell surface, enhancing the activity of extracellular carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme that converts bicarbonate to
carbon dioxide. This mechanism greatly enhances photosynthesis in
the relatively high pH (8.5 and above) prevailing in vigorous algae
cultures.
Finfish
When larval fish consume live zooplankton prey, they are gaining
nutrition that originated from the feed
consumed by the live
prey, most often algae.
However, an additional, often overlooked
contribution
from
algae is direct consumption of algae by
the larvae. No doubt
some of the beneficial
effects of greenwater (addition of algae
to larviculture tanks)
can be attributed to
consumption
and
assimilation of algae by
Although various nutritional components have been documented in

many algae strains, complete nutritional profiles are known for very few
of them, so it can difficult to predict which strains are the best choices
for a particular application. It is unfortunate that so many studies of
the nutritional performance of microalgae have tested only one or
two strains in each trial, because one or two strains are unlikely to
provide an optimal nutritional profile comparable to that provided by
the natural mixed phytoplankton assemblages that filter feeders have
evolved to exploit.
It is equally unfortunate that so many feeding studies have failed
to clearly identify the particular strains of the algae that were used.
Although the HUFA contents of many strains have by now been welldocumented, sterol profiles have been more challenging to characterize because there is far more strain-to-strain variation, even among
strains supposedly of the same species. Additional uncertainties arise
because the nutritional profiles of even well-known strains of microalgae can be strongly influenced by culture conditions, including light
regime, temperature, nutrient (e.g. nitrogen, phosphate) availability,
and the growth phase of the culture (exponential, stationary, declining)
when harvested. All these sources of variability in the nutrient value of
algae can lead to apparently contradictory findings among studies using
ostensibly the same algae.
Nevertheless, these findings are not useless. Reports of the efficacy
of certain strains of algae are likely to indicate the most promising candidates for subsequent trials. Successful trials establish that the strains
can provide good nutrition. Contradictory negative results are then
most likely to indicate that failure was caused by some unidentified
factors in the trials, not the intrinsic qualities of the strains. Much work
remains to be done, but well designed feeding studies will continue to
refine our understanding of how algae can be used more effectively in
larviculture.
www.reedmariculture.com.
FEATURE
Microalgae
Q&A
with Reed Mariculture
Inc founder and
President Tim Reed
by Olivia Holden, International Aquafeed Magazine
eed Mariculture Inc (RMI) was

founded in 1995 by Tim Reed to
grow "tank raised" bivalve shellfish.
Tim's concept was to produce the
first commercially available shellfish that was
raised on land, not in the ocean, producing a
product that would be completely safe from
toxins such as red tide algae, bacteria blooms,
viruses, sewage run-off, and toxic metals.
Reed Mariculture developed tank raised
shellfish technology for three years and during
this same time developed and refined the
technology for large-scale grow out of marine
microalgae, which is the feed for shellfish.
In 1998 RMI determined that there was a
more lucrative market in selling the microalgae
directly to other hatcheries and shut down all
shellfish operations. RMI's core technology is
a proprietary closed-system photobioreactor
design that allows microalgae to be grown
in laboratory sterile conditions. This technology is radically different than the open-pond
technology used for growing freshwater species of microalgae such as Spirulina, Chlorella,
Haematococcus, and Chlamydomonas.
In 2003, RMI expanded its product focus
from microalgae to a broader range of larviculture products with the introduction of live
zooplankton (rotifers, copepods, and Mysid
shrimp) and by distributing products such
as ClorAm-X (for ammonia control) and
Otohime Feeds (Japanese weaning diets).
In 2004, RMI entered the home aquarium
market with the introduction of the PhytoFeast products. Phyto-Feast is a super concentrate of marine microalgae formulated for
feeding exotic filter feeders such as clams,
corals, sponges, and tunicates that are popular
in marine reef tanks.
In 2005, RMI expanded their offerings
into the Marine Ornamental industry with

the Reef Nutrition product line. This product
line includes marine microalgae, macroalgae,
rotifers, copepods, mysid shrimp.
Reed Mariculture is now the world's largest producer of marine microalgae concentrates. The Instant Algae larviculture feeds
are used by over 500 hatcheries, universities,
and marine ornamental operations in more
than 70 countries around the world. We also
produce zooplankton, copepods, and weaning
feeds.
I was able to talk at some length with RMI
founder, Tim Reed about what captivated his
interest in aquaculture and how his passion
has been the main driver behind the expansion of Reed Mariculture Inc from its origins in
1995 to where it is today.
IAF: Could you tell us a little bit about your
background and what sparked an interest in
the aquaculture industry?
TR: What sparked my interest was discovering
the amazing taste of razor clams! After college
I was working on a factory trawler and on a
trip to Chile I was introduced to razor clams.
That fueled a dream to start a land-based farm
to grow high-value bivalves to sell into the
San Francisco market, which required large
amounts of marine microalgae.
IAF: You set up and founded Reed
Mariculture in 1995. The company is now
the worlds largest producer of marine
microalgae concentrates used by over 500
hatcheries in more than 90 countries. Can
you tell us a bit more about the genesis of
the company and its evolution?
TR: When Reed Mariculture Inc (RMI) was
founded in 1995, my goal was to produce the
first commercially available, biosecure shellfish

raised on land. We developed tank-raised
shellfish technology for three years, and during
this same time we developed and refined the
technology for large-scale grow-out of marine
microalgae - the feed for shellfish.
RMI's core technology was and remains to
this day a proprietary, closed-system photobioreactor design that allows microalgae to
be grown in controlled conditions. In 1998 we
determined that selling our microalgae directly
to other hatcheries was a more lucrative
market, and we shut down all shellfish operations. We innovated a line of refrigerated
microalgae concentrates for hatcheries called
Instant Algae that provide algae when you
need it.
In 2003 we expanded our larviculture product
line with the introduction of live zooplankton
(rotifers, copepods, and mysid shrimp), and by
distributing products for ammonia control and
Japanese weaning and juvenile diets. In 2004
RMI entered the home aquarium market with
the introduction of the Phyto-Feast products-super-concentrates of marine microalgae formulated for feeding coral, clams and
other popular, marine reef tank filter feeders.
We expanded into the marine ornamental
industry with the Reef Nutrition product line, which includes marine microalgae,
macroalgae, rotifers, copepods, Mysis shrimp
and other feeds. In 2011 Reed Mariculture
launched a new product line, APBreed, to
provide customised solutions for the unique
needs of aquarists, propagators and breeders
based on our advanced hatchery products.
IAF: A passion for the uses and applications
of algae in aquaculture obviously lies at the
heart of your work. Can you tell us more
FEATURE
about the process of how microalgae is
grown?
TR: Unlike traditional algae systems, we use
proprietary, closed, recirculating photobioreactor design that allows microalgae to be
grown in controlled conditions, miles from
any vectors of contamination. Our proprietary
harvest and concentration processing then
retains intact whole cells that retain all their
nutritional value, while at the same time rendering them non-viable.
IAF: What comprises your current product
range and applications?
TR: We are the plankton people - both
microalgae and zooplankton. We grow and
supply hatcheries with a variety of marine
microalgae-based feeds for many types of
larvae, including finfish, bivalves, crustaceans
and ornamentals. We also supply microalgae
for rotifers and copepods to nourish finfish
and other larvae. In addition, we grow and
supply three strains of live rotifers and three
strains of live copepods, and supply mysid
shrimp and artemia.
We are known for our Instant Algae products that provide algae when you need
it. Instant Algae has all the advantages and
characteristics of live algae without the large
investment of infrastructure, time and labor
required to grow it yourself. These biosecure
concentrates and custom blends of the most

effective algae for larvae growth and survival
can be used as a complete feed replacement
or as a nutritional supplement, and provide
insurance against a crash. The algal cells are
non-viable but intact whole cells that retain all
their nutritional value, which in turn provides
maximum nourishment to the larvae. We also
supply eight species of algae including four
species of diatoms, plus Isochrysis, Tetraselmis,
Pavlova and Nannochloropsis.
For finfish, our RotiGrow product line
includes three all-in-one growth and enrichment feeds with varying levels of DHA. The
nutrition from the algae in these products is
incorporated into the tissue of the rotifers,
not merely the gut, and the whole, intact
cell of the microalgae encapsulates all of the
nutrients, resulting in a cleaner tank, less waste
and greater value. For bivalves, we produce
Shellfish Diet, a superior feed that is a blend
of algae for broodstock maturation, first feeding larvae, setting and spat grow-out.
As a complement to the feeds we grow
and produce, we also carry a number of
support products including Otohime - a high
quality Japanese larval weaning and juvenile
feed, TDO Chroma Boost, a pellet fish
food "top-dressed" with Haematococcus for
vibrant color and superior nutrition, as well as
ClorAm-X for ammonia control and a small
assortment of specialty zooplankton growing

equipment.
IAF: What products do you offer specifically
for shrimp, one of the biggest exports in
Asia-Pacific?
TR: Several of our single-species Instant Algae
concentrates are used in shrimp production: Thalassiosira weisflogii and pseudonana, Chaetocerous B and calcitrans, and
Tetraselmis. All provide algae when you need
it, in the form of clean, bio-secure nutrition
for shrimp. Instant Algae is currently most
often used as a biosecure supplement to algae
grown on site, but we are currently working
on the development of blended algal products
nutritionally optimised to be available as a
complete algae replacement.
IAF: You also supply to the home and commercial aquarium market. What is exciting
about this for you?
TR: Not everyone realises that the needs of
home and public aquariums are very similar
to the needs of hatcheries. They all need
microalgae and zooplankton, which is what
we specialise in. We provide clean, biosecure,
microalgal and zooplankton feeds that are
convenient and easy for home hobbyists and
aquariums to use. What is really exciting is
how our feeds are helping cutting-edge fish
FEATURE
and ornamental breeders, who are trying to
commercialise various hard-to-raise animals
and expand the markets for them. Their successes will ultimately result in greatly reducing
or eliminating the need for wild capture and
its devastation of natural habitats.
IAF: In what way does Reed Mariculture
work with academics and Universities to
further and share knowledge?
TR: We supply feed to hundreds of university
programs that are pushing the envelope in
aquaculture technology. They are never shy
about giving us feedback on how we can
improve our products and telling us what their
custom blends to meet their animals specific

nutritional requirements. We refer all technical questions to our phycologists and live
feed specialists who take the time to answer
questions. We also solicit feedback from our
customers to ensure that we are meeting or
exceeding their needs.
IAF: Sustainability is obviously a very pressing issue as the demand for more food
grows. How is Reed Mariculture engaging
with sustainability?
TR: As the supply of fish and shellfish,
and more importantly larvae and seed
from the wild, become harder to come by,
tainability point of view, our closed, recirculating systems are highly efficient. We have near
-0- wastewater, and no discharge. Traditional
open pond and batch culture systems lose
considerable amounts of water through evaporation, and there are not always effective
means for cleaning residual water and making
it reusable. As aquaculture grows to meet
the requirements of the coming decades, the
ability to produce algae sustainably will be
critically important.
IAF: What do you perceive to be the biggest
challenges facing the aquaculture industry
today?
"Aquaculture is a special
community of scientist farmers
who thrive on innovating,
nurturing and getting their
hands wet. If this kind of thing
is your passion, aquaculture
can be the most rewarding
adventure of a lifetime"
unmet needs are. We have developed and

maintained close, collaborative relationships
with these programs for decades.
IAF: Client care and technical support lies
at the heart of any successful business. How
does Reed ensure this is achieved?
TR: We pride ourselves on our customer
service and are committed to going above
and beyond to support our customers whether its to get the product out in a timely
way to hard-to-reach locations, providing
technical assistance in emergency situations,
or collaborating with customers to develop
aquaculture is going to increasingly turn to

land-based hatchery larviculture for traditional food sources and new species. Reed
Mariculture has the clean, highly nutritious
feeds that are needed to support this transition. We also see ourselves playing a role in a
future with healthier reef ecosystems. When
ornamentals arent predominately collected
from the wild, creating massive damage to
delicate reef life, but are increasingly raised
in hatcheries and farms, reefs can be saved
from destruction, opening up the possibility
of restoration.
In terms of our own production from a sus-
TR: The biggest challenges across all sectors of

aquaculture are: increasing hatchery production, improving hatchery technology, and the
availability of high quality, healthy, clean larvae/
seed that will perform well in grow-out.
IAF: And finally, what is the one piece of
advice you would give anybody looking to
work in the aquaculture field?
TR: Aquaculture is a special community of
scientist farmers who thrive on innovating,
nurturing and getting their hands wet. If this
kind of thing is your passion, aquaculture can
be the most rewarding adventure of a lifetime.
FEATURE
Images courtesy of Rotterdam Marketing, the Dutch Mussel Promotion Board and Holland Aqua B.V.
AE2015 JOIN US IN THE NETHERLANDS
easonline.org
Organised by the European Aquaculture Society in cooperation
with IMARES Wageningen UR
AE2015 Gold
Sponsor
Is your fish ready?
AQUA RANGE
Die and roll re-working machines
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Phone: +45 75 14 22 55
Fax: +45 82 28 91 41
mail: info@oj-hojtryk.dk
O&J Hjtryk A/S

rnevej 1, DK-6705
Esbjerg
CVR.: 73 66 86 11
Providing proficient tools to achieve

cost-effective and sustainable
aquaculture practices
T. +34 91 501 40 41 info@norel.net www.norel.net

OJ_qp_new.indd 1
23/01/2015 14:51
EXPERT TPIC
EXPERT TOPIC
KRILL
Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look
at a particular species and how its feed is managed.
EXPERT TPIC
1 What do we know about krill?

by Malachi Stone, International Aquafeed Magazine
ess than you might think, and certainly less than we should, considering
its vital importance to many marine
ecosystems.
Euphausia superba (probably the most
important species commercially) is to be
found within a wide but asymmetric band of
water completely encircling the continent of
Antarctica, narrowest in the area south of the
Pacific Ocean.
However, the actual distribution of individuals within this area is often rather hard
to determine. Although there is evidence to
suggest they are relatively strong swimmers, it
appears they are still very much at the mercy
of ocean currents, which have been known
to sweep them into superswarms as large as
450km2.
Estimates of global krill biomass have
varied widely over the years, between about
a hundred to around a billion metric tonnes.
Hence, the great difficulty in assessing how
far stocks have fallen in the past decades.
Estimates vary from 38 to 75 percent per
decade since 1976.
Even the lower of these two figures is
worrying. Why? Because krill are pretty much
the foundation of the Antarctic Ocean's food

web. They eat phytoplankton, and are in turn
eaten by a vast number of marine mammals,
fish, birds and cephalopods. If they go, as far
as we can see, a great deal of the ecosystem
goes with them.
Krill prefer to eat phytoplankton, but will
accept a wide variety of foodstuffs, including
their own shed skins and even their own
faeces. Cannibalism is also not unheard of:
eggs, larvae and adults alike, should the necessity arise.
Captured krill should be processed within

three hours, otherwise the meat becomes
tainted by their own internal organs. The
protein content is high - 40 to 80 percent
dry weight - yet some studies have shown a
lower growth-rate in fish fed protein sourced
only from krill, compared to those obtaining it
from fishmeal.
Source: FAO
EXPERT TPIC
Antarctic Krill
Krill, Euphausia superba, are
shrimp-like crustaceans. Antarctic
krill live in the coldest and most
pristine waters on Earth, free of
contaminants and environmental
pollution. Krill has documented
properties, is continuously
researched and is sustainably fished.
Proven properties
Fisheries harvest Antarctic Krill in the

Southern Ocean where the krill both breed
and live. The krill can become six centimeters
long and weigh up to two grams. They have
large black eyes and translucent pink shells.
Krill are harvested to produce krill meal
as an ingredient for aquaculture feeds and
pet food. It also has great health benefits for
human consumption.
Krill in fish feed has unique properties. Krill
meal contains a range of essential nutrients
for shrimp and fish, including essential amino
acids, feed attractants, and cholesterol. The
highly bioavailable phospholipid Omega-3
fatty acids, the powerful antioxidant astaxanthin and high quality proteins speed up
growth, improve the fishes heart health and
the filet yield and quality.
Scientific studies document that fishes with
diets that contain krill had increased growth,
feed uptake and higher yield. In a major commercial-scale project, salmon were fed BioMar
feed with krill, called Quick. The fish were
compared to those that had not received
Quick. The fish that received feed containing
Quick offered a higher slaughter yield and a
higher fillet yield. The firmness of the fillet was
greater and the gaping was lower in fish that
was fed Quick. The improvements in the filet
quality could be of major importance.
Many animal studies have been performed

with krill meal. Krill has health benefits for
dogs. Recently, Aker BioMarine launched Qrill
Pet in Europe and it will soon also become
available in the US and other markets. Just
like krill has many health benefits for fish and
shrimp, research indicates health benefits for
pets.
Krill oil has been available as a dietary
supplement for approximately ten years. The
majority of the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and
DHA) in krill oil are bound to a particular type
of fat called phospholipids. Krill oil significantly
improves the omega-3 index (percentage of
EPA and DHA in the red blood cell membrane). The functions of EPA and DHA in
the human body are many. Among other
functions, they promote a healthy heart, and
help normalise triglyceride and blood pressure
levels. DHA in particular also contributes to
normal brain function and vision.
Clean product based on

ongoing scientific research
Krill is one of the largest biomasses in

the world. There are hundreds of million
tons of Antarctic krill around Antarctica in
the Southern Ocean. The majority of the
krill industry operates in Area 48 where
krill lives in large schools. This makes them
easy to fish and a particularly appealing food
source.
Antarctic krill depend on sea ice for their
habitat. They start life as microscopic eggs
spawned at the ocean surface. They sink to
grow, hatch and then swim to the surface
where they feed.
A female krill can lay up to 10 000 eggs,
several times during the short Antarctic summer. When the newly hatched larvae arrive
at the ocean surface in the autumn they
must eat fast, so they can survive the long
ice-covered winter. Krill larvae eat ice-trapped
algae. In spring, the ice melts and the larvae
are released into the open ocean where they

begin to form schools like the adults.
Krill mature at two years old and can live
up to 11 years. Adult krill can live anywhere
between the surface layer and the seafloor,
from shallow areas to deep ocean sea. They
migrate between the surface at night and the
deep waters during the day, remaining in the
dark. The currents, tides and storms affect the
schools of krill.
The Southern Ocean is home to thousands of different marine life species, all
dependent on each other in a vulnerable ecosystem. Antarctic krill is in the middle of the
food chain between the microscopic plants
and animals, and the larger animals. Krill are
food for humpback whales, fish and penguins.
Despite all of this, there is still a lot that
is unknown about krill. The fisheries active in
the Antarctic focus their research on gathering
scientific data. However, with harsh conditions, the scientific vessels are only present
in Antarctic for a short period of time every
year. The Association of Responsible Krill
Fishing Companies (ARK), an organisation
developed to promote research for the sustainable harvest of Antarctic krill, encourages
krill fishing vessels to host scientists and collect
scientific data. Aker BioMarine gets monthly
and haul-by-haul data from the fishery, and
carries scientific international observers. This
provides information on krill stocks, and
expands the knowledge of stock dynamics.
With this knowledge, all parties will have
a better understanding of the Antarctics
ecosystem.
Krill populations vary in size from year
to year. And in extreme circumstances, krill
shortages have affected the breeding of seals
and penguins. In other areas of the Antarctic,
it has been difficult to link the krill population
fluctuation with the health of the seal and
penguin population.
The current assessment process of the krill
EXPERT TPIC
population does not include seasonal changes
in stock size, natural fluctuations in krill abundance and the effect of climate change (for
example, warmer and more acidic oceans) on
krill. The main challenge is to get a synoptic
survey of the Antarctic krill. These data points
need to be collected to better understand the
ecosystem and protect it.
In 2015, scientists, businesses and environmental organisations decided to address the
lack of information about the Antarctic and
its ecosystems, and established the Antarctic
Wildlife Research Fund (AWR). AWR is
an opportunity to monitor the impacts of
krill fishing and conduct further ecological
research on krill. The independent scientific
experts and their data will fill the critical gap
in research and monitoring.
A sustainable industry
is a serious industry
Companies that harvest krill are entrusted

to care for and handle the krill they fish in a
responsible manner. Aker BioMarines vessels,
Antarctic Sea and Saga Sea, use Pelagic trawls
with its proprietary eco-friendly harvesting
technology. This is paramount to its activity.
The Eco-Harvesting system harvests live krill
on demand. The systems hose, between the
trawl and the vessel, allows the fishing net to
stay underwater during the entire operation.
As the net is not hauled and shot, this mini-
mises interactions between the net and krill

surface predators, especially seals and birds.
At the opening of the net, a fine-mesh
screen excludes unwanted by-catch (nonkrill). The vessel also moves very slowly in the
water to allow fish and other species caught
in the net to easily swim out. This novel
harvesting method, combined with independent observers, catch reports and underwater
cameras, and assure that only 0.2 percent
of the catch composition are species other
than krill. This method, and the fact that the
products are swiftly produced, ensure that the
products are of the highest quality. Although
Aker BioMarines technology is recognised as
the industry-leading standard, Aker BioMarine
is always looking to see how they can improve
to work as a sustainably and ecofriendly as
possible.
Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), an
international non-profit organisation with an
independent certifying body and a public
assessment process, has developed sustainable fishing and seafood traceability standards.
To be certified, MSC assesses the fishery management, its impact on the stock on species
dependent on the krill, while monitoring the
wider ecosystem. In 2015, MSC re-certified
Aker BioMarines krill fishery as sustainable
and 100 percent traceable, allowing the fishery to carry the distinct blue eco-label on its
products.
When exploratory krill fishing began in the

1960s, catch levels were low compared with
the 1980s when commercial fisheries caught
more than half a million tons of krill. This
raised concerns that fisheries would deplete
local krill stocks.
To protect the ecosystem, the Convention
of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
(CCAMLR) was signed. This international
"Krill is one of the largest

biomasses in the world.
There are hundreds of
million tons of Antarctic
krill around Antarctica in
the Southern Ocean"
treaty continues to oversee krill fishing with
24 members, including six countries that fish
for krill. In advance of each season, CCAMLR
requires vessels to annually notify their fishing
area and potential catches.
With a shared commitment to protect
the Antarctic krill, support scientists in their
endeavor to learn more about this bountiful,
but not unlimited, resource, the properties of krill meal and oil can continue to be
researched and documented.
Why use fish feed from
ALLER AQUA
-
it helps you achieve healthy fish

it supports fast growth and low FCR
Temperature Adapted Feeds are free of charge
you get continously tested feeds made from raw
materials of the highest quality
- Lets grow together!

ALLER AQUA T. +45 70 22 19 10 INFO@ALLER-AQUA.COM WWW.ALLER-AQUA.COM
EXPERT TPIC
3
Antarctic Krill
and accelerated
growth rates
Aquaculture feeds frequently
have several different ingredients
with independent and combined
benefits. Feed for farmed shrimp,
salmon and marine fish share
one aim to improve the feeding
response, says Nils Einar Aas,
Sales Director, Aker BioMarine
Antarctic. Antarctic krill meal
from (Euphausia superba) is a
feed ingredient that does exactly
this. It accelerates growth. And
accelerating growth at the right time
promotes filet quality and in addition
quantity in terms of fat content,
pH, colour, firmness and gaping.
by Olivia Holden, International Aquafeed
Magazine
hat is good for the

consumer can be good for
the producer. Accelerated
growth
is
profitable
because greater weight leads to higher value.
Accelerated growth reduces production
time, which reduces working capital in production and increases profitability.
Feeds are composed differently and each
ingredient has attributes that are carefully
considered in amounts and quality. Fish feed
is often made from a mix of maize, soya and
other commodities, various ingredients and
micronutrients. Certain ingredients acceler-
ate growth and improve performance; still

others replace more costly fishmeal, fish oil,
soy lecithin and cholesterol. Many feeds try to
speed up growth, increase yield and improve
the quality.
Aquaculture feeds raw materials and
ingredients prices vary widely. Prices usually
reflect the value given to the feed and the
actual supply and demand situation. Raw
materials with higher value are often nutrient
dense, contain high quality nutrients, have
one or more essential nutrients and they can
bring additional value to a product like taste
or colour.
A powerful and pure ingredient

from pristine waters
Studies document performance
Studies and controlled trials for a range of

species confirm that shrimp, salmonids and
marine fish fed with krill grow faster than the
control groups that are fed with feed excluding krill.
Increased growth during the smolt phase
has implications for entire growth until harvest. From May to August 2007, a smolt
experiment with QrillTM was conducted at
Norways Avery research station. Nofima
Marines research centre conducted the study
on juvenile salmon following their transfer out
to sea pens. Salmon were fed feed containing
15 percent and seven percent QrillTM Aqua
against a control group. Qrill contain a range
of functional and essential marine nutrients for
aquaculture species, including 40 percent of
Generally speaking, krill is a minor percentage of the feed

but it demonstrates
major effects: improved
health and rapid growth.
Harvested from the
Antarctics pristine waters
(around Area 48), krill
provides essentials for
health: highly bioavailable
phospholipid Omega 3
fatty acids, the powerful
antioxidant Astaxanthin,
and high quality proteins.
Krill solves an important
problem: how to accelFigure 2: Influence of Qrill as a finisher diet on salmon thermal growth
erate growth, says Aas.
EXPERT TPIC
the lipid content in the form of phospholipids. place between May 2013 and January, days, the salmon fed with 10 percent Qrill
It contains a balance of essential amino acids, 2014. Here 14 groups at five sites in had Thermal Growth rate of 4.41 and the
fatty acids, feed attractants, Astaxanthin and Norway, totalling 260-farmed salmon, controlled 3.95.
healthy cholesterol. And the effects upon were tested. Some were fed BioMar
QuickTM another feed with krill, and
growth are immediate.
During the smolt phase, feed intake, others not. Nofirma, one of Europes
salmon weight and faecal samples (indicating largest institutes for applied research
digestibility) were monitored daily. The find- within the field of fisheries, aquaculture
ings show significant increased feed intake in and food, analysed the results. Salmon
groups with Qrill diets. The control salmon fed Quick weighed significantly more
grew 163g/fish, whereas salmon fed feed with than the control group (4.6kg and
7.5 percent Qrill grew 211g/fish; and salmon 4.3 kg respectively). In addition to
fed 15 percent grew 226 g/fish. In relation to the weight, the feed with krill stimuthe control group, 7.5 percent Qrill increased lated the development of more and
growth 30 percent; 15 percent Qrill increased firmer muscle. Independent studies
at Norways Aquaculture Protein
salmon growth 39 percent.
Three months after the studys start-up, Centre showed that dietary krill
the average weight of the control salmon was meal stimulated feed intake and
267 grams, but the average Qrill fed salmon growth in salmon.
was 326 grams. This translates to impressive
accelerated growth: 18 percent for 7.5 per- Krill as a finisher diet
cent Qrill feed and 23 percent for 15 percent
Krill has promising properties as a fin- Krills unique attributes
Qrill feed.
isher diet in medium size Atlantic salmon. It
There are several attributes that make
Study results show significant increased increases the filet quality and the slaughter krill accelerate growth. Its biological features
feed intake in groups fed diets with Qrill.
weight, which increases the income. In help accelerate the shrimp or fishes growth.
The research reinforces documentation short, it leads to a short turn around time The krills protein for example is known to
lture | 2015
Ad Campaign
A | Version:
1 growth. In addition, krill acts as a feed
that Hatchery
Qrill enhances
nutrition and| Theme:
growth. Ad-2
from Ian
the Jefferds
investment| Design:
to the return
on boost
Larger
and
more
robust
fish
in
the
critical
investment.
A
study
conducted
by
Aker
attractant
and stimulant. It also increases feed
ernational Aquafeed | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm
phase where salmon are placed in the sea BioMarine had two diets: one with 30 uptake. This unique combination of attributes
lowers mortality and morbidity.
percent fishmeal and one where 10 per- is what solves more than one problem - it
Another commercial scale project took cent Qrill replaced the fishmeal. After 40 accelerates healthy growth.
Shellf ish Diet
www.ReedMariculture.com
CALIFORNIA, USA
INSTANT ALGAE ALGAE WHEN YOU NEED IT
Shellfish Diet has allowed us to remotely set our mussel

larvae and feed them a healthy and consistent diet.
With the hatchery space and diet in demand for oysters,
we have been able to continue our mussel sets remotely
by using the Shellfish Diet.
Ian Jefferds, Owner & General Manager, Penn Cove
Shellfish, LLC, Puget Sound, Washington, USA
Concentrated, liquid feed Blend of 6 algae Same nutritional value as live algae
Order Shellfish Diet to ensure repeatable production results.

Reed Mariculture
E N S U R I N G H A T C H E R Y S U C C E S S
TOLL - FREE :
1- 877-732-3276
+1-408-377-1065
FAX : +1-408-884-2322
VOICE :
2015 REED MARICULTURE, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. INSTANT ALGAE, ENSURING HATCHERY SUCCESS AND SHELLFISH DIET ARE TRADEMARKS OR REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF REED MARICULTURE INC.
DANIE
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Offshore Mariculture Conference Mexico

www.offshoremariculture.com/mexico
30 Sept - 01 Oct 2015
3rd NordicRAS Workshop on Recirculating

Aquaculture Systems
www.nordicras.net
14-16 October 2015
Aqua Fisheries Myanmar 2015

www.myanmar-aquafisheries.com
19-22 October 2015
AQUA 2015
www.cna-ecuador.com/aquaexpo/
20-23 October 2015
Aquaculture Europe 2015

www.easonline.org
27-29 October 2015

SEAFEX
www.seafexme.com
5-7 November 2015

Expo Pesca & Acuiperu
www.thaiscorp.com
16-19 November 2015

Fenacam & Lacqua 2015
http://marevent.com
19-21 November 2015
Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show

www.taiwanfishery.com
22-26 February 2016

Aquaculture 2016
www.was.org
26-29 February 2016
Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016

www.was.org
15-17 March 2016
Oceanology International
www.oceanologyinternational.com
25-26 May 2016
Aquaculture UK 2016
http://aquacultureuk.com
04-06 June 2016
FutureFish Eurasia 2016

www.future-fish.com
NEWS SERVICE
Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Bangladesh,

China, India, Vietnam, Myanmar, etc.
Co-located events this year include Livestock
Myanmar, the Processing and Exporting Seafood
Show and conferences and seminars where visitors get to interact with the experts.
Myanmar Convention Centre (MCC), Yangon,

Myanmar - 9:00AM 5:00PM on October 1416,
2015
qua Fisheries Myanmar will provide
a great commercial platform for
exhibitors and visitors from all
related fields to make new contacts,
communicate and explore prospects for
business cooperation and establish a foothold
in the growing market that is Myanmar.
Aqua Fisheries Myanmar 2015 expects participants from more than 20 countries from
Germany, UK, France, Thailand, Taiwan, Hong
Highlight scientific seminars:
Crisis management in agriculture, aqua fisheries, livestock production

GLOBAL GAP food safety, sustainability and
global market access
Supply chain establishment and movement for
agriculture, aqua fisheries, livestock products
Processing Seafood Show Program:
- Myanmar Fisheries Development Forum
- Fish cooking competition
- Pick up target visitors from main processing and manufacturing plant on 13 October
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
Aquaculturists
Second International
Exhibition and Conference
on Aquaculture and Fisheries
for Myanmar
i i i i i i
i
i i
Find more event stories at the
he Latin American and Caribbean

Aquaculture
Conference
(LACQUA15) this year is being
organised together with the Feira
Nacional do Camaro 2015 (FENACAM15)
and the South American Regional Aquaculture
(SARA15).
Following the successful previous conferences held in Brazil (World Aquaculture 2003,
in Salvador, and World Aquaculture 2011, in
Natal), the World Aquaculture Society, its Latin
American and Caribbean Chapter (WAS/LACC)
and the Associao Brasileira de Criadores de
Camaro (ABCC) are joining forces to prepare
a high quality conference and an updated producer program in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, during
November 16-19, 2015.
The FENACAM15, LACQUA15, SARA15
will bring together aquaculture farmers, entrepreneurs and experts of the entire Latin American
region and the world. In addition to a scientific conference, a strong program dedicated to
stakeholders and the industry sector is being
organised.
Over 150 booths are expected in the
international trade show, and parallel symposia will gather the productive sector to
discuss the technical and practical advances
that are guiding the development of aquacul-
i i i i i i
i i
i
21 September 2015
i i i i i i
i i
i
Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition and

Feed Management Short Course
http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion
ture and the foundations to overcome their

challenges.
The organising team, headed by ABCC and
the LACC-WAS, expects more than 3000 professionals of the aquaculture sector to be present
in the meeting in Fortaleza.
The participants will be able to attend several
keynote lectures offered by well-known experts
from around the world, as well as to exchange
research ideas and to analyse business options of
an important array of worldwide companies that
will be present.
The FENACAM15, LACQUA15, SARA15
will congregate LACQUA technical sessions, the
XII International Shrimp Farm Symposium, the
XII International Aquaculture Trade Show, the
IX International Aquaculture Symposium, the 3rd
Tilapia Economic Forum and a Seafood Festival.
In this regard, this event will offer an opportunity
for everyone involved with the aquaculture sector to get together.
This years conference motto: Science
and Industry Joining Forces to Meet Seafood
Demands will, more than ever, bring the message and the expertise of well-known international speakers towards how to integrate the
knowledge base for the challenges faced by
the aquaculture sector to maintain its growth
through innovative science-based solutions.
The deadline for abstract submission is June 1,
2015, via www.was.org. Abstracts and presentations can be prepared in Portuguese, Spanish or
English (the language used in the summary will be
considered for presentation).
i i i i i i i
i
i i
20-25 September 2015
The Latin American and

Caribbean Aquaculture
Conference
i i i i i i i
i
i i
EVENT LISTINGS
www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Catch of the year:
EAFEX 2015 nets world-class line-up

of fish producers and aquaculture
centres as international suppliers
aim to capitalise on regionals AED1
billion-worth fish industry
With demand across the GCC (the trade
bloc incorporating Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE and Oman) for fresh
fish products expected to grow approximately
eight percent per annum up to 2030, an international selection of local, regional and global
fish suppliers, producers and aquaculture centres are preparing to reel in regional buyers
at SEAFEX 2015 - the regions biggest trade
fair and sourcing platform for the international
production to reduce trade deficits remains

a core focus for GCC governments. Heavy
investment in pioneering fish farming initiatives has resulted in a regional fund being
established in 2014 to assist GCC countries
aquaculture projects, while the UAE is planning to set-up the Middle Easts first sturgeon
caviar and salmon farm in 2016. While boosting domestic fish production will help meet
rising regional demand for fish, the reliance on
imports will remain.
Fish consumption in the UAE alone is
predicted to cross the 900,000-tonne barrier
by 2030 and the entire GCC fishing industry
currently only produces 392,000 tonnes of
fish per year. According to the Ministry of
Economy, the UAE contributes 75,000 tonnes
- or 19 percent - of the regional production
total.
This years largest-ever edition of SEAFEX
seafood industry, running October 2729 at

Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC).
According to a report by the United
Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation
(FAO), per capita fish consumption across
the GCC is estimated at ten kilogrammes per
year. Courtesy of its high disposable income
and strong, high-end year-round tourism, the
UAE leads regional per capita consumption
rankings at 24 kilogrammes per year - five
kilogrammes higher than the global average.
With the regional fish industry worth
AED1 billion a year, increasing domestic fish
will offer producers and buyers an unrivalled

platform to source and explore new sales
avenues, distribution channels, technology
advances and regional expansion opportunities, said Trixie LohMirmand, Senior Vice
President, DWTC.
The global fish processing industry is at
an interesting stage in its evolution. Regional
governments have acknowledged that, on
an international level, aquaculture farming
centres are catching or have caught up with
traditional capture fisheries. SEAFEX provides
access to both sectors and unites more
SEAFEX 2015
than 150 specialist exhibitors from across

the global fish production industry with the
right partners from leading regional hotels,
restaurants, caterers, retailers, wholesalers,
distributors and procurement officials from
across the food processing sector.
In addition to new country pavilions
from Morocco, Poland, Norway and the UK,
Belgium-based SEAFEX newcomer Vichiunai
- one of Europes largest producers of crab
sticks, surimi products and fish will join other
seafood suppliers from USA, Spain, Singapore,
Denmark and Thailand.
Closer to home, European Sea Food - a
Dubai-based company importing, exporting
and trading all varieties of seafood is
participating for a third-straight year. With
domestic holding aquariums with a capacity
of over 20,000 kilogrammes of various live
products, European Sea Food will exhibit
its giant lobster range at
SEAFEX 2015.
UAE-based East Fish
Processing LLC, a member of
Thomsun Group, will leverage SEAFEX 2015 to launch
a new line of breaded and
marinated products under
its EASTCO brand. With an
import network bringing in
the finest lobster, shrimps,
crabs, shellfish, cephalopods and fish from strategic
sources across the world, East
Fish Processing LLCs new
EASTCO products include
marinated fish fillets and marinated shrimps with Lemon
and Cilantro and Tandoori
flavours.
Also at SEAFEX 2015,
the Chartered Institute of
Purchasing & Supply (CIPS)
is organising Purchasing and
Supply Seminars provided by
certified professionals where
attendees will earn Continuing
Professional Development
(CPD) certificates. Finally, the
annual SEAFEX Awards will
again recognise the seafood
industrys leading industry innovations and
launches at a Gala Dinner on the first day of
the show.
Open daily from 10am-6pm October 2728, and from 10am-5pm on October 29,
SEAFEX 2015 is organised alongside Sweets
and Snacks Middle East and The Speciality
Food Festival. The three niche food shows
are for trade and business professionals only.
General public and persons under the age of
21 will not be permitted entry. Registration
is available at the show upon proof of trade
status.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Aquaculture Europe 2015: the annual meeting

of the European Aquaculture Society
uropean aquaculture is an important

economic activity in many coastal
and continental areas and provides
jobs in rural areas. Its full potential
has not, however, been developed to date
although European and national policy is
looking to address this and provide the
framework for sustainable growth across
this diverse sector.
This year, Aquaculture Europe 2015
(AE2015) will focus on the role and contribution of aquaculture to the management
of natural resources and its importance in
society through the provision of high quality,
nutritious and healthy food.
These are the main thematic areas that will
be addressed during the plenary sessions.
European and national research is providing
highly innovative and integrated solutions to
support development and the outputs of this
research will be presented in the AE2015
parallel sessions that cover the full scope of
European aquaculture and comprise submitted oral and poster presentations.
AE2015 will also feature an international
trade exhibition, farmers days (focusing on
RAS and shellfish culture), student sessions
and activities, satellite workshops of EU
projects and initiatives and updates on EU
research.
A special forum for students attending AE2015
to enable networking and the exchange of ideas
will also be taking place during the event. The
forum will have a dedicated programme and
include a special student reception. Students
will receive the full registration package plus the
student reception.To qualify for the student rate,
student I.D. is required.
Alistair Lane (Executive Director, European
Aquaculture Society), was keen to stress how
AE2015 can contribute to student development; students can have a lot of fun, build up
their address books, find full time employment
or a mentor, moreover, there is an opportunity to engage with leading publishers, and
experts in the field, he added.
Thematic Plenary Sessions
Plenary sessions take place each morning

of AE2015 with invited speakers who set the
scene and open the debate for the parallel
sessions of contributed presentations in both
oral and poster format.
New approaches to production: innovation is at the core of sustainable
aquaculture development, but so is the
contribution of aquaculture to maintain
and enhance our natural capital. This
plenary session will highlight the most
recent developments in the way we
produce our European seafood balancing the precision farming concept with
the provision of eco-services and being
a key element of conservation in local
areas.
Demonstrating our sustainability credentials: Aquaculture producers have
several tools available to them to demonstrate their economic, environmental
and social responsibility. This plenary
will focus on how aquaculture practices
can provide that demonstration with
an insight into the stakeholder process
to develop standards and the environmental, animal welfare, social and ethical
elements of these.
Adapting to consumer preferences:
Consumers want healthy, tasty and sustainably produced seafood at a fair price.
This plenary session will provide a retailer
perspective on how (European) seafood
is a source of superior value to consumers
by exploring product image, consumer
perception and sourcing strategies that are
in line with customer expectations
Location
AE2015 will take place at the De Doelen

Congress Centre in Rotterdam, located in the
centre of the city and only five minutes walk
from Rotterdam Central station and close to
all of the selected conference hotels.
The city of Rotterdam is easily accessible
via the international airport of Schiphol (25
minutes by train) or the Rotterdam The
Hague Airport (EU flights). For neighbouring
countries, Rotterdam Central Station is linked
by international high-speed trains (Thalys from
Paris 2hrs, Brussels 1hrs).
Day 1: Wednesday, 21 October

2015: 09h30 to 10h15.
Demonstrating our sustainability credentials Chris Ninnes, Aquaculture Stewardship

Council
Aquaculture producers have several tools
available to them to demonstrate their
economic, environmental and social responsibility. This plenary will focus on how aquaculture practices can provide that demonstration with an insight into the stakeholder
process to develop standards and the environmental, animal welfare, social and ethical
elements of these.
Chris Ninnes was appointed CEO of the
Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) in
October 2011. Before joining the ASC, Chris
was Deputy CEO and Director of Operations
at the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
from 2006 to 2011, where he led the expan-
sion of the MSCs technical and commercial

work. From 2003 to 2006 Chris was Vice
President of MRAG Americas, which followed
his appointment as Technical Director for
MRAG Ltd from 1996 until 2002. Chris worked
for the UK Depar tment for International
Development from 1983 to 2002 where he
advised on seafood industry development
issues in Africa and the Caribbean. He has also
been a professional inshore fisherman.
Day 2: Thursday, 22 October

2015 : 09h00 to 09h45.
Adapting to consumer preferences Huw

Thomas, Wm Morrison Supermarkets Plc
Consumers want healthy, tasty and sustainably produced seafood at a fair price. This
plenary will provide a retailer perspective on
how (European) seafood is a
source of superior value to consumers by
exploring product image, consumer perception and sourcing strategies that are in line
with customer expectations.
Huw is Fisheries and Aquaculture Manager at
Morrisons where he is responsible for developing and implementing the seafood sourcing
policy across all own brand categories. He is
vice chair of the GlobalGAP aquaculture committee, sits on the Oversight board of the
Seafish Responsible Fishing Scheme and works
closely with the ASC, IFFO and SFP improving
the marine ingredients fisheries in South East
Asia. His interest in addressing SE Asian fisheries comes from the knowledge gained over
seven years whilst operating a prawn processing operation in Vietnam and running the
Lyons Seafood Technical and Commercial
function in the same region.
Day 3: Friday, 23rd October

2015: 09h00 to 09h45.
New approaches to production - Louise

Fresco, Wageningen UR
Innovation is at the core of sustainable aquaculture development, but so is the contribution of aquaculture to maintain and enhance
our natural capital. This plenary session will
highlight the most recent developments in
the way we produce our European seafood balancing the precision farming concept with
the provision of eco-services and being a key
element of conservation in local areas.
Professor Louise O. Fresco was appointed
as President of the Executive Board of
Wageningen UR in July 2014. Her career has
involved decades of fieldwork in tropical countries, travels to over 80 countries, a PhD cum
laude in tropical agronomy (Wageningen),
chairs and lectureships at prestigious universities such as Wageningen, Uppsala, Louvain and
Stanford and the membership of four scientific
academies. She also held several leading positions within FAO.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Event review:
Aqua Nor
18-21.05.15
Trondheim, Norway
rondheim is a great location for hosting Aqua Nor, with an

excellent harbour, it is situated where the river Nidelva meets the
Trondheimsfjorden, Norways third longest fjord at 130km in length.
Locals suggested that Trondheim typically operates with a population
of 120,000 in the city centre, this is then flooded with an extra 20,000 people for
the week of Aqua Nor, a pressing but healthy figure which seems to be welcomed
by the service people of the city.
With my colleagues Darren Parris, and Tom Blacker, we visited the four-day
exhibition to meet with friends, colleagues and clients.
International attraction
There were visitors representing 76 nations this time around, 20,848 people,
a ten percent increase on Aqua Nor 2013. Those in attendance ranged from
university students interested to learn what aquaculture was, through to foreign
delegates under the leadership of government ministers and many in between.
Business people, fishermen, scientists, enthusiasts, journalists and entrepreneurs;
there was something at Aqua Nor for all who attended.
Whether this is to develop personal and business networks at all levels, to
promote or purchase a product, to learn about Norwegian aquaculture, or to
share about foreign aquaculture.
Arrival at Aqua Nor
The image when we arrived at the event on the first morning - Tuesday, August
18 - was that of formally suited people outside the foyer, huddled in groups. A large
Aqua Nor logo above the three double doors, queues of people within.
On a black stage to the left of the entrance was a large block of ice, which
would later be sculpted into a magnificent piece by chainsaw. To the left of the
stage was a large marquee, where stood a decorated stage upon which the welcoming ceremony would soon begin.
Welcome ceremony official opening of Aqua Nor 2015
People who had come from all over with different hopes for the event had
occupied seats in the marquee; for example, to my left was the Director General
of Fisheries Malaysia with whom I had a discussion about aquaculture production in
Malaysia, and to my right was an aquaculture journalist from Scotland an excellent
environment for meeting new people with similar interests.
Liv Holmefjord, the chairwoman of Nor-Fishing Foundation, organiser of Aqua
Nor and Norwegian Director of Fisheries was first on stage to welcome guests and
direct the proceedings of the ceremony.
After outlining what we had in store for the ceremony she welcomed to the
stage two musicians. The two gentlemen occupied the stage, a pianist and a singer,
they performed a beautiful and emotive song titled Bring him home.
Ms Holmefjord returned to the stage to tell of the progress Aqua Nor has
made over the years, stating that it first began in 1979, there were 18 stands, 23
exhibitors and around 100 visitors the expansion since then has been vast, with
more to come.
Ms Holmefjord went on to announce that by 2018 they intend to have a new
venue built on the grounds that will offer an additional 5000 square meters of
exhibition space. This space is in demand; there is currently a list of exhibitors

who were unable to erect a stall for this event due to floor space limitations.
Trondheim mayor Rita Ottervik was welcomed next. She too told a story of
the growth of aquaculture in Norway. According to Ms Ottervik, in the 1970s
salmon farmers were being told that their salmon were too small, the scale of
this event primarily focused on the farming of salmon can tell everything you
need to know of that story.
Ms Ottervik went on to explain that Trondhiem can be seen as a hub
of aquaculture research, where in January 2016 the university will host some
38,000 students.
When Ms Holmefjord returned to the stage she continued on Ms Otterviks
points around education, saying we need to recruit bright new minds for the
future, and then welcomed a local Trondheim masters student to the stage.
The masters student emphasised the need for the industry to engage with
students outside of the marine sciences, a practice that the oil industry is already
partaking in.
Finally Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian minister of fisheries came to the
stage, officially opening Aqua Nor 2015 and informing us that this was the 19th
of its kind and that there was good news and bad. Ms Aspaker says that she is
proud of the achievements of aquaculture but still sees great potential for sustainable growth, and that this could only be met when social, ecological, and economic dimensions are all addressed concurrently. The comments were directed
towards how knowledge is at the core of the Norwegian governments focus,
stating currently NOK3.6 billion is being invested in marine research annually.
Ms Aspaker expressed how fisheries crime is a topic close to her heart,
and that she sees the potential for a black economy as a threat if this issue not
attended to. Essentially saying that 20 years ago the FAO set out guidelines, and
it is our responsibility to see these are adhered to.
To close the ceremony an African proverb was shared If you want to go
fast, go alone, if you want to go far, go together says Ms Aspaker, an inspiring
end to a ceremony brimming with optimism whilst still acknowledging the realism and the difficult tasks that exist ahead.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Coming away from this ceremony, I perceived the key focuses of the
exhibition to be on the development and sharing of knowledge and the
need for sustainability improvements. But there was also an emphasis on
the future generations involvement in aquaculture with Aqua Nor 2015
being the first to host a student day on the Friday, with free access granted
to students. A promotion that ended up attracting over 200 students.
The venue
This years exhibition was held at the Trondheim Spektrum, offering five
major exhibition halls, and two large outside tents, on show grounds adjacent
to the river and only a five minute walk across a bridge to the Skansen docks
where some barges and cages were on display.
The venue featured a new navigation system this year. Coloured lines
were displayed throughout the grounds with the letters (A through H) of corresponding halls displayed on them. In addition to this, friendly members of staff
in high-visibility vests were available to assist if I were struggling to find a hall or
information regarding the event a service I had to call on when I failed to see
spot a massive sign sitting right in front of me.
Facilities were media friendly as well; a long table in the entrance hall was
available for the press to distribute their magazines and newspapers from.
A media centre was available on one of the upper floors, a quiet room of
desks available with power sockets for computer work, daily complimentary
refreshments offered in a lounge where members of the press could relax, and
interview tables available just outside of the media center.
Cargill acquires EWOS announcement
At an Aqua Nor press conference on Tuesday August 18th, executives from

Cargill and EWOS outlined the acquisition and discussed the significance of the
deal for the companies and the industry as a whole.
This acquisition gives Cargill an entry into the salmon market and will make
Cargills animal nutrition business a leading player in the growing feed industry.
The 1.35 billion purchase which has lead to the joining of forces may be the
biggest story in aquaculture for a decade.
Innovation award
Readers will recall in the July/August edition of International Aquafeed

magazine we featured the three finalists for the innovation award, namely, the
HeliXer fish hospital from Stranda Prolog AS; the precise biomass measurement
equipment from Storvik Aqua AS; and Ragnarok, the tough workwear produced
by Protex Norway.
All three of the finalists were on display at Aqua Nor, we visited each of the
impressive stalls and it great to see the innovative products in person.
Ultimately it was Stranda Prolog AS who won the Nor Fishing Foundation
award for 2015, for their project to treat salmon for lice at the cage site. The
project was developed together with Msval Fiskeoppdrett AS and consists of
a barge, HeliXiR, with tanks and equipment for medication treatment against
lice. The system is expected to give a 90 98 percent reduction in the amount
of medication used.
Environmental award
This years environmental award was shared by Akvaplan Niva and Norsk
Oppdrettsservice for their work involving the use of lumpfish as a cleaning fish
in aquaculture. The Minister of Fisheries, Ms Aspaker and Director of Fisheries,
Ms Holmefjord presented the award.
Salmon lice is an on-going issue, it has been referred to as the greatest
challenge the industry of salmon farming currently faces. There has been a lot
of effort expended in trying to solve this problem. Use of optical methods and
heat treatment are two ways of dealing with it, in addition to using medication.
Lately the practice of using lumpfish as a cleaning fish that will eat the lice off the
salmon has become more common.
The Directorate of Fisheries has worried about the use of medicines in such
treatment, noting that that the pressure on the use of wrasse as a cleaning fish
has become a problem. Therefore the introduction of lumpfish as an efficient
alternative is welcomed.
CEO Andreas Lindhol, of Norsk Oppdrettsservice and Kristin Sther

of Akvaplan Niv received the award on behalf of their companies.
Code of Conduct for responsible fisheries
The ministry of trade, industry and fisheries, together with FAO

and the Nor-Fishing Foundation, organised the 20th anniversary
celebration of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries on
Wednesday morning.
About 80 participants listened to the FAO assistant general for
fisheries and agriculture, Mr Arni Mathiesen, speak about how the
code was established and what it has come to mean in global fisheries
and aquaculture.
Top representatives from seven countries, including ministers from
Norway, Brazil, India, and Indonesia, held brief presentations about
what the code meant to their countries.
Information sharing at Aqua Nor 2015
Each day a plethora of seminars were available. Seminars were

diverse, every day there would be demonstrations of some new piece
of equipment, such as that of Photofish fast online analysis of fat
and colour in salmonids which was run by AKVA group.
The topics would range through to more general seminars such
as Potential for sustainable growth within aquaculture as hosted by
Nofima.
I counted a combined total of almost 100 demonstrations, lectures, seminars, and open talk sessions - with many of the seminars
lasting hours and including multiple sub-topics and expert speakers.
The vast majority of these presentations were hosted at the
Spektrum, with only a few being held at nearby hotels usually within
walking distance.
Global Salmon Initiative media briefing
INDUSTRY EVENTS
A number of companies were looking at ways in which salmon

farming technology could be generalised to the farming of other species, in order to assist in meeting the increasing demand for protein-rich
foods. The statistic we will need to feed a predicted nine billion people
by the year 2050 often arising during seminars.
The need for sustainability and the adoption of a holistic approach
was frequently promoted.
I would recommend attending this event to anyone with an interest
in the aquaculture industry at least once, as it is widely understood,
Norway is not the cheapest place on Earth but as a result of this comes
the many exceptional facilities and services Norway and Trondheim
has to offer.
The only improvement I would like to see next event would be the
availability of a translation service, as a handful of seminars with interesting titles were available in Norweigan only. However, after speaking
with event organisers about this, they suggested it is a change they are
considering implementing in the future of the event. This would certainly
be another step towards Aqua Nor being a truly international event.
If I were to summarise my experiences of this event with one
word, it would be spoilt. Attendees are spoilt with opportunity,
opportunity in all fields of aquaculture, politics and legislation, production and processing, feed and transportation, genetics and health.
However, beyond all of this, I see the most important aspect of
the event to be networking. Organisers have fostered a networkingfriendly environment where the stalls welcome socialising with an
open floor plan, many of the seminars include tea-breaks, and there
are specific events such as the student day where the students had
the chance to make contacts for their future careers. In addition to
this, the event is located in a compact city that offered opportunities
for networking outside of the exhibition boundaries, such as during
dinner at the harbour side after the exhibition had closed each day.
On Wednesday August 19th at the Hotel Britannia GSI member

CEOs and GSI partners gathered to speak about the initiatives efforts
in finding sustainable solutions to support the long-term future of the
farm salmon industry.
GSI announced the launch of an innovative global tender, this
tender invited organisations interested to develop novel oils high in
Omega-3 for fish-farming, to share their proposals to supply participating GSI members with a minimum of 25,000 tonnes of novel oil,
and up to 200,000 tonnes, annually for a minimum of two years.
Ensuring a long-term supply of our feed resources has always
been a key focus for the GSI, and through this commitment to
new novel oils, instead of waiting for the market to act, we hope to
accelerate the development of viable novel oils at a commercial scale
to improve the long-term stability of our supply chain, says Alf-Helge
Aarskog, CEO of Marine Harvest.
GLOBALG.A.P.
AQUACULTURE
STANDARD
VERSION 5
NOW ONLINE
Skansen docks
As discussed earlier, the Skansen docks were only a five-minute

walk from the Spektrum. The three features of these docks that
stood out to me were the constructed Aqualine fish cage, a large
concrete barge, and especially the world largest steel feed barge by
AKVA group.
On the sunny afternoon of Tuesday August 18th, the AKVA
groups AC 850 Panorama feed barge was handed over to Marine
Harvest Norway.
For more information on the impressive steel barge, an article can
be found in our Fish Farming Technology section.
Event summary
Everywhere content suggested that the price of salmon is still

good, and developments continue to be made across the board. A
trend amongst the seminars seemed to suggest that the use of inland
RAS systems were gaining popularity.
GLOBALG.A.P. COMPOUND FEED

MANUFACTURING STANDARD
Safe Feed - Safe Food
Check out our website for events happening near you!
www.globalgap.org/events
VAV
+31 71 4023701
www.vav.nl
Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed
Directory (published by Turret Group)
Elevator & Conveyor Components

4B Braime
+44 113 246 1800
www.go4b.com
Enzymes
Additives
Chemoforma
+41 61 8113355
www.chemoforma.com
www.evonik.com
JEFO
+1 450 799 2000
www.jefo.com
Equipment for sale
GMP+ International
ExtruTech Inc
+31703074120
www.liptosa.com
www.sonac.biz
www.abvista.com
Westeel
Certification
+34 902 157711
+31 499 364800
+44 1672 517 650
www.tsc-silos.com
www.westeel.com
Liptosa
Sonac
Ab Vista
+31 543 473979
+1 204 233 7133
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
TSC Silos
+1 785 284 2153
www.gmpplus.org
Conveyors
www.extru-techinc.com
Event organisers
Vigan Enginnering
VIV
+32 67 89 50 41
Analysis
R-Biopharm
+44 141 945 2924
www.r-biopharm.com
Colour sorters
Bhler AG
Romer Labs
+41 71 955 11 11
+43 2272 6153310
www.buhlergroup.com
www.romerlabs.com
Amino acids
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
www.evonik.com
Animal Health & Nutrition

Cenzone
+1 760 736 9901
www.cenzone.com
Bags
Mondi Group
+43 1 79013 4917
www.mondigroup.com
Bin dischargers
Denis
+33 2 37 97 66 11
www.denis.fr
Bulk storage
Bentall Rowlands
+44 1724 282828
www.bentallrowlands.com
Chief Industries UK Ltd
+44 1621 868944
www.chief.co.uk
Croston Engineering
+44 1829 741119
www.croston-engineering.co.uk
Silo Construction Engineers
+32 51723128
www.sce.be
Silos Cordoba
+34 957 325 165
www.siloscordoba.com
Symaga
+34 91 726 43 04
www.symaga.com
+31 30 295 2772
www.vigan.com
www.viv.net
Extruders
Almex
+31 575 572666
www.almex.nl
Satake
+81 82 420 8560
Amandus Kahl
www.satake-group.com
+49 40 727 710
Computer software
Adifo NV
+32 50 303 211
www.adifo.com
www.akahl.de
Andritz
+45 72 160300
www.andritz.com
Format International Ltd
Brabender
+44 1483 726081
+49 203 7788 0
www.formatinternational.com
www.brabender.com
Colour sorters
Buhler AG
SEA S.r.l.
+41 71 955 11 11
+39 054 2361423
www.buhlergroup.com
www.seasort.com
Coolers & driers

Consergra s.l
+34 938 772207
www.consergra.com
FrigorTec GmbH
+49 7520 91482-0
www.frigortec.com
Geelen Counterflow
+31 475 592315
www.geelencounterflow.com
Muyang Group
+86 514 87848880
www.muyang.com
Elevator buckets
Alapala
+90 212 465 60 40
www.alapala.com
Tapco Inc
+1 314 739 9191
www.tapcoinc.com
STIF
+33 2 41 72 16 80
www.stifnet.com
Coperion GmbH
+49 711 897 0
www.coperion.com
Dinnissen BV
+31 77 467 3555
www.dinnissen.nl
Insta-Pro International
+1 515 254 1260
www.insta-pro.com
Ottevanger
+31 79 593 22 21
www.ottevanger.com
Wenger Manufacturing
+1 785-284-2133
www.wenger.com
Zheng Chang
+86 21 64188282
www.zhengchang.com
Feed
Aller Aqua
+45 70 22 19 10
www.aller-aqua.com
PAYPER, S.A.
MYSILO
+34 973 21 60 40
+90 382 266 2245
www.payper.com
www.mysilo.com
Pellet binders
SPAROS
Tel.: +351 249 435 145
Muyang
Akzo Nobel
+86 514 87848880
+46 303 850 00
www.muyang.com
www.bredol.com
Website: www.sparos.pt
+47 69 11 80 00
+31 26 47 90 699
www.lignotechfeed.com
www.wynveen.com
Hatchery products
Reed Mariculture
+1 877 732 3276
www.binmaster.com
+46 512 29100
www.pelltech.org
www.tornum.com
Agromatic
Jacob Sohne
+41 55 2562100
+49 571 9580
www.agromatic.com
+45 721 755 55
72 160300
www.andritz.com
+31 318 545 754
+41 71 955 11 11
www.dishman-netherlands.com
Training
Aqua TT
+86 514 87848880
Moisture analyzers
+353 1 644 9008
www.muyang.com
Probiotics
www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services
Vaccines
+33 14 1475045
Biomin
www.chopin.fr
+43 2782 803 0
Ridgeway Biologicals
+44 1635 579516
www.biomin.net
Doescher & Doescher GmbH
Lallemand
+49 4087976770
+ 33 562 745 555
www.doescher.com
www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com
Rolls
www.hydronix.com
Seedburo
www.breitenbach.de
+49 271 3758 0
+1 312 738 3700
OJ Hojtryk
www.seedburo.com
+45 7514 2255
NIR systems
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Safety equipment
+49 6227 732668
Rembe
www.nir-online.de
+49 2961 740 50
Packaging
www.rembe.com
Second hand equipment
www.cbpackaging.com
Mondi Group
+43 1 79013 4917
www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk
Vacuum
Wynveen International B.V.
+31 26 47 90 699
Leonhard Brietenbach
www.wynveen.com
Weighing equipment
Parkerfarm Weighing Systems
+44 1246 456729
www.parkerfarm.com
Yeast products
Lallemand
+ 33 562 745 555
www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com
Leiber GmbH
+49 5461 93030
Sanderson Weatherall
www.leibergmbh.de
+44 161 259 7054
Phileo (Lesaffre animal care)
www.sw.co.uk
+33 3 20 81 61 00
www.lesaffre.fr
Silos
Ugur Makina
Kepler Weber Group
+90 (364) 235 00 26
+55 11 4873-0300
www.ugurmakina.com
www.kepler.com.br
Palletisers
Dishman
FAMSUN
www.vega.com/uk
www.mondigroup.com
Shrimp feed additives
Buhler AG
www.buhlergroup.com
+44 1444 870055
+44 7805 092067
www.dol-sensors.com
Andritz
Vega
CB Packaging
Dol Sensors
Fr. Jacob Shne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany

Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu
www.fine-tek.com
NIR-Online
www.aqualabo.fr
www.jacob-pipesystems.eu
+886 2226 96789
+44 1483 468900
+33 2 97 89 25 30
Used around
all industrial
Plants
sectors.
FineTek Co., Ltd
Hydronix
Aqualabo
Pipe systems
Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+45
CHOPIN Technologies
Sensors
www.rentokil.co.uk
Level measurement
+1 402 434 9102
Tornum AB
+47 69 11 80 00
+44 0800 917 1987
www.bastak.com.tr
BinMaster Level Controls
www.symaga.com
Rentokil Pest Control
Laboratory equipment
Bastak
+34 91 726 43 04
PellTech
Pest control
www.reed-mariculture.com
+90 312 395 67 87
Symaga
Borregaard LignoTech
Wynveen International B.V.
To include your company in the

International Aquafeed market place in
print, and a company page on our website
Obial
contact Tom Blacker.
Ehcolo A/S
+90 382 2662120
+44 1242 267700 tomb@perendale.co.uk
+45 75 398411
www.obial.com.tr
www.ehcolo.com
The aquafeed
interview
One of the biggest buyouts so far this decade, has been the recent acquisition by Cargill of EWOS. This took place in mid-August
just prior to one of aquacultures largest and most significant events AquaNor 2015. Negotiations continued into Saturday night,
the day before the companies involved headed to Trondheim, Norway, for the bi-annual gathering of the worlds salmon farming
industry representatives at the AquaNor 2015 conference and exhibition the following week. Without prior arrangements in place, the
companies were able to present their joint agreement, and their commitment to work together for not only the betterment of salmon
customers but for the future of all major fish species being farmed for food, to the industry and customers alike.
Ms Sarena Lin, President, Cargill Feed and Nutrition, made the announcement personally at an almost impromptu press conference.
International Aquafeed magazine, was in attendance and has taken the opportunity to report here on most of the questions posed to
Ms Lin by journalists representing national, regional and world aqua press.
Let me introduce myself. I am the president of Cargill Feed and

Nutrition, its absolutely a privilege to be here and to attend this
event and to see the interest you all have in this merger. This is
a transformative deal. The reason for that is very simple, if you
look at Cargills feed industry, something you might not realise is
that we have been in the feed business for about 100 years of
the 150 years of history of Cargill.
And if you think about the knowledge we have developed over
the 100 years that started with us being in 37 countries and
17,000 employees with tremendous expertise and knowledge
in feed, but most of it in livestock. What we have done though
over the last 15-20 years is to enter into the aqua business.
Aqua nutrition as we know is one of the fastest growing
nutrition sectors in the world. And our involvement in the past
has mostly been in warm-water fish such as Tilapia and shrimp.
The reason why EWOS is such a critical partner for us is that
we believe this is absolutely the transformative transition we
need to have to allow us to really jump start a global presence
and harness the technology and skill set that evolved over the
years to help us really accelerate the growth in all these other
species and all these other markets. Thats the first step and we
need to get that done first.
Is vertical integration something you

might look at down the road?
Again from our perspective, our first and foremost job is

to learn the aquafeed industry and with EWOSs help to
understand what it truly means to be successful in the
aquafeed industry. I think that is the first thing we have to learn.
Now, obviously, as Cargill Inc. we will always be looking for
opportunities for growth, so never say never. However, the
practicality is very clear for us in terms of what we need to
focus on in the short-term.
In the salmon industry, the feed producers

relationships with their users is very close. Do
you have that same type of relationship with
the users of other livestock feeds you sell? Or
is your relationships more at arms length and
this is something else you will have to learn?
I think the good news is that in the livestock industry we have

very deep relationships with our animal producers. So, no matter
what the species, be it dairy, beef or swine especially for the large
industrialised producers many of them are our customers we not
only deliver feed we also deliver additional service to improve
farm management to get better feed efficiency.
There are other aquaculture feed companies

out there why choose EWOS?
But having said that, this is something we are very careful about,
we know aqua is a different platform from others; livestock has
its own characteristics. Aquaculture is an area we absolutely
want to rely on our EWOS colleagues to help us and teach us
so we understand the nuances of how to serve customers well
and serve them better.
So our belief is, if we want to enter the aqua platform in a

transformative way why not go for the best? We want to go for
the best that we can leverage and transfer that technology. So
salmon for us is one of the top choices in terms of being able
to build that foundation. To us, this is a no brainer.
When we talk about feeding nine billion people by

2050, its not often thought this will come from the
salmon industry, which is seen as a cash crop. With
your global reach and the technology and research
that has taken place into salmon feed development,
how do you see that technology and research
being used in the future? Do you feel that can be
expanded to other, larger producing species such
as Tilapia or Pengasius? Is this on your horizon?
You all know very well that when we talk about aquaculture its
not all the same. In aquaculture when you look at species, based
on our understanding, salmon is one of the most important
species out there; in terms of the requirements from a nutritional
perspective, in terms of processing and in terms of transportation.
The cultural fit we had with the EWOS business, their passion
and commitment to their customers, the trust they have built
and the innovation system they have. We did not see anything
like it in all the other companies we looked at.
Now you are moving into the salmon industry,

is this a first step for Cargill to move into
salmon production, now that seafood is
becoming more and more important?
We really need to understand what salmon is about as we

know this is a complicated industry. So out first step is, lets
get this deal done, welcome our EWOS friends into the Cargill
family and then continue to explore opportunities.
Absolutely, in fact I would say that is exactly the value we see in

this partnership. It is that transferability from what EWOS has
developed in salmon into these other species to where we see
tremendous growth, especially in Asia. From a research point-ofview we are absolutely impressed by Dirdal, EWOSs research
and development centre, and by what EWOS has done in Dirdal.
We believe that has to be maintained as a hub for us to deepen
our knowledge in aqua. But the job, once we integrate, is how
do we take that knowhow and expertise to all these other parts
of the world. Remember that there are 37 countries where we
already have a strong footprint and where we can go in and use
this leverage. This is absolutely in our plan.
An extended version of this interview can

be found on the Aquaculturists blog.
AQUACULTURE
INDUSTRY FACES
New Men for MARS at Planet Ocean

urrey-based Planet Ocean Ltd is pleased to announce the arrival of two new
team members joining their Marine Autonomous Systems Group located at the
National Oceanography Centre MARSIC (Marine Autonomous and Robotics
Systems Innovation Centre). Dr Marcus Mller EngD, PGDip, BEng (Hons) joins as
Electronics Design Engineer.
Marcus joins us after completing his Bioengineering Doctorate (EngD) in medical devices at the University of Strathclyde. Prior to this, he was awarded a PGDip in Geospatial Mapping Sciences from Glasgow University,
and his first degree (BEng) in Mechatronics from the University of Applied Sciences, Regensburg Germany.
Marcus spent time as an intern at BMW China, where amongst other things he analysed and optimised the KUKA- Robot automated
production processes for the three and five Series jig lines.
In addition to his native German, and English, Marcus also speaks basic Chinese. In his spare time he enjoys basketball and skiing.
Also welcomed onboard is Jrmy Sitbon. Jrmy is a Software Designer and join after graduating from the Engineering school
Polytech Paris-UPMC part of Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris, France) with a major in robotics engineering, where he undertook
an internship with the French Defence Procurement working on micro-UAVs vision systems.
Dr Frank Michel: New global sales director at Dr Eckel

r Frank Michel is the new sales director at Dr Eckel GmbH from September 1, 2015. Frank Michel
holds a doctorate in biochemistry and has extensive experience in sales and team leadership. His
particular focus was in the field of dietary supplements and their national and international distribution. His specific priority is the optimisation of sales activities to the advantage of our customers,
says Antje Eckel, The rare combination of his education in biochemistry and the commercial implementation
in the area of dietary supplements supports our customers to successfully introduce and applicate our product
portfolio.
The BioMar Group appoints Niels Alsted as Vice President Asia

ollowing the announcement of the signature of a Joint-Venture agreement between the BioMar Group
and Chinese Tongwei, the BioMar Group has today announced that Niels Alsted will become the first
Vice President for BioMars new Asian market region.
Carlos Diaz, CEO of the BioMar Group, stated that it was a great pleasure to be able to assign one
of BioMars most experienced and respected people for this very important new role in BioMar.
Niels Alsted will relocate to China before the end of the year; however, he is already intensely engaged in
setting up the new business unit.
Niels Alsted has worked with BioMar since 1987. During the years he has had a broad range of responsibilities in different positions
within R&D, business development, and sourcing as part of the top management of the BioMar Group. Most recently he held the title
of Vice President Sourcing and Business Relations; however his starting point was in R&D. He has a master in Fishery Science and a
commercial PhD in Fish Nutrition, which has served as background for his different jobs in BioMar.
Niels Alsted has during the last three decades been one of the most important persons in the process of continuously driving the
development of BioMars feed program towards new and higher standards, both in terms of feed performance and environmental
sustainability. This tremendous knowledge base Niels will now bring to our Chinese Joint-Venture, said Carlos Diaz.
Nutriad appoints Country Manager Poland

ultinational feed additives producer Nutriad has announced the appointment of Dr Adrian
Krzykawski as Country Manager Poland. Adrian Krzykawski has held various senior positions in
animal feed industry and holds a master in Zootechnics and a PhD from the Faculty of Biology
and General Animal Science of Wroclaw University. Stated Dr Krzykawski: I am thrilled at the
opportunity to work with Nutriad, a leading feed additives brand. Nutriad has a good reputation in the Polish
market and I look forward to further expanding our market share.
With more than 8 million metric tons of feed produced the Polish market is of strategic importance to Nutriad.
Simon Martyn, Regional Director EMEA said: We work with integrators, premixers, feedmills and farms. Directly and through a
network of distributors. We are poised to strengthen our position and our new appointment underscores that commitment.

International Aquafeed - September - October 2015 - FULL EDITION

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

International Aquafeed - September - October 2015 - FULL EDITION

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

I N C O R P O R AT I N G

Pea Seed protein

AQUANOR 2015 review

EXPERT TOPIC - KRILL

3-15 INDUSTRY NEWS

Pea Seed protein concentrate in

Catfish production in India:

Growth trial and challenge testing

Dusckweed - a sustainable protein

Microalgae - Different types of

Microalgae - Q&A with Reed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Professor Simon Davies

he season is certainly changing rapidly and autumnal

forgets that it is central to the supply chain of fresh salmon

Meet the Aquafeed team at upcoming international events

16-19 November 2015

20-23 October 2015

demand is expected to grow by approximately five

Whats best for

n my May/June article, some of the latest data on the functionality of

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

themes: Feeding Today's Shrimp;

Biomin opens new

iomin has further expanded its global

scomber Ltd, the Scottish-based

the feed mill industry, which has

topics while enjoying good food

plans to produce PoultryStar, a multi-species

AgriTimes and Sheep sites.

Aquafeed will continue to serve you under

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 5

A regular look inside

Oceana wins landmark decision

New Biomin video: mycotoxin

GePro celebrates 50th anniversary in style

ood in the Change - was the theme of

National television presenter Sabine Stamm

Satellite technology puts

org), funded jointly by the UK Biotechnology and

team of UK scientists are exploring the

6 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

Seafood waste reduction sought

nterestingly the example mentioned was in Nepal,

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture

t is claimed that as much as 47 percent

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 7

to by-catch and 13 to 16 percent is lost in

Get more daily industry news at the

(dairy, eggs, meat, and aqua producers). Currently, GMP+ International

Want more industry news?

Aller Aqua opens

ller Aqua Nigeria is now

ara International ASA

help both established fish farmers

This will be a great chance to

attractive and long-standing part

essar y approvals from competition authorities, and other

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 9

events and customer and partner

seven ship terminals and six dry

Cargill acquires EWOS

David MacLennan, Cargill president