Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. INTRODUCTION
500
Millions
US$ US$
Amount
in Million
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
20012002
20022003
20032004
20042005
20052006
20062007
20072008
20082009
20092010
2010- (July to
2011 March)
YEAR
Year
Leather
Footwear
Leather Products
Total
25
TABLE I
Structure of tanneries in Bangladesh3
Number of
tanneries
7
13
45
48
Total: 113
Total installed
capacity/ annum for
all tanneries
Total actual
production/annum for
all tanneries
40 million sq.ft
60 million sq.ft
70 million sq.ft
60 million sq.ft
230 million sq.ft
30 million sq.ft
52 million sq.ft
60 million sq.ft
38 million sq.ft
180 million sq.ft
Share of actual
production (%)
17
29
33
21
100
TABLE II
Livestock population for leather industry5
Sl. No
Category
Annual kill in
millions
Average
weight/piece in kg
1
2
3
Cow/calf
Goat/sheep
Buffalo
4.00
15.00
0.50
12
1.52
20-25
26
20-22
3.75
32-35
TABLE III
Solid waste generated (kg) during processing of 1 tonne hides and skins9,11
Solid waste
Untanned waste
Raw trimmings
Fleshings
Tanned waste
Split
Shavings
Crust/finished cutting
Alexander11
Buljan9
Bangladesh
Quantity generated
tonnes per annum
120
70-230
100
300
100
250
8500
21 250
115
100
32
107
99
25
100
100
30
8500
8500
2550
27
TABLE IV
Project activities: Re-Tie Bangladesh12
G
G
channels and tanks has increased their salinity. Pretreatment techniques such as chrome recovery and
sulphide oxidation are recommended in order to avoid
the detrimental effect.
It has been suggested that waste streams are
segregated according to their characteristics to avoid
possible safety risks. DO results (nil) indicate the
stabilization action (degradation of organic matter). COD
(average 3407mg/l) and BOD5 (average 1388mg/l)
values show the presence of a very high concentration
of dissolved organic matter in the wastewater. These
values indicate depletion of oxygen from the receiving
water. The high oxygen demand of tannery wastes is
due to proteins, fatty matter, tannins and inorganic
pollutants present in significant quantities. High pH,
excessive alkalinity (average 824mg/l), very high
dissolved solids (average 7100mg/l) are injurious to fish
and other aquatic life. Their presence will affect physical,
chemical and biological characteristics and can make
the receiving water less acceptable for drinking,
industrial and agricultural purposes. However Table VI
shows that the values for the treated effluent (except
Cr/Na) are within the limits as set by the Department of
Environment15 standards of Bangladesh.
TABLE V
Tannery without an effluent treatment plant (raw to finishing; composite effluent)
Parameter
pH
Colour
Odour
DO
BOD5
COD
TDS
TSS
Na
Cr (total)
Effluent Flow
Tannery A
8.70
Blackish/dark grey
Pungent
Nil
1250mg/l
3010mg/l
6850mg/l
1910mg/l
800mg/l
1210mg/l
>40m3 /
1000kg H/S
Tannery B
Tannery C
8.12
Dark brown
Foul
Nil
1435mg/l
3460mg/l
6920mg/l
1720mg/l
770mg/l
1150mg/l
>40m3 /
1000kg H/S
9.3
Dark grey
Pungent
Nil
1478mg/l
3750mg/l
7530mg/l
1850mg/l
901mg/l
675mg/l
>40m3 /
1000kg H/S
29
Parameter
pH
Colour
Odour
DO
BOD5
COD
TDS
TSS
Na
Cr(total)
Raw
effluent
8.90
Blackish
/dark grey
Pungent
Nil
370mg/l
935mg/l
3870mg/l
1800mg/l
560mg/l
150mg/l
Treated
effluent
DOE standard
for Bangladesh
(Discharge to
inland surface water)
7.30
Absent
6-9
Absent
Not present
4.6mg/l
44mg/l
115mg/l
140mg/l
30mg/l
90mg/l
3mg/l
Absent
4.5-8mg/l
50mg/l
200mg/l
2100mg/l
150mg/l
60mg/l
2mg/l
30m3/1000kg H/S
TABLE VII
Categories of newly developed industrial plots17
SI No
Category of
plots
Size of
plot (Ha)
Approx indicative
cost per plot US$
Number of
plots
Number of
units to be set up
Total
revenue US$
1
2
3
4
A type
B type
C type
S type
0.72
0.36
0.18
0.27
103,000
51,5000
25,750
26
39
114
16
26
39
114
16
2,674,000
2,006,000
2,931,000
195
195
7,611,000
Total
8. CONCLUSIONS
Developed countries are treating Bangladeshs
leather sector as secure for investment. However, the
sector has a rather constrained demand structure in the
domestic market due the limited national purchasing
power. Nevertheless, industry insiders are expecting a
growth in the domestic market in consideration of the fact
that approximately 10% of Bangladeshs total population
(around 15 million) is estimated to have an income level
comparable to that of the developed countries. Hence,
there appears to be a large unexplored domestic market
for footwear and other leather products for Bangladesh
with an estimated demand for 30 million pairs per year.
The footwear sub-sector of Bangladesh earned
revenues in excess of US$250 million in 2010-2011. The
European Union (EU) is the biggest destination for
footwear exports with a 60% share, followed by Japan
with 30%, and the rest of the world accounting for 10%.
Bangladesh has only a 1% share of the world footwear
market.
References
1. Bangladesh Country Report, Homepage of Global Finance.2010,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2. UNIDO Expert Team, Technical Report, United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO). TF/BGD/05/001, (2005).
3. Bangladesh Tanners Association (BTA), Survey Report. 2010,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
4. Map, (Bangladesh) 2012,
http://www.worldofmaps.net/en/asia/map-bangladesh/mapbangladesh-regions.htm and
http://www.dhakacity.com.bd/dhaka_city_map.php
5. Hide and Skin Merchants Association (HSMA), Survey report.
2005, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
6. Bangladesh Export Promotion Bureau (EPB). 2011,
(http://www.epb.gov.bd), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
7. Aquim, P. A. D., Gutterres, M. and Trierweiler, J., J. Soc. Leather
Technol. Chem., 2010, 94, 253.
8. Buljan, J., Sahasranaman, A., Science and Technology for
leather into next millennium, proceedings of the XXV IULTC
Congress. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,1999,
New Delhi, India.
9. Buljan, J., Reich, G., Ludvik, J., United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO), Regional Programme for
Pollution Control in the Tanning Industry in South-East Asia. 2000.
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