Machine Design & Drawing

ME F241, MF F241

The course introduces students to

concepts and nuances of
Mechanical Engineering Design.
Specific focus is on Strength based
design of machine elements.
Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Machine Design & Drawing

The machine elements covered are Shafts, Screw fasteners, Welded
joints, Springs, Brakes & Clutches, Bearings and Gears.
The Practical classes of the course will cover fundamentals of
machine drawing and solid modeling using Solid Works.

Text Book:

Budynas, R. G. and Nisbett, K. J., Shigley's Mechanical

Engineering Design" TataMcGraw Hill.
Cencil Jensen, Jay D. Helsel & Dennis R. Short, Engineering
Drawing & Design, Tata McGraw-Hill 7th Ed. 2012.
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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Evaluation Components
EC Evaluation Component Duration
No.
(mints)

Weightage

Nature of
Component

1.
2.

Midsemester Test
90
Assignment & Surprise Test

25
10

OB

3.
4.

Practicals
Comprehensive Exam

25
40

OB
OB

110
180

OB/CB

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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Chapter 1
1. The Design Language
2. Purpose
3. Definition
4. Phases of Design
5. Constraints of Design
6. Types and Classification
7. Standards
8. Concept of Factor of Safety
9. Concept of interchangeability
10.Engineering Units

Basics

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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

BIS / IS Indian Standard

BS British Standard
AISI American Standard
DIN German Standard
JIS Japanese Standard
GOST (old) Russian Standard
CSN Czech Standard
AFNOR French Standard
ISO - International Standard
AISI, ASM, ASTM, SAE, AWS, - - 6

 Factor of safety (FoS):

Also Known as Safety factor (SF), is a term
describing the structural capacity of a
system beyond the expected loads or
actual loads. Essentially, how much
stronger the system is than it usually
needs to be for an intended load.

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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 Design factor and Safety factor:

The safety factor is how much the designed
part actually will be able to withstand.The
design factor is what the item is required
to be able to withstand

loss - of - function parameter

Design factor
maximum allowable parameter
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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 Margin of safety
Many government agencies and industries
(such as aerospace) use margin of safety
(MoS or M.S.) to describe the ratio of the
strength of the structure to the
requirements. There are two separate
definitions for the margin of safety

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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 Reserve factor
A measure of strength (used in Europian
countries) is the Reserve Factor (RF).
With the strength and applied loads
expressed in the same units, the Reserve
Factor is defined as:
RF = Proof Strength / Proof Load
Or
RF = Ultimate Strength / Ultimate Load
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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Ranges of safety factor

Buildings commonly use a factor of safety of 2.0 for each structural
member. The value for buildings is relatively low because the loads
are well understood and there are redundant structures. Pressure
vessels use 3.5 to 4.0, automobiles use 3.0, and aircraft and
spacecraft use 1.2 to 3.0 depending on the application and
materials. Ductile, metallic materials tend to use the lower value
while brittle materials use the higher values. The field of aerospace
engineering uses generally lower design factors because the costs
associated with structural weight are high (i.e. an aircraft with an
overall safety factor of 5 would probably be too heavy to get off the
ground). This low design factor is why aerospace parts and
materials are subject to very stringent quality control and strict
preventative maintenance schedules to help ensure reliability. A
usually applied Safety Factor is 1.5, but for pressurized fuselage it is
2.0, and for main landing gear structures it is often 1.25.
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Prof. M S Dasgupta, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

 Interchangeability:
Interchangeable parts are parts
(components) that are, for practical
purposes, identical. They are made to
specifications that ensure that they are so
nearly identical that they will fit into any
assembly of the same type.
One such part can freely replace another,
without any custom fitting.
-- End --

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