Lecturer :

Dr. Mohd Fadzil Faisae b. Ab. Rashid

Synopsis
- This course introduces hydraulic system, hydraulic
components, hydraulic system design, pneumatics
system, pneumatic components, pneumatic system
design, electro fluid power system and its design,
as well as programmable logic controller (PLC) and
its design.

By the end of semester, students should be able to:

CO1: Explain and apply basic hydraulic system
knowledge
CO2: Explain and apply basic pneumatic system
knowledge
CO3: Design and analyze electro fluid power
system with electro components
CO4: Design and analyze hydraulic and pneumatic
system using Programmable Logic Controller
CO5: Apply related software and equipment to
simulate and setting up hydraulic and pneumatic
system

 Mid-Exam
Laboratory
Assignment

Quiz
Final

Total

Exam

30%
10%
10%
10%
40%
100%

1. Esposito A, 2008, Fluid Power with Applications, 7th Ed.,

Prentice Hall
2. Ilango S. and Soundararajan V., 2007, Introduction to
Hydraulics and Pneumatics, Prentice Hall of India
3. Parr, A. (2002). Hydraulics and Pneumatic: A Technicians
and Engineer Guide. 2ed. Butterworth Heinemann.
4. Norvelle, F.D. (2002). Fluid Power technology. West
Publishing Company
5. Pinshes, M.J. and Ashby, J.G. (2002). Power Hydraulics,
Pearson Prentice-Hall, Inc.
6. Croser, P and Ebel, F (2000). Pneumatic: Basic Level Text
Book. Festo Didactic GmbH & Co.

The first and most wonderful hydraulic

system. It includes a double pump delivering
a fluid flow rate of about 10 L/min at 0.16
bar maximum pressure. This pump feeds a
piping network stretching more than 100,000
km. Thats nearly two and a half times around
the Earth. It operates continuously for a very
long time, mostly maintenance free.

It is the human blood

circulatory system. By
the age of 50 years,
the hearts of 10 men
should have pumped
a volume of blood
equaling that of the
great Egyptian
pyramid (2,600,000
m3).

What is hydraulic?
What is pneumatic?
What is fluid power?

FLUID POWER
Hydraulics

Pneumatics

Liquid-based
systems

Gas-based systems

Water, oil (more

commonly used)

Compressed air,
nitrogen
(occasionally
used)

Technology that deals with generation,

control and transmission of power, using
pressurized fluids
Hydraulics when the fluid is liquid
Pneumatics when the fluid is gas

Science of forces movement transmitted by

means of liquids
Hydro-mechanics hydrostatics
- hydrodynamics
Hydrostatics - the power is transmitted by
increasing the pressure energy of liquid. E.g.
car lifter, forklift etc.
Hydrodynamics - power systems is transmitted
by increasing the kinetic energy of liquid.
These systems include a rotodynamic pump,
a turbine, and additional control elements.

Electrical

Hydraulic

Pneumatic

Energy source

Usually from
outside supplier

Electric motor or
diesel driven

Electric motor or
diesel driven

Energy storage

Limited (batteries)

Limited
(accumulator)

Good (reservoir)

Distribution system

Excellent, with
minimal loss

Limited, basically a
local facility

Good

Energy cost

Lowest

Medium

Highest

Rotary actuators

AC & DC motors.
Good control on DC
motors, AC motors
cheap.

Low speed. Good

control. Can be
stalled.

Wide speed range,

Accurate speed
control difficult

Electrical

Hydraulic

Pneumatic

Linear actuators

Short motion via

solenoid.
Otherwise, via
mechanical
conversion.

Cylinders. Very high Cylinders. Medium

force.
force.

Controllable force

Possible with
solenoid & DC
motors.
Complicated by
need for cooling.

Controllable high
force.

Controllable
medium force.

Points to note

Danger from
electric shock

Leakage dangerous
and unsightly. Fire
hazard.

Noise

1. Very high force despite small components (if pneumatics,

bigger components are needed for high force, thus, incur high
cost as well as wastage of compressed air)
2. Very slow and linear movements (if pneumatics, too slow will
create jerking on the cylinder)

3. Very exact positioning (stops exactly on a point). Compared

to pneumatics, theres a tolerance and if a load is given, it will
move a little.
4. Start-up under heavy loads (Possible to start the motor &
process a job with a load attached to it. This is because there
is oil in the actuator though the pump is idling).

6. When overload, stall without damage

7. Better power/weight ratio

8. Fluid is non compressible

1. Slow movement of actuators (Pneumatics

are faster)
2. Messy (Leakage may occur and if not
bothered, the surrounding area could be
messy. However, constant cleaning could
avoid messy.)

3. Dangerous!

i. It produces extreme pressure and if theres a

leakage, oil will be forced out. Stopping the
flow with bare hand would result in a
punctuated wound.
ii. While in process, oil became hot and
flammable (though not easily happened).
Therefore, it is advisable to control the
temperature by limiting it (turning off the
machine if the limit is exceeded).

Machines hydraulic presses, drilling, milling, bending,

cutting, CNC
Aerospace plane landing wheel
Defense tanks, gun moving mechanism
Marine opening and closing storage, safety doors
Dam lifting and lowering gates
Construction crane, excavator, concrete mixer, etc

Mobile Hydraulics

Stationary Hydraulics

Using manual hydraulics to control

Using electro-hydraulics to control

Crane

Press machine

Excavator

Molding machine

Back-hoe

Lathe machine