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ABSTRACT
We apply integral transformation techniques to study thermoelastic response of a thick
annular disc, in general in which sources are generated according to the linear function of the
temperature, with boundary conditions of the radiation type. The results are obtained as series
of Bessel functions. Numerical calculations are carried out for a particular case of a thick disc
made of Aluminum metal and the results are depicted in figures.
Keywords: Transient response, thick disc, temperature distribution, thermal stress, integral
transform
1 INTRODUCTION
As a result of the increased usage of industrial and construction materials the interest in
isotropic thermal stress problems has grown considerably. However there are only a few
studies concerned with the two-dimensional steady state thermal stress. Nowacki [9] has
determined steady-state thermal stresses in a thick circular plate subjected to an axisymmetric
temperature distribution on the upper face with zero temperature on the lower face and
circular edge. Wankhede [6] has determined the quasi-static thermal stresses in circular plate
subjected to arbitrary initial temperature on the upper face with lower face at zero
temperature. However, there arent many investigations on transient state. Roy Choudhuri [7]
has succeeded in determining the quasi-static thermal stresses in a circular plate subjected to
transient temperature along the circumference of circular upper face with lower face at zero
temperature and the fixed circular edge thermally insulated. Noda et al. [5] have considered a
circular plate and discussed the transient thermoelastic-plastic bending problem, making use
of the strain increment theorem. In a recent work, some problems have been solved by Noda
et al. [5] and Kulkarni et al. [8]. In all aforementioned investigations an axisymmetrically
heated plate has been considered. Recently, Nasser [3, 4] proposed the concept of heat sources
in generalized thermoelasticity and applied to a thick plate problem. They have not however
considered any thermoelastic problem with boundary conditions of radiation type, in which
sources are generated according to the linear function of the temperatures, which satisfies the
time-dependent heat conduction equation. From the previous literatures regarding thick
annular disc as considered, it was observed by the author that no analytical procedure has
been established, considering internal heat sources generation within the body. The success of
Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 7 (7): 57-73, 2011.
58
this novel research mainly lies with the new mathematical procedures with a much simpler
approach for optimization for the design in terms of material usage and performance in
engineering problem, particularly in the determination of thermoelastic behaviour in thick
disc engaged as the foundation of pressure vessels, furnaces, etc.
This paper is concerned with the transient thermoelastic problem in a thick annular disc in
which sources are generated according to the linear function of temperature, occupying the
space D {( x, y, z ) R 3 : a ( x 2 y 2 )1 / 2 b, h z h}, where r ( x 2 y 2 )1 2 with radiation type
boundary conditions.
r
2 (r , z, t , )
r
r
t
(1)
(2)
And
T (r , z , t ) (r , z , t ) exp 0 ( )d ,
(r , z , t ) (r , z , t ) exp 0 ( )d
(3)
(r r0 ) ( z z 0 )
exp( t ), a r0 b, h z 0 h, 0
2 r0
Substituting equations (2) and (3) to the heat conduction equation (1), one obtains
1 T 2T
T
r
2 (r , z, t )
t
r r r z
(4)
59
where is the thermal diffusivity of the material of the disc (which is assumed to be
constant), subject to the initial and boundary conditions
M t (T ,1, 0, 0) T0
for all a r b , h z h
(5)
M r (T ,1, k1 , a) 0, M r (T ,1, k 2 , b) 0
for all h z h , t 0
(6)
for all a r b , t 0
(7)
where the prime ( ^ ) denotes differentiation with respect to ; (r r0 ) is the Dirac Delta
function having a r0 b ; 0 is a constants; exp( t ) (r r0 ) is the additional sectional heat
available on its surface at z = h; T0 is the reference temperature; k and k are radiation
coefficients of the disc, respectively.
The Naviers equations without the body forces for axisymmetric two-dimensional
thermoelastic problem can be expressed as [5]
ur
1 e 2(1 )
t
0
r 1 2 r 1 2
r
1 e 2(1 )
2u z
t
0
1 2 z 1 2
z
2u r
(8)
where u r and u z are the displacement components in the radial and axial directions,
respectively and the dilatation e as
e
u r u r u z
r
r
z
The displacement function in the cylindrical coordinate system are represented by the
Goodiers thermoelastic displacement potential and Michells function M as [5]
ur
2 M
,
r rz
(9)
uz
2M
2(1 ) 2 M 2
z
z
(10)
(11)
60
2 ( 2 M ) 0
(12)
where
2
1 2
r
r r r z 2
The component of the stresses are represented by the use of the potential and Michells
function M as
2
2M
2 2 M
2
r 2
z
r
rr 2G
(13)
1
1 M ,
2 2 M
z
r r
2G
2M
2 (2 ) 2 M
2
z
z 2
zz 2G
(14)
(15)
And
2
2M
(1 ) 2 M
rz r
z 2
rz 2G
(16)
where G and are the shear modulus and Poissons ratio respectively.
The equations (1) to (16) constitute the mathematical formulation of the problem under
consideration.
g (n) a r g (r ) S p (k1 , k 2 , n r ) dr , g (r )
( g p (n) / Cn ) S p (k1, k 2 , n r )
n1
(17)
n2T (n, z , t )
2T (n, z , t )
T (n, z , t )
(n, z , t )
t
z 2
61
(18)
M t (T ,1, 0, 0) T0
(19)
(20)
(21)
where T is the transformed function of T and n is the transform parameter. The eigenvalues
n are the positive roots of the characteristic equation
J 0 (k1 , a) Y0 ( k 2 , b) J 0 (k 2 , b) Y0 (k1 , a) 0
With
J 0 (ki , r ) J 0 ( r ) ki J 0 ( r )
Y0 (ki , r ) Y0 ( r ) ki Y0 ( r )
for i 1, 2
And
b
in which J 0 ( r ) and Y0 ( r ) are Bessel functions of first and second kind of order p 0
respectively.
We introduce the another integral transform [1] that responds to the boundary conditions of
type (7)
h
f (m, t )
m 1
f (m, t ) f ( z, t ) Pm ( z ) dz, f ( z, t )
Pm ( z )
(22)
Further applying the transform defined in equation (22) to the equations (18), (19) and (21),
and using equation (20) one obtains
n2T * (n, m, t )
Pm (h)
dT * (n, m, t )
2 *
r0 S0 (k1, k 2 , n r0 ) exp( t ) am
T (n, m, t ) * (n, m, t )
k3
dt
(23)
M t (T * ,1, 0, 0) T0*
(24)
(25)
62
where T * is the transformed function of T and m is the transform parameter. The symbol (
) means a function in the transformed domain, and the nucleus is given by the orthogonal
functions in the interval h z h as
Pm ( z ) Qm cos(am z ) Wm sin( am z )
Where
Qm am (k3 k 4 ) cos(am h),
Wm 2 cos(am h) (k3 k 4 )am sin( am h),
h
sin( 2am h) 2
[Qm Wm2 ]
2am
After performing some calculations on equation (23) and using equation (25), the reduction is
made to linear first order differential equation as
dT *
n,m T * H ( n , am )
dt
(26)
Where
2
n,m n2 am
And
P (h)
H ( n , am ) m
Pm ( z0 ) r0 S0 (k1, k 2 , n r0 ) exp( t )
k3
H (n , m )
exp( n,m t ) C
n,m
(27)
Using equations (24) in equation (27), we obtain the values of arbitrary constants C.
Substituting these values in (27) one obtains the transformed temperature solution as
T * (n, m, t )
H ( n , am )
H ( n , am )
exp( t ) T0*
exp( n,m t )
n,m
n,m
(28)
63
Applying inversion theorems of transformation rules defined in equations (17) to the equation
(28), there results
T (n, z, t )
m1 m
(29)
and then accomplishing inversion theorems of transformation rules defined in equations (22)
on equation (29), the temperature solution is shown as follows:
1 1
[n,m exp(t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )] Pm ( z ) S0 (k1, k 2 , n r )
n1 Cn m1 m
T (r , z, t )
(30)
Where
n,m
H ( n , am )
n,m
Taking into account the first equation of equation (3), the temperature distribution is finally
represented by
1 1
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )] Pm ( z )
n1 n m1 m
(r , z , t )
t
S 0 (k1 , k 2 , n r ) exp 0 ( )d
(31)
The function given in equation (31) represents the temperature at every instant and at all
points of thick annular disc of finite height when there are conditions of radiation type.
3.2 Thermoelastic solution
Referring to the fundamental equation (1) and its solution (31) for the heat conduction
problem, the solution for the displacement function are represented by the Goodiers
thermoelastic displacement potential governed by equation (11) are represented by
1
1
1
1 n 1 C n m 1 m n,m
(r , z, t )
S 0 (k1 , k 2 , n r ) exp 0 ( )d
(32)
Similarly, the solution for Michells function M are assumed so as to satisfy the governed
condition of equation (12) as
1
1 1
M (r , z, t )
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )]
t
1 n 1 C n m 1 m n,m
64
(33)
In this manner two displacement functions in the cylindrical coordinate system and M are
fully formulated. Now, in order to obtain the displacement components, we substitute the
values of thermoelastic displacement potential and Michells function M in equations (9)
and (10), one obtains
1
1
1
ur
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )]
t
1 n 1 C n m 1 m n,m
t
Pm ( z ) ( n 1) cosh( n z ) n z sinh( n z ) S 0 (k1 , k 2 , n r ) exp 0 ( )d
(34)
1
1
uz
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )]
t
1 n 1 C n m 1 m n,m
(35)
Thus, making use of the two displacement components, the dilation is established as
1
1
e
t
1 n 1 C n
1
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )]
m 1 m n,m
2
[ Pm ( z ) ( n 1) cosh( n z ) n z sinh( n z ) am
Pm ( z ) (4 1) n2 cosh( n z )
(36)
Then, the stress components can be evaluated by substituting the values of thermoelastic
displacement potential from equation (32) and Michells function M from equation (33) in
equations (13), (14), (15) and (16), one obtains
1 1
1
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )]
t
1 n1 Cn m1 m
rr 2G
1 1
1
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )]
t
1 n1 Cn m1 m
2G
(37)
65
(38)
1 1
1
[n,m exp( t ) (T0* n,m ) exp( n,m t )]
t
n1 n m1 m
zz 2G
(39)
1
1
1 n 1 Cn m 1 m n,m
rz 2G
(40)
4 SPECIAL CASE
Set
( ) , T0 0
(41)
t
*
2
0 ( ) d t / 2, T0 0
(42)
Substituting the value of equation (42) into equation (31) to (40), one obtains the expressions
for the temperature and stresses respectively as follows:
n,m
n 1 m1 Cn m
rr 0
n,m
n 1 m1 Cn m
(43)
n,m
n1 m1 Cn m
(44)
66
zz 0
n,m
n 1 m1 Cn m
rz 0
n,m
n1 m1 Cn m
(45)
(46)
(47)
Where
1
t
1
0 2G
In the foregoing analysis are performed by setting the radiation coefficients constants,
ki 0.86 (i 1, 3) and ki 1(i 2, 4) , so as to obtain considerable mathematical simplicities. The
other parameters considered are r0 = 2.5, z0 = 1 and .
67
The derived numerical results from equation (43) to (47) has been illustrated graphically
(refer figs. 2 to 5) for both (a) with internal heat source, as well as (b) without internal heat
source, with available additional sectional heat on its flat surface at z = 1.
0.5
4
-0.5
-1
-0.5
2
0
z
0.5
11
0.2
-0.2
-1
-0.5
2
0
z
0.5
11
68
rr
0
7
-5 108
-1 108
-1.5 108
-2 10
1
1
0.5
0 z
2
-0.5
r
3
4 -1
rr
0
-5107
-1108
8
-1.510
1
0.5
0 z
2
-0.5
r
3
4 -1
Figure 2: Radial stress distribution for varying along r-axis and z-axis for t =0.25
(a) with internal heat source (b) without internal heat source
Figure 2 shows the radial stress distribution rr along the radial and thickness direction of the
thick annular disc at t =0.25. From the figure, the location of points of minimum stress occurs
at the end points through-the-thickness direction, while the thermal stress response are
maximum at the interior and so that outer edges tends to expand more than the inner surface
leading inner part being under tensile stress.
1108
69
1
0
0.5
-110
1
0 z
2
-0.5
r
3
4 -1
5107
1
0.5
-5107
1
0 z
2
-0.5
r
3
4 -1
Figure 3: Tangential stress distribution for varying along r-axis and z-axis for t =0.25
(a) with internal heat source (b) without internal heat source
Figure 3 shows the tangential stress distribution along the radial and thickness direction of
the thick annular disc at t =0.25. The tangential stress follows a sinusoidal nature with high
crest and troughs at both end i.e. r = 1 and r = 4.
70
zz
0
-21010
-41010
0.5
0 z
2
-0.5
r
3
4 -1
zz
0
10
-110
-21010
-31010
1
0.5
0 z
1
2
-0.5
r
3
4
-1
Figure 4: Axial stress distribution for varying along r-axis and z-axis for t =0.25
(a) with internal heat source (b) without internal heat source
Figure 4 shows the axial stress distribution zz, which is similar in nature, but small in
magnitude as compared to radial stress component.
11010
5109
r z 0
-5109
-11010
1
71
1
0.5
0 z
2
-0.5
r
3
4 -1
5109
rz
-5109
0.5
0 z
1
2
-0.5
r
3
4 -1
Figure 5: Shear stress distribution for varying along r-axis and z-axis for t =0.25
(a) with internal heat source (b) without internal heat source
Figure 5 shows the shear stress distribution rz along the radial and thickness direction of the
thick annular disc at t =0.25. Shear stress also follows more sine waveform with high pecks
and troughs along the radial direction at r = 1 and r = 4, but minimum at the center part along
thickness direction.
72
In order for the solution to be meaningful the series expressed in equation (43) should
converge for all a r b and h z h . The temperature equation (43) can be expressed as
M
n,m
n 1 m1 Cn m
(48)
5 terms
0.24912
0.04513
0.00140
10 terms
0.46965
0.06836
0.00215
From Table 1, we can see that series solutions converge rapidly provided we take sufficient
number of terms in the series.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we treated the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem of a thick annular disc in
which sources are generated according to the linear function of the temperature. We
successfully established and obtained the temperature distribution, displacements and stress
functions with additional sectional heat, exp(t ) (r r0 ) available at the edge z h of the
disc. Then, in order to examine the validity of two-dimensional thermoelastic boundary value
problem, we analyze, as a particular case with mathematical model for ( ) and
numerical calculations were carried out. Moreover, assigning suitable values to the
parameters and functions in the equations of temperature, displacements and stresses
respectively, expressions of special interest can be derived for any particular case. We may
conclude that the system of equations proposed in this study can be adapted to design of
useful structures or machines in engineering applications in the determination of
thermoelastic behaviour with radiation.
73
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors are thankful to University Grant Commission, New Delhi to provide the partial
financial assistance under major research project scheme.
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