A

Synopsis Report
On

TITLE: AUTOMATIC LOAD SHARING OF TRANSFORMER

B.E. Electrical Egg.
By

Jadhav Sushil k.
Phad Ramkrushna s.
Khairnar Nitin e.
Gaikwad Amol b.

Under the guidance of

Prof. A. M. LULHE

Department of Electrical Engineering,

GOKHALE EDUCATION SOCIETYS
R. H. SAPAT. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT STUDIES &
RESEARCH, NASHIK.

ABSTRACT
This project proposes the automatic load sharing of the
transformer using microcontroller. The aim of this project is to share the load
between the parallel running transformers safely and economically. It
provides over load protection and reliability of supply system. The design of
system using PIC microcontroller is described. In this project we have used
PIC microcontroller based system and transformer with C.T. is used to
determine current flowing through the each circuit. Microcontroller is used to
make a necessary calculation so that switching of transformer for sharing the
load can be done.

INTRODUCTION
In this last decade use of electrical energy is increasing rapidly.
So the distribution network of electric power is become wide. Transformer is
the main part of the transmission and distribution network, therefore efficient
use of transformer and continuity of supply is major considerations. It is
found those distribution transformers are efficient when they are use at their
rated capacity or full load. In the distribution system may transformer
operated in parallel so it becomes necessary to use the transformer at their
full capacity to reduced losses.
The automatic load sharing between the transformers provide the scope for
efficient use of transformer using microcontroller based control circuit.
In this project AUTOMATIC LOAD SHARING OF TRANSFORMERS we are using two
transformers, one is main transformer and the next is backup transformer. Here the
load is directly connected to the secondary of the main transformer as well as
backup transformer; here two transformers are connected through the relay.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

The above block diagram gives the overview of the project in the pictorial form with
the help of the block diagram we will create pre model of the project and the
analyze the function of the project the explanation of the project with block diagram
over view is given as follows.
Power Supply Section:
This section is meant for supplying Power to all the sections mentioned above. It
basically consists of a Transformer to step down the 230V ac to 18V ac followed by
diodes. Here diodes are used to rectify the ac to dc. After rectification the obtained
rippled dc is filtered using a capacitor Filter. A positive voltage regulator is used to
regulate the obtained dc voltage.
Microcontroller Section:
This section forms the control unit of the whole project. This section basically
consists of a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with capacitors,
Reset circuitry, Pull up resistors (if needed) and so on. The Microcontroller forms the
heart of the project because it controls the devices being interfaced and
communicates with the devices according to the program being written.
Transformers:
In general, the ac line voltage present in your house wiring is not suitable for
electronic circuits. Most circuits require a considerably lower voltage, while a few
require higher voltages. The transformer serves to convert the ac line voltage to a
voltage level more appropriate to the needs of the circuit to be powered. At the
same time, the transformer provides electrical isolation between the ac line and the
circuit being powered, which is an important safety consideration. However, a line
transformer is generally large and heavy, and is rather expensive. Therefore, some
power supplies (notably for PCs) are deliberately designed to operate directly from
the ac line without a line transformer. The output of the transformer is still an ac
voltage, but now of an appropriate magnitude for the circuit to be powered.
ADC:
Analog to digital (A/D, ADC) converters are electrical circuit devices that convert
continuous signals, such as voltages or currents, from the analog domain to the
digital domain where the signals are represented by numbers.
Sensors:

This part of the system consists of current sensor. These sensor sense various
parameters of load- current and are then sent to the Analog to Digital Converter.
Relay:
In this project Relays are used to the Trip the transformer. A relay is an electrical
switch that opens and closes under control of another electrical circuit. In the
original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or
many sets of contact

ADVANTAGES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Transformer losses are reduced.

Continuity of supply can be maintained.
Overload protection is given to transformer.
Accident prevention
Transformer safety
Remove power blackout at a peak hour
It prevent circuitry from damage

Conclusion:
By implementing automatic load sharing project parallel operation of
transformers is become efficient and economical. This project also helps in
maintaining continuity of power supply by switching transformer load.
ReferenceElectrical technology vol. 3 by B. L. THAREJA
IEEE transaction on power electronics vol.19 no.6 Nov. 2004.