BC), ancient Greek scientist: father of botany. Abu Hanifa ad-Dinawari (828 AD -896 AD) PersianMuslim polymath, astronomer and botanist: founder of Arabic botany. Leonhart Fuchs (1501 1566), German physician: wrote about the medicinal uses of plants. Carl Linnaeus (17071778): Swedish botanist, the father of modern taxonomy. David Douglas (1799 1834): Scottish botanical explorer of North America and China, who imported many ornamental plants into Europe Charles Darwin (1809 1882), English naturalist and father of evolution theory by natural selection: showed that orchid's beauty was honed by natural selection to attract insect cross-pollinators. Gregor Johann Mendel (18221884), Austrian scientist: father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants. Richard Spruce (1817 1893): English botanist and explorer who carried out a detailed study of the Amazon flora. Luther Burbank (1849 1926): American botanist, horticulturist, and a pioneer in agricultural science. Charles Sprague Sargent (18411927): American
botanist, the first director of
the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University. George Washington Carver (1864 - 1943), American Botanist: developed peanut crops and products; developed methods of crop rotation. Barbara McClintock (1902 1992), American botanist: genetic structure of maize. George Ledyard Stebbins (19062000), American botanist and geneticist: developed a comprehensive synthesis of plant evolution incorporating genetics. Isabella Abbott (1919 2010), Hawaiian ethnobotanist: world's leading expert on Hawaiian seaweeds. Eduardo Quisumbing Filipino Botanist: Filipino botanist, Eduardo Quisumbing was a noted expert in the medicinal plants of the Philippines. He was author of more than 129 scientific articles. many on orchids. Eduardo Quisumbing served as the Director of the National Museum of the Philippines, where he rebuilt the Herbarium. The plant "saccolabium quisumbingii" is named in honor of Eduardo Quisumbing. Plant Gender Over the course of three years, from 1691 to 1694, German botanist and physician Rudolf Jakob Camerarius discovered that plants, or plant parts, can be either male or female. When he removed the male
flowers on one plant, the
plant produced no seeds. He then fertilized another plant using pollen from the removed flowers, and the second plant produced seeds. Therefore, he learned, the stamens could be considered the male sexual organs and the pistil the female sexual organs of the plant. At the time, this was one of the most profound observations made in the field of botany. Taxonomy Augustin Pyrame de Candolle, a Swiss botanist, developed a standard plant classification system in 1813. His system used plant anatomy rather than plant physiology. Therefore, he developed the structural criteria needed to separate plants into different genera and species. The first explanation of this classification system, considered to be the start of plant taxonomy, was published in Candolle's book "Theorie elementaire de la botanique." Cell Nucleus Scottish botanist Robert Brown discovered the nucleus of the cell in the 1830s when observing orchids under a microscope. He determined there was only one nucleus in each cell and, while it was not fixed in a specific location, it tended to be in the center of the cell. Once he discovered the nucleus in the orchid cells, he also found it in many other monocotyledonous plants and even in some dicotyledonous plants. His discovery was published in "The Miscellaneous
Botanical Works of Robert
Brown" in 1866. Photosynthesis The discovery of photosynthesis occurred in 1779 by a Dutch physician, Jan Ingenhousz, who took a leave of absence from his physician job and conducted a series of experiments on plants when he was in England. He placed plants in clear containers and then submerged them. He saw that the undersides of the leaves produced bubbles when the plants were receiving sunlight. He eventually discovered that this gas was oxygen, although the entire mechanism of photosynthesis was not discovered until much later. Carlo Allioni (23 September 1728 in Turin 30 July 1804 in Turin) was an Italian physician and professor of botany at the University of Turin.[1] His most important
work was Flora
Pedemontana, sive enumeratio methodica stirpium indigenarum Pedemontii[citation needed] 1755, a study of the plant world in Piedmont, in which he listed 2813 species of plants, of which 237 were previously unknown.[citation needed] In 1766, he published the Manipulus Insectorum Tauriniensium. David Hungerford Ashton OAM (6 July 1927 22 November 2005) was an Australian botanist and ecologist. He was the world expert on Eucalyptus regnans forests, claimed to be the most important timber species in Australia. James Eustace Bagnall ALS (7 November 1830 3 September 1918) was an English naturalist with a particular interest in botany, especially bryology. He was the author of the first Flora of Warwickshire
(VC38) in 1891. A noted
bryologist, he wrote the Handbook of Mosses in the Young Collector Series, various editions of which were published between 1886 and 1910. His botanical author abbreviation is "Bagn." John Bartram (March 23, 1699 September 22, 1777) was an early American botanist, horticulturist and explorer. Bartram, sometimes called the "father of American Botany",[4] was one of the first practicing Linnaean botanists in North America. His plant specimens were forwarded to Linnaeus, Dillenius and Gronovius, and he assisted Linnaeus' student Pehr Kalm during his extended collecting trip to North America in 17481750.
Harsant Et Al., 2013 High Temperature Stress and Its Effect On Pollen Development and Morphological Components of Harvest Index in The C3 Model Grass Brachypodium Distachyon J Ex Bot 64-2971-2983