Introduction

Danfoss Training Module-2

******
Balancing Valves for Heating
and Cooling Systems

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Introduction
Hello and welcome to Danfoss training
module
Balancing Valves for Heating and
Cooling Systems.
The purpose of this training module is
to examine the types of valves used
to balance hydronic systems, and how
to select the correct product for the
application they are to be used in.

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Introduction
This module takes around 20 minutes
and forms part of a
Continuous Professional
Development training course.
Once 3 modules are complete you can
apply to Danfoss for
a certificate of your achievement.
Now let us begin.

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The History of the

Automatic Balancing Valve
The Danfoss Group is a global
producer of components and
solutions for Refrigeration & Air
Conditioning, Heating & Water, and
Motion Controls.

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The History of
Danfoss Balancing Valve
1989

2003

2009

In 1989 Danfoss produced its first

series of MSV commissioning and
ASV automatic balancing valves.

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The History of
Danfoss Balancing Valve
1989

2003

2009

In 2003 Danfoss was the first major

valve manufacturer to introduce a
combined control and automatic
balancing valve, the AB-QM.

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The History of
Danfoss Balancing Valve
1989

2003

2009

The LENO MSV-O, unique

commissioning valve was launched
by Danfoss in 2009.
By choosing Danfoss you have over
75 years of expertise behind you

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What is a Balancing Valve?

A balancing valve is a device that

controls water flow and balances
heat and cooling distribution to
different locations.
The purpose of the valve is to enable
us to supply the correct amount of
heat and cooling to each part of the
building.

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What is a Balancing Valve?

Two types of balancing valves are
used in heating and cooling
systems.
They are manual balancing valves,
such as commissioning sets,
and automatic balancing valves,
such as differential pressure
control valves.
Danfoss have a full range of manual
and automatic balancing valves, and
aim to cover all applications.

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Why Balance a System?

Why do we need to balance our heating and
cooling systems?
A system without
balancing is in-efficient.

Let us look at an example

of why

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Why Balance a System?

The system below has
a boiler,
a 3-way control valve,
a controller,
and thermostatic radiator
valves.

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However it has no balancing valves.

This results in the first radiator getting too
much heat
and the last radiator not having enough heat.

16

23

18

25

Temperature required = 20
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Why Balance a System?

By putting a balancing valve on
each of our risers we can ensure
they each get the pressure and
flow they require.
This means heat is correctly
distributed throughout the
system.

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By getting the required amount of heat to each

area of the building, we ensure our users get the
required temperature in each of their
radiators.
Improving user comfort and reducing energy
usage is the outcome of good balancing.

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How does a Balancing Valve work?

Let us look at the
operation of manual
balancing valves.
These are commonly
called commissioning or
double
regulating valves.
Commissioning works by
limiting the Kv value in
the
balancing valves.
A Kv is a measure of an
orifice.
It is defined as the flow in
cubic metres per hour
(m3/h)
that
can pass through an
Back
orifice at 1 Bar
pressure.
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How does a Balancing Valve work?

By closing a commissioning
valve we reduce its Kv
value and thus the flow it
can pass.
By setting all the
individual valves in the
system, to deliver the
required Kv, we ensure each
area of the building gets its
correct flow.
By ensuring the correct
flow to each part of the
system, we ensure the
correct temperature.

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Measuring on Commissioning Valves

To balance a system we need a method
of measuring and calculating the
water flow.
We can therefore prove the correct
temperatures are being provided to all
areas of the building.
This measuring is carried out by a
commissioning engineer using a flow
measuring device.
Danfoss commissioning valves come
with measuring test points to enable
orifice measurement.

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Measuring on Commissioning Valves

The two types of commissioning valve
measuring points are fixed orifice and
variable orifice.
Danfoss MSV-O commissioning valves
utilise a separate Fixed Venturi
orifice for flow measurement.
This means the Kv of the measuring
orifice stays the same as the valve
closes.
Danfoss MSV-BD variable orifice
commissioning valves differ from fixed
orifice valves as the Kv of the orifice
drops as the valve is closed.

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Fixed Orifice

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Installation of Commissioning Valves

When using a variable orifice valve,
the commissioning engineer requires a
Kv signal chart to calculate flow from
the measured pressure.
Using an MSV-O Fixed Venturi orifice
commissioning valve makes
commissioning simpler than using a
variable orifice valve
For this reason Danfoss recommend
the use of the MSV-O type valve where
possible.

Fixed Orifice

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Measuring on Commissioning Valves

Traditional commissioning valves need
to be installed in a straight piece of
pipe.
Then you would need to have a length of
straight pipe equal to 5 times the
diameter of the pipe before the valve
(upstream).
After the valve (downstream) you'd
need at least 2 times the diameter of
the pipe.
This is needed to guarantee the
accuracy of measuring the flow, which
is otherwise influenced by turbulence.

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Installation of Comissioning Valves

In Danfoss LENO valves, the flow
direction is not changed like in a
traditional valve
The flow through the valve is
symmetrical in all directions.
This means the measurement is not
influenced by turbulence of other
components in the system
such as elbows or pipe-joints.
LENO MSV-BD and MSV-O valves can
be mounted in any spot that is
convenient
and they will still enjoy the
exceptionallyhigh measuring
accuracy.

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Balancing Constant Flow Pumped Systems

We use Commissioning valves to balance

constant flow pumped systems.
A constant flow pumped system is where
the pump delivers a set-capacity of
water at all times.
Let us demonstrate

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Balancing Constant Flow Pumped Systems

Here we have a system pictured with

a series of chilled panels in the
occupied areas of the building.
These have a commissioning valve to
balance, and a control valve to
control the temperature.
As parts of our system reaches
temperature, the control valve
closes.
When the control valve closes it
bypasses
the water away from the chilled
panel.

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Balancing Constant Flow Pumped Systems

By bypassing the panel the

commissioning
valve receives a constant pressure,
and constant flow from the pump.
This makes a commissioning valve,
which is a constant Kv valve,
suitable for this application.

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Balancing Constant Flow Pumped Systems

In a constant flow pumped system,

the pump uses the same energy,
whether the system is open when
people need cooling or closed
when people dont.
This makes the system very energy
in-efficient.
Because of this in-efficiency,
constant flow pumped systems are
becoming less common.

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Balancing Constant Flow Pumped Systems

Variable flow systems are the
alternative to constant flow
systems.
The use of variable flow systems is
covered in the Danfoss Training
Module 3-Pressure Control
Valves.

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Position in system
In a constant flow pumped
system, we balance using the
proportional balancing method.
Using this method we require
at all terminal
commissioning
valves:
units for local
temperature balance.
at all branches for circuit temperature
balance.
at all risers for area temperature
balance.
at the pump for building temperature
balance.

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Position in system
The pipe-work gets bigger, the closer we
get to the
pump.
For this reason Danfoss offer
commissioning valves in sizes 15mm, for
local balance, up to 400mm for large
building balance.

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Calculating Required Selection and Setting

Now we have established in what
systems
commissioning valves are installed,
and where in the system they are
positioned, we can then look at the
selection of valve size
and how to calculate its setting.
We will do this by using an example
where an MSV-BD variable orifice
valve is being selected.
Fixed orifice valves are calculated
using the
same method.

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Calculating Required Selection and Setting

For this example we will use a flow
rate of 0.55 l/s, and a valve pressure
loss of 20 kPa (or 0.2 Bar).
We calculate the size of valve
required by consulting a flow
selection chart, this can be found in
the Danfoss product datasheet.
0.55 l/s flow is marked on the chart
and a line (red) drawn directly
through the 20 kPa marker.
We follow this by drawing another
line (green) horizontally through the
Kv marker.
The smallest sized valve which can
achieve the required flow, is then
selected.
This is a DN20 valve (marked in
Back
blue).

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Calculating Required Selection and Setting

After determining the required valve

size;
the valve setting is calculated using
the
following formula
Flow(water
Rate based
[m3/h]
Kv=
systems!):
Differential Pressure [Bar]

The differential pressure loss

required in the valve is 20 kPa which
equals 0.2 Bar
(20kPa/100 =0.2bar):
Kv (m3/h)=

2 [m3/h]
0.2 [Bar]

This formula requires us to squareroot this pressure loss (0.2 =

0.447):
In this case we have flow rate of 0.55
2 [m3/h]
l/s which
Kv =
Differential
equals 2 m3/h
(0.55l/s Pressure
* 3.6 = 2m[Bar]
3/h):

Kv=

2
0.447

=4.47

Our calculation gives us a Kv value of

4.47

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Calculating Required Selection and Setting

We then consult the setting chart in

the Danfoss
datasheet, and select the setting that
gives this Kv value of higher than 4.47.
The setting value of 4.2 is then set in
the valve.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

Danfoss offer two types of threaded

commissioning valve in the Leno range.
They are the MSV-BD Variable orifice
commissioning valve,
and the MSV-0 Fixed Venturi orifice
commissioning valve.
For flanged requirements Danfoss offer the MSVF2 valve,
and for drain and isolation we have the MSV-S
valve.
Let us explore the range

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

The LENO MSV-O and MSV-BD ranges are both

two-valves in one.
They are a balancing valves
with an in-built 100% shut off valve.
And when the handle is pressed down to lock
the setting
the LENO transforms into a ball valve.
This means that with just a quarter turn of the
handle you close the valve and it's 100%
internal leakage free.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

The ball valve is completely independent of the

setting mechanism so when the valve is opened again
you return it to the exact same position as before
closing the valve.
For convenience there is an indication on the valve
that shows if the valve is open or closed.
When the valve is closed a red indicator coversthe
setting.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

MSV-O; Fixed Orifice
The MSV-O is a Fixed Venturi orifice commissioning
valve with many unique features.
Let us look at how these features affect installation
and performance
The valve is very compact and features a removable
handle.
Making installation in a confined space much easier.
The fixed orifice measuring points are positioned
independently of the setting, making calculation of
flow simple.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

MSV-O; Fixed Orifice
The valves measuring accuracy is plus or minus
8%, down to 25% of the valve maximum Kv
value, making the valve much better than what
is required by the European standard for
balancing valves BS7350:1990.
This European standard requires valves to be
accurate to plus or minus 18%, at 25% of the
valves maximum Kv value.
When using the MSV-O, locking the setting is
extremely easy. Once the valve is set we just
push down the head and the valve is locked.
This prevents the setting being tampered with
and the system balance being affected.
The Danfoss MSV-O features an in-built 100%
shut off valve.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

MSV-BD; Variable Orifice
In addition to our fixed orifice valves, Danfoss also
offer a variable orifice commissioning valve.
This is the Danfoss LENO type: MSV-BD
The MSV-BD is a user-friendly, versatile balancing
valve
which features:
-A compact design with removable head.
-A lockable setting.
-An in-built 100% shut-off ball valve.
-The MSV-BD is also accurate to plus or minus 8%,
down to 25% of the valves maximum Kv value.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

MSV-BD; Variable Orifice
The drain point on the Leno MSV-BD enables
the user to drain the circuit by opening the
measuring point with a 13mm spanner.
This enables the system to be drained from
the valve,
and removes the cost of installing separate
drain cocks.
The Leno MSV-BD uniquely features 360
turning test points, that can be turned to
enable measuring at any angle.
This feature make it much easier for the
commissioning engineer to get the flow
measurement device onto the valve whatever
the valve position.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Commissioning Valves

For applications where flanged valves are
required, Danfoss offer the MSV-F2 valve in sizes
15-400mm.
These have the option to come with variable
orifice measuring points, or to use a separate
fixed orifice measurement plate.
The MSV-F2 features:
a digital scale for easy setting and
adjustment.
a Y-shaped design in sizes up to DN150, to
reduce the overall height of the valve, this is
useful when space is at a premium.
The MSV-F2 has a high Kv value in all sizes
compared to its competitors, this prevents the
need to go to a larger size of valve than pipework, to deliver the required flow.
Danfoss offer this valve in PN16 and PN25
pressure range options.

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Danfoss Leno Range of Shut-off / Drain Valves

In addition to our commissioning valves, Danfoss

have
another valve in the Leno range.
This is a high quality shut-off and drain valve,
which is Danfoss type: MSV-S.
The MSV-S is designed to be used in conjunction
with
the MSV-BD and MSV-O valves.
In combination with a commissioning set, the MSVS
ensures accurate flow, measuring, circuit shutoff,
and drain.
The Valve features:
A 100% closing shut-off function.
Practical and simple draining.
Easy
mounting.
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Danfoss Leno Range of Shut-off / drain Valves

Now you are familiar with the LENO range we have

one
more product to look at.
This is a device to enable flow measurement.

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What do we use to Measure System Flow?

Balancing of water systems require us to be able to

measure pressure and to calculate flow.
Danfoss offer a system to provide simple,
accurate and reliable measurement.
This is done using an instrument type: PFM 4000.
The PFM 4000 uses a main pressure unit which is
connected to the test points on the valves.
The measured pressure is sent via Bluetooth
technology
to the HP IPAQ hand-held computer.
The setting value in the valve is entered into the
software on the hand-held computer by the user.

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What do we use to Measure System Flow?

By knowing the valve, its setting

and by measuring the pressure
we can calculate the flow through the valve.
When due to variations in the system, the actual
flow is not
at the required level to balance
we can use the PFM 4000 to calculate the
correct setting in
the valve, to achieve the balance we need.

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What do we use to Measure Flow?

The PFM 4000 comes with:
A main pressure unit to measure the pressure.
Hoses and nipples to connect to various types of
test points.
An HP IPAQ handheld computer with built-in
software.
A charger and PC synchronisation cable.
In-built valve details and settings for all major
manufacturers
valves (not just Danfoss).
The ability to calculate the required valve setting to
achieve the
correct flow.
Export capabilities to enable project
measurements to be
transferred to an Excel spreadsheet.
The ability to print the measured data.
A specially moulded case.
All other functions of the handheld computer can
also be used, such as Microsoft Outlook.

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Pressure Unit

Hand-held
Computer

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The PFM 4000 is a complete package to enable

accurate flow measurement and balance.
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A final review
You now have all the information required to specify,
select, and understand the Danfoss range of Manual
Balancing Valves.
Before we finish, let us review the information you
have learned.
Balancing valves are used to ensure the correct flows
to areas of a buildings heating or cooling system.
They work by closing the orifice in the valve, which
balances flow.

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A final review
Constant flow pumped systems use manual
balancing valves, these are commonly called
commissioning valves.
Variable flow pumped systems require
automatic balancing valves.
Danfoss offer a complete range of both
automatic and manual balancing valves.

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A final review
The Danfoss range has both fixed and variable
orifice commissioning valves.
The MSV-BD variable orifice valve features:
360 rotating test points.
A built-in 100% shut-off isolation valve.
A compact design and removable head for
confined spaces.
A locking function with simple push-down action

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A final review
The Danfoss MSV-O valve features:
A digital pre-setting scale which is viewable from
all angles
and a Fixed Venturi orifice for simpler
measurement.

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A final review
In addition to commissioning valves Danfoss
also offer a shut-off drain valve, type MSV-S.

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A final review
To commission the system, Danfoss offer a flow
measuring
device called the PFM4000.
The PFM 4000 features:
The capability to measure pressure and
calculate flows.
A hand-held computer with commissioning
software.
The ability to export and print project
measurements.
By selecting Danfoss you have every
application covered.

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Final Review
Congratulations for
completing your second
training module!
You now understand all that is required to
select,
and specify Danfoss balancing valves.
Module 3 has a title of Understanding
Pressure Control Valves
Once you have completed three modules
you
can apply to Danfoss Randall for your
Continuous Professional Development
Certificate.
For more information on Danfoss products
or
for Danfoss-Randalls contact details
please
visit our
Start
website at: www.danfoss-randall.co.uk
Thank you
time.
C O N Tfor
R O L your
S

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