Yank Levy

Bert Levy redirects here. For people with similar Harry McDevitt imposed a severe sentence in the peninames, see Albert Levy (disambiguation).
tentiary. After serving six years, in 1933 he was released
and deported to Canada (he was presumed to be a Cana[4][12][13][14]
Bert Yank Levy (October 5, 1897 September dian citizen at the time).
2, 1965)[2][3][4] was a soldier, military instructor and
author/pamphleteer of one of the rst manuals on
guerrilla warfare, which was widely circulated with more
than a half million published.[3][5][upper-alpha 3] He served
with irregular forces in several parts of the world in the
1920s and 1930s, most notably in the Spanish Civil War,
and was a signicant gure at the Osterley Park training school for the British Home Guard during World War
II.[3][8] Similar combat training was provided to forces in
the United States and Canada, and he was an itinerant
lecturer and provocateur on the subject.

2 Military career
2.1 Field service
He served in ve wars many of the wars and insurrections between 1911 and 1945.[11][15] Trying to nd the
truth of Levys exploits is problematic, as Levy tended to
embellish his biography.[upper-alpha 4]
From 1918 to 1919 Levy served with the 39th Battalion,
Royal Fusiliers (part of the Jewish Legion) in Palestine
and Transjordan. That tour ended when he was gassed
and contracted malaria.[3] He trained in Nova Scotia,
England, and Egypt, and was dispatched as a machine
gunner. In September 1918 his unit moved through the
Egyptian desert. The unit entered the Jordan River valley,
taking control of Es-Salt in a campaign against the Turks.
With two other members of the Thirty-ninth, he encountered scouts of Colonel T. E. Lawrence. The scouts
invited them to tea, and told them stories of amazing
feats, and Levy decided on a lifelong career in guerrilla
warfare.[4] In 192021, he was, in his own (attributed)
words mixed up in Mexico towards the end of the
revolution there. Subsequently he was involved in gunrunning in Nicaragua, where he served under General
Sandino.[5][11] In Nicaragua, he outtted a ship with sandbagged Lewis gun emplacements in case of a surprise
en route by U.S. patrol vessels. His service with the
Sandinistas was cut short when the United States and U.S.
Marines appeared, as he had no desire to ght his fellow
countrymen.[4] Another scenario is that the Sandinistas
deemed the continued reliability of Americans to be dubious as a force opposing the Marines, and they were involuntarily retired.[9]

Background

Levy was born in Hamilton, Canada to a Jewish family. His family moved to Bualo, New York when three
months old, and then to Cleveland, Ohio when he was
seven years old.[4][9] His parents were Samuel Levy, a tailor and horse doctor, and Sarah Pollock. Bert Levy had
nine siblings. To counter a frail constitution, Levy became a Boy Scout and a boxer. He grew up on the streets
and claimed that his "real education was in the school of
hard knocks".[5] At age 16, he quit school after his father
was seriously injured by a trolley. He took employment
with the Kaber Printing Company in Cleveland for four
years to help support his younger siblings.[4]
In 1916, he joined the British Merchant Navy working as a stoker.[2][10] In the spring of 1918, Levy enlisted in the Thirty-Ninth Royal Fusileers.[4] Levy continued boxing through World War I and was the regimental
bantamweight champion. After returning to Cleveland
from the war, he briey turned professional. He fought in
23 matches before retiring in order to maintain family
harmony.[9]

He married Mary Prezenter, who was a clerk. They had In 1921 Levy was employed to train Mexicans in the use
one daughter.[4] He was a pipe smoker, and played the of the Lewis gun. He left after 6 months when some
mandolin.[11]
trainees used their guns on prisoners.[5] Levy also claimed
In 1927 he was arrested along with four other men and to have participated in troubles in countries to the south
to thirty years
a woman for a series of robberies. During the search, of Mexico, and to have been sentenced
[6]
The
Levys
were now
imprisonment
for
gun
running.
police discovered a cache of guns. Levy was convicted
[4]
broke,
and
living
in
marital
discord.
[12]
He was convicted of
and sentenced to 2550 years.
the January 1927 armed robbery of a Philadelphia A&P During the Spanish Civil War Levy served with the
food market. Even for his only criminal conviction, Judge International Brigade as an ocer in the Saklatava Bat1

talion, under Tom Wintringham, from 1937. The brigade

fought against the rightist Falangists. He was captured at
the Battle of Jarama where he had manned a heavy machine gun.[3][16][17] He was captured on the second day
and there is a photo of him and other British machine gunners in the custody of the Guardia Civil.[7] He spent six
months in a Francoist gaol.[18] A protest from the Canadian government led to Levys release in a prisoner exchange for two Italian ocers something he characterized as a fair deal.[3][3][9][19] Even after all that, he still
had to be prevented by friends from re-enlisting and returning to the fray.[6] Upon his release, he went back to
Canada and personally recruited 1,200 volunteers for the
Republican cause.[9]
In 1940, with the outbreak of World War II he tried to enlist with the Canadian Army, but was refused on medical
grounds.[4][5] He volunteered to join the Canadian Army
as soon as this war broke out, and was turned down for
at feet or hammer toes or perhaps, more seriously, for
his reputation as one of the most obstreperous leaders of
Canadas unemployed.[6]

3
3.1

Training ocer and consultant

United Kingdom

TRAINING OFFICER AND CONSULTANT

lessons born of such commanders as T. E. Lawrence and

their experience in irregular war. He also recounts some
of his adventures as a guerrilla, such as the time he and his
companions trapped cats tails in mouse traps as a means
of distracting sentries.[5] Wintringham said that Levy was
the most eective communicator in Great Britain on the
tactics of commando and guerrilla warfare.[8] His primary
lecture subject was knife ghting and hand-to-hand combat.[2]
Yank Levy was not just a soldier and an ecient
killer,[11][13] but was a committed Socialist with a socialists set of values and approach, which inuenced his analysis and his goals and presentations. It wasn't just all technical stu, but was an attempt to incite the local populace
to provide for the common defense. Thus, there was an
attempt to harness the enduring patriotism of the population. Metaphors were made of Home Guard guerrilla
defence against Adolf Hitler to historical antecedents,
such as Hereward the Wake resistance to the 'heavily armoured forces of William the Conqueror. Levy admitted that Hereward was not triumphant. Seeking to mobilize popular sentiment, he urged readers to look at the
Arab Revolt and Orde Wingate's part in organising 'Jewish irregulars in Palestine'. He counseled that reading ctional accounts of guerrilla warfare would provide guidance, including those describing campaigns in Ireland,
Spain and China, such as: Ernie O'Malley's On Another
Mans Wound; Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell
Tolls; and Edgar Snow's Scorched Earth, respectively.[21]

Following this refusal, Levy worked his passage to Britain

as a stoker on a steamer.[6][20] After arriving in the
United Kingdom, he rejoined Wintringham and other In- The book had signicant impact and it received favorable
ternational Brigade veterans.[21] Levy worked alongside press. Time magazine wrote:
these other veterans on Home Guard training,[21] and was
Anyone who thinks his country will be ininvolved in the establishment of an unocial training
vaded which includes anyone now alive
school for the Home Guard at Osterley Park. The school
would do well to read Yank Levis Guerwas funded in part by Wendell Endicott (shoe magnate
rilla Warfare for instruction on to harass
of Endicott-Johnson Shoes), a Home Guard and Levys
invaders.[9][25]
lectures were well received.[4][6][8][9][22] Nazi propagandist Lord Haw-Haw dubbed the Osterley trainees to be
Osterley cut throats because of their hardened approach Time enthusiastically noted his unconventional approach:
to guerrilla warfare.[9] This was Home Guard School
#1.[20] Although the school became famous through its
Sinister Shadow. . . . The Methods of amappearance in newsreels and newspaper articles around
bush are important. A wire cable strung across
the world (particularly in the US), the socialism espoused
a road at an angle will slide a motorcycle o
by the schools instructors met with disapproval by the
into the ditch, where the cyclist can be slugged
War Oce (WO) and Winston Churchill, and it was
and searched . . . Destruction is one aim. A
taken over by the WO in September 1940. Closed in
guerrilla learns how to derail and wreck trains,
1941, its sta and courses were reallocated to other newly
blow up tanks, destroy planes on the ground,
opened WO-approved Home Guard schools.[23]
dynamite bridges. In taking sentries, advises
While lecturing there Wintringham helped Levy write
Mr. Levy, the back is the best approach. If that
his book described by some as a war pamphlet[24]
is not possible, the guerrilla covers the sentry
Guerrilla Warfare as a practical manual.[9] It originated
with his revolver, steps on his foot, unbuttons
in the lectures given at Osterley Park, and had much to
his tunic and jerks it down over his arms to lock
say about close quarters combat. This was published in
them. You may slap his ears with the revolver
mass market paperback in Britain and the U.S. and ran
barrel, to intimidate him. . . . You should
to several editions. Levy advocated guerrilla warfare as a
also drop his trousers to lock his feet. . . . Indemocratic means of combating fascism, frequently atvisible weapons might include: a . . . ladys
tacking the military establishment who overlooked the
hatpin, or a wrist knife strapped to the wrist

3.3

Canada

Secretary of State Cordell Hull.[9] Under the direction

of General Sherman Miles, who was commanding the
First Corps, Levy taught 30 soldiers and 76 members
of the National Guard, training them to act as partisans
in Concord, Massachusetts. The location, by the rude
bridge that arched the ood see the Concord Hymn
by Ralph Waldo Emerson was not coincidental, but
was intended to be a call to arms and to invoke the mystique of the Minutemen.[9] He was the rst instructor at
the school.[13] The mantra was that an indigenous civilian population could rise up and skillfully harass, destroy,
They believed that well-trained irregulars could under- debilitate, resist and kill an occupying enemy this was
counter to the conventional wisdom, as guerrilla warfare
mine tanks and the Blitzkrieg. As Wintringham noted:
was deemed unclean and harsh at the time. There would
be no adherence to the Marquess of Queensberry Rules.
The guerrilla, on the other hand, can exHe was trying to impart the methods he taught to the
ert against the communications of any enemy
Home Guard, while preaching the scorched earth policies
force, against his dumps as well as his lorries
that had been ordered by Josef Stalin to thwart the Nazis
his headquarters as well as his stragglers, a conwho were invading the Soviet Union. Homeland defense
tinual pressure a threat that wears out men and
was to be an opportunistic counterpunch.[22] The Soviforces. And guerrilla warfare is a method of
ets had demonstrated that partisans could attack enemy
ghting a useful method, that will, I believe,
logistics and lines of communication, thereby disrupting
in future campaigns become absolutely essenthe onslaught of mechanized warfare.[6] As he later told
tial to successthat can be achieved and develspectators at Harvard University:
oped by democracies and by socialist societies,
but cannot be developed by Fascism, particuInvisibility is better than protection and
larly in the areas where Fascism rules by force
intimate
knowledge of terrain is most imporagainst the will of the population. Successtant.
Utilizing
this knowledge of the countryful guerrilla ghting needs the self-condence
side
and
employing
guerilla tactics, units of the
and initiative of millions of free men, the supHome
Guard
have
defeated
troops of the Regport at risk and at heavy sacrice of almost all
ular
Army
in
war
games
in
Britain.
With such
the population, and a feeling of close comradeunits
in
every
town
and
hamlet,
the
English
ship and solidarity between the guerrilla troops
people
form
a
widespread
web
to
trap
an inand any regular army and air force support[15]
vader
from
any
direction.
ing them. The Nazis cannot get these qualities
at their service, in any of the occupied countries of Europe, even in Italy. We can. And
3.3 Canada
therefore we should not think of guerrilla warfare only in terms of the present heroism of
Throughout World War II, he continued to proselytize the
the Soviet Union, or a possible future resisneed for a home guard in America, Canada and Great
tance to invasion in this country. We should
Britain, and to teach that guerrilla warfare was a key inthink of it also in terms of our own invasion of
gredient of an eective defense.[26] He taught the Pacic
the Continent. We should be looking for ways
Coast Militia Rangers in Canada, as it was felt that they
of ghting, and combinations between ways of
needed more than home grown expertise.[27]
ghting that can enable a democratic force inHe was a trainer of forces at Nanaimo, Vancouver Isvading Hitlers Europe to mobilize and use the
land that were going to invade the Aleutian Islands in
enormous power of the hundred million alOperation Cottage.[9]
lies who can be ours.[6]
with the hilt downwards; a knife hung around
the neck; a small revolver held up the sleeve by
rubber bands; a stiletto with a nine-inch blade.
. . . a hammer, cheese-cutters (wires with
wooden handles, handy for garroting); a handkerchief with a stful of sand in it. Besides
blankets, extra socks, binoculars, ries, burnt
cork to blacken the face, etc., an important part
of the equipment is 25 to 30 yards of shline.
. . . [and] booby traps.[25]

That the handbook was available for 1725 per copy was 3.4 World War II: later years
a factor in its being widely circulated. Over a half million
copies were printed.[8][9][upper-alpha 5]
In 1943 Levy designed a combat knife, which he unsuccessfully tried to patent and market through the cutlers
W. R. Case & Sons.[2][4][28]

3.2

United States

Subsequently he returned to lecture in America[29] as an

Despite having been deported from the United States in advance party when Wintringham was invited to start an
1933, his prociency caused the United States to take Osterley style school in San Bernardino. The school was
him back so he could train soldiers[2] at the request of abandoned when the two local Home Guard commanders

shot each other during an argument. Levy gave a successful US lecture tour and had his face pictured on the
cover of Life Magazine proclaiming him to be an: Ace
Guerrilla, and having a multipage story titled How to be a
Guerrilla.[22] Later, he returned to the UK to form part of
Wintringhams occasional 'ying squads mobile training units which toured provincial Home Guard units in
temporary, often unocial, training camps.[2]
After appearing at Harvard University, where he was
billed as an Instructor in cad warfare for the British
Commandos, Bert Yank Levy, veteran of every war or
revolution since 1911, spoke on his work to a mixed gathering of the Naval Supply Corps, Harvard ROTC, and
students on Monday in the Stadium. He particularly emphasized the need for individual civilian warfare. He lectured on the Home Guard and the tactics of insurgency.
The Harvard Crimson noted: ""Yank expects to leave
this country within a few days to return to Britain, where
Goebbels has promised that he will be among the rst to
be shot when the Germans capture England.[15]
The United States Infantry Journal called him the greatest instructor on defensive ghting.[8] His life story was
illustrated in a comic book entitled Jewish War Heroes,
published by the Canadian Jewish Congress in January
1944.[10]
His approach to asymmetrical warfare was seen by
some as an unfortunate portent of post-World War II
conicts.[9][29]

Postwar career and legacy

In 1946, he sought to go to Palestine, and led a passport

request with the U.S. federal government. His request was denied ostensibly because of potential diplomatic problems associated with his championing guerrilla warfare and dirty tricks that he taught to the Home
Guard.[4]

REFERENCES

Levy suered a heart attack in 1965 that led to his death

and the derailment of a planned biography, based on his
memorabilia and correspondence, with writer Don Dwiggins; as of 2014, this source material survived in Los
Angeles.[4] In 2006 it was announced that an American
writer, Todd Winer, was conducting research for a biography which promises to be fascinating reading, with
Levy as a latter day Stephen Crane or Jack London.[30]
Levys reputation continues to depend on his World War
II textbook. It was reissued in 2009 as: Guerrilla Warfare: An Infantry Journal.[31] Levy was also covered in
Liberty Magazine, November 21, 1942; American Rieman, May 1942; Coronet, October 1942; and The Christian Science Monitor, June 17, 1942. The New York Times
also carried an obituary on September 5, 1965.[4][8] In
1965, researcher and author Robert Emmett Johnson corresponded with Levy about the latters involvement in
Nicaragua.[4]

5 Published works
Levy, Yank Bert (1964) [1942].
Guerrilla
Warfare (PDF). Foreword by Tom Wintringham
(1942?); Introduction to the 1964 edition by
Franklin Mark Osanka; 1964 Editors Notes by
Robert K. Brown. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin
Press. ISBN 0-87364-020-9. Archived from the
original (PDF) on April 22, 2014. Retrieved April
15, 2014.

6 See also
Guerrilla Warfare by Che Guevara
History of guerrilla warfare
International Brigades order of battle

Jewish Legion
On April 15, 1954, he was pardoned by Pennsylvania
On Guerrilla Warfare by Mao Zedong
Governor John S. Fine for the 1927 conviction for armed
robbery.[4] He had served six years of a 2550 year sentence, before being deported to Canada. He thereafter
learned that he was by birth an American citizen, and that 7 References
the deportation was illegal. His lawyer invoked Levys
chronic arthritis and penury, his law abiding conduct with Notes
his wife and daughter in Los Angeles, and his list of good
works in helping the war eort. The petition for executive [1] Id#: 0604036 Levy, Bert (Yank) September 2, 1965
Cleveland Plain Dealer; Cleveland Necrology File, Reel
clemency was approved by the state parole board, and
#129. Notes: Levy. Bert (Yank) Levy husband of Mae,
then the governor. He was represented by Hanley Rubenfather of Mrs. Toby Rosen, and grandfather, brother of
sohn, a Philadelphia attorney, who said that Levy only
Harry (deceased) and Mrs. Rose Levy (deceased), Mrs.
wanted to wipe out the one blot on his record, so that
Sadie Diamond (deceased), Mrs. Jennie Applebaum, of
[12][14]
At the time of his pardon,
he could live in peace.
Cleveland, Mrs. Bessie Armour, of Los Angeles, Alex L.,
Levy was in hospital. Medical expenses had dissipated
of Battle Creek, Mrs. Hilda Nibur, of Los Angeles, and
his earnings from lectures and book sales. His attorney
Morris of Cleveland,Ohio passed away in Los Angeles, on
for the pardon proceeding concluded that he had paid his
Thursday, September 2. Services in Los Angeles Sunday,
debt to society.[13]
September 5. [1]

[2] One source mistakenly states that his date of death was
February 9, 1965. However, it appears that this was due
to a failure to appreciate the use of a d/m/y format, and
that numbers were transposed.[2]
[3] According to one source, Wittringham was the primary
author. Transcribers note: The book from which this
introduction comes, was written by Tom Wintringham,
based upon the experience of both Wintringham and
Levy, but calling heavily upon Wintringhams historical
and theoretical knowledge. This introduction, not published in American post-war reprints of the book, acknowledges Wintringhams authorship of the book. [6][7]
[4] Like some other soldiers of fortune (e.g., William E. Fairbairn), Levy was fond of making up stories to enhance his
prowess as an adventurer".[4]
[5] At that level of publication, it rivaled another famous
American pamphlet, Thomas Paine's Common Sense.

Citations
[1] Lynch, Lace (April 3, 2012) [1965]. RootsWeb: LEVYL [LEVY] obits mentioning Bert Levy - Cleveland, Ohio.
archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 5 September 1965; Plain
Dealer; Cleveland Necrology File, Reel #129. Archived
from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 21,
2014.
[2] Matthews, Phil (2006). Yank Levy Part One: The Combatives Freedom Fighter. CQB Services. Archived from
the original on April 20, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2007.
[3] Sugarman, Martin. Against Fascism Jews who served
in The International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War
(PDF). Jewish Virtual Library. pp. 9, 77. Archived
(PDF) from the original on April 20, 2014. Retrieved
April 16, 2014.
[4] Levine, Allan E.. Bert Yank Levy. American National
Biography on line. Oxford University Press. Archived
from the original on April 20, 2014. Retrieved April 16,
2014.
[5] Levy, Yank (1942). Guerrilla warfare. New York, NY
; Washington, D.C.: Penguin; Infantry Journal.
[6] Wintringham, Tom H.; Levy, Yank (2008) [1941].
Guerrilla Warfare, Introduction Source: Guerrilla Warfare, by Yank Levy. Marxists Internet Archive. Transcription by Phyll Smith; HTML Markup by Brian Reid
(UK ed.). Penguin Special S102. pp. 510. Archived
from the original on April 20, 2014. Retrieved April 20,
2014.
[7] Cullen, Stephen (2006). Home Guard Socialism: A Vision of a Peoples Army (PDF). Coventry: University of
Warwick. p. 25. Archived (PDF) from the original on
April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
[8] Bert Yank Levy (PDF). Redpath Chautauqua Collection (Brochure). White Plains, New York: The Redpath
Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 20,
2014. Retrieved April 16, 2014. republished at The University Libraries, University of Iowa

[9] Levy, Yank Bert (1964) [1942]. Guerrilla Warfare

(PDF). Introduction to the 1964 edition by Franklin Mark
Osanka; 1964 Editors Notes by Robert K. Brown. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-87364-0209. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 21, 2014.
Retrieved April 15, 2014.
[10] Rae, George Menendez, Pencils (February 1944). Jewish
War Heroes (Comic book) (1). Canadian Jewish
Congress. p. 3. Archived from the original on April 18,
2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
[11] "'Yank' Levy Demonstrates How to Kill Quickly, Easy.
The Milwaukee Journal. November 30, 1943. Retrieved
April 16, 2014.
[12] Guerrilla Warfare Expert Pardoned: Yank Levy
Cleared of Holdup Conviction. Reading Eagle (Reading,
Pennsylvania). April 21, 1954. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
[13] "'Master of the Quiet Kill' Wants Complete Pardon. The
Victoria Advocate (Victoria, Texas). March 16, 1954. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
[14] Governor Pardons Bert Yank Levy. Gettysburg Times
(Gettysburg, Pennsylvania). April 21, 1954. p. 3. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
[15] Levy, Commandos Teacher, Talks on Guerrilla Warfare:
Shows Ways to Dispatch Sentries and Impede Tanks.
Harvard Crimson (Cambridge, Massachusetts). July 15,
1942. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
[16] scwbb37@yahoo.com (2010). English Captain, TW,
Levy On MG Trench Attack. Jarama Battleeld British
Section 2010. pp. 221226. Archived from the original
on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
[17] scwbb37@yahoo.com (2010). Jarama 2010. Jarama
Battleeld British Section 2010. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
[18] Prisoners of War-Jarama 1937. International Brigades
in Spain. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014.
Retrieved April 20, 2014.
[19] Baxell, Richard (September 6, 2012). Unlikely Warriors: The British in the Spanish Civil War and the Struggle Against Fascism (Hardcover). London: Aurum Press
Limited. ISBN 978-1-84513-697-0.
[20] ""Yank Levy. penguin.co.uk. Penguin Books. April 21,
2014. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
[21] Cullen, Stephen (2006). Home Guard Socialism: A Vision of a Peoples Army (PDF). Coventry: University of
Warwick. pp. 15, 2526. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
[22] . Photo credits Dmitri Kessel. How to be a Guerrilla:
'Yank' Levy preaches the art he has practiced ('Yank' Levy
Teaches Guerrilla Fighting)". Life 13 (7). frontcover; 40
43, 45. August 17, 1942. Retrieved April 22, 2014.

[23] Tom Wintringham. History Learning Site. February 16,

2011. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
[24] Levy, Bert Yank (1941). Guerrilla Warfare (PDF). Introduction by Tom Wintringham. Victoria, Australia. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
[25] You, Too, May Be a Guerrilla. Time. XXXIX (11).
March 16, 1942. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
[26] Greene, Paul B. (August 6, 1942). He Teaches Toughness to Soldiers (PDF). The Sentinel: American Jewish
Weekly. CXXVII (6) (Chicago). Archived (PDF) from
the original on April 17, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
[27] Lackenbauer, P. Whitney (Autumn 2007). Guerrillas in
Our Midst: The Pacic Coast Militia Rangers, 194245.
BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly (Vancouver,
British Columbia: University of British Columbia) (155):
53. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
[28] Applegate, Rex, Colonel; Melson, Chuck, Major
(September 1, 1998). The Close-Combat Files of Colonel
Rex Applegate. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. p. 126.
ISBN 978-0-87364-998-8.
[29] Soutar, Arch (January 24, 1945). Yank Levy Credits Guerrillas for Sapping Enemies Strength. Lewiston
Evening Journal. pp. 3, 7. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
[30] Cullen, Stephen (2006). Home Guard Socialism: A Vision of a Peoples Army (PDF). Coventry: University of
Warwick. p. 46. Archived (PDF) from the original on
April 21, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
[31] Levy, Yank (2009). Guerrilla Warfare: An Infantry
Journal. ISBN 9780141039275.

Further reading
Baxell, Richard (September 6, 2012). Unlikely Warriors: The British in the Spanish Civil War and the
Struggle Against Fascism (Hardcover). London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 400. ISBN 1845136977.
Beckett, I. F. W. (September 15, 2009). Encyclopedia of Guerrilla Warfare (Hardcover). Santa Barbara, California: Abc-Clio Inc. ISBN 0874369290.
ISBN 9780874369298
Truby, J. David (May 1978). "'Yank' Levy: Prince
among Paladins. Soldier of Fortune.
Woolbert, Robert Gale (January 1943). "'Yank'
Levy CAPSULE REVIEW: Guerrilla Warfare.
Foreign Aairs. (subscription required (help)).
Unknown. Tipton Tribune. November 1944. p.
1. Retrieved April 9, 2014. (subscription required
(help)).

EXTERNAL LINKS

9 External links
. Photo credits Dmitri Kessel. How to be a Guerrilla: 'Yank' Levy preaches the art he has practiced
('Yank' Levy Teaches Guerrilla Fighting)". Life 13
(7). frontcover; 4043, 45. August 17, 1942. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
Rae, George Menendez, Pencils (February 1944).
Jewish War Heroes (Comic book) (1). Canadian
Jewish Congress. p. 3. Archived from the original
on April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

10
10.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Yank Levy Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yank_Levy?oldid=682133195 Contributors: Topbanana, Bearcat, Dale Arnett,

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10.2

Images

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10.3

Content license

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