PERFECT TENSES

Perfect tenses in English are the verb tenses which show action already
completed or expected to be happened. The action happens before another time
or event. The forms of perfect tenses are made up of the present, past, or future
of the verb have plus the past participle of the main verb.
a. Present Perfect
FORM
[has/have + past participles]
The Present Perfect is used to say an action which happened at an
unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important, but the action
have connection to the present. We can use the Present Perfect tense with
unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, already, etc. But we can
not use the Present Perfect tenses with specific time expressions such as: one
day ago, when I was young, that day, etc. We use have in the form, because
have is the present tense of have.
Example:
I have already eaten.
I have seen the movie ten times.
I think I have met him once before.
Actually, the concept of unspecified time can be very confusing. Therefore,
to understand it better, we can associate the Present Perfect with topics such
as experience, accomplishments, change over time, an uncompleted action,
and multiple actions at different times.
We can use the Present Perfect to describe our experience or when we have
never had a certain experience. We can not use Present Perfect to describe a
specific event.
Example:
I have been to London. (This sentence means that we have had experience
that of being in London).
We can also use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individual.
Example:
My daughter has larned something new.
Present Perfect is also usd to say that an action which we expected has not
happened. We suggest that we are still waiting for the action to be happened
by using Present Perfect.
Example:
Maria has not arrived yet.
When some actions occurred several times in the past, and we suggest that
the process and more actions are possible, we use Present Perfect.
Example:

Donna has talked to several teachers about her problems in school.

Sometimes we cant define when to use Present Perfect or Simple Past.
Simple Past is used for past events or actions which have no connection to
the present. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, we have to use
Simple Past.
Example:
I have just found the flashdisk. (Using Present Perfect, because it has
connection to the present).
I found the flashdisk. (Using Simple Past, because it has no connection to th
present).
b. Past Perfect
FORM
[had + past participle]
The Past Perfect is used to say an action that occurred before another time or
event in the past. Unlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time
words or phrases with the Past Perfect. We use had in the form, because had
is the past tense of have.
Example:
I had already eaten when they arrived.
I had seen the movie before we went to Bali.
We use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another action in the past.
Example:
Vanessa didnt forgive Maria because Maria had broken her favorite vase.
Past Perfect is used when we look back from a certain time in the past to tell
what had happened before. While Simple Past is used when we give past
events in the order in which they occurred. But, if the Past Perfect action
occurred at a specific time, we can use Simple Past when before or after is
used in the sentence. Before or after shows which event happens first. Both
sentences below are correct.
Example:
She had visited her Indonesian relatives once in 2002 before she moved in
with them in 1996. (using Past Perfect)
She visited her Indonesian relatives once in 2002 before she moved in with
them in 2005. (using Simple Past)
c. Future Perfect
FORM Future Perfect with Will
[will have + past participle]
FORM Future Perfect with Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]

The Future Perfect is used to say an action will occur before another time or
event in the future. It can show that something will happen before a specific
time in the future. We use will have in the form, because will have is the
future tense of have.
Example:
I will already have eaten when they arrive.
By the time she gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.
The Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions
such as: when, while, before, after, unless, etc. We use Present Perfect
instead of Future Perfect.
Example:
I am going to go to zoo when I will have finished my homework. (It is
WRONG).
I am going to go to zoo when I have finished my homework.