Coverage: Module 2: II.G to Module 3: III.

C
II.G. Other Principles
Civil Code Articles 3, 4 & 7
Article 3. Ignorance of the law excuses no one from compliance
therewith. (2)
Article 4. Laws shall have no retroactive effect, unless the
contrary is provided. (3)
Article 7. Laws are repealed only by subsequent ones, and their
violation or non-observance shall not be excused by disuse, or
custom or practice to the contrary.

Administrative Code Book 1 Chapters 5 & 6

Chapter 5- OPERATION AND EFFECT OF LAWS
Sec. 18. When Laws Take Effect. - Laws shall take effect after
fifteen (15) days following the completion of their publication in
the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation,
unless it is otherwise provided.
Sec. 19. Prospectivity. - Laws shall have prospective effect
unless the contrary is expressly provided.
Sec. 20. Interpretation of Laws and Administrative Issuances. In the interpretation of a law or administrative issuance
promulgated in all the official languages, the English text shall
control, unless otherwise specifically provided. In case of
ambiguity, omission or mistake, the other texts may be
consulted.
Sec. 21. No Implied Revival of Repealed Law.- When a law which
expressly repeals a prior law itself repealed, the law first
repealed shall not be thereby revived unless expressly so
provided.
Sec. 22. Revival of Law Impliedly Repealed. - When a law which
impliedly repeals a prior law is itself repealed, the prior law shall
thereby be revived, unless the repealing law provides otherwise.
Sec. 23. Ignorance of the Law. - Ignorance of the law excuses no
one from compliance therewith.
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Chapter 6- OFFICIAL GAZETTE
Sec. 24. Contents. - There shall be published in the Official

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Gazette all legislative acts and resolutions of a public nature; all
executive and administrative issuances of general application;
decisions or abstracts of decisions of the Supreme Court and the
Court of Appeals, or other courts of similar rank, as may be
deemed by said courts of sufficient importance to be so
published; such documents or classes of documents as may be
required so to be published by law; and such documents or
classes of documents as the President shall determine from time
to time to have general application or which he may authorize so
to be published.
The publication of any law, resolution or other official documents
in the Official Gazette shall be prima facie evidence of its
authority.
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= Sec. 25. Editing and Publications. - The Official Gazette shall be
edited in the Office of the President and published weekly in
Pilipino or in the English language. It shall be sold and
distributed by the National Printing Office which shall promptly
mail copies thereof to subscribers free of postage.
III. A. Stare decisis
Civil Code Article 8
Article 8. Judicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or
the Constitution shall form a part of the legal system of the
Philippines. (n)
Philippine Constitution Article VIII, Sec. 4, Par. 3
Cases or matters heard by a division shall be decided or resolved
with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually
took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted
thereon, and in no case without the concurrence of at least three
of such Members. When the required number is not obtained,
the case shall be decided en banc: Provided, that no doctrine or
principle of law laid down by the court in a decision rendered en
banc or in division may be modified or reversed except by the
court sitting en banc.
Philippine Constitution Article VIII, Sec. 13
Section 13. The conclusions of the Supreme Court in any case
submitted to it for the decision en banc or in division shall be
reached in consultation before the case the case assigned to a
Member for the writing of the opinion of the Court. A certification
to this effect signed by the Chief Justice shall be issued and a
copy thereof attached to the record of the case and served upon
the parties. Any Member who took no part, or dissented, or
abstained from a decision or resolution must state the reason
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therefor. The same requirements shall be observed by all lower
collegiate court.
III. B. Type of Court Opinion
Philippine Constitution Article VIII, Sec. 13
Section 13. The conclusions of the Supreme Court in any case
submitted to it for the decision en banc or in division shall be
reached in consultation before the case the case assigned to a
Member for the writing of the opinion of the Court. A certification
to this effect signed by the Chief Justice shall be issued and a
copy thereof attached to the record of the case and served upon
he parties. Any Member who took no part, or dissented, or
abstained from a decision or resolution must state the reason
therefor. The same requirements shall be observed by all lower
collegiate court.