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I. I NTRODUCTION
IGBT technology based Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD)
using Active Front End (AFE) converter is widely used today.
Advantages of using IGBT based power converter are as
following,
High switching frequency.
Smaller turn-ON and turn-OFF times, this reduces
switching losses.
Advance PWM techniques can be used for control.
Some of the applications that require long cable between
the motor and the power converter. In this case it has been
observed that the voltage at the motor terminal doubles during
switching transients as compared to voltage at inverter end [1].
Also the high dv/dt at the inverter end due to faster turn-ON
and turn-OFF times leads to problems such as [1][12],
Increased ground currents apart from voltage doubling at
motor terminal.
Bearing damage and insulation failure at load end.
EMI/EMC concerns.
The DC bus energized using three phase diode bridge
rectifiers injects lower order harmonics into grid. When this is
not desirable along with the need for regenerative capabilities,
AFE converter is a suitable alternative [13], [14].
ISRO-IISc Space Technology Cell project: ISTC244.
T.Saboo
DDH, CMF / QCMG
AVN - VSSC
Indian Space Research Organization
Trivandrum, India
F ILTER PARAMETER
PER UNIT
ACTUAL
800
40kHz
0.5
7A
Filter inductance Lf
0.0083
0.5mH
Filter Capacitance Cf
0.0002
33nF
Snubber capacitance Cs
0.54
100F
Snubber Resistor Rs
2.31
40
40
2kHz
TABLE II
D ESIGNED COMMON MODE DC BUS FILTER VALUES
S L .N O .
PARAMETER
P ER U NIT
A CTUAL
2.92
700V
200
10kHz
The proposed dv/dt filter (LC resonant clamp filter) topology is as shown in the Fig. 1 at inverter output. The key aspects
of this design are,
1) To eliminate the voltage doubling at the motor terminal
by varying the dv/dt of applied voltage.
2) Reduce the size and cost of the filter such that it can be
integrated with the power circuit of the converter.
3) Minimization of CMC.
20
1kHz
28
1.4kHz
Filter Inductance L1
0.0455
2.5mH
Filter Inductance L2
0.0455
2.5mH
0.1
20F
0.05
10F
0.0005
100nF
Fig. 1. Schematics of an active front end motor drive with integrated LCL and DC bus common mode filter for grid and dv/dt filter at inverters terminal
for motor.
Fig. 2. Waveforms showing (a) ch1: Line to line voltage (VRY ) at the
inverter end and ch2: motor end voltage VU V showing doubling at motor
terminal, and ch3: the resulting line current (IR ) without any filter. (b) ch1:
Pole voltage (VRO ), ch3: filter capacitor voltage (VCf ), ch4: motor terminal
to ground voltage (VUg ) and ch1: common mode current on the motor side.
Scale: voltage-500V/div, current-5A/div, time-5s.
Fig. 3. Measured DC bus voltage, line current and common mode voltage
waveforms at startup of the AFE rectifier for Vdc =700V with an inductive
grid side filter and no common mode filter. Scale: voltage-500V/div, current5A/div and time-500ms/div.
Fig. 5.
Measured waveforms showing (a) ch1: Common mode voltage
VOg (50V/div), ch2: Voltage across capacitor CMg (200V/div), ch4: ground
current Icom1 (2A/div) for CSVPWM at Vdc =300V with LCL line side filter
with floating N and with mid-point M connected to ground (b) ch1: Common
mode voltage VOg (50V/div), ch2: voltage across capacitor CMg (50V/div),
ch3: current circulating within the system Icomc (5A/div)and ch4: ground
current Icom1 (200mA/div) for CSVPWM, at Vdc =300V with the complete
filter configuration.
Fig. 4. Measured CMV and CMC waveforms at the motor terminal due to long cable for the circuit configurations: (a) Using diode bridge as front end and
no filter, (b) ASD using PWM rectifier as front end and only LCL grid side filter, (c) ASD using PWM rectifier as front end along with DC bus common
mode filter and not motor side dv/dt filter, and (d) ASD using PWM rectifier as front end along with DC bus common mode filter and dv/dtf ilter. Scale:
voltage-250V/div, current-0.5A/div, time-100s).
TABLE III
T HE GROUND CURRENT, INVERTER OUTPUT VOLTAGE dv/dt, VOLTAGE
BETWEEN NEUTRAL POINT M TO GROUND VMg WITH AND WITHOUT
dv/dt FILTER AND CM BUS FILTER .
Vdc (V)
Filter
Parameter
No filter
with filter
700
dv/dt
7
3500
0.4
100
300
CM
2.5
150
0.2
20