ID.No./Seat No.

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

JAMSHORO.
FIRST TERM THIRD YEAR (5TH TERM) B.E.(MECHANICAL) REGULAR
EXAMINATION 2014 OF 12-BATCH
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Dated: 18 05 2014

Time Allowed: 03 Hours

Max. Marks 80

NOTE: ATTEMPT ANY FIVE QUESTIONS. ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS.
Q.No.
Air at 25C and 1atm flows through a 4mm diameter tube with an average velocity of
25m/s. The roughness is 0.0015 mm. The Darcy friction factor is given by the
following Colebrook White equation:

1.

D
1
2.51
2 log10

f
3.7 Re f

Determine

the

pressure

drop

in

1m

section

of

the

tube

using

the

relation P fLV 2D . The density of air at 25C and 1atm is 1.23kg/m3 and the
5
viscosity is 1.79 10 kg / m s Keep continue your iterations until percentile error

es 1% is obtained using N-R iterative technique. (Hint: Use initial guess be 0.01)
2 (a)

Idealized mass spring systems have numerous applications throughout engineering.

Figure given below shows such a system. After they are released, the masses are pulled
downward by the force of gravity. Using Newtons law, mathematical model of the
system is as follows:

Obtain the displacements x1 , x2 , x3 that occurs when the system eventually comes to
steady state by converting the above model into linear algebraic system of the form
2
K X W and use m1 2kg , m2 3kg , m3 2.5kg and k ' s 10kg / s . Employ two

iterations from Gauss Seidal Method and compute L2 - norm at the end of second
iteration.
(b)

In theory of Mechanical Vibrations, the model Mx Kx 0 gives rise to eigenvalue

problem of the type A I x 0 ; where no damping and no applied force (free
vibrations) are assumed; and M and K are Mass and Stiffness matrices respectively. If
10 5
A
, use Power Method to determine numerically maximum natural
5 10
frequency at which the system starts vibrating and also compute its corresponding mode
shape (eigenvector).
Contd on P/-2
(-2-)

3 (a)

Define the terms interpolation and extrapolation techniques? The amount A of a

substance remaining in a reacting system after an interval of time t in a certain chemical
experiment is tabulated below:
2
5
8
11
t (minutes)
94.8 87.9 81.3 75.1
A (gm)
Obtain the value of A where t = 9 minutes?

(b) The following data were taken from an experiment that shows the production of solar
energy devices in an electro-mechanical workshop:
t 2 4 6 9
P 6 8 12 13
Determine P for t = 3 hours using Lagrange or Newton Divided Difference
Interpolation Formula?
4 (a)

An experiment is performed to determine the % elongation of electrical conducting

material as a function of temperature. The resulting data are listed below. Predict the rate
of % elongation at the temperature of 52C ?
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Temperature ( C )
3.6840 3.7084 3.7325 3.7563 3.7798 3.8030 3.8259
% Elongation

(b)

If the velocity distribution of a fluid flowing through a pipe is known (see the figure), the
flow rate Q can be computed by Q VdA , where V is the velocity and A is the pipes
cross-sectional area.

For a circular pipe, A r 2 and dA 2 rdr . Therefore, Q V 2 r dr , where r is the

radial distance measured outward from the centre of the pipe. If the velocity distribution
1

is given by

r 6
V 2 1 ,
r0

where r0 is the total radius (in this case, 3cm), compute Q using

the multiple-application trapezoidal rule. Discuss the results.

5 (a)

(b)

Discuss a few linear explicit single-step and multi-step finite difference schemes to solve
initial value problems in ordinary differential equations discussed in the class. Draw
region of absolute stability for Forward Eulers Method.
Prove that Implicit Trapezoid (Crank-Nicolson) Method
h
yn1 yn f xn , yn f xn1 , yn1
2
is an A stable method.

Contd on P/-3

(-3-)

6 (a)

The rate of cooling of a body can be expressed as:

dT
k T Ta
dt
where T temperature of the body C , Ta temperature of the surrounding medium

C and k the proportionality constant (min-1) Thus, this equation specifies that the
rate of cooling is proportional to the difference in temperature between the body and the
surrounding medium. If a metal ball heated to 90C is dropped into water that is held at
a constant value of Ta 20C , use any numerical method to compute approximate
temperature of the ball after 4 minutes if k 0.25 (min-1).
(b)

Following table shows exact values, numerical results (obtained by Classical RungeKutta Method), absolute percentile Local and Global Truncation Errors of the initial
value problem given by

dy
y sin3 x ; y 0 1
dx
Do you need credit by filling the missing entries?
0
1
2
3
x
1
1.1959 2.8829 3.7933
Exact
1
1.1863 2.8500 3.7227
Numerical
----0.8038 0.3434
?
Local
----0.8038 1.1390 1.8610
Global
7.

4
3.4117
3.3608
0.3781
1.4924

5
1.4779
1.4334
?
3.0086

Solve the following partial differential equation

2u 2u

10 t 2 y 2 10
t 2 y 2
over the square mesh with sides t 0, y 0, t 3, y 3 with u 0 on the boundary
and mesh length 1

8.
I.

II.

Attempt any two of the following:

Briefly discuss that how the subject of Numerical Analysis is different from the subject of
Numerical Methods? Define following types of errors: Round-off errors, Truncation
errors, Absolute errors, and Absolute Percentile errors? Define Precision and Accuracy?
You are designing a spherical tank to hold water for newly established Mehran
University Society in Jamshoro district. The volume of liquid it can hold can be
computed as V h2 3R h 3 ; where V = volume [m3], h = depth of water in tank
[m], and R = the tank radius [m]. If R = 3m, to what depth must the tank be filled to so
that it holds 30m3? Use three iterations of the most efficient numerical technique to
determine your answer and after each iteration, determine the absolute approximate
percentile error. Also, provide justification for your choice of method?

III.

How large should n be to ensure that the Composite Simpsons 1/3rd rule approximation
1

to e x dx is accurate to 0.00001?
2

IV.

Solve the following differential equation using

f0 1, f1 0.83121, f 2 0.7076 and f3 0.6087 .
dy y x

, y 0 1
dx y x
Take only one step with h = 0.1?

Milnes P-C

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method with