Lamp load

Introduction
The specification for the lamp load allows for the fact that the switch-on current of a filament
lamp is n times greater than the rated current. The resistance only rises sharply as a result of the
filament heating up. The lamp load is characterized in the data sheets by a wattage specification.
This is significantly lower than the product of rated voltage times permissible output current. The
high switch-on current of a filament lamp is also responsible for the fact that the maximum
switching frequency is lower by approximately a factor of 10 than at constant ohmic load.
Therefore, you may only connect filament lamps to a digital output that have a total rated
wattage that is lower than the specified lamp load.
LED lamps are not affected. They are treated like an ohmic load.

Inductive load
In the case of inductive load, the impedance of the load (relay coil, contactor) depends on the
switching frequency of the digital output.
Therefore, here too the permissible switching frequency is a lot lower than that at constant ohmic
load in order to ensure reliable switching of the relay. This is due to the discharge of the
inductivity by the interrupting current via the protective circuit. If the switching frequency is too
high, the interrupting current does not abate sufficiently. As a result, the relay at the output will
not switch off, for example. Without a protective circuit, a voltage surge may occur at the power
transistors of the digital output, resultFree Shipping Luxury Modern Crystal Chandelier for
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being damaged or destroyed.

Switch
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit,
interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.[1][2] The mechanism of a
switch may be operated directly by a human operator to control a circuit (for example, a light
switch or a keyboard button), may be operated by a moving object such as a door-operated
switch, or may be operated by some sensing element for pressure, temperature or flow. A relay is
a switch that is operated by electricity. Switches are made to handle a wide range of voltages and
currents; very large switches may be used to isolate high-voltage circuits in electrical substations.
The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or
more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can
be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow
between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is nonconducting.
The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a
"toggle" (flip switch for continuous "on" or "off") or "momentary" (push-for "on" or push-for
"off") type.

Light bulb socket

Lamps are usually inserted in lampholder sockets which provide electrical connections to the
lamp and support it in the lighting fixture. The use of sockets allows lamps to be safely and
conveniently replaced (re-lamping) at the end of life, or to change power, color, lighting
technology or etc. There are many different standards for these lampholders, created by de
facto and by various standards bodies. A general coding system is a letter or abbreviation
followed by a number.[1] Some miniature lamps have wire leads suitable for direct connection to
wires; some reflector lamps have screw terminals for wire connections.

The construction of a lampholder socket defines and limits its intended use. Ceramic insulation
can withstand considerably higher operating temperatures than bakelite or other plastics. The
electrical components and wires must be designed to carry the intended current plus a safety
factor.
The contact surface area, thickness and conductivity of the metal, connection methods and
maximum operating temperature must all be considered in the design of a new socket. In
addition, mechanical factors such as shape of the socket, fixture mounting and attachment, lamp
support, ease of re-lamping and total cost of manufacture must be considered. Sockets designed
for ordinary household and industrial use have much more design leeway than those used in
precision applications.

Wire
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to bear
mechanical loads or electricity andtelecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed
by drawing the

metal

through

hole

in

a die or draw

plate. Wire

gauges come

in

various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number. The term wire is also used more
loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in 'multistranded wire', which is more correctly
termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.
Wire comes in solid core, stranded, or braided forms. Although usually circular in cross-section,
wire can be made in square, hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for
decorative purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coilsin loudspeakers.
Edge-wound[1] coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made of special flattened wire.

Component used in load lamp

1.
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5.
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5 Switches
5 Holders
1 Wooden Board
Wires
2 Probs
1 Indicator