Analog and Digital Communication Systems

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Tick the best possible choice.

Hilbert Transform .. -900 and .. +900 phase shift to all positive and negative
frequency components of a signal.
a) adds, adds
b) adds, subtracts
c) subtracts, adds
d) subtracts, subtracts
Cross correlation between a signal and its Hilbert Transform is ..
a) 0
b) 1
c) < 1
d) > 1
Modulation causes ..
a) Reduction in antenna height
b) Ease for multiplexing
c) Long distance communication
d) All of them
DSB AM signal consists of
a) Carrier component
b) USB
c) LSB
d) All of them
Message signal can be recovered for the AM wave if the Modulation index is.
a) < 1
b) >1
c) = 1
d) Both a and c
The maximum efficiency in DSB AM system is equal to
a) 11
b) 22
c) 33
d) 44
DSB AM is commonly used due to .
a) Simplicity
b) Low cost
c) Both a and b
d) Not a and b
The bandwidth requirement of DSB AM system is equal to .. that of message
signal.
a) One time of
b) Twice of
c) Greater than 2 times of
d) Both b and c
Non linear device are used to in DSB AM system.
a) Generate
b) Detect
c) Both a and b
d) Not a and b
The bandwidth requirement of DSB SC system is equal to .. that of message
signal.
a) One time of
b) Twice of
c) Greater than 2 times of
d) Both b and c
Power requirement of DSB AM is .. that of DSB SC systems.
a) Less than
b) Greater than
c) Equal to
d) Cant say
The bandwidth requirement of SSB system is equal to .. that of message
signal.
a) One time of
b) Twice of
c) Greater than 2 times of
d) Both b and c
The number of carrier is .. in ISB modulation.
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
The number of carrier is .. in QAM modulation.
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
The proper condition to recover message using envelop detector in AM system

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is .
a) fm << 1/(RC) << fc
b) fm >> 1/(RC) << fc
c) fm << 1/(RC) >> fc
d) fm >> 1/(RC) >> fc
Pilot carrier is used in demodulation.
a) Synchronous
b) Asynchronous
c) Both a and b
d) Not a and b
PLL can be used for in FM system.
a) Modulation
b) Demodulation
c) Both a and b
d) Not a and b
In superheterodyne AM receiver, the frequency of IF signal is around KHz.
a) 445
b) 450
c) 455
d) 460
Sum of the squares of the all the Bessel function coefficients is
a) < 1
b) > 1
c) = 1
d) Cant say
Bandwidth requirement in a FM system is . Ideally.
a) BW = fm
b) BW > fm
c) BW < fm
d) Infinite
Bandwidth requirement in a FM system is . In real cases.
a) BW =n fm
b) BW =2n fm
c) BW = 3n fm
d) Infinite
The value of n is chosen in FM system such that it contains . percentage of
total power.
a) At least 90
b) At least 95
c) At least 98
d) 100
In NBFM, the modulation index is .
a) << 1
b) >> 1
c) = 1
d) None of them
In WBFM, the modulation index is .
a) << 1
b) >> 1
c) = 1
d) None of them
The change in frequency is converted into change in voltage or current is called

a) Discriminator
b) Differentiation
c) Both a and b
d) Not a and b
The effect of noise is significant at .frequencies in commercial FM radio
system.
a) Lower
b) Higher
c) All
d) All of them
The bandwidth occupied by stereo FM system is . KHz.
a) 65
b) 70
c) 75
d) 85
Range of frequency occupied by L+R signal in stereo FM system is .. KHz.
a) 0 15
b) 16 30
c) 23 38
d) 38 53
Range of frequency occupied by L-R signal in stereo FM system is .. KHz.
a) 0 15
b) 23 53
c) 23 38
d) 38 53
Frequency of pilot carrier occupied in stereo FM system is .. KHz.
a) 15
b) 19
c) 38
d) 53

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The range of frequency of voice is .

a) 0 4 KHz
b) 300 4000 Hz
c) 300 3400 Hz
d) 0 3100 Hz
In telephony, .. Hz is used as the guard band.
a) 600
b) 900
c) 500
d) 800
One pre group consists of .. voice channels in telephony.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
One channel group consists of .. pre - groups channels in telephony.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
One super group consists of .. channel groups channels in telephony.
a) 5
b) 6
c) 3
d) 4
One master group consists of .. super groups channels in telephony.
a) 10
b) 9
c) 12
d) 11
One super master group consists of .. master groups channels in telephony.
a) 5
b) 6
c) 3
d) 4
psdf of white noise is .. over entire range of frequency of interest.
a) Constant
b) Changing
c) both a and b
d) not a and b
Sounds waves travel as ..
a) longitudinal waves
b) transverse waves
c) both a and b
d) either of a or b
The audio frequency range is .
a) 5 1000 Hz
b) 50 Hz 20 KHz
c) 16 Hz 20 KHz
d) 0 Hz 20 KHz
Radio broadcasts are generally
a) AM
b) FM
c) Either of a or b
d) None of a and b
Video signals are transmitted through .
a) AM
b) FM
c) Either of a or b
d) None of a and b
Pre emphasis circuits are used .. modulator in FM system.
a) Before
b) After
c) Either of a or b
d) None of a and b
De emphasis circuits are used .. demodulator in FM system.
a) Before
b) After
c) Either of a or b
d) None of a and b
Pre emphasis circuits are .. filters.
a) Low pass
b) High pass
c) Band pass
d) Band stop
De emphasis circuits are .. filters.
a) Low pass
b) High pass
c) Band pass
d) Band stop
A carrier is modulated by two modulating waves with modulation indices of 0.6
and 0.8. the overall modulation index is
a) 1
b) 0.7

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c) 0.2
d) 1.4
FM broadcast is used in
a) VHF range
b) UHF range
c) MF range
d) Both a and b
When modulation index in AM is increased from 0.5 to 1, the transmitted
power
a) Remains the same
b) Increased by 25%
c) Increased by 33.3%
d) Increased by 50%
The sequence of symbols is converted into binary sequence by .
a) Source encoder
b) Source decoder
c) Channel encoder
d) Both a and c
If the symbol rate is 10 symbols/sec and 5 bit of codeword is used then the data
rate is
a) 10 bits/sec
b) 5 bits/sec
c) 15 bits/sec
d) 50 bits/sec
Channel encoder adds some extra bits to the output of source encoder to ..
a) Detect error
b) Correct error
c) Both a and b
d) None of a and b
The channel has frequency bandwidth.
a) Finite
b) Infinite
c) Depends on noise
d) None
The unwanted change in waveform of signal at output is termed as ..
a) Noise
b) Distortion
c) Interference
d) All of them
.. distortion causes scaling in amplitude and phase shift.
a) Linear
b) Non linear
c) Both a and b
d) None of a and b
IM stands for ..
a) Interference magnitude
b) Inter modulation
c) Independent modulation
d) Intermediate modulation
Contamination of the received signal by some other extraneous is called .
a) Noise
b) Distortion
c) Interference
d) All of them
ISI stands for .
a) Inter symbol interference
b) Intermediate
symbol
interference
c) Independent
Symbol
d) None of them
Interference
The division of a branch current at a junction causes .
a) Shot noise
b) Partition noise
c) Thermal noise
d) All of them
The noise produced due to anode current in vacuum tubes is ..
a) Shot noise
b) Partition noise
c) Thermal noise
d) All of them
Analog to digital conversion consists of ..
a) Sampling
b) Quantization
c) Coding
d) All of them
Nyquist criterion for sampling is ..
a) Fs > fx
b) Fs > 2 fx
c) Fs < fx
d) All of them
The number of quantization levels is in uniform quantization if 5 bits of

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coding is used.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 32
d) 31
The quantization error in uniform quantization is where is step size.
a) <= /2
b) >= /2
c) = /2
d) =
The average power of quantization noise in uniform quantization is where
is step size.
a) = 2/10
b) = 2/11
2
c) = /12
d) = 2/13
The SQNR is improved by .. dB for each extra bit added in coding foe uniform
quantization.
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
PCM stands for
a) Phase Code Modulation
b) Pulse Code Modulation
c) Pulse Coding Modulation
d) None of them
The step size is increased if the probability of occurrence of symbol in non
uniform quantization.
a) Increases
b) Remains constant
c) Decreases
d) Both a and c
Compression of signal is done . sampling in non uniform quantization in
PCM.
a) Before
b) After
c) During
d) Both a and b
Expansion of signal is done . Digital to analog conversion in non uniform
quantization in PCM.
a) Before
b) After
c) During
d) Both a and b
Synchronization is used in multiplexing.
a) TDM
b) FDM
c) Both a and b
d) None of a and b
The T1 frame in TDM PCM telephone system consists of .
a) 100 bits
b) 125 bits
c) 150 bits
d) 175 bits
The T1 frame in TDM PCM telephone system spans for .
a) 190 sec
b) 191 sec
c) 192 sec
d) 193 sec
The signalling rate at the output of T1 multiplexer in TDM PCM telephone
system is Mbps.
a) 1.544
b) 1.644
c) 1.444
d) 5.544
The signalling rate at the output of T2 multiplexer in TDM PCM telephone
system is Mbps.
a) 5.312
b) 6.312
c) 4.312
d) 7.312
The signalling rate at the output of T3 multiplexer in TDM PCM telephone
system is Mbps.
a) 42.736
b) 43.736
c) 44.736
d) 45.736

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The signalling rate at the output of T4 multiplexer in TDM PCM telephone

system is Mbps.
a) 274
b) 275
c) 276
d) 277
The signalling rate at the output of T5 multiplexer in TDM PCM telephone
system is Mbps.
a) 460
b) 560
c) 660
d) 670
The unit of information content of a message is
a) nats
b) bits
c) decit
d) all of them
The information content of a message increases if its probability
a) increases
b) decrease
c) remains constant
d) both a and b
The information content of a message may be ..
a) positive
b) negative
c) either of a or b
d) neither of a and b
The information content of a message is if its probability is 1.
a) 1
b) 0
c) 0.5
d) None
If two binary digits occur with equal probability the information content in each
digit is .
a) 0 bit
b) 1 bit
c) 2 bit
d) bit
The value of entropy is the maximum when all symbols have probabilities.
a) Unequal
b) Equal
c) Increasing order
d) Decreasing order
The data rate of M-ary signalling is times faster than that in binary
system under same conditions.
a) log10 M
b) loge M
c) log2 M
d) all of them
The best time to sample is the instance when the eye opening is
a) minimum
b) maximum
c) half a way
d) closed
The maximum bandwidth efficiency is of the modulation scheme.
a) DSB - AM
b) DSB SC
c) SSB
d) VSB
The power consumed by .modulation scheme is the least.
a) DSB - AM
b) FM
c) SSB
d) VSB
The power consumed by .modulation scheme is the maximum.
a) DSB - AM
b) FM
c) SSB
d) VSB
Parity method is used to errors in digital communication.
a) Detect
b) Correct
c) Both a and b
d) None of a and b
Parity method can detect error if errors occur at . number of positions.
a) Even
b) Odd
c) All
d) None
In codes, the message bits are followed by the check bits.
a) Block
b) Convolution

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c) Both a and b
d) None of a and b
In codes, the message bits and the check bits are interleaved.
a) Block
b) Convolution
c) Both a and b
d) None of a and b
PAM stands for .
a) Phase Angle Modulation
b) Pulse Angle Modulation
c) Pulse Amplitude Modulation
d) Phase Amplitude Modulation
The number of non zero components in a codeword is called
a) Minimum Distance
b) Hamming Distance
c) Hamming Weight
d) Minimum Weight
The Hamming Weight for the codeword 00110111 is ..
a) 3
b) 5
c) 8
d) 2
The Hamming Distance between the codeword {010 and 111} is .
a) 3
b) 5
c) 8
d) 2
A linear block code with minimum distance d min can correct upto . Errors in
each codeword.
a) dmin/2
b) dmin
c) (dmin 1)/2
d) dmin
For detecting n or less error bits, it is necessary and sufficient that Hamming
Distance must be ..
a) > (n + 1)
b) < (n+1)
c) >= (n +1)
d) <= (n+1)
For detecting and correcting n or less error bits, it is necessary and sufficient
that Hamming Distance must be ..
a) > (2n + 1)
b) < (2n+1)
c) >= (2n +1)
d) <= (2n+1)
For detecting m error bits and correcting n error bits, the Hamming Distance
must be ..
a) >= (m+n+1), m>n
b) >= (m+n+1), n>m
c) <= (m+n+1), m>n
d) <= (m+n+1), n>m
The signal to noise ratio in a hi fi system should be at least . dB.
a) 25
b) 50
c) 75
d) 100
The non linear distortion in a hi fi system should be less than . %.
a) 10
b) 5
c) 2
d) 1
The dynamic range in a hi fi system should be at least . dB.
a) 150
b) 120
c) 80
d) 40
FSK is used mostly in ..
a) Telegraphy
b) Telephony
c) Satellite communication
d) Radio communication
If the transmission bandwidth is doubled in FM, SNR is .
a) Doubled
b) Raised by 4 times
c) Decreased by 4 times
d) halved
If there are M messages and each message has a probability p = 1/m, the
entropy is .
a) 0
b) 1
c) log2 M
d) M log2 M

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If a source of information generates message at a rate of r message per second

and H is entropy, the information rate is
a) H/r
b) 1/rH
c) rH
d) r/H
As per Shannon Hartley theorem, a noiseless Gaussian channel has .
a) Zero capacity
b) Infinite capacity
c) Small capacity
d) None of them

Note: - Do read electrical representation of binary signals as NRZ,

Polar, frequency ranges of different waves and so on.