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normal
horseshoe- one horseshow shaped kidney
6. describe the characteristics that distinguish living organisms from nonliving objects;
organization- living things exhibit a high level of organization. They expend a great deal of
energy to maintain order, and a breakdown in this order is accompanied by disease and
often death.
cellular composition- living matter is always made into cells
metabolism- living things take in molecules from the environment and chemically change
them into molecules that form their own structures, control their physiology, or provide
them with energy.
responsiveness and movement- the ability of organisms to sense and react to stimuli is called
responsiveness, irritability, or excitability.
homeostasis- although the environment around an organism changes, the organism maintains
relatively stable internal conditions.
development- any change in form or function over the lifetime of the organism
differentiation- transformation of cells with no specialized function into cells that are
committed to a particular task
10. define positive feedback and give an example of it, describe its importance
example: giving birth
the signals travel to the brain and the brain tells the pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin
polar-unequal attraction
chemical reactions release this energy and make it available for physiological work
10. Understand that energy is stored in chemical bonds.
11. Given a chemical equation, describe what is happening in the chemical reaction.
12. Describe factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction
concentration increase, rate increase
temperature increase, rate increase
catalyst can increase rate by making reaction more likely to happen.
steroids
proteins
regulation
polymers of nucleotides
genetic information
Chapter 3
1. Know that all cells have a plasma membrane and contain many specialized organelles
2. Understand the terms plasma membrane, intracellular, and extracellular.
intracellular- cytoplasm
extracellular- watery solution
3. Know the components of the plasma membrane and define the Fluid Mosaic model.
phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol
glycolipids
transmembrane proteins
Fluid Mosaic- substances such as cholesterol in the bilayer, membrane has the consistency of
vegetable oil at body temp and proteins and other substances can move across
Na+/K+ pump
contromere
chromatids
double helix
Adenine-thymine
guanine-cytosine
gene expression
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules
peroxisome
oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids; detoxifies harmful substances, such as hydrogen
peroxide and associated free radicals
proteasome
degrades ____, damaged, or fault proteins by cutting them into smaller peptides
centrosome
pericentriolar material contains tubulins, which are used for growth of the mitotic
spindle and microtubule fomration