Alcohol Induced Neurotoxicity

Korsakoff syndrome is most commonly caused by chronic alcoholism or alcohol misuse. It may also be
associated with AIDS, chronic infections, or even poor nutrition. Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic memory
disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and may causes problems in learning new
information.

Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a disorder that affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills. It usually is caused by brain
damage that happens before or during a baby's birth. This brain damage can lead to other health issues such
as vision, hearing, and speech problems as well as learning disabilities. There is no known cure yet, but
treatment, therapy, special equipment, and surgery can help kids who are living with the condition. There are
three types of cerebral palsy.
spastic cerebral palsy: causes stiffness and movement difficulties
athetoid cerebral palsy: leads to involuntary and uncontrolled movements
ataxic cerebral palsy: causes a problem with balance and depth perception

Cerebrovascular Accident
Cerebrovascular accident is a medical term for a stroke. A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain
is stopped by blockage or rupture of a blood vessel. The more quickly you get treatment for a stroke, the better
the prognosis. When a stroke goes untreated for too long, there can be permanent damage to the brain.

Concussion
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury which can alter the way the brain functions. Effects are usually
temporary but can include headaches and problems with concentration, memory, balance and coordination.
Concussions are usually caused by a blow to the head, but they can also occur from violent shaking of the
head and upper body. Concussions can cause a loss of consciousness, but most do not and is why some
people do not know that they have a concussion.

Contusion
Contusions are caused by an impact to the head from a fall, a car accident, or a sports-related mishap. They
are found most often in cortical tissue, or in areas that are near sharp ridges on the inside of the skull like
under the frontal and temporal lobes and on the root of the ocular orbit. The brain is often injured right below
the site of impact, while for other cases the injury occurs on the opposite side of the impact.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a disorder in the central nervous system where the nerve cell activity in the brain becomes
disrupted, resulting in seizures, periods of unusual behavior, or sometimes loss of consciousness. These
symptoms vary from person to person.

Migraine
Migraines are characterised by intense throbbing or a pulsing sensation in one area of the head and
commonly accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Migraines can cause
significant pain for hours or even days. Some migraines are preceded or accompanied by sensory warning
symptoms, such as flashes of light, blind spots, or tingling in your arm or leg.
REFERENCES:
Brain and Spinal Cord. (n. d). Retrieved September 30, 2015, from www.brainandspinalcord.org
Kids Health. (n. d). Retrieved September 30, 2015, from http://kidshealth.org/
Mayo Clinic - Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30, 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/