Vol37No10 Full PDF

OCTOBER 2015 V. 37 No.
10
Precast/
Prestressed
&Post-Tensioned
23 2015 PTI
Project Awards
Also: ACI Chapters
Special Section
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Ci
Concrete
international
The Magazine of the Concrete Community
OCTOBER 2015 V. 37 No. 10

PRECAST/PRESTRESSED & POST-TENSIONED
23
27
2015 PTI Project Awards

The Phig-leaf Phactor, Part 1
33
Revisiting the ACI 318 Unified Design Provisions for

Flexure and Axial Load
40
45
51
by John Stanton, Kristina Tsvetanova, and Andrew Taylor
by Charles W. Dolan
2015 PCI Sidney Freedman Craftsmanship Awards

Precast Concrete Corbels for Insulated Wall Panels
by Mohamed Elkady, Maher K. Tadros, Mark Lafferty,
George Morcous, and Doug Gremel
A Highly Automated Precast Panel Plant
ALSO FEATURING
18 ACI Officer Nominations for 2016-2017

108 Concrete Q&A
ACI CHAPTERS SPECIAL SECTION:
24
53
56
58
60
61
67
68
72
74
76
78
43
79
Building a Better Brand: Marketing Help for ACI Chapters

Leadership Training and Roundtables Foster Professional
Growth for Chapter Officers
Site Tours: A Chapter Membership Perk that Works
Chapter Award Guide is Available Online
A Recap of Recent ACI Chapter Awards
ACI Chapter Anniversaries in 2015
Student Chapters Add Value to Local Chapters
Alaska Chapter ACI at the Forefront of Concrete
Technology in the Last Frontier
Iraq Chapter ACI Advances Concrete Industry in the
Middle East
Students in Lebanon Challenged to Make Art Out of
Concrete
Puerto Rico Chapter ACI Introduces ACI 318-14 to the
Caribbean Engineering Community
ACI Chapter Directory
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | OCTOBER 2015
October
Ci
Concrete international
PUBLISHER
John C. Glumb, CAE

(John.Glumb@concrete.org)
57
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Rex C. Donahey, PE
(Rex.Donahey@concrete.org)
departments
ENGINEERING EDITOR
W. Agata Pyc
(Agata.Pyc@concrete.org)
MANAGING EDITOR
Keith A. Tosolt
(Keith.Tosolt@concrete.org)
EDITORS
Carl R. Bischof (Senior Editor),

Tiesha Elam, Kaitlyn J. Hinman,
Kelli R. Slayden (Senior Editor)
GRAPHIC DESIGNERS
On the Move
44 Education Seminars
93 Products & Practice
ADVERTISING
Barry M. Bergin
15 News
Lacey J. Stachel
(Lacey.Stachel@concrete.org)
PUBLISHING SERVICES
MANAGER
Presidents Memo
12 Chapter Reports
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
Todd Eckman
Network Media Partners, Inc.
(teckman@networkmediapartners.com)
96 Product Showcase
The Post-Tensioning Institute selected
the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
New East Span Skyway as the 2015
Project of the Year. The 452 concrete
skyway segments are the largest of
their kind ever cast and required selflaunching erection devices to lift and
post-tension the segments in place
on the cantilevers. For more on this
and the other award-winning projects,
see p. 23. (photo courtesy of T.Y. Lin
International)
Gail L. Tatum (Senior Designer),

Susan K. Esper, Ryan M. Jay,
Aimee M. Kahaian
98 Industry Focus
99 Whats New, Whats Coming
100 Calls for Papers
102 Public Discussion
103 Spanish Translation Synopses
104 Bookshelf
105 Meetings
106 Membership Application
107 Bulletin Board
107 Advertisers Index
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
Angela R. Matthews
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE

http://www.concrete.org
Tel. +1.248.848.3700
Fax. +1.248.848.3150
Copyright 2015 American Concrete Institute. Printed in the United States of America. All correspondence should be directed to the
headquarters office: 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331. Telephone: +1.248.848.3700. Facsimile (FAX): +1.248.848.3701.
Concrete International (US ISSN 0162-4075) is published monthly by the American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331. Periodicals postage paid at Farmington, MI, and at additional mailing offices. Concrete
International has title registration with the U.S. Patent Trademark Office. Subscription rates: $166 per year (U.S. and
possessions); $175 (elsewhere) payable in advance: single copy price is $27.00 for nonmembers, $20.00 for ACI members,
both prepaid. POSTMASTER: send address changes to Concrete International, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI
48331. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not
able to, nor intended to supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information
presented. Permission is granted by the American Concrete Institute for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright
Clearance Center (CCC) to photocopy any article herein for the fee of $3.00 per transaction. Payments marked ISSN 0162-4075/97
should be sent directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA. 01970. Copying done for other than personal
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OCTOBER 2015 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
IN
Ci
Concrete Futures
his months CI features a rich

mixture of themes: Precast/
Prestressed and Post-Tensioned
Concrete, ACI Chapters, and deliberations
regarding a central feature of the
ACI 318 Code. Coverage of the
primary theme includes summaries of
two industry awards programs, a report
on the development of a new corbel
detail for insulated concrete wall panels,
a note on a highly automated production
facility, and a helpful Concrete Q&A
item from the Post-Tensioning Institute
staff. The content demonstrates a strong
industry with a great future.
The secondary theme, ACI Chapters,
is also covered in several notes and
articles. Coverage shows that many
chapters have histories of at least
50 years and are still going strong in
the third (or perhaps fourth) generation
of membership. Others are very new, and
at least one has been recently formed
under less-than-ideal conditions. ACIs
Chapter Activities Department has
coordinated and assembled brief notes on
the ACI Marketing Toolkit, the Chapter
Award Guide, Leadership Training, and
Student Chapters. The content will help
all chapters persevere and prosper.
The tertiary theme is strength reduction
factors, and two articles provide insights
into the history and current issues
regarding the factors specified in the
ACI 318 Code. I believe that the articles
will be of great interest to those of us
with long histories as well as to those
that are just starting out. ACI Committee
318 deliberations on this theme will
affect our common futures.
Rex C. Donahey
American Concrete Institute

Board of Direction
President
Directors
Sharon L. Wood
Dean A. Browning
JoAnn P. Browning
Cesar A. Constantino
Alejandro Durn-Herrera
Augusto H. Holmberg
Kimberly Kayler
Past President
Board Members
James K. Wight
Anne M. Ellis
William E. Rushing Jr.
Vice Presidents
Executive Vice President

Ronald Burg
Michael J. Schneider Khaled W. Awad
Technical Activities
Committee
Cary S. Kopczynski
Kevin A. MacDonald
Fred Meyer
Michael M. Sprinkel
Roberto Stark
David M. Suchorski
Educational Activities Certification Programs

Committee
Committee
chair
chair
Trey Hamilton III
Frances T. Griffith
secretary
staff liaison
chair
George R. Wargo
staff liaison
Matthew R. Senecal
Kathryn A. Amelio
John W. Nehasil
Michael C. Brown
JoAnn P. Browning
Catherine E. French
Fred R. Goodwin
Larry Kahn
Neven Krstulovic-Opara
Kimberly E. Kurtis
Tracy D. Marcotte
Jan Olek
Michael S. Stenko
Andrew W. Taylor
Eldon G. Tipping
Cesar A. Constantino
Joe Hug
Antonio Nanni
Ronald L. OKane
William D. Palmer Jr.
Lawrence L. Sutter
Lawrence H. Taber
Scott Tarr
Ronald Vaughn
David W. Whitmore
Khaled W. Awad
Roger J. Becker
William Ciggelakis
J. Mitchell Englestead
Brian Green
Augusto H. Holmberg
Joe Hug
Warren E. McPherson Jr.
Thomas L. Rozsits
Xiomara Sapon
Michael M. Sprinkel
Pericles C. Stivaros
David M. Suchorski
Janet White
ACI Staff
Executive Vice President: Ronald Burg (Ron.Burg@concrete.org)

Senior Managing Director: John C. Glumb (John.Glumb@concrete.org)
Certification and chapters:
Professional development:
Chapter activities:
Sales and membership:
Customer and member support:
Strategic Development Council/

Marketing, sales, and
industry relations:
John W. Nehasil, Managing Director

(John.Nehasil@concrete.org)
John K. Conn, Director
(John.Conn@concrete.org)
Claire A. Hiltz, Manager

(Claire.Hiltz@concrete.org)
Diane L. Baloh, Director

(Diane.Baloh@concrete.org)
Melinda G. Reynolds, Manager

(Melinda.Reynolds@concrete.org)
Engineering and
professional development:
Michael L. Tholen, Managing Director

(Mike.Tholen@concrete.org)
Event services:
Douglas J. Sordyl, Managing Director

(Douglas.Sordyl@concrete.org)
Sustainability:
Kevin P. Mlutkowski, Director

(Kevin.Mlutkowski@concrete.org)
Website strategy and content:
Lauren E. Mentz, Manager

(Lauren.Mentz@concrete.org)
Finance and administration:
Christopher J. Darnell, Director

(Chris.Darnell@concrete.org)
Donna G. Halstead, Managing Director

(Donna.Halstead@concrete.org)
Sustaining Members
See pages 10-11 for a list of ACIs Sustaining Members.
To learn more about our sustaining members, go to the ACI website at
www.concrete.org/membership/sustainingmembers.aspx.
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President's
Memo
ACI 318-14:
Making the Transition
n the October 2014 issue of

Concrete International, I
hadthe privilege of writing
a guest Presidents Memo
(318-14 Will Be Available
Soon) about ACI Committee
318s efforts to reorganize the
Building Code Requirements
for Structural Concrete. It has
been estimated that committee
members contributed over
100,000 hours of volunteer
time in this effort. Nearly 1 year
Sharon L. Wood
later, I am pleased to report that
ACI President
engineers across the United
Statesand around the world are using ACI 318-14 and
have provided ACI with extremely positive feedback.
If you have not yet started to use ACI 318-14, are viewing
the change with trepidation, or have questions about the
placement of key provisions, please note that ACI has
developed several tools to assist you with the transition.
This spring, ACI presented 24 full-day, in-person seminars
on the reorganized Code. ACI chapters sponsored these
seminars, and the turnout was excellent. In addition, several
companies and government agencies sponsored seminars for
their employees. The in-person seminars have been well
received (the average overall rating is 3.5 on a 4-point scale),
and 95% of attendees indicated they would recommend the
seminar to their peers. The Code continues to receive overwhelmingly positive feedback at these in-person seminars.
One attendee noted: Course served as an excellent crash
course in not only the code updates, but also how each section
is intended to be used. The reorganization will significantly
assist in the understanding and comprehension of the code
byyoung engineersand another wrote: Thank you for
organizing the code!
Several of those who worked so diligently to develop ACI
318-14 continue to offer their time and insights by speaking at
the in-person seminars. The presenters include Randy Poston,
Jim Wight, Neal Anderson, Cathy French, Robert Frosch,
Dominic Kelly, Larry Novak, and Andy Taylor. This group
includes two past Chairs of Committee 318 and several
current or former subcommittee Chairs. All speakers continue
to serve on Committee 318, so feedback from the seminar
participants is transferred directly to the committee for
consideration and possible inclusion in ACI 318-19. An ACI
staff engineer also presents a portion of each seminar and

helps with administrative issues.
Twenty-five in-person seminars have been scheduled
between mid-September and mid-December this fall. The
complete list of locations and seminar speakers is posted on
the ACI website. Of particular note, a seminar was held in the
new multipurpose space at ACI headquarters in Farmington
Hills, MI, in late September.
In addition to the in-person seminars, Cathy French, Robert
Frosch, Randy Poston, and Jim Wight have recorded the
technical material in 14 modules, which are available online
through the ACI University. Through these modules, the
technical information is available to anyone, anywhere, and at
any time. Each online seminar participant has access to the
presentations for 90 days.
Later this fall, the updated Reinforced Concrete Design
Handbook (ACI SP-17(14)) will be available for purchase.
This document includes 15 chapters with discussions of design
principles, design aids, and 68 detailed design examples illustrating how the Code provisions are applied. It provides detailed
information on the entirely new chapters in ACI 318-14, which
address structural systems, durability, and diaphragms. ACI
SP-17 is being developed by ACI engineering staff, with
oversight and review by the Technical Activities Committee.
ACI 318-14 has generated a lot of excitement and many
users have switched from previous versions. In many respects,
this level of enthusiasm is due to the outstanding work by
Committee 318 in reorganizing the Code to meet the needs of
current users. While transitioning to ACI 318-14 will take
time and effort by each user, ACI is dedicated to providing the
tools necessary to facilitate this process. A link to the 318-14
Resource Center is available from the ACI homepage (www.
concrete.org), where users can get the latest information about
ACI 318-14, including transition keys from 318-11 to 318-14.
As you plan your strategy for switching to ACI 318-14,
please consider attending an in-person seminar, viewing an
online recorded seminar, or studying the examples provided in
the updated Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook. ACI
has provided great opportunities for everyone to become
familiar with ACI 318-14 quickly, and to learn directly from
the dedicated volunteers and thought leaders who developed
the Code.
Sharon L. Wood, American Concrete Institute

On the
Move
Cary Kopczynski & Company (CKC) promoted Andy Tu to
Project Manager/Associate, Elaine Peng and ACI member Jason
Thome to Senior Design Engineer/Associate, Joel Kipple and
Jerry Lee to Senior Design Engineer, and Jacob Lanquin to
Senior BIM Modeler. Tu has 13 years of structural engineering
experience and has designed a variety of major urban residential
towers and mixed-use projects. Peng has 16 years of structural
engineering experience. She is working on Lincoln Square
Expansion, a 2.6 million ft2 (242,000 m2) mixed-use development.
Thome has 10 years of structural engineering experience. He is
working on Kinects Tower, a 440 ft (134 m) residential tower, and
Potala Tower, a 440 ft hotel/residential tower. Thome is a member
of ACI Committee 374, Performance-Based Seismic Design of
Concrete Buildings. Kipple has 9 years of structural engineering
experience. He is working on Lincoln Square Expansions retail
podium. Lee has 6 years of structural engineering experience. He is
working on 1200 South Figueroa, a 2.1 million ft2 (195,000 m2)
development consisting of two 35-story residential towers over an
eight-story retail/parking podium. Lanquin has 15 years of
experience in CAD and BIM drafting. He is working on the Spring
District Apartments, which consist of five apartment buildings over
a concrete podium at a 36 acre (14.5 ha) urban development.
Professional Service Industries, Inc. (PSI), promoted Doug
Dayton to President of PSI. He has served the company in a
variety of management roles, most recently as Chief Operating
Officer. His responsibilities include the overall performance,
growth, sales, profitability, technical quality, and safety of
PSI. He received his BS in civil/architectural engineering
from the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. As a
professional engineer in four states, he has more than 28 years
of experience in the engineering field specializing in environmental, geotechnical and drilling operations, and construction
materials testing. He is a member of several associations,
including the American Council of Engineering Companies,
ACEC Design Professionals Coalition, American Society of
Civil Engineers, Geoprofessional Business Association, and
Texas Society of Professional Engineers.
Honors and Awards
Dan Frangopol, FACI, the Fazlur R. Khan Chair of

Structural Engineering and Architecture at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, and Lehigh postdoctoral Researcher
Mohamed Soliman will receive ASCEs 2015 Alfred Noble
Prize, a cross-disciplinary prize awarded by a committee of
members representing five professional U.S. societies. The
award is being shared by Soliman and his PhD Advisor Frangopol for a paper they co-wrote on Life-Cycle Management
of Fatigue-Sensitive Structures Integrating Inspection
Information. Frangopol is a member of ACI Committees
Dayton
Frangopol
Barger
348, Structural Reliability and Safety;

S803, Faculty Network; and Joint
ACI-ASCE Committee 343, Concrete
Bridge Design.
Gregory S. Barger, FACI, Technical
Center Director at Ash Grove Cement
Company, Overland Park, KS, received
the Bryant Mather Award from ASTM
Acua
International Committee C01, Cement.
The committee honored Barger for his contributions to the
development and continuing improvement of C01 standards
and the advancement of knowledge related to portland and
blended cements. Barger joined ASTM International in 1988
and was named an honorary member of both Committees
C01 and C09, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, in 2009.
He has received several awards for his work, including the
Award of Merit and title of fellowASTM Internationals
highest honor for contributions to standards activities.
Barger also serves on Committees C12, Mortars and Grouts
for Unit Masonry, and C15, Manufactured Masonry Units.
He received his bachelors degree in microbiology/chemistry
from The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Barger is a
member of ACI Committees 221, Aggregates; 225, Hydraulic
Cements; 232, Fly Ash in Concrete; and 240, Natural Pozzolans.
He is also a member of the American Ceramic Society Cements
Division and the Portland Cement Association.
The Epoxy Interest Group of Concrete Reinforcing Steel
Institute (CRSI) announced Marcelo Guadalupe Acua as
the recipient of the Epoxy Industry Service Award. This award
recognizes individuals who have contributed time, effort, and
support to further the use of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel.
During his career, Acua helped establish epoxy coating
plants in Oklahoma, Michigan, Texas, Colorado, Minnesota,
and Illinois, including the first stand-alone epoxy-coated
reinforcing steel coating plant in the nation. He has provided
his time and financial support to the CRSI epoxy plant
certification program and ASTM meetings. He has been a
strong supporter of the programs for CRSI.
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shear capacity in elevated flat plate slabs, post-tensioned slabs, foundations, and hold-down applications. Always at
the cutting edge of technology, it was punching shear research performed by DECON and its consultants that formed
the foundation of report ACI 421.1R by ACI Committee 421. This report has provided the basis for the design procedures
contained in the current ACI 318, IBC and CSA A23.3 design codes.
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are the foundation of our success.

To provide additional exposure to ACI Sustaining Members, Concrete
International includes a 1/3-page member profile and a listing of all Sustaining
Member organizations. All Sustaining Members receive the 1/3-page profile
section on a rotating basis.
ACS Manufacturing Corporation
Kryton International Inc.
Advanced Construction Technology
Lafarge North America
Services
American Society of Concrete
Contractors
Lithko Contracting, Inc.

Mapei
Mason Construction, Ltd.
Ash Grove Cement Co.
Meadow Burke
Ashford Formula
W. R. Meadows, Inc.
Baker Concrete Construction, Inc.
Metromont Corporation
Barrier-1 Inc.
MTL
BASF Corporation
Multiquip Inc.
Bauman Landscape & Construction
Municipal Testing
Braun Intertec Corporation
North Starr Concrete Consulting PC
Buzzi Unicem USA
Oztec Industries, Inc.
Cantera Concrete Company
Pacific Structures
CHRYSO, Inc.
Penetron International Ltd.
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute
Portland Cement Association
Construction Forms, Inc.
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute
CTLGroup
Saudi Building Code National
Dayton Superior
Committee
Ductilcrete Slab Systems, LLC
Sika Corp.
The Euclid Chemical Co.
S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc.
Fibercon International, Inc.
STRUCTURAL
Future Tech Consultants
Structural Services, Inc.
W.R. Grace & Co.
Tekna Chem
Headwaters Resources, Inc.
Triad Engineering, Inc.
Holcim (US) Inc.
TWC Concrete Services
Keystone Structural Concrete
Wacker Neuson
ACS Manufacturing Corporation

has been manufacturing and supplying
concrete admixtures since 1979.
Among the big projects supplied
are the Magat Multipurpose Hydroelectric Dam in Isabela, Philippines,
with a volume of 1 million m3, and the
San Roque Hydroelectric Dam in
Pangasinan, Philippines, with a volume
of 480,000 m3. Their customers are
mostly ready mixed concrete companies
and contractors, and they are the
market leader in the Philippines.
ACS offers a complete line of
concrete admixtures based on
polynapthalene sulfonate for low-tomedimum-strength concrete and
polycarboxylate for high-strength
concrete. As a service to their customers, they provide storage tanks and
dispensers free of charge.
Their technicians do the installation and regular follow-up servicing of
dispensers to ensure smooth and
efficient operation. Their services are
free of charge. They also do trial mix
free of charge as needed by their
customers.
For more information about
ACS Manufacturing Corporation,
please visit their website at
www.acs-manufacturing.com
or call: +63.2.6383414.
Kleinfelder
To learn more about our sustaining members, visit our website at www.concrete.org/sustainingmembers
Future Tech Consultants of New York, Inc.

As one of the leading Special
Inspection Agencies in the NY
metropolitan area, Future Tech
Consultants of New York, Inc. (FTC)
has provided superior inspection,
testing, and engineering services on a
wide variety of projects since 1994.
Owned and operated by professional
engineers since its inception, FTC has
the experience and credentials to
perform these services in accordance
with the project plans, specifications,
governmental codes and regulations,
and national standards. FTC stays on
the cutting edge of the engineering
and construction industry by remaining
active with associations such as the
American Concrete Institute and NYC
Concrete Industry Board. As members
of these organizations, FTC gains
advanced insight on many upcoming
industry changes. The company has a
licensed, accredited laboratory on-site
where it performs testing on all
construction materials for soils,
concrete and masonry, as well as
develops and batches innovative
concrete mix designs. FTC also utilizes
NDT technology available for its
inspections, including groundpenetrating radar (GPR) for concrete
evaluation, and temperature sensors
for evaluating concrete maturity and
monitoring mass concrete placements.
To learn more about Future Tech
Consultants, please visit their
website at www.ftcny.com, or call
+1.516.355.0168.
North S.Tarr Concrete Consulting,

P.C. provides assistance with concrete
issues (preventative and corrective)
throughout the United States and
Internationally. With over 35 years of
consulting experience, partners Scott
Tarr and Ron Kozikowski each hold
masters degrees in civil engineering,
are licensed professional engineers,
and worked for CTLGroup, a subsidiary
of the Portland Cement Association
(PCA) and Concrete Engineering
Specialists led by Bruce Suprenant and
Calvin McCall prior to their retirement.
While they have experience in a wide
range of issues, they specialize in
materials, floors & slabs, resolution of
low strengths, pavements, lightweight
and mass concrete, architectural
concrete, pumping problems, hot/cold
weather and maturity analysis, and a
variety of non-destructive testing
techniques. They are active on ACI
Committees 201, 207, 213, 301, 302,
306, 308, 325, 330, and 360; run
certification programs on slab moisture
testing and adhesive anchor testing;
contribute to national standards and
codes; and have authored numerous
articles and books on concrete
technology. If youre having trouble
navigating a concrete design,
construction, or performance issue,
look for North S.Tarr to provide the
direction needed! At North S.Tarr, we
provide Guidance to Concrete Solutions!
Founded in 1965 by Fred Oswald,

Oztec Industries, a family-owned
company, began building its
reputation as a manufacturer of
quality construction equipment.
Responding to a contractors dilemma
of finishing and leveling a large
terrazzo floor to extreme tolerances
and specs in an atomic poser facility,
Oztec developed and patented a
Diamond Terrazzo Grinder. The
powerful and rugged grinder sped
through the grinding process 4 to 5
times faster than the existing Carborundum machines, making this
seemingly impossible project possible
and profitable. Oztecs ceiling grinders
continue to produce top quality results
on thousands of jobs to this day.
As a natural extension of their
success in finishing terrazzo and
concrete surfaces, Oztec began
designing and manufacturing rugged
vibrating equipment to meet the
demands of the concrete construction
industry. Immediately, the power,
quality and reliability of Oztec
vibrating equipment gained it a
reputation as the best on the market.
Continually improving existing
designs and developing new ideas, the
Oztec line of fully interchangeable
steel heads and RubberHeads, electric
and gasoline motors, backpacks and
flexible shafts are the most powerful,
versatile, and reliable in the industry.
For more information, contact

Scott at +1.603.953.5815 or STarr@
NorthSTarrConcrete.com or
Ron at +1.603.568.0617 or
Ron@NorthSTarrConcrete.com.
For more information about

Oztec, please visit their website at
www.oztec.com or call
+1.800.533.9055.
Chapter
Reports
Argentina Chapter ACI Relocates to
Universidad de Buenos Aires
During a recent meeting, the ACI Argentina Board of

Directors and Officers voted to establish their new headquarters
at the Engineering School at the Universidad de Buenos Aires.
The Argentina Chapter ACI was established in 1992 and holds
meetings semi-annually. The Universidad de Buenos Aires is the
largest university in Argentina and the second largest university
by enrollment in Latin America. It was founded in 1821 and
consists of 12 departments, six hospitals, and 10 museums.
Egypt Chapter ACI Forms First Student

Chapter in Africa
The Egypt Chapter ACI has formed the first student

chapter in Egypt and Africa. It is based on the campus of the
Arab Academy of Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
(AASTMT) in Alexandria.
The purpose of AASTMT Student Chapter ACI is to
further engineering and technical education, scientific
investigation and research, and development of standards for
design and construction incorporating concrete and related
materials. The AASTMT Student Chapter ACI addresses
design, construction, manufacture, use, and maintenance and
restoration of concrete and related materials. These efforts
promote improved technology, technical competence, design
and construction for the benefit of society.
The chapter currently has 25 members and is led by
Mohamed Adel, the Student Chapter President, and Nabil
El-Ashkar, Faculty Advisor.
To learn more about the student chapter, visit ACI AAST
on Facebook.
Universidad de Buenos Aires
At the opening ceremony for the AASTMT Student Chapter ACI,

from left: Ahmed Moustafa, Nabil El-Ashkar, Nasser Darwish,
Mohamed Adel, and Ahmed El-Sayed
Louisiana Chapter ACI Brings Concrete Kits

for Kids to Classrooms
The Concrete Kits for Kids program introduces the concept

of concrete to students in elementary through high school.
With this program, the Louisiana Chapter ACI hopes to not
only demonstrate that engineering and construction are
interesting fields, but also give students the chance to experience
science with a hands-on approach.
The Concrete Kits program, developed by ACI members
Billie Snell and Luke Snell, FACI, includes a lesson plan on
how to create floating concrete and introduces students to
the basics of concrete ingredients, the history of cement, and
how to mix cement, sand, and water.
We get the kits donated by a concrete lab or we might buy
them ourselves, says Jackie Sempel, Louisiana Chapter
ACI President. Then we use connections at any school to
set up a time to visit a class, usually from first to third grade.
We visit the school twice. The first time we talk about why the
concrete might be able to float and then we have the kids mix
12
The Concrete Kits for Kids program offers a hands-on approach, as

demonstrated by the Louisiana Chapter ACI
two different samples. We come back 4 weeks later and show

a video on where concrete comes from and then we test the
concrete to see if the kids mixed them well enough to float.
Concrete Kits for Kids presents a great opportunity to get
involved in the community and teachers find that the program
complements their science courses. The Louisiana Chapter ACI
hopes to incorporate this program with the University of New
Orleans Student Chapter ACI to get the college students
working with young children.
For more information, please contact the ACI Chapter
Services Coordinator at kanette.mwanjabala@concrete.org.
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Get
Certified
Since 1980, ACI has tested over
400,000 concrete technicians,
inspectors, supervisors, and
craftsmen in 20 different
certification programs.
When you have a need for
qualified concrete professionals
specify ACI Certification.
Visit www.ACI Certification.org for:

Descriptions of ACI Certification Programs
Includes program requirements and reference/
resource materials.
Schedule of Upcoming/Testing Sessions
Search by program and/or state.
Directory of Certified Individuals Confirm an
individuals certification and date of expiration.
CCRL LAB TOUR

The Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory offers performance examinations for
the ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician and ACI Aggregate Testing Technician
Level 1 certification programs.
To schedule your lab for CCRL inspection, and to

arrange for performance testing, contact
Jan Prowell at +1.240.436.4800.
Upcoming tour locations are:

October thru December 2015
Northern California
Southern California
January and February 2016
Eastern Canada
Northern California
Southern California
News
New Website for Concrete International
Concrete International recently launched a new website

aimed at improving the user experience. The magazines
website landing page is now integrated within the ACI website
and features better navigation, new tools, and an article preview
section. The site automatically reformats to display on mobile,
tablet, and desktop devices for enhanced readability.
Other advantages of the new site are:
Additional technical article content that is open for the
general public to view;
Increased awareness of Concrete International articles
through
ACIs website and online document search; and
A reformatted back issue archive database.
Each article and magazine section can be viewed separately,
and articles may be downloaded as PDF files. Explore
the improved website at www.concreteinternational.com.
Japan Concrete Institute Celebrates

50th Anniversary
The American Concrete

Institute is committed to
engaging with all of our
International Partners to
disseminate reliable and
accurate concrete knowledge to all parts of the
world, Wood said. The
two-way relationship
helps develop and share
Commemorative gift given to JCI
concrete information and
technology, which benefits the entire global concrete community.
Following the 50th anniversary ceremony, three international
conferences were held on July 13, 2015: Systematization of
Concrete Science and Technology Through Multi-Scale
Modeling, New Possibilities for Construction Materials:
Proposals for Application of Underutilized Resources as
Construction Materials, and the second ACI-JCI Joint
The Japan Concrete Institute (JCI) held its 50th anniversary

celebration event in Tokyo, Japan, on July 12, 2015. JCI was
first established in July 1965 as the Japan National Council on
Concrete, using the former ACI chapter in Japan as its
organizational nucleus. The name of the organization was
changed to the Japan Concrete Institute in 1975, JCI is an
ACI international partner.
ACI President Sharon Wood, ACI Past President Jim Jirsa,
and ACI Executive Vice President Ron Burg attended the
celebration. JCI was presented with a unique concrete
sculpture designed to commemorate the anniversary and the
close working relationship between JCI and ACI. Designed by
artist Michael Scott Eddy, the concrete pillars within the
sculpture represent the two institutions, while colored glass
represents the numerous exchanges and bonds between ACI
and JCI that range from sharing of technical information and
expertise to bonds of friendship and comradeship.
TEMP
Thermal Evaluation of Mass Pours
ACI President Sharon Wood addressed the JCI event
Innovation
in measuring
concrete core
temperatures
during curing
15
News
Seminar, Resilience of Concrete Structures. A special
publication including the 11 papers presented at the joint
seminar will be available in 2016.
Visit www.jci-net.or.jp for more about JCI and the 50th
anniversary celebration.
PEER Receives Research Contract on

Seismic Performance of Lifelines
The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER)

has received a 3-year research contract from the California
Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to investigate the
seismic performance of lifelines components and systems. The
PEER Lifelines research program has been active since PEERs
inception in 1996, said Yousef Bozorgnia, the programs
Co-Principal Investigator.
The PEER Lifelines research program supports research
projects on ground motion seismic hazard, seismic response of
soil including liquefaction studies, analysis and design for
tsunami loads including probabilistic tsunami analysis, performance of bridge components and systems, and seismic analysis
of transportation systems, among other topics.
An example of such a successful multidisciplinary collaboration that was funded by the partners of the PEER Lifelines
program is the NGA-West program that resulted in major
advances in characterization of seismic hazard, especially in
the western United States.
More information about the PEER Lifelines program can
be found at http://peer.berkeley.edu/lifelines.
DCC Volunteers Install Concrete for Colorado

Veterans Monument
Volunteer members of the Decorative Concrete Council (DCC),

traveled to Ken Caryl, CO, on May 28-29, 2015, to place and
finish a decorative concrete slab for the Ken Caryl Veterans
Monument. The monument is being built to commemorate
veterans as well as those on active duty and in the reserves in all
branches of the U.S. Armed Forces. The DCC is a specialty council
of the American Society of Concrete Contractors (ASCC).
Chris Sullivan of ChemSystems, Inc., Littleton, CO, was
the Project Manager for the concrete installation. He worked
with local community leaders to plan a simple, yet beautiful
representation of decorative concrete. Local ASCC and DCC
members donated time and materials. Over $52,000 in time
and materials were provided, Sullivan said.
Companies supplying tools, materials, and service included
Aggregate Industries; CEMEX; ChemSystems, Inc.; Clemons
Concrete Coatings; CAN; Colorado Hardscapes; ConcreteNetwork.com; Concrete Equipment and Supply; Diamatic
USA; H&C Decorative Concrete Products; Lakebrinks
Custom Concrete; McClure Concrete, McMahon Contracting,
16
L.P.; Peterson Group; Pritchard Concrete; Putzmeister

America; Sika Greenstreak; Somero; Southwest Concrete
Pumping; Sticks and Stones Supply; TODDROSE Decorative
Concrete; Wagman Metals; and Western Hardscapes.
The mission of the DCC is Advancing Decorative
Concrete Contractors Through Education and Networking.
For more information, visit www.ascconline.org.
Dubai Municipality and NRMCA to

Cooperate on Concrete Plant and Truck
Certification Program
Representatives of the Dubai Central Laboratory of the

Dubai Municipality (DCL-DM) and the National Ready
Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA) met in May 2015 for
a signing ceremony in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to
establish a cooperative agreement to recognize technical
equivalencies of their respective concrete plant and truck
certification programs.
NRMCA has been administering its plant and truck certification program since 1965 to demonstrate compliance with
standard specifications for ready mixed concrete. Established in
2012, the DCL-DM certification program for concrete production facilities works on similar principles to meet similar
standards for concrete production in Dubai. The certification
process for both the DCL-DM and NRMCA programs require
extensive on-site inspection by qualified individuals of both the
production facility and delivery vehicles to ensure they comply
with the standards and are capable of producing high-quality
concrete. Plants and vehicles require annual re-certification.
To recognize the equivalencies of the certification programs,
NRMCA will now provide certificates to concrete plants
operating in Dubai that have earned the DCL-DM plant and truck
certification. Once a Dubai concrete plant goes through the
DCL-DM audit and is issued a certificate, concrete companies
can choose to obtain the NRMCA certification without the need
for additional audit.
Lionel Lemay, Senior Vice President of NRMCA, who
co-signed the agreement, said, NRMCA recognizes the
excellent work Dubai Central Laboratory has done to develop
its ready mixed concrete plant and truck certification program
as a way to elevate the performance and quality of concrete production in Dubai. We look forward to a long-term partnership
on this program and other NRMCA certifications in the future.
NRMCA and DCL-DM will work together to establish the
process for applying for the NRMCA certification. NRMCA
works with Grey Matters Consultancy, a Dubai consulting
company that offers the NRMCA plant and truck certification
program in the Emirate of Dubai and throughout the Middle
East along with dozens of other NRMCA personnel and product
certifications. For more information, visit www.dcl.ae.
News
New ASTM Standard Supports Corrosion
Protection for Steel Bars
A new ASTM International standardA1094/A1094M,

Specification for Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel
Bars for Concrete Reinforcementsupports corrosion
protection for steel reinforcing bars galvanized by zinc or
zinc-alloy coatings.
ASTM member Gary Dallin is the Director of the GalvInfo
Center, a program of the International Zinc Association. He
notes that in addition to protection, the unique fabrication
properties of the bars covered by the standard will help
minimize installation and long-term maintenance costs.
According to Dallin, the new standard will be useful to
state and federal specifying bodies for bridge and road
infrastructure; engineering and contracting firms; producers of
precast concrete products; and laboratories that will use it for
product testing requirements.
Visit www.astm.org to purchase standards.
ICF Builder Group Accepting Memberships
ICF Builder Group (ICF-BG) is a new trade association for

builders, distributors, and others associated with the insulated
concrete forms (ICF) industry. This organization was established to be an advocate for the industry and serve as an
information resource.
Tools offered to association members include an online
database listing, annual subscription to ICF Builder magazine,
ICF professional members-only forum to interact with other
industry experts, marketing tools, and a media library. Members
will also receive discounted entry to World of Concrete.
The ICF-BG Board of Directors comprises Robert Klob,
Robert Klob Designs, Inc.; Bill Naegeli, GNP Build, Inc.;
Rodney Hubble, Force 5 Walls, Inc.; and Clark Ricks, ICF
Builder magazine. Advisors to the Board include Cameron
Ware, Futurestone, LLC; Carter Benjamin, Wind-lock
Corporation; and Robert Dazel, Dryvit Systems, Inc.
For more information, visit www.icfbuildergroup.com.
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17
ACI Officer Nominations

for 2016-2017
Schneider for President, Lange for Vice President, and four new Directors
he nominee for ACI President in 2016-2017 is

Michael J. Schneider, Senior Vice President and
Chief People Officer, Baker Concrete Construction,
Inc., Monroe, OH. If elected during membership balloting
later this year, he will serve a 1-year term as ACI President
that begins at the conclusion of The ACI Concrete Convention
and Exposition Spring 2016 in Milwaukee, WI, and ends
at the conclusion of the ACI Convention in Spring 2017
in Detroit, MI. Schneider will succeed Sharon L. Wood,
Dean of the Cockrell School of Engineering and the
Cockrell Family Chair in Engineering #14 at The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. Woods 1-year term as
ACI President and Schneiders 2-year term as ACI Vice
President will expire at the conclusion of the ACI Convention
in Spring 2016.
David A. Lange, Professor of Civil and Environmental
Engineering and Narbey Khachaturian Faculty Scholar,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,
has been nominated for the position of Vice President. If
elected by the membership, Lange would fill the vacant
seat that Schneider previously held and begin a 2-year term
as a Vice President at the conclusion of the ACI Convention in Spring 2016. Khaled Walid Awad, the Chairman
and Founder of ACTS, Beirut, Lebanon, is the Institutes
Web-Based Balloting
ACI uses web-based balloting for the annual

election of ACI officers. ACI members with a current
e-mail address will receive an e-mail notification when
the ballot is open, along with a link to access the ballot
from the ACI website. Secure website protocols ensure
that only one ballot is cast per voter.
ACI members without Internet access may request a
hard-copy ballot to be returned to ACI headquarters
by the due date. All requests can be directed to
Barbara Doerr, Executive Assistant, ACI, 38800
Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331;
telephone: +1.248.848.3756.
18
other current Vice President. His 2-year term began at the

conclusion of the ACI Convention in Spring 2015 in
Kansas City, MO, and ends at the conclusion of the ACI
Convention in Spring 2017.
The Committee on Nominations also recommended four
individuals to serve on the Board of Direction, each for
3-year terms commencing at the conclusion of the ACI
Convention in Spring 2016. They are:
Frances T. Griffith, Center for Training Transportation
Professionals, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR;
R. Douglas Hooton, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,
Canada;
Neven Krstulovic-Opara, ExxonMobil, Spring, TX; and
Antonio Nanni, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL.
Pending the final election results, these four would replace
the following Board of Direction members, whose terms will
end next year: Dean A. Browning, Project Director, Charles
Pankow Foundation, Vancouver, WA; Cary S. Kopczynski,
Senior Principal and CEO, Cary Kopczynski & Co., Inc.,
Bellevue, WA; Kevin A. MacDonald, Vice President of
Engineering Services, Beton Consulting Engineers LLC,
Mendota Heights, MN; and David M. Suchorski, Senior
Technical Services Manager/Sales Manager, Ash Grove
Cement Company, Des Moines, IA.
ACI Board members who will continue to serve during
2016-2017 include: JoAnn P. Browning, Dean and David and
Jennifer Spencer Distinguished Chair, The University of Texas
at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Cesar A. Constantino,
Director, Business Development for Separation Technologies,
LLC, a Titan America Business, Deerfield Beach, FL;
Alejandro Durn-Herrera, Professor and Head of the
Concrete Technology Department at the Facultad de Ingeniera
Civil of the Universidad Autnoma de Nuevo Len, Monterrey,
Mexico; Augusto H. Holmberg, General Manager, Instituto
del Cemento y del Hormign de Chile (ICH), Santiago,
Chile; Kimberly Kayler, President and Founder, Constructive
Communication, Inc., Dublin, OH; Fred Meyer, Colonel
and Deputy Head, Department of Civil and Mechanical
Engineering at the United States Military Academy, West
Point, NY; Michael M. Sprinkel, Associate Director,
Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research,

Charlottesville, VA; and Roberto Stark, President,
Stark+Ortiz, S.C., Mexico City, Mexico.
When Woods term as ACI President concludes, she will
automatically assume a position on the ACI Board of Direction
as a Past President member. In doing so, she will replace
James K. Wight, ACI President in 2012, who will no longer
be one of the three Past Presidents of ACI serving on the
Board. Wood will serve with Anne M. Ellis, ACI President in
2013, and William E. Rushing Jr., ACI President in 2014, as
stipulated by the Institutes Bylaws.
The nominees for ACI officers in 2016-2017 are:
President
Michael J. Schneider, FACI, is the

Senior Vice President and Chief People
Officer at Baker Concrete Construction,
Inc. He has been with Baker Concrete in
Monroe, OH, for over 37 years. He
started at Baker as a Project Manager in
1978 and helped open Bakers Houston,
TX, office in 1982. During his career, he
has been involved in a multitude of
Schneider
projects ranging from high-rise offices to
automotive plants to mainline concrete paving.
Schneider was named a Fellow of ACI in 2006. He
previously served on the ACI Board of Direction and as Chair
of the Strategic Development Council (SDC) and the ACI
Foundation, of which he is currently a Trustee. He received
the ACI Roger H. Corbetta Concrete Constructor Award in
2011. He is Chair of the ETC Product Development Committee
and a member of the Concrete Research Council (CRC),
Financial Advisory Committee, and ACI Committees 117,
Tolerances; 132, Responsibility in Concrete Construction; and
S801, Student Activities.
He is the current Chairman of the National Steering
Committee for the Construction Industry Management
Program (CIM). He has been active in the American Society
of Concrete Contractors (ASCC) for the past 17 years and
served as President during 2005 and 2006. During 2001 and
2002, he was a member of the Board of Directors for the
National Center of Construction Education and Research
(NCCER). Schneider has served as Co-Chair of the Contractor
Task Group for the National Ready Mixed Concrete Associations
P2P Task Force, and Board member and Past Chair for the
Concrete Promotion Council of Southwest Ohio. In 2005,
Concrete Construction magazine named him as one of the 10
most influential people in the concrete industry. He is a charter
member of the Incident and Injury Free Executive Forum,
which is dedicated to promoting worker safety in the
construction industry. Schneider is committed to eliminating
all worker injuries on the jobsite. He was also the 2012
recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Spirit
of Construction Foundation of Greater Cincinnati.
He received his BS in personnel management from
Miami University, Oxford, OH, and his BS in construction

management from the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
Vice President
David A. Lange, FACI, is Professor

of Civil and Environmental Engineering
and Narbey Khachaturian Faculty
Scholar at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. He joined the
faculty of the Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering in 1992. A
long-time ACI member, Lange is
currently Chair of the Publications
Lange
Committee and Chair of the Board
Outlook 2030 Task Group. He has served on the Board of
Direction and is a Past Chair of the ACI Technical Activities
Committee. He is a member of the Financial Advisory
Committee, International Advisory Committee, Marketing
Committee, and Faculty Network, and ACI Committees 236,
Material Science of Concrete; 237, Self-Consolidating
Concrete; and 544, Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
Lange received the ACI Wason Medal for Most Meritorious
Paper in 2003. He has been recognized as a Fellow of the
American Ceramic Society and he received a J. William
Fulbright Scholar Award in 2013. Lange served as Associate
Department Head for Civil and Environmental Engineering at
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 2004-2010.
He has directed the Center of Excellence for Airport Technology
at the University of Illinois since 2004.
Lange received his BS in civil engineering from Valparaiso
University, Valparaiso, IN, in 1981; his MBA from Wichita
State University, Wichita, KS, in 1984; and his PhD in civil
engineering from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, in 1991.
Board of Direction
Frances T. Griffith, FACI, is the

Associate Director of the Center for
Training Transportation Professionals
(CTTP), Department of Civil Engineering,
at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,
AR. CTTP provides training, certification,
and continuing education for transportation industry personnel. She has been an
active ACI member since 2003 and was
Griffith
named a Fellow in 2014.
Griffith currently chairs the Educational Activities
Committee, which recently launched ACI University.
She participates in ACI certification programs at the local
and national level. She is a member of several certification
committees, including ACI Committees C601, New Certification
Programs; C610, Concrete Field Testing Technician; C620,
Laboratory Technician Certification, where she serves as
Secretary; C631, Concrete Transportation Construction
Inspector Certification; and C640, Craftsmen Certification
Quality Review. She is Past Chair of C630, Concrete
19
Construction Inspector. Griffith has previously served on the

Certification Programs Committee, and in 2014 she received
the ACI Certification Award.
Griffith is also a member of the Convention Committee,
ETC Product Development Committee, the Student and Young
Professional Activities Committee, the Executive Committee
Task Group on Mission-Driven International Activities, and
ACI Committees 118, Use of Digital Technology; S801,
Student Activities; and E905, Training Programs.
She is a 1998 recipient of the ACI Peter D. Courtois Concrete
Construction Scholarship and was named the 2001 Mack
Blackwell Rural Transportation Center Student of the Year.
Griffith has been a member of the Arkansas Chapter ACI
since 2000, serving on the Board and as President in 2008.
She is a member of ASTM Committee C09, Concrete and
Aggregates. She participates on the Concrete Field Testing
Committee for the Arkansas Ready Mixed Concrete Association
and served as Co-Chair for several years.
She received her BS and MS in civil engineering from the
University of Arkansas in 1998 and 2010, respectively.
R. Douglas Hooton, FACI, is a
Professor and NSERC/Cement Association
of Canada Senior Industrial Research
Chair in Concrete Durability and
Sustainability in the Department of Civil
Engineering at the University of Toronto,
Toronto, ON, Canada. His research has
focused on the durability performance of
cementitious materials in concrete as
Hooton
well as on performance testing and
specifications. His durability research has encompassed most
forms of concrete degradation, including sulfate resistance,
acid resistance, alkali-aggregate reaction, corrosion, and
freezing and thawing, as well as deicer salt scaling.
Hooton is Chair of ACI Committee 233, Ground Slag in
Concrete, and Co-Chair of ACI Subcommittee 130-A,
Sustainability of Materials, as well as Secretary of ACI
Committee 201, Durability of Concrete. He is a member of
numerous ACI committees, including 130, Sustainability of
Concrete; 221, Aggregates; 225, Hydraulic Cements; 232,
Fly Ash in Concrete; 236, Material Science of Concrete; 240,
Natural Pozzolans; 329, Performance Criteria for Ready
Mixed Concrete; 365, Service Life Prediction; S801, Student
Activities; Faculty Network; and Innovation Task Group 10,
Alternative Cementitious Materials. He also serves on ACI
Subcommittee 318-A, General, Concrete, and Construction.
Hooton was a co-recipient of the ACI Wason Medal for
the Most Meritorious Paper in 2015, and he received the
ACI Foundation Robert E. Philleo Award in 2013 and the
ACI Arthur R. Anderson Medal in 2011.
He is a Fellow of ASTM International, the American
Ceramic Society, the Engineering Institute of Canada, and
the Canadian Academy of Engineering. He is a member of
several Canadian Standards Association (CSA), ASTM, and
20
RILEM technical committees. He is Chair of the RILEM

Educational Activities Committee; Vice-Chair of CSA
Committee A3001, Hydraulic Cements; and Vice-Chair of
ASTM Committee 01, Hydraulic Cements.
Hooton is a licensed professional engineer in the Province
of Ontario, Canada.
Neven Krstulovic-Opara, FACI, is
the Engineering Associate with ExxonMobil, Spring, TX, leading the structural
engineering research (Arctic) group of
ExxonMobils Upstream Research
Company. His 25-year professional
career spans academic, design, and
failure analysis leadership experience.
He has spent 11 years as a professor at
Krstulovic-Opara
the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI; Northeastern University, Boston, MA; and North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, NC, where, as principal investigator,
he led a series of National Science Foundation (NSF) research
projects on the development and structural use of smart and
high-performance fiber composites.
Prior to joining ExxonMobil, Krstulovic-Opara spent
6 years as a Managing Engineer and Lead Designer conducting
failure analysis as well as designing numerous liquefied
natural gas (LNG) tanks, waterfront, and offshore gravitybased structures. Since joining ExxonMobil, he has been in
charge of the structural design and engineering execution for
multiple LNG tanks and LNG/NG plants and terminals,
including Papua New Guinea LNG and Barzan (Qatar) NG
plants. Presently, Krstulovic-Opara heads ExxonMobils
structural research group developing high-Arctic exploration
and production facilities, including definition of high-Arctic
ice mechanics and the development of novel ice-resistant
floating and gravity-based platforms.
Krstulovic-Opara was the Chair of ACI Committee 376,
Concrete Structures for Refrigerated Liquefied Gas
Containment, from 2005-2012, leading to the development
and publication of the first international code for fullcontainment liquefied natural gas tanks. He is the current
Chair of the ACI International Advisory Committee and
Executive Committee Task Group on Mission-Driven
International Activities; ACI Subcommittees: 376-A, Code,
Education & Publication, and 544-E, FRC-Mechanical
Properties; and as well as the Secretary of ACI Committee
544, Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. He also serves on the
ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC), TAC Design
Standards Committee, Technical Committee Manual Task
Group, NACE Task Group, Honors and Awards Committee,
and ACI Subcommittee 376-D, Design & Construction.
Krstulovic-Opara received his MCE (dipl.ing.) from the
University of Belgrade, Serbia; his MSc from the Imperial
College of Science and Technology, London, UK; and his
PhD from Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. He is a
licensed professional engineer.
Antonio Nanni, FACI, is Inaugural

Senior Scholar, Professor, and Chair of
the Department of Civil, Architectural,
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, and
Professore Ordinario, Dipartimento di
Strutture per lIngegneria e lArchitettura,
Universit di Napoli Federico II. He is
also an Associate Director with the
Nanni
Research on Concrete Applications for
Sustainable Transportation (RE-CAST) Center at Missouri
S&T, Rolla, MO, and the Co-Director of the National Science
Foundation (NSF) Industry/University Cooperative Research
Center for the Integration of Composites into Infrastructure.
Nanni currently serves as Chair of ACI Subcommittee
562-E, Evaluation, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Concrete
Buildings, and is a member of the ACI Committee on Codes
and Standards Advocacy and Outreach, Educational Activities
Committee, and ACI Committees 437, Strength Evaluation of
Existing Concrete Structures; 440, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
Reinforcement; 549, Thin Reinforced Cementitious Products
and Ferrocement; and 562, Evaluation, Repair, and Rehabilitation

of Concrete Buildings. Nanni was named a Fellow of ACI in
1999. He is a recipient of ACIs Chapter Activities Award and
the Delmar L. Bloem Distinguished Service Award.
During the past 30 years, he has researched concrete and
advanced composites-based systems as the principal investigator
of projects sponsored by federal and state agencies and private
industry. Nanni is the Editor-in-Chief of the ASCE Journal of
Materials in Civil Engineering and serves on the editorial board
of other technical journals. He has advised over 60 graduate
students pursuing MS and PhD degrees, and published over 200
and 310 papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings,
respectively, in addition to co-authoring two books.
Nanni has received several awards, including 2015 Engineer
of the Year Award, ASCE Miami-Dade Branch; 2014 IIFC
Medal, International Institute for FRP in Construction; ASCE
2012 Henry L. Michel Award for Industry Advancement of
Research; and Engineering News-Record Award of Excellence
in 1997 (Top 25 Newsmakers in Construction). He is a
licensed professional engineer in Italy, Florida, Pennsylvania,
Missouri, and Oklahoma.
Candidates for the 2016 Committee on Nominations
Twenty ACI members have been selected to run for election for six posts on the Committee on Nominations for the year 2016.
From these 20, six will be elected during membership balloting to join with three Institute Past Presidents in comprising
a nine-member Committee on Nominations. This new Committee on Nominations will begin deliberations at the conclusion
of the ACI Convention in Spring 2016.
The three ACI Past Presidents serving on this committee will be Anne M. Ellis, President in 2013; William E Rushing Jr.,
President in 2014, and Sharon L. Wood, whose 1-year term as President will conclude at the next spring convention. As
the second-year Past President, Rushing will automatically serve as the Chair of the Committee on Nominations.
This new committee will nominate Institute officers for terms starting at the conclusion of the ACI Convention in Spring
2017 in Detroit, MI. Chosen annually, the Committee on Nominations submits recommendations for these positions: President, 1-year term; one Vice President, 2-year term; four members of the Board of Direction, each with 3-year terms; and 20
candidates for the Committee on Nominations, all to serve 1-year terms. The Committees nominations for the year 2017
are to be submitted to the Executive Vice President before August 1, 2016, as provided in the Institutes Bylaws.
The 20 nominees for the 2016 Committee on Nominations are:

P. Adams, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR;
Matthew
K. Buffenbarger, LafargeHolcim, Medina, OH;
Julie
A. Cheek, The Beta Group, Carencro, LA;
Mark
J. Delatte, Cleveland State University,
Norbert
Broadview Heights, OH;
Emmons, Structural Group, Inc., Columbia, MD;
Peter
H. Flood IV, Flood Testing Laboratories, Inc.,
Walter
Chicago, IL;
A. Garnant, American Society of Concrete
Beverly
Contractors, St. Louis, MO;
Trey Hamilton III, University of Florida,
H.R.
Gainesville, FL;
H. Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology,
James
Terre Haute, IN;
E. Kesner, CVM Engineers, Wayne, PA;
Keith
D. Kleinhans, Concrete Reinforcing Steel
Danielle
Institute, Schaumburg, IL;
B. Matamoros, University of Texas at San

Adolfo
Antonio, San Antonio, TX;
L. Miller, Las Vegas Chapter ACI, Las Vegas, NV;
Dawn
J. Myers, Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO;
John
K. Nmai, BASF Corporation - Admixture
Charles
Systems, Cleveland, OH;
Olek, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN;
Jan
J. Paul, Built Form LLC, Wilmington, DE;
Michael
K. Shield, University of Minnesota,
Carol
Minneapolis, MN;
W. Taylor, KPFF Consulting Engineers,
Andrew
Seattle, WA; and
D. Tennis, Portland Cement Association,
Paul
Fort Mill, SC.
More information on the 20 candidates for the 2016
Committee on Nominations can be found on the ACI
website at www.concrete.org/nominationcommittee.
21
Fall 2015 | Denver

The Concrete Convention
and Exposition
BUILD
your NETWORKING
FOUNDATION at
The Concrete Convention
and Exposition
Networking
Receptions
ACI
Meeting Spot
Peer-to-Peer
Learning
Concrete
Mixer
November 8-12, 2015

Sheraton Denver Downtown Hotel
Denver, CO
Visit www.aciconvention.org to view the full

convention schedule of events and to register.
2015 PTI Project Awards

San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge New East Span Skyway Named Project of the Year
he Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI) announced 11 winners

for the 2015 PTI Project Awards, who were honored
during the PTI awards presentation at the 2015 PTI
Convention, April 26-28, 2015, in Houston, TX. The awards
recognize excellence in post-tensioning applications. Any
structure completed or rehabilitated in the past 7 years that
used post-tensioning as a structural component was eligible.
Entries were submitted by owners, architects, engineers,
contractors, and post-tensioning suppliers. Awardees were
selected by a jury of industry professionals and were judged
based on creativity, innovation, ingenuity, cost-effectiveness,
functionality, constructibility, and aesthetics.
The highest honor, Project of the Year, was awarded to the
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge New East Span Skyway.
This award is given to a project that demonstrates excellence
in post-tensioning applications and stands out above all other
entries. The project was submitted by T.Y. Lin International.
The other winners were selected in six categories, with an
Award of Excellence given in each category, and an Award of
Merit presented to other projects deserving recognition. The
Award of Excellence winners include:
BridgesWest 7th Street Bridge, Fort Worth, TX,
submitted by the Texas Department of Transportation;
BuildingsParkland Replacement Hospital, Dallas, TX,
submitted by Datum Engineers;
Industrial/Special ApplicationsGlacier Skywalk,
Jasper National Park, AB, Canada, submitted by DywidagSystems International, Canada;
Parking StructuresTapiola Central Parking Facility,
Espoo, Finland, submitted by Sweco Structures Finland;
Repair, Rehabilitation & StrengtheningSBR Tank #1
Repairs, Mount Carmel, PA, submitted by Concrete
Protection & Restoration, Inc.; and
Slab-on-GroundSky View Parc Tennis Facility,
Flushing, NY, submitted by Classic Turf Company, LLC.
Awards of Merit were given to Dumptop Residence,
Dallas, TX, submitted by Datum Engineers (Buildings); Twin
Vehicular Jacked Box Tunnels, Lynchburg, VA, submitted by
Dywidag-Systems International, USA (Industrial/Special
Applications); Dover Dam Safety Assurance Phase 1 and 2,
Dover, OH, submitted by Brayman Construction Company

(Repair, Rehabilitation & Strengthening); and New Canaan
High School Tennis Courts, New Canaan, CT, submitted by
R.S. Site & Sports (Slab-on-Ground).
Project of the Year
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge New

East Span Skyway
After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damaged the

original East Span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge,
the safest, most cost-effective solution was a total bridge
replacement. The 1.3 mile (2 km) long Skyway is the longest
portion of the 2.2 mile (3.5 km) San Francisco-Oakland Bay
Bridge New East Span (East Span) and the first major contract
in the project. The design phase was launched in 1998 with
stringent seismic criteria that included a 150-year design life,
or twice the normal bridge standard at the time.
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge New East Span Skyway,

Oakland, CA
23
minimize concrete cracking. The 452 concrete Skyway

segments, each weighing as much as 750 tons (680 tonnes),
are the largest of their kind ever cast and required self-launching
erection devices to lift and post-tension the segments in place
on the cantilevers. Carrying 300,000 vehicles each day, the
new East Span opened to traffic on September 2, 2013.
Project credits: California Department of Transportation
(Caltrans), Owner; T.Y. Lin International/Moffatt & Nichol,
Joint Venture, Engineer; Kiewit/FCI/Manson, Joint Venture,
Contractor; and Schwager Davis, Inc. (SDI), PT Supplier.
Bridges Award of Excellence

West 7th Street Bridge
West 7th Street Bridge, Fort Worth, TX (photo courtesy of Liam Frederick)
The West 7th Street Bridge is believed to be the worlds

first precast network arch bridge. The six 163.5 ft (50 m)
post-tensioned network arch spans connect downtown Fort
Worth, TX, to its vibrant cultural district. The bridge serves as
a functional focal point for the community, and its innovative
design blends gracefully into its context and landscape.
Separate pathways along the bridges outer edges provide
safer improved mobility for pedestrians and cyclists, while the
public area below provides a shady respite from the Texas
sun. Complete replacement of the aging 981 ft (299 m) long x
88 ft (27 m) wide bridge disrupted traffic for only 4 months.
To reduce cost and minimize on-site construction, the arches,
floor beams, and stay-in-place deck panels were all precast.
Project credits: City of Fort Worth, Owner; Texas Department of Transportation, Engineer; SUNDT Construction, Inc.,
Contractor; and VSL Structural, PT Supplier. Other contributors
included Aluma Systems, Inc.; Burkhalter Rigging, Inc.;
GST Manufacturing; Hamilton Form Company; Heldenfels
Enterprises, Inc.; Infinity Engineering, USA, Inc.; LUSAS;
RJ Watson, Inc.; and TXI, Inc.
Parkland Replacement Hospital, Dallas, TX
Buildings Award of Excellence
The sleek twin viaducts of the Skyway, which ascend from

the Oakland shoreline to connect seamlessly with the parallel
roadways of the single-tower, self-anchored suspension
bridge, are precast segmental bridges, erected in a balanced
cantilever, with a typical span of 525 ft (160 m). Carrying five
eastbound and westbound lanes, each viaduct consists of four
massive frames connected by expansion joints and hinge pipe
beams, which resist seismic motion by allowing the frames to
move and slide while maintaining structural rigidity. The
Skyway foundation piles were driven up to 300 ft (91 m)
below the waters surface to anchor into stable soils, and at a
slight batter (angle) to increase lateral resistance under seismic
loads. While this method has been used to create secure
foundations for offshore oil rigs, this is the first time this method
has been implemented for bridge construction of this scale.
High-performance, low-permeability 8000 psi (56 MPa)
concrete was used throughout the superstructure, which is
post-tensioned longitudinally, transversely, and vertically to
A post-tensioned concrete transfer girder was selected to

create the 62 ft (19 m) cantilever and 120 ft (36.5 m) clear
span supporting seven levels. Several decisions were made to
establish the criteria for constructibility:
Use of bonded post-tensioned cables;
Reducing the drape of the tendons to fit in the concrete wall
above the 10th floor and below the 12th floor placement. This
required additional tendons but improved the sequence of
placing concrete and installing tendons;
Selection of normal-strength 6000 psi (41 MPa) concrete
instead of high-strength concrete. This improved quality
control, reduced heat of hydration, increased wall thickness,
and improved congestion issues;
Using maximum aggregate size of 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) to
allow for better flow around the anchor plates;
Paying close attention to reinforcement congestion to
assure concrete hoses could be inserted through the steel to
the bottom of the form;
Resolving critical construction issues such as the design of
24
Parkland Replacement Hospital
the concrete shoring steel to be supported off the fifth-floor

roof with close structural engineering coordination
between the structural engineers and the contractors
engineers; and
Clearly outlined stage stressing of the post-tensioning
tendons in the contract documents.
The contractor built a mockup of the tensioning end before
proceeding. Due to this field study, the ends of the walls were
splayed to create more room to reduce congestion caused by the
size of the anchors that were available. Mass concrete testing
simulations were performed in advance in large concrete pier
caps and led to installing 88 maturity meters in the forms.
This focus minimized internal cracking in the concrete.
Project credits: Parkland Health and Hospital System,
Owner; HDR and Corgan Associates, Architects; Datum
Engineers, Gojer & Associates, and AG&E, Engineers; BARA
(A joint venture Balfour Beatty, Austin Commercial, H.J.
Russell & Company, and Azteca Enterprises), Contractors;
VSL, PT Supplier; Capform, Inc., Concrete and Shoring
Contractor; CMC Rebar, Reinforcing Steel Supplier; and TXI
and Southern Star Concrete, Concrete Suppliers.
Glacier Skywalk, Jasper National Park, AB, Canada
Industrial/Special Applications Award

of Excellence
Glacier Skywalk
This structure rests 280 m (919 ft) above the Sunwapta

Valley in Alberta, Canada, and is cantilevered 35 m (115 ft)
over the cliff edge. The 30 m (98 ft) parabolic walkway has
glass flooring and side rails to provide the most unobstructed
views of the valley. Trapezoidal steel box girders with rock
anchor tie-downs are located on the foundations to support the
massive cantilever.
Project credits: Brewster Travel Canada, Owner; Sturgess
Architecture, Architect; Read Jones Christofferson Engineering
Calgary, Engineer; PCL Construction Management, Contractor;
and Dywidag-Systems International, Canada, PT Supplier.
Other contributors included BAT Construction, BOVA Steel,
and Josef Gartner.
Parking Structures Award of Excellence

Tapiola Central Parking Facility
This parking garage/cave project with cast-in-place,

post-tensioned concrete slabs was the beginning of the
renewal of the Tapiola area of Espoo, Finland. The overall
scope of this project involved relocating all parking facilities
underground to release space on the ground level for pedestrian
traffic and other new activities. This projects first phase
provides 1669 parking spaces and another smaller underground garage in Tapiola related to this one has 337 parking
spaces (total of 2006 spaces). Excavation work began in
summer 2012 and, when completed, it will be Finlands
largest underground parking facility excavated in the bedrock.
There will be charging points for electric cars on every floor.
This parking garage will provide parking space not only for
people using the commercial services in Tapiola but it will
Tapiola Central Parking Facility, Espoo, Finland
also serve as connecting parking for the new metro line

starting in August 2016.
Project credits: Apiolan Keskuspyskinti Oy, Owner;
Arkkitehtitoimisto Hkp Oy, Architect; Sweco Structures
Finland, Engineer; SRV Rakennus Oy, Contractor; and
Lemminkinen Infra Oy (MK4 Unbonded System), PT Supplier.
Repair, Rehabilitation & Strengthening

Award of Excellence
SBR Tank #1 Repairs
Immediately upon the discovery of the structural damage,

an extensive shoring system was designed and installed to
stabilize the structure while the adjacent tanks, SBR #2 and
SBR #3, stayed in operation. Repair sequencing was systematically designed to stabilize the structure while allowing the
The PTI Project Awards program runs every 2 years.
The next round will be held in 2017. If you are interested
in submitting a project for the next awards program,
details and an application kit will be available in 2016.
Visit www.post-tensioning.org.
25
SBR Tank #1 Repairs, Mount Carmel, PA
Sky View Parc Tennis Facility, Flushing, NY
adjacent tanks to stay in full operation. Work was performed

in a precise, step-by-step process so as not to jeopardize the
structural integrity of the post-tensioned foundation slab and
walkway bridges.
The hydrostatic pressure exerted by the flooding mine
forced the mat foundation of SBR Tank #1 to buckle, resulting
in a chain reaction when the forces were released by the
post-tension system embedded in the slab. Overall resulting
damage included slab buckling, foundation movements,
foundation wall displacement, walkway displacement, and
column structural damage.
This project involved methods, materials, and equipment
that are not typically used in new construction post-tensioned
projects. Temporary repair anchors (lock-offs) were used to
maintain stress on the tendons that extended into the adjacent
tanks. Splice couplings and center stressing anchors (dogbones)
were used to connect new 0.60 PT strand and restore the
tendon. Some new end anchors had to be installed inside of
the displaced wall because the wedges had released on some
tendons when the floor buckled. All of the repaired tendons
were stressed to 80% of the ultimate strand tensile strength.

Project credits: Mount Carmel Municipal Authority,
Owner; Thorton Thomasetti, Inc., Engineer; Concrete
Protection & Restoration, Inc., Contractor; and DywidagSystems International, PT Supplier.
Errata for ACI Publications
Available Online
Under the menu for Publications at
www.concrete.org, document errata can be
searched by document number or keywords.
Call ACI Member Services at +1.248.848.3700 for
more information.
26
Slab-on-Ground Award of Excellence

Sky View Parc Tennis Facility
The client was looking to construct two tennis courts and a

multi-sport court on top of a seven-story parking garage.
During the construction of the original parking structure, the
designers did not consider that this particular area was going
to be the site of the tennis courts. The main problem was that
the slope of the existing deck was completely wrong for the
construction of tennis courts. There were also weight restrictions
on the parking structure that needed to be maintained. Several
engineers and contractors were unsuccessful in coming up
with a design for functional athletic courts that would satisfy
those weight restrictions.
An elevated deck was constructed using ridged foam
insulation boards stacked up and plywood screwed to the
aisles of insulation. The height of the aisles ranged from 2 in.
(50 mm) to 2 ft (0.6 m). All electrical conduits for the tennis
court lighting and outlets were run underneath the elevated
platform. A 4 in. (100 mm) thick post-tensioned slab was then
installed on top of the elevated deck.
After the slab was completed, custom fence post brackets
were fabricated and installed on the edge of the post-tensioned
slab. The construction team was unable to secure the posts to
the existing precast planks of the garage deck. Fencing was
completed and the final sports surfacing was installed.
Project credits: Sky View Parc, Owner; Moss Gilday
Group, Architect; Classic Turf Company, LLC, Engineer and
Contractor; and Builders Post Tensioning, PT Supplier.
The Phig-leaf Phactor

Part 1Is refinement of the f-factor a pedantic pursuit?
by John Stanton, Kristina Tsvetanova, and Andrew Taylor
trength reduction factors, also known as resistance factors

or f-factors, form one part of the Load and Resistance
Factor strategy for ensuring structural safety. However,
resistance factors were not originally included in Ultimate
Strength Design when it was introduced as an option in the
Appendix of the 1956 edition of the ACI 318 Code.1 For the
subsequent edition of the Code, strength reduction factors were
first proposed as two material factors, one applied to concrete
cylinder strength and the other applied to steel yield strength. This
proposed 1963 Code2 was met with strong opposition in the public
discussion phase, and was subsequently rejected by the ACI
membership. The reasons for this rejection centered on a dissatisfaction with applying strength reduction factors to individual
material types. A consensus eventually emerged: it was believed
that strength reduction factors should be more closely related to
structural actions (that is, shear, moment, and axial force) and to
member types rather than variations in material strength. In
response, ACI Committee 318 introduced resistance factors based
on anticipated failure mode and/or member type, and these factors
were published in the body of the Code in 19633 and the Commentary4 in 1965. They have resided there ever since.
Two recent publications5,6 have pointed to features of the
present arrangement that appear unsatisfactory, and the
purpose of this paper is to open a broader discussion on the
topic. The primary questions are:
Whether the f-factors effectiveness in preventing collapse
justifies the difficulties of using them in practice; and
Whether their present format is justified by the underlying data.
In particular, the sliding f-factor for members under
flexure (M) and axial load (P) has been the target of criticism.
For example, Lequesne and Pincheira5 and Gamble6,7 point out
that the f-factor leads to design P-M interaction curves with
distinctly odd shapes, which cannot represent a consistent
level of safety for all eccentricities. In addition, use of the
sliding f-factor presents some operational difficulties, and it
seems reasonable to ask whether acceptance of their benefits
in terms of safety outweigh the inconvenience of using them.
The f-factors for other actions (such as shear and torsion) are
constant, and so are simpler to apply, but it is questionable
whether the multiplicity of different values, of which many are
nearly but not quite identical, is really justified by the underlying data. Further complications arise because of other inconsistencies. For example, if a beam is designed by the strut-and-tie
method, the flexural steel attracts f of 0.75, whereas if the
beam were designed using a sectional approach, f would be
0.90 and less steel would be used. Once built, the beam would
never know which way it had been designed, but its performance would be different in the two cases.
Because safety depends on both load and f-factors, some
simultaneous discussion of load factors is appropriate.
Evaluation of Existing Provisions for Load and

f-factors
In the 1956 318 Code appendix, the load factors for dead
and live load alone were 1.2 and 2.4, and no f-factors were
used. In the 1963 edition of the Code, the load factors were
changed to 1.5 and 1.8, f for flexural capacity was set at 0.9,
and the ultimate strength provisions were moved to the body
of the code and thus became the primary approach to design.
These values were obtained by an approximate equivalence
to members designed under the working stress design
(WSD) provisions in earlier versions of the code. That
equivalence could not be exact, because load and resistance
factor design (LRFD) comprises factors that vary by load
type and failure mode. In contrast, WSD used only one
safety factor. In 1971, the range of load factors was expanded, and those for dead and live load dropped to 1.4 and 1.7,
respectively, with no change in f for bending. In 2002, those
load factors dropped again, this time to 1.2 and 1.6, while
again f for bending remained unchanged at 0.9.8 Both
changes lowered the level of overall safety provided by the
design paradigm, but neither was followed by a rash of
failures. It is evident that, for the causes of failure against
which the load and f-factors guard, the level of safety is still
27
sufficiently high that other causes dominate the great

majority of failures in the field.
It is worth reviewing the basis for both factors. The current
load factors are largely based on the work of Ellingwood et al.9
The selection of suitable factors is beset by several difficulties.
First, the live loads specified in ASCE/SEI 7-1010 are usually well
above the expected value and, if the specified load is multiplied
by a load factor, real safety is provided by both the load factor
and the bias (that is, the ratio between the specified and mean
values), as illustrated in Fig. 1. This situation is unsatisfactory
because the load factors are given explicitly in ASCE/SEI 7-10,
but the biases are hidden. The situation would be clearer if there
were no bias and the load factors were adjusted to reflect better
the true ratio between extreme and expected loads. Furthermore,
the specified load is most likely to occur in connection with some
other event; a corridor is likely to be fully loaded to its specified
value only in an emergency, such as a fire in a building, and this
cross-correlation between hazards complicates their evaluation.
Second, load and strength are assumed to be independent,
but at least for self-weight, this is improbable. A member that is
larger than the one shown on the plans will certainly be heavier,
but it will likely also be stronger, especially in positive moment
regions, as shown in Fig. 2, in which the dashed lines indicate

the as-designed condition. Thus, in the case of self-weight, load
and strength are not entirely independent.
Third, obtaining data for the purpose of establishing load
factors poses a practical difficulty. By definition, most of the
available load data lie in the neighborhood of the mean,
whereas the data of real interest is at the extremes. Thus there
is little choice but to fit a standard model (such as a normal or
a log-normal distribution) to the available data and hope that it
describes adequately the statistics at the extremes. It may not.
For example, a normal distribution is symmetric, yet load data
are clearly not (gravity is seldom negative). Both issues lead
to doubt that extreme loads predicted by a statistical model
will correspond well to the true extreme values.
For the strength reduction factors, ACI 318-14 Section
R4.611 gives the basis explicitly as:
The purpose of the strength reduction factor is to account
for the probability of under-strength due to variations of in
place material strengths and dimensions, the effect of simplifying assumptions in the design equations, the degree of
ductility, potential failure mode of the member, the required
reliability, and significance of failure and existence of
alternative load paths for the member in the structure.
This wording differs slightly from that in ACI 318-11, but
the concepts are the same. These principles are laudable, but
there is room to question whether the f-factors specified in
ACI 318-14 achieve the stated goals, and, if so, exactly how
the two are related. The goals are considered individually in
the following paragraphs.
Understrength materials are highly improbable today.
Szerszen and Nowak12 and Nowak et al.13 conducted a
calibration study to evaluate the f-factors adopted in the 2002
Code. The great majority of that study focused on evaluating
materials data for concrete, deformed bar reinforcement, and
Fig. 1: Probabilistic distribution of loads. The live loads specified in ASCE/

SEI 7-10 are usually well above the mean value. Factoring the specified
load results in even greater real safety (Note: 1 lb/ft2 = 47.9 N/m2)
Fig. 2: A schematic section through the positive moment region of a

slab, showing the as-designed (dashed lines) and as-built slab depth.
Although load and strength are assumed to be independent, there
can be significant interaction between self-weight and strength
28
Fig. 3: Statistics of tensile strength for 270 ksi (1862 MPa) prestressing strand (after Reference 12). The normal inverse probability, on
the vertical axis, represents the number of standard deviations above
or below the mean, and it has a corresponding probability. The
strength, on the horizontal axis, is the one that has that probability of
not being achieved (Note: 1 ksi = 6.9 MPa)
prestressing strand. The results showed

that contemporary materials are
extraordinarily reliable. For example,
deformed bars of all sizes were found to
have a reliability index of 4.33,13
meaning that the probability of a bar
having a yield strength less than the
specified value is about 105. The
probability that a group of bars will
have a mean yield strength less than the
specified value is necessarily even lower.
For 1/2 in. (13 mm) diameter, 270 ksi
(1862 MPa) prestressing strand (Fig. 3),
a reliability index of 2.5 (0.6%
probability of having strength less than
specified) was found.13 Furthermore,
only one strand specimen out of the
total of the 33,387 tested had a strength
less than 260 ksi (1793 MPa). These
findings of high reliability for reinforcement are attributed to the changes in
manufacturing methods and quality
control over the years.
Concrete today is made almost
exclusively by ready mixed concrete
companies or in precasting plants, both of
which have the incentives and computercontrolled mechanisms to make highquality, reliable concrete. No longer is
there a batch plant operator on site whose
Monday morning hangover might cloud
his judgment of the mixture proportions
and lead to understrength material.
Minor dimensional variations are also
unlikely to affect strength significantly.
Columns and beams are usually made
with well-controlled forming systems,
and slabs are more likely to be too thick
than too thin because of possible sagging
in the formwork. This is confirmed by
MacGregor et al.14 Dimensional problems
do exist; for example, embedded
electrical boxes, conduits, and coredrilled holes appear in columns, perhaps
unknown to the structural engineer, and
they remove cross section, but they are
difficult to incorporate into a smooth
distribution of random variations in
dimensions. Perhaps the most common
dimensional variation is low placement
of the top layer of bars. This could be a
significant factorespecially in slabs,
where a 1 in. (25 mm) variation causes
the largest change relative to the member
thickness. But slabs also have some
compensating benefits, such as low steel

ratios and consequent high ductility,
allowing particularly good load redistribution. While still low, steel ratios are
usually higher than the calculated value
because of prescriptive minimums.
Consequently, bending failures in slabs
are rare.
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The effect of simplifying assumptions

in the design equationsthis argument
does not stand up well to scrutiny. If the
magnitude of the effect is known, then it
would be rational to change the equation
in question so that it no longer results in
an underestimation of the true strength.
If, however, the magnitude is unknown,
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29
how can the error be accounted for rationally using a f-factor?

It is also worth noting that simplifications usually result in
additional conservatism overall, to achieve safety in all cases.
One of the most common assumptions is that reinforcing bars
behave elasto-plastically. However, as shown in Fig. 4, that
assumption is conservative for estimating section strength.
The required reliability of the member and significance
(which we take to mean the consequences) of failure are
Fig. 4: Grade 60 reinforcing bars are assumed to exhibit elasto-plastic

behavior. This approximation is conservative for estimating strength
(Note: 1 ksi = 6.9 MPa; 1 in. = 25 mm)
Fig. 5: Even though statically indeterminate systems have alternative

load paths, they are designed with the same strength reduction
factor as statically determinate systems
Fig. 6: With increasing w, the strength rises but the ductility

(indicated here by the curvature at failure) falls
30
reflected in the fact that columns generally attract lower

f-factors than other members, as indeed they should because
loss of a column is likely to be more damaging than loss of
some other element. However, there is no comparable
difference in the f-factors for beams and slabs, which also
occupy different levels on the hierarchy of importance.
The existence of alternative load paths appears not to be
reflected in the code-specified f-factors. Cantilevers and
simple beams have no alternative load paths (Fig. 5), but their
absence is not recognized by the f-factors. In fact, Mast15
states: The determination of behavior at nominal strength is
done at the specific cross-section, and it would therefore be
appropriate to use the word cross-section (as opposed to
member) in most cases. To include the influence of alternative load paths would probably require a system f-factor,
perhaps imposed on top of the existing member factors.
Although that approach would better reflect the true hazard
picture, it would add complexity in design.
Last is ductility. The discussion has two parts. In the first,
some modes of failure, such as shear, are inherently nonductile
so the primary approach is to prevent their happening through
the use of Capacity Design. This is already done explicitly in
the seismic provisions for beams and columns, which base the
shear demand, Vu, on the probable flexural capacity, Mpr. The
effect of ductility is to some extent also implicit in the low
f-factor for shear (0.75), although that single factor is rather a
blunt instrument; MacGregor16 found that reliability in shear
varies significantly with the quantity of transverse steel.
In the second part of the discussion, the real ductility
capacity in different modes of failure, such as bending, is taken
into account in the f-factor, but the results may be a victim of
the Law of Unintended Consequences. Ductility capacity is,
depending on the exact definition, roughly inversely related to
strength because strength is nearly directly proportional to the
reinforcing index, w, and ductility is inversely proportional to it
(Note: w = rfy/fc ). Thus, for a tension-controlled flexural
member of given dimensions and materials, the product of
strength and ductility is almost constant, and independent of the
reinforcing ratio. Figure 6 illustrates the relationship using
moment-curvature plots for rectangular members with different
w values. (They have been made dimensionless by dividing the
moment by bd 2fc , and multiplying the curvature by d.) As w
increases, the strength rises but the ductility (measured here by
the curvature at failure) falls.
The sliding f-factor for beam bending provides incentives
for promoting ductility that are either neutral or negative.
Consider a flexural member of given depth, in which a certain
strength is needed and the tension reinforcement is to be
selected. In the range 0.005 < et < , f is constant so the
addition of tension steel increases strength and reduces
ductility. This is deemed acceptable because the strength
provided is based on the factored load and so is adequate, and
the condition 0.005 < et provides a reasonable lower bound on
ductility capacity. However, when ey < et < 0.005, the addition
of more tension steel causes an increase in Mn but an almost
equal reduction in f. The result for

design quantities is that adding reinforcement leads to only a very slight
gain in fMn and a significant loss in
ductility; the product of fMn and
ductility is then no longer constant, but
drops. The result for expected quantities
(that is, with f = 1.0) is that the strength
increases, which is unnecessary because
safety against collapse under the known
loads is already ensured, while the
ductility decreases, which is detrimental
because it reduces the members ability
to accommodate the relatively unknown
displacement-based loads, such as
support settlement, shrinkage, and
thermal effects. The combined effect is
therefore to lower performance.
The sliding f-factor for bending was
introduced in 2002, with the new load
factors. It was devised to unify the
previously disparate provisions for
prestressed and nonprestressed concrete, to
unify the rules for beams and columns, and
to clear up some other difficulties, such as
values for nonrectangular sections.14 It was
an elegant step toward those goals.
However, the foregoing arguments, in
terms of both strangely shaped P-M
diagrams and the seeming disconnect
between the stated goals and the real
outcomes, show that it also has drawbacks.
Perhaps the most common objection
to it is the fact that, if taken at face value,
it necessitates iteration even for design of
a simple beam. To find the reinforcement
needed to support a given Mu, the first
step is to compute the required Mn. But
that cannot be done because it requires a
value for f, which depends on et, which
in turn depends on the reinforcement,
which cannot be chosen until Mn is
known. The calculation is thus circular. A
practical work-around, suggested by
Wight and MacGregor,17 is to limit the
amount of tension reinforcement so that
et > 0.005 under all circumstances, in
which case f is always 0.9 for flexural
members. Many engineers already do
this. But why have a system that is
sufficiently complicated that it needs a
work-around?
Naaman18 has pointed to other
inconsistencies, primarily with the
dependence of f on the strain in the
extreme tension steel, rather than at the

steel centroid, and he has supported the
use of the ratio c/d rather than et (or c/dt)
as the basis for a variable f-factor. The
use of d rather than dt has the advantage
that it reflects better the ductility
capacity of a flexural member in which
the tension steel, and thus d, are clearly
defined. But it creates some difficulties
in columns, where the area and centroid
of the steel in tension vary with the
loading. Thus such a change would be
detrimental to the effort to unify the
rules for beams and columns.
The conclusions from these arguments are that:
Despite three reductions in the load
factors over the past 52 years,
structural failures have not become
noticeably more common. This
suggests that the present combination
of load and resistance factors leads to
strength larger than that needed to
prevent failure, and that other matters
control failure;
The inherent bias in the loads
specified by ASCE/SEI 7-10 provides additional safety that is not
accounted for in the design paradigm. The level of additional safety
is higher for structures with a high
ratio of live load to self-weight
because the bias is higher for live
load, provided, of course, that the
load factors reflect well the real ratio
of extreme to expected load;
The relationship between the
specified strength reduction factors
and their stated goals, other than
material understrength, is tenuous at
best; and
The sliding f-factor for bending is
awkward to use and leads to results
particularly for P-M interaction
diagramsthat are at odds with
professional intuition.
It is for these reasons that we
describe (with tongue in cheek) the
f-factor as a phig-leaf. It forms part of
a design algorithm that leads to structures that, in the absence of human
error, are likely to have satisfactory
strength against the range of loads
anticipated by statistical methods.
However, those are not the conditions
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31
that affect real failures. Great refinement in the development of

load and resistance factors is therefore at best of little value and
at worst misleading, because the sophistication and effort of
those methods belie their limited effectiveness in preventing
failures in the field.
In the second in this sequence of two papers, we will
present a brief survey of notable failures and identify some of
the underlying causes of common failures. We also present
some possible approaches to changing the structure of the
f-factors. The list is not exhaustive, and readers are encouraged to write in with their own suggestions for change.
References
1. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete (ACI 318-56), ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 52, No. 5, May
1956, pp. 913-986.
2. Proposed Revision of Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete (ACI 318-56), ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 59, No. 2, Feb.
1962, pp. 145-276.
3. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete (ACI 318-63), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
MI, 1963, 144 pp.
4. ACI Committee 318, Commentary on Building Code Requirements
for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-63), Building Code Commentary, SP-10,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1965, 91 pp.
5. Lequesne, R.D., and Pincheira, J.A., Proposed Revisions to the
Strength-Reduction Factor for Axially-Loaded Members, Concrete
International, V. 36, No. 9, Sept. 2014, pp. 43-49.
6. Gamble, W.L., Letter on Phi Factors Again, Concrete International, V. 37, No. 1, Jan. 2015, pp. 18-19.
7. Gamble, W.L., f-Factors and Other Anomalies, Concrete International, V. 20, No. 8, Aug. 1998. pp 56-58.
8. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete (ACI 318-02) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, 2002, 300 pp.
9. Ellingwood, B.; Galambos, T.V.; MacGregor, J.G.; and Cornell,
C.A., Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American
National Standard A58, NBS Special Report 577, U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC,1980, 222 pp.
10. ASCE/SEI 7-10, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2010, 218 pp.
Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.
12. Szerszen, M.M., and Nowak, A.S., Calibration of Design Code for
Buildings (ACI 318): Part 2Reliability Analysis and Resistance Factors,
ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 3, May-June 2003, pp. 383-391.
13. Nowak, A.S.; Szerszen, M.M.; Szeliga, E.K.; Szwed, A.; and
Podhorecki, P.J., Reliability-Based Calibration for Structural Concrete,
report submitted to the Portland Cement Association and the Precast/
Prestressed Concrete Institute, UNLCE 05-03, University of Nebraska,
Lincoln, NE, 2005, 118 pp.
14. MacGregor, J.G.; Mirza, S.A.; and Ellingwood, B, Statistical
Analysis of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Members, ACI Journal
Proceedings, V. 80, No. 3, May-June 1983, pp. 167-176.
32
15. Mast, R.F., Unified Design Provisions for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Flexural and Compression Members, ACI Structural
Journal, V. 89, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1992, pp. 185-199.
16. MacGregor, J.G., Load and Resistance Factors for Concrete
Design, ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 80, No. 4, July-Aug. 1983,
pp. 279-287.
17. Wight, J.K., and MacGregor, J.G., Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design, sixth edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle
River, NJ, 2011, pp. 134-135.
18. Naaman, A.E., Limits of Reinforcement in 2002 ACI Code:
Transition, Flaws, and Solution, ACI Structural Journal, V. 101, No. 2,
Mar.-Apr. 2004, pp. 209-218.
Received and reviewed under Institute publication policies.
John Stanton, FACI is a Professor of

civil engineering at the University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, where he has
taught and conducted research for 37
years. Prior to entering academia, he
worked in structural design practice
in England, France, and Canada. His
research interests include reinforced
precast and prestressed concrete, and
his recent work has focused on accelerated bridge construction
in seismic regions. He is a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee
550, Precast Concrete Structures, and ACI Subcommittee 318-H,
Seismic.
Kristina Tsvetanova received her bachelors degree in civil engineering from
Istanbul Technical University in Turkey
and is currently working on a masters
degree in structural engineering at the
University of Washington. Her research
interests include earthquake engineering, prestressed concrete bridges,
anchorage and development of
reinforcement, and accelerated bridge construction.
Andrew W. Taylor, FACI, of KPFF
Consulting Engineers, Seattle, WA, has
29 years of experience in structural engineering research and design practice.
He is a member of the ACI Technical
Activities Committee and ACI Committee
318, Structural Concrete Building Code;
and current Chair of ACI Subcommittee
318-H, Seismic Provisions. Taylor is Chair
of the Earthquake Engineering Committee of the Structural Engineers Association of Washington.
His research interests are in the areas of reinforced concrete
structures and performance-based seismic design.
Revisiting the ACI 318

Unified Design Provisions
for Flexure and Axial Load
Accommodating higher strength reinforcement is one of many issues
under consideration
by Charles W. Dolan
n 1992, Robert Mast1 published a paper proposing the

unification of design provisions for reinforced and
prestressed beams and column members. A principal
element of Masts proposal is the unification of requirements
for determination of strength reduction factors and moment
redistribution. The unification of these requirements is based
on the net tensile strainthe tensile strain in the reinforcement
at nominal strength, exclusive of strains due to effective
prestress, creep, shrinkage, and temperature change. With this
proposal, net tensile strain replaces the reinforcement ratio as
the primary limiting parameter for reinforcement design. Masts
paper defines sections as tension-controlled when the net
tensile strain is greater than 0.005 and compression-controlled
when the net tensile strain is less than 0.0025. A linear
transition of the strength reduction factor occurs between
these limits. The net tensile strain at a section is also used to
define when redistribution of moment is permissible. The net
tensile strain approach resolves several issues in the Code,
such as calculation of reinforcement ratios for members with
thin webs. With these changes, limits on reinforcement ratios
and prestressing reinforcement indices are no longer necessary.
Masts paper and the included examples focused on
Grade 60 reinforcement, which was predominant 20 years
ago. There are several points in the paper addressing higher
strength reinforcement, but accommodating higher strength
steel was largely left for future development.
ACI 318 Code Adoption
The concepts enumerated in Masts paper were adopted

into an Appendix of the 1999 ACI 318 Building Code2 and
fully adopted in the 2002 ACI 318 Building Code3 with
several minor modifications. Section 10.3.3 of the 2011
Code,4 which is currently the governing code in many
jurisdictions, defines a section as compression-controlled
The unified design provisions in the 2014 ACI 318

Building Code have issues that are being addressed.
While not life safety issues, these become more pressing
as designers increasingly specify higher strength
concrete and reinforcement. The issues are:
The strain range for the transition zone between
tension- and compression-controlled sections and the
associated strength reduction factor ;
The performance of higher strength reinforcement in
slabs and beams;
The behavior of higher strength concrete and
reinforcement in columns;
The limits on moment redistribution; and
The maximum compressive strain for concrete.
In this article, the term higher strength is applied to
a specified concrete strength f c in excess of 8000 psi
(55 MPa) and reinforcement yield strength fy in excess
of 60 ksi (Grade 60 bars, 420 MPa).
when the net tensile strain in the tension steel farthest from
the compression face is no larger than the net tensile strain at
balanced strain conditions. The distance from the extreme
compression fiber to the centroid of the extreme layer of
tension steel is denoted dt in the 2011 Code. Per Section
10.3.2 and its commentary, a balanced strain condition exists
when the tension reinforcement (at an effective depth of d)
reaches the strain corresponding to yield just as concrete in
compression reaches a strain of 0.003. For all practical
purposes, a compression-controlled section thus has a net
tensile strain at or below the specified tensile yield strain of
the reinforcement, ey. The commentary to Section 10.3.2 points
out that the reinforcement ratio rb, which produces balanced
strain conditions under flexure, depends on the shape of the
33
Compressioncontrolled
section
0.90
Tensioncontrolled
section
Transition zone
Grade 60
Grade 80
0.85
0
e8
0.75
e6
ad
Gr
0.70
Gr
ad
0.80
0.65
1999-2011 Code
2014 Code
t = 0.002
t = y
Net tensile strain
t = 0.005
t = 0.005
Fig. 1: Variation of with net tensile strain
cross section and the location of the reinforcement. The

simplest case is a rectangular section with single layer of
tension reinforcement. Such a member has a reinforcement ratio
given by As/bd, where As is the area of tension reinforcement
and b is the width of the section. For a compression-controlled
rectangular section with a single layer of tension reinforcement, is equal to rb and the net tensile strain is ey.
Section 10.3.3 further permits setting the compressioncontrolled strain limit at a strain of 0.002 for Grade 60
reinforcement and all prestressed reinforcement. This limit is
slightly less than the yield strain of Grade 60 reinforcement.
Section 10.3.4 of the 2011 Code defines a section as
tension-controlled if the net tensile strain is at least 0.005.
Using the permitted simplification for the compressioncontrolled strain limit, the transition zone for the strength
reduction factor for Grade 60 reinforcement occurs between
net tensile strains of 0.002 and 0.005 (Fig. 1).
Limiting the tension-controlled section to a net tensile
strain of 0.005 is equivalent to setting a maximum reinforcement ratio of = 0.638rb for a singly reinforced rectangular
section with Grade 60 reinforcement. This maximum ratio is
slightly less than the 0.75rb allowed in codes issued prior to
the adoption of Masts unified design provisions. To allow
closer correlation with previous codes, nonprestressed flexural
members were permitted to reach net tensile strains as low as
0.004, equivalent to approximately 0.71rb. The allowance of
the 0.005 net tensile strain for prestressed reinforcement
reflects that this reinforcement is stressed to at least 50% of its
specified yield strength and the addition of flexural strain to
the prestressing strain moves the total strain past the yield strain.
The 2014 ACI 318 Code5 was substantially reorganized
based on member design. In anticipation of higher strength
reinforcement, Fig. R21.2.2b in the 2014 Code emphasizes the
definition of a compression-controlled section as one having a
net tensile strain at or below ey (Fig. 1). This maintains the
compression-controlled section definition as the balanced
34
Fig. 2: Permissible redistribution of moments for minimum rotation

capacity (from Reference 5) (Note: 60 ksi = 414 MPa; 80 ksi = 552 MPa)
ratio for rectangular sections with single layers of tension

reinforcement. While Fig. R21.2.2b in the 2014 Code indicates ey
and is similar to previous Code figures, Fig. 1 additionally
illustrates the shift in the rate of change of the strength
reduction factor when the reinforcement changes from Grade 60
to Grade 80, resulting from an increase in ey. The net tensile
strain allowance of 0.004 remains for both nonprestressed and
prestressed members, including one-way slabs (2014 Code
Section 7.3.3.1), two-way slabs (Code Section 8.3.3.1 and
Table 8.4.2.3.4), and beams (Code Section 9.3.3.1).
Limits on the permissible use of moment redistribution
remain based on the net tensile strain. ACI 318-14 Figure R6.6.5
(reproduced here in Fig. 2) indicates the theoretically
available moment redistribution for Grade 60 and Grade 80
reinforcement. No redistribution values are shown for higher
grades of reinforcement.
Calculation of Beam Capacity Using the

Unified Design Provisions
The nominal moment capacity of tension-controlled

rectangular beam sections may be calculated using the flexural
resistance factor R:
Mn
= f y 1 0.588 y (1)
2
bd
f c
where Mn is the nominal flexural strength; and fy and f c are the

specified steel and concrete strengths, respectively. Inherent in
Eq. (1) is the assumption that the reinforcement behaves in an
elasto-plastic manner.
The design strength is the nominal strength times the
strength reduction factor, or fRbd2. As mentioned previously,
the Code allows nonprestressed flexural members to reach net
tensile strains as low as 0.004 to allow closer correlation of
reinforcing amounts with those associated with previous
R=
900
codes that ensured ductility by limiting to 0.75rb. The

establishment of a 0.004 lower bound on the net tensile strain
did not include consideration of the transition in between net
tensile strains of 0.004 and 0.005. For beams with Grade 60
reinforcement, the transition in effectively cancels out any
strength gain associated with increasing . Further, for beams
with Grade 80 reinforcement and f c of 4000 psi (28 MPa), for
example, the transition in reduces the design strength of a
rectangular section with increasing (Fig. 3). This occurs
because the rate of change of increases in the transition zone
due to the higher ey of 0.0028 for Grade 80 reinforcement
(Fig. 1). In general, for beams with reinforcement with fy
greater than 60,000 psi (414 MPa) and with net tensile strains
less than 0.005, adding reinforcement increases the nominal
strength but reduces the design strength.
The stress-strain behavior of higher strength steel reinforcement can affect the manner in which the transition zone
is defined. While Grade 60, 75, and some Grade 80 bars have
stress-strain behaviors that resemble the elasto-plastic model
assumed for design, the stress-strain curves of reinforcement
with yield strength above 80 ksi (552 MPa) has a nonlinear
plastic portion. ASTM A1035/A1035M reinforcement, for
example, is rated as having a 100 ksi (689 MPa) yield
strength; however, the actual stress at strains exceeding the
yield strain is considerably higher than 100 ksi (Fig. 4).
High-strength reinforcement is addressed by Mast et al.6
and in ITG-6,7 both of which examine ASTM A1035/A1035M
Grade 100 reinforcement. Both documents recommend that a
net tensile strain of 0.004 be used to define a compressioncontrolled section. The value is slightly greater than a calculated yield strain of 0.0034 and is consistent with Masts
original paper,1 which defined the compression-controlled
section as a section with a net tensile strain of 0.0025a
value slightly greater than the calculated yield strain for
Grade 60 steel. The 0.004 net tensile strain includes
Mn /bd 2 and Mn /bd 2, psi
t= 0.004
Mn /bd 2
800
700
Mn /bd 2
600
500
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
Reinforcement ratio,
0.017
0.018
Fig. 3: Beam section nominal and design strength as functions of

reinforcement ratio for f c = 4000 psi (28 MPa) and fy = 80,000 psi
(552 MPa) calculated from Eq. (1) (Note: 1 psi = 0.0069 MPa)
160
Proposed transition zone
140
120
Stress, ksi
Considerations for addressing high-strength

reinforcement
t= 0.005
ASTM A1035/A1035M
100
80
Transition zone
Grade 60
60
40
20
0
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
Strain
Fig. 4: Comparison of tension to compression transition zones for
Grade 60 and Grade 100 reinforcement (adapted from Reference 7)
(Note: 1 ksi = 6.9 MPa)
35
Table 1:
Table 2:
Tension-controlled section limits, from Eq. (2)
Maximum reinforcement ratios as a function of the

balanced reinforcement ratio for et = 0.005
fy, ksi
60
75
80
90
100
ey
0.0021
0.0026
0.0028
0.0031
0.0034
fy, ksi
60
75
80
et
0.005
0.0065
0.0070
0.0080
0.0090
ey
0.0021
0.0026
0.0028
/b
0.638
0.579
0.570
0.545
0.533
/b
0.638
0.688
0.710
Note: 1 ksi = 6.9 MPa
Note: 1 ksi = 6.9 MPa
consideration of the nonlinear knuckle transition between

elastic and yield behavior. The tension-controlled section is
suggested to be at a net tensile strain of 0.009. This definition
provides a transition zone of 0.005 net tensile strain between
a compression-controlled section and a tension-controlled
section, compared to the 0.003 net tensile strain zone for the
Grade 60 reinforcement (Fig. 4). These references contain
no recommendation on the net tensile strain limits for
Grade 80 reinforcement.
ITG-6 and Reference 5 present two options for calculation
of nominal moment of a concrete beam with Grade 100
reinforcement. A simplified design approach limits the stress
in the reinforcement to 100 ksi and applies a traditional
rectangular stress block for the concrete behavior. An alternative
approach uses strain compatibility. Sample calculations in
References 6 and 7 indicate that, relative to the simplified
approach, a strain compatibility approach provides nominal
strength predictions closer to test results and also provides an
indication of the net tensile strain.
A similar situation occurs with prestressed concrete. While
Code Eq. 20.3.2.3.1 can be used to find the stress in the
prestressing reinforcement at nominal flexural strength (the
section strength can then be found using the corresponding
rectangular stress block in the concrete), it does not provide
net tensile strain information. As an alternative approach, the
strain compatibility and equilibrium method gives both the
strength and the net tensile strain. Using notation from the 2011
Code, the maximum prestress force for a tension-controlled
section can be determined by setting the neutral axis at 0.375dt
and calculating the corresponding compression force in the
concrete using the rectangular stress block.
reduction factor transition zone begins with an examination of

the maximum reinforcement ratio for the various grades of
reinforcement. The yield strain is obtained by dividing the
specified yield stress by the modulus of elasticity of steel. For
an initial assessment, we can assume that the extent of the
transition zone between tension- and compression-controlled
sections varies linearly between the recommendations for
Grade 60 and Grade 100 reinforcement. The compressioncontrolled section begins at the calculated yield strain and the
corresponding definition of a tension-controlled section is:
Implications of proposed Grade 100

recommendations
The prior discussion of the use of higher strength reinforcement is limited to tensile reinforcement for flexural members
that is, for slabs and beams. For compression reinforcement, the
stress in the reinforcement remains limited to 80 ksi (552 MPa)
to ensure compatibility with the 0.003 strain limitation of the
concrete. A further caveat is that ITG-6 does not recommend
the use of the Grade 100 reinforcement for seismic applications
without a more extensive evaluation of the behavior. Further
information on the application of high-strength reinforcement
in seismic zones can be found in Reference 8.
An assessment of how higher strength reinforcement would
affect the unified approach and the associated strength
36
f 60, 000
t = 0.005 + 0.001 y
(2)
10, 000
where et is the strain limit for a tension-controlled section
and fy is the specified tensile yield stress. Values of et are
summarized in Table 1, which also presents the maximum
reinforcement ratios as a function of the balanced ratio.
Adopting the strains for the unified design approach in Table 1
has the effect of reducing the maximum reinforcement
allowed in a flexural member as the net tensile strain for a
tension-controlled section increases.
While Reference 6 suggests that some adjustment in the
definition of tension-controlled sections is needed for Grade 100
reinforcement, its important to note that Grades 75 and 80
reinforcement have been used successfully for several years.
Thus, a second approach would retain the 0.005 strain limit
for reinforcement up to Grade 80 and would place other limits
on reinforcement with strength greater than 80 ksi (552 MPa).
Keeping the calculated ey for the compression-controlled
section limit, the maximum reinforcement ratios for et = 0.005
are given in Table 2.
In the second approach, the transition zone gets shorter for
higher strength reinforcement and any net tensile strain less
than 0.005 results in a net reduction of design strength when
the strength reduction factor is applied. The effect of this
approach is opposite to extending the transition zone, that is,
higher strength reinforcement may be used at relatively higher
reinforcement ratios. This alternative ignores any loss of
ductility at higher reinforcement ratios and precludes any
flexural design with less than 0.005 net tensile strain as the
strength reduction factor would eliminate any nominal
strength gain. The selection of transition zone impacts the
shape on column interaction curves.
For comparison, Table 3 shows the nominal moment
capacities, calculated using Eq. (1), for an 18 in. (457 mm)
wide by 24 in. (610 mm) deep rectangular section reinforced
Table 3:
Comparison of nominal section moment capacity

Mn, in.-kip
fy, ksi
= 0.01
et = 0.005
et from Table 1
60
4770
12,110
12,110
80
6260
12,110
9960
100
7710
12,110
8450
control limit (Fig. 5). As the limit for the tension-controlled

section increases, the neutral axis rises and the compression
zone becomes smaller. For horizontal equilibrium, the force in
the reinforcement therefore decreases and the resulting
moment is also reduced.
u = 0.003
Note: fc = 8000 psi (55 MPa); b = 18 in. (450 mm); d = 21.5 in. (545 mm);
1 ksi = 6.9 MPa
with a single layer of 60, 80, and 100 ksi reinforcement.

Values for were set as 1%, based on et of 0.005, or based on
et from Table 1.
Table 3 contains various limits and needs additional
explanation. With set at 0.01, the net tensile strain is greater
than proposed net tensile strain limits, so the results are as
expected; higher strength reinforcement provides greater
moment capacity for the same reinforcement ratio. For et set
at 0.005, Mn is identical for all grades of reinforcement.
Lastly, for et values per Table 1, Mn decreases with increasing
fy. This apparently counterintuitive result can be explained
through examination of the strain diagram at the tension
dt
t = 0.005
t = 0.007
t = 0.009
Fig. 5: Effect of increasing the net tensile strain on the size of the
compression zone in the concrete
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The nominal moment for Grade 100 reinforcement is based

on the assumption of elasto-plastic behavior in the reinforcement. In actuality, the tensile stress continues to rise with
increasing strain, thus increasing the depth to the neutral axis
required for equilibrium. Therefore, consideration of net
1.2
(Mn, Pn)
8 ksi fc < 12 ksi

12 ksi fc < 16 ksi
16 ksi fc < 18.8 ksi
(Mn, Pn)
P = 0.80P0
1.0
P /(bchcfcc )
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
M /(bchc fcc )
2
Fig. 6: ACI 318 prediction of column capacity (from Bae and Bayrak9)
(Note: 1 ksi = 6.9 MPa)
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tensile strain limits must ensure that the section does not
inadvertently move into a compression-controlled condition.
Code considerations for slabs and beams
Based on the above, the following items are being considered

for revision in the ACI 318 Code:
First, all references to sections that allow a net tensile strain
between 0.004 and 0.005 should be removed from the Code
for one-way and two-way slabs and for beams. There is no
benefit derived from attempting to design in this region. Thus,
only tension-controlled flexural members would be allowed.
Second, for reinforcement strength above Grade 60, the
tension-controlled section net tensile strain requires close
examination to provide for an adequate transition zone,
ductility, and moment redistribution. Use of the net tensile
strains as indicated in Table 1 reduces the maximum reinforcement that may be placed in a member and the maximum
moment a member may attain. Serviceability issues needing
examination include deflections, ductility, and crack width.
Higher tensile strains may lead to larger deflections. Shorter
yield plateaus may lead to less ductility. While past research
on crack width suggests that reinforcement spacing is the
critical parameter, working strains of high-strength reinforcement are well beyond the cracking strain of concrete.
Third, the behavior of members with reinforcement having
stress-strain behavior similar to that shown in Fig. 4 requires
additional attention. Either the net tensile strain must be
established to ensure a tension-controlled section or a strain
compatibility based solution is required. A higher net tensile
strain reduces the efficacy of the higher strength reinforcement
while the strain compatibility calculation is more demanding.
Fourth, Fig. 2 suggests that moment redistribution provisions
are adequate for reinforcement up to Grade 80. Examination
of whether moment redistribution may be extrapolated to
Grade 100 reinforcement is needed. The fact that some Grade
100 reinforcement strength is well in excess of 100 ksi
suggests that more stringent limits may have to be applied to
avoid accidental development of compression-controlled
sections due to both the higher stress in the reinforcement and
moment redistributioninadvertently creating higher
compression in the section.8
High-strength columns
Bae and Bayrak9 point out that the current ACI methods may
over-predict the strength of columns that use high-strength
concrete (f c > 8000 psi [55 MPa]) (Fig. 6). Examination of the
ACI 318 Code provisions is required to correct this deficiency.
At present, the strength reduction factors provide design strength
capacities for the columns that are less than test results. At the
same time, the strength reduction factor for columns is intended
to include consideration of the importance of the member. With
the test data encroaching into this margin of safety, the consideration of overall structural importance is being evaluated. In all
cases, reinforcement in compression is limited to 80 ksi (552 MPa)
for compatibility with the maximum concrete compressive strain.
38
OCTOBER
2015 1|
Concrete International
03_2015.indd
Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
3/24/15
12:55 PM
There are multiple approaches to address this issue. First,

the b1 factor can be further adjusted to better fit the test data
for concrete strengths above 8000 psi (55 MPa). Second, an
alternative stress block may be used for concrete strength
above 8000 psi (55 MPa). An examination of concrete
stress-strain curves for high-strength concrete suggests that a
triangular stress block may be an option. It is easy to calculate
and is closer to the actual stress strain behavior. Third,
material factors may provide an alternative approach. Fourth,
additional strength limitations may be used. In any case, the
definition of tension- and compression-controlled sections
affects the foot or perturbance near the balance point of the
design strength interaction diagram. The resolution of this
issue may result in a more rational design strength curve.
Maximum concrete compressive strain
The ACI 318 Code includes the assumption that calculations

are based on a maximum compressive strain for concrete of
0.003. However, the actual maximum compressive strain
varies with strength. In European practice, a maximum
concrete compressive strain, ecu of 0.0035 is allowed.10
Alternatively, ecu is allowed to vary, as given by ecu = 0.004 0.002 fck /100 MPa, where fck is the characteristic strength
based on cube test results. Evaluating the latter expression
using an approximate conversion for cube test results and
cylinder test results (fck =1.2 f c) gives:
f c = 20 MPa (3 ksi), fck = 1.2 20 = 24 MPa, ecu = 0.0035
Commentary in the fib Textbook10 indicates that a constant
value of ecu = 0.0035 could be used without creating major
problems.
Adjusting the maximum concrete compressive strain has
consequences on the unified design approach and column
reinforcement. For lower strength concrete (and keeping the et
limits of 0.002 and 0.005 for the transition zone), increasing
ecu beyond 0.003 results in a larger maximum reinforcement
ratio. For high-strength concrete, limiting ecu to 0.0026 results
in a smaller maximum reinforcement ratio in flexure and
would limit the maximum calculated stress of reinforcement
in compression to 75 ksi (518 MPa). For compatibility with
the concrete, ecu must be at least 0.00276 to allow the calculated
stress of reinforcement in compression to reach 80 ksi (552 MPa).
Based on previous experience, no change in the current
ultimate concrete compressive strain is needed.
Conclusion
The present ACI 318 Code has inconsistencies if a slab or

beam design is attempted between net tensile strains of 0.004
and 0.005 due to the reduction in design strength resulting
from the reduced strength reduction factor. Investigations
directed toward correcting this inconsistency have identified a
number of ancillary issues dealing with high-strength concrete
and reinforcement. Task groups within ACI Committee 318
are charged with examining the use of high-strength reinforce-
ment, the associated range of issues discussed, and developing

a comprehensive approach to provide a consistent unified
design approach.
Acknowledgments
Several members of ACI 318 and external reviewers provided valuable
comments to this paper. Their input is greatly appreciated.
References
1. Mast, R.F., Unified Design Provisions for Reinforced and Prestressed
Concrete Flexural members and Compression Members, ACI Structural
Journal, V. 89, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1992, pp. 186-199.
Concrete (318-99) and Commentary (318R-99), American Concrete
Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 391 pp.
6. Mast, R.F.; Dawood, M.; Rizkalla, S.H.; and Zia, P., Flexural
Strength Design of Concrete Beams Reinforced with High-Strength Steel
Bars, ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2008, pp. 570-577.
7. ACI ITG-6R-10, Design Guide for the Use of ASTM
A1035/1035M Grade 100 (690) Steel Bars for Structural Concrete,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2010, 90 pp.
8. NIST GCR 14-917-30, Use of High-Strength Reinforcement in
Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Structures, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD,
Mar. 2014, 231 pp.
9. Bae, S., and Bayrak, O., Examination of Stress Block Parameters for High-Strength Concrete in the Context of the ACI 318 Code,
Reinforced Concrete Columns with High Strength Concrete and Steel
Reinforcement, SP-293, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
MI, 2013 pp. 59-77.
10. Structural Concrete, Textbook on Behavior, Design, and Performance, Vol. 2: Basis of Design, second edition, fib, Lausanne, Switzerland,
2010, pp. 145-150.
ACI Honorary Member Charles W. Dolan

is the H.T. Person Chair of Engineering,
Emeritus, at the University of Wyoming,
Laramie, WY. A member of ACI Committee
318, Structural Concrete Building Code,
he is a licensed professional engineer
in multiple states. Dolan received his BS
from the University of Massachusetts,
Boston, MA, in 1965, and his MS and PhD
from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in 1967 and 1985, respectively.
39
2015 PCI Sidney Freedman

Craftsmanship Awards
Winners selected during PCI Committee Days in May 2015
he Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI)

announced the winners of the fourth annual Sidney
Freedman Craftsmanship Awards competition. The
program is designed to recognize PCI-certified plants for
excellence in manufacturing and craftsmanship of architectural
precast concrete and glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC)
structures and elements. Merit can be defined by unique,
special, difficult formwork or unusual products, finishes, or
applications. Entries include written explanations of production
challenges and photographs of forms, reinforcement, hardware,
and completed precast concrete or GFRC units. Judging is
based on demonstrated success in overcoming obstacles to
production, solving formwork or finishing challenges, and
providing high-quality finished products.
Overall Winner: Gate Precast Company
been honored for its sustainable design. In March 2014, the

British Consulate-General, Florida and UK Trade and
Investment honored the museum with a Britweek Business
Innovation Award for Innovation in Sustainability.
The precast cladding on the West Bar building comprises
95 panels featuring 16 different geodesic shapes combined in
various configurations. Few of the panels are the same, so the
challenge for Gate Precast was to develop molds to ensure
viable, production-friendly manufacture. Gates personnel
made a master of each of the 16 geodesic shapes and used
the masters to produce the needed quantities of reusable
polyurethane rubber negatives (plugs) of the shapes for use
in the panel molds.
The different geodesic shapes were arranged as necessary
to create the unique individual panels.
The Patricia and Phillip Frost Museum of Science
Gate Precast Company, Kissimmee, FL, was the winner of

the 2015 Sidney Freedman Craftsmanship Award for its
production of architectural precast concrete components for
the Patricia and Phillip Frost Museum of Science, currently
under construction in Miami, FL. The components include
cladding panels for the museums West Bar building and
dome segments for the museums full-sphere planetarium.
Designed by the London-based architectural firm of Grimshaw
Architects, the 250,000 ft2 (23,200 m2) facility will include a
planetarium, aquarium, and both indoor and outdoor flexible
spaces for science exhibits and educational facilities.
The museum has been designed as a living building,
capable of physically and visibly changing in response to the
environment and events. High-performance ventilation and air
conditioning systems will be fine-tuned to provide superior
interior comfort yet have low energy demand. A vegetated
roof and a wetland constructed adjacent to the building will
help to control stormwater runoff and enhance site biodiversity.
Even though it is not yet complete, the building has already
40
Architectural precast concrete forms the dome of the spherical

planetarium (left) and the cladding of the West Bar building of the
Patricia and Phillip Frost Museum of Science
(a)
(b)
The West Bar building required 95 precast concrete cladding panels: (a) the panel formwork was fabricated using polyurethane plugs that
were butted against dividers between individual geodesic shapes; and (b) a cladding panel is moved into position on the building
Workers place anchor plates for a cap piece for the planetarium dome
(a)
The planetarium dome cap pieces were fabricated using a counterweighted back-form. Concrete was placed sequentially at the opening
at the upper perimeter of the form. Successive lifts were required
to ensure complete filling and consolidation beneath the back-form
(b)
Fabrication and shipping of the peel pieces required custom formwork and transport frames: (a) a completed peel segment is lifted from the
form; and (b) a segment has been installed on a special transport frame, ready for delivery to the jobsite
41
The cap pieces were supported by a custom shoring tower that remained in place until all of
the peel pieces were in place
The upper half of the museums

spherical planetarium was created using
architectural precast segments connected
to two cap pieces. Together, the cap
pieces make a 30 ft (9 m) diameter
keystone. The mold for the cap had no
square edges, requiring the fabrication and
the quality assurance teams to use a laser
total station for layout and verification.
Fabrication of each cap piece
required 17 yd3 (13 m3) of architectural
concrete that had to be placed in a
nontraditional method by placing
concrete successively around the outer
perimeter of the mold once the backform was in place.
In addition to the two cap pieces,
the upper half of the planetarium
dome comprises 32 peel pieces.
Each piece has a 51 ft (15.5 m) arc
length and tapers from a maximum
width of 9 ft (2.7 m) to a minimum
width of 3 ft (0.9 m).
This new guide provides guidance and assistance to professionals

engaged in the repair of concrete buildings. The guide has been
developed to serve as an invaluable companion to ACI 562-13.
The new guide is separated into two main components: chapter guides
that follow the organization of ACI 562, broken down by the corresponding
sections and project examples that illustrate the use of the code for real
world projects from inception through completion.
These two components work together to provide additional information
on how to apply the performance requirements in ACI 562 and how the
requirements may be applied to a broad range of projects. Published
jointly by ACI and ICRI.
Order Code: MAN56213.CI

2015, approximately 140 pp.
$120.50 (ACI members $72.00)
Order at www.concrete.org or call us at +1.248.848.3800

42
The cap and the peel pieces (and their molds) were
modeled using three-dimensional (3-D) modeling software,
revealing issues that would not have been seen in more
conventional drawings. For example, the model showed that
the mold side rails for the peel pieces required a slight twist as
the rail advanced from the bottom of the piece toward the
narrow top. Templates were fabricated to check the rails for
proper twist every few feet along the arc length. The model
also served as a design aid for the special frames that had to
be fabricated and mounted on trucks for transportation of the
pieces from the plant to the jobsite.
Honorable Mention: Gate Precast Company

The South Tower of the Cook Childrens
Medical Center
The Cook Childrens Medical Center campus, Fort Worth, TX,

currently has multiple interconnected masonry buildings with
natural limestone, cast stone, and glazed brick faades. During
the planning for the facilitys new South Tower, the owner and
architect agreed that the new building had to replicate the look of
the existing buildings while providing a more thermally efficient
building envelope. Gate Precast Company was selected as a
design assist partner, and responded by providing insulated
architectural precast panels that match the color palette and texture
of the existing campus building finishes and meet ASHRAE 90.1
building code requirements for thermal efficiency.
Panel finishes were achieved using a precast concrete mixture
that replicates the limestoneeven including veining and mottling
consistent with this natural stone. On the same panels, thin-set
brick was embedded in the face of precast concrete matching the
finish of the full-depth brick used in the existing buildings (the
thin brick was manufactured by the same supplier of the
full-depth brick). The precast concrete panels also incorporate
continuous 3 in. (75 mm) extruded polystyrene insulation.
Incorporating multiple elements into a finished exterior
wall system with edge-to-edge continuous insulation allowed
the building to be enclosed faster, minimized long-term
maintenance, and eliminated the site congestion typically
associated with limestone, cast stone, and full bed depth brick.
The project consists of 667 individual architectural precast
panels, totaling about 74,000 ft2 (6880 m2). Panels were up to
15 ft (4.5 m) wide and 43 ft (13 m) tall. The panel thicknesses
were also varied as needed to match the massive profiles on the
existing buildings. Some panels were up to 19 in. (480 mm) thick
in some areas but only 4 in. (100 mm) thick in others.
Almost 50 molds were used, including one master mold that
was used to cast panels needed in six different areas of the
building. To satisfy the architects desire to limit vertical joints
at highly visible building corners, the corner panels include
90 degree returns as long as 5 ft (1.5 m). This is far greater than
typical return lengths used by the precast industry but common
on Gate Precast projects. Several special two-part hanging forms
had to be built to overcome this design challenge. Production
required casting and curing of one leg, rotating it to the vertical,
and casting the second leg.
A worker paints the mold to create a dark panel of simulated

limestone for the South Tower of the Cook Childrens Medical
Center. The first leg of a corner panel (in the background) will be
rotated to the vertical and the second leg will be cast
A corner panel of the South Tower of the Cook Childrens

Medical Center is moved into position on the building frame
43
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Eva.Korzeniewski@concrete.org
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44
Topics
ACI 318-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete
ACI/PCA 318-11 Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete
ACI/PCA Simplified Design of Concrete Buildings of
Moderate Size and Height
Anchorage to Concrete
Basics of Concrete Materials and Testing
Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety-Related
Concrete Structures
Concrete Repair Basics
Construction of Concrete Slabs-on-Ground
Design of Concrete Slabs-on-Ground
Environmental Engineering ConcreteDesign and Details
Physical TesterBasics of Cement Testing
Portland Cement Concrete Overlays: State of the Technology
Reinforced Concrete Design
Repair of Concrete Bridges, Parking Decks, and Other
Transportation Structures
Repair of Concrete Workshop
Seismic and Wind Design Considerations for
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Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures
Troubleshooting Concrete Construction
Troubleshooting Concrete Floor Problems
Troubleshooting Concrete Forming and Shoring
For more information regarding available Custom

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Precast Concrete Corbels

for Insulated Wall Panels
Proposed system minimizes thermal bridging at wall connections
by Mohamed Elkady, Maher K. Tadros, Mark Lafferty, George Morcous, and Doug Gremel
ecause of their architectural versatility and energy

efficiency, precast concrete insulated wall panels are
increasingly being specified on building projects.
A common insulated wall system comprises 10 in. (250 mm)
thick, 3-4-3 composite panels. In this case, the 3-4-3 designation
indicates the thicknesses (in inches) of the exterior concrete
wythe, insulation layer, and interior concrete wythe, respectively. Extruded polystyrene (XPS), expanded polystyrene
(EPS), or polyisocyanurate (generally classified as polyurethane,
or PU) boards are normally used as the insulation material.
Energy-efficient panels are fabricated with fiber composite
polymer connectors passing through the insulation layer. If
the connectors also have high shear stiffness and capacity, an
insulated 3-4-3 panel will have the structural capacity of a
10 in. solid panel. Insulated panels can thus provide a weight
savings of 40% over solid panels, and an insulation rating of
nearly R-21 (thermal resistance of 21 hft2F/Btu or 3.7 m2K/W).
Because these panels are also air and moisture barriers and
can provide both the exterior and interior finishes for a
buildingall in one productthey are very competitive with
alternative cladding systems.
Wall panels often require corbels to support roof and floor
joists. Because corbels are very short cantilevers, they are
subject to special loading and design criteria as given by
Chapter 16 of the ACI 318-14 Building Code1 and Section 5.9.4
of the seventh edition of the PCI Design Handbook.2 The
shear-flexure and shear-friction approaches are used to ensure
that reinforcement crosses the nearly vertical cracks that are
expected to develop at the interface between the corbel and
the wall as the load approaches the corbels ultimate capacity.
For insulated wall panels, a common practice is to connect
the two concrete wythes with a solid concrete block through
the insulation at the corbel location (Fig. 1(a)). As discussed
in Section 11.1.6 of the PCI Design Handbook, however, the
resulting thermal bridge significantly reduces the energy
Current Corbel Connections
Ci
Fig. 1: Current practice for corbel connections: (a) corbel with solid
block; (b) corbel with local thickening of interior wythe; and (c) corbel
in noncomposite panel with thick interior wythe
Design calculations are provided in an appendix,

available with the online version of this article
efficiency of the wall panel. For example, the handbook

provides an example showing that the thermal resistance of a
wall panel with a solid zone comprising 9% of the total panel
surface area can be reduced by as much as 42%. An insulation
penetration can also result in increased vapor transmission
through the wall and/or condensation on the exposed surfaces.
Depending on the climate and building use, the accumulation
of moisture on the surfaces can lead to degradation of indoor
air quality or the appearance of the panel. These effects are the
main reasons for the research summarized in this article: an
evaluation of the structural capacity of an insulated wall panel
corbel system with minimal thermal bridging. This article
describes the design and testing of a corbel that has been
developed incrementally through a focused testing program.
Design calculations are provided in an appendix, available
with the online version of this article.
Figure 1 shows typical corbel connection details currently
used with insulated concrete wall panels. For composite
panels, which typically have relatively thin exterior and
interior wythes, it is generally not possible in current practice
to limit the steel reinforcement in the corbel to the interior
wythe only. Thus, a solid block is created at the corbel by
Interior
wythe
Corbel
(a)
Corbel
(b)
Typical wythe
thickness
Corbel
(c)
45
cutting an opening (typically, 2 x 3 ft [0.6 x 0.9 m]) in the

insulation layer (Fig. 1(a)).
To minimize thermal bridging, some designers opt to
reduce the insulation thickness to allow extra interior wythe
thickness to house the corbel reinforcement (Fig. 1(b));
however, overcoming the associated detailing and fabrication
issues can be time-consuming, and the detail will reduce the
thermal efficiency of the panel. Noncomposite wall panels,
which generally have load-bearing interior wythes that are at
least 6 in. (150 mm) thick, can be constructed with no thermal
bridging at corbels (Fig. 1(c)). However, this type of panel
also requires significantly more materials and is significantly
heavier than a composite insulated panel.
Research Objective
The objective of this research program was to develop

corbel details for precast concrete insulated walls that:
Minimize thermal bridging by eliminating the need for
solid concrete penetrations or local reductions in thickness
of insulation; and
Ease panel fabrication by allowing producers to precast
and pre-insert corbels in wall panel forms prior to placement of panel concrete.
Loads and Materials
The proposed corbel design is suitable for support of 12 ft

(3.6 m) wide double tees spanning 60 ft (18 m), with selfweight of 85 lb/ft2 (4.1 kN/m2), superimposed dead load of
15 lb/ft2 (0.7 kN/m2), and live load of 50 lb/ft2 (2.4 kN/m2).3
For creep analysis, 25% of the live load is assumed to be
sustained. The resulting reactions are:
Double-tee weight (D) = (856012)/4/1000 = 15.30 kip
(68 kN);
Superimposed dead load (SIDL) = (156012)/4/1000 =
2.70 kip (12 kN);
Live load (LL) = (506012)/4/1000 = 9.00 kip (40 kN);
Factored load = 1.2(D + SIDL) + 1.6L = 36.00 kip
(160 kN);
Service load = D + SIDL + L = 27.00 kip (120 kN); and
Sustained load = D + SIDL + 0.25L= 20.25 kip (90 kN).
The materials in the test corbels had the following properties
and design parameters:
Self-consolidating concrete, with specified strength of
8000 psi (55 MPa);
Grade 60 bars per ASTM A615/A615M, with yield
strength of 60,000 psi (414 MPa);
Grade 60 bars per ASTM A706/A706M, with yield
strength of 60,000 psi (414 MPa) for welded bars;
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) plate, with tensile
strength of 4600 psi (30 MPa) per ASTM D638 and Shore D
hardness of 69 per ASTM D2240; and
No. 3 (3/8 in. [10 mm] diameter) glass fiber-reinforced
polymer (GFRP) bars with tensile strength of 110,000 psi
(760 MPa) and modulus of elasticity of 6500 ksi
(44,800 MPa).
46
In conventional corbel design, the reinforcement quantity

is determined using the strength limit state, while the reinforcement details are developed based on experimental
results. However, due to the low stiffness of the GFRP bars
and the HDPE plates, which are the primary tension and
compression elements between the two wythes at the corbel,
respectively, it is important to ensure that proposed corbel
details have acceptable deformation under service loads.
Therefore analyses are required for both service and strength
limit states. The design must also include consideration of the
effects of sustained loading and environmental effects on the
long-term strength of GFRP bars, as well as the effect of the
low ductility of GFRP bars on the safety of the assembly. Thus,
ACI 440.1R4 recommendations are used for the design of the
GFRP bars in the corbel assembly, with the following factors
applied to the GFRP bar manufacturers published strength:
A creep rupture factor of 0.2 is applied to account for
sustained load effects;
An environmental factor of 0.7 is applied to account for the
effects of an exterior environment. Although this factor is
appropriate for bars in severe environments such as in
bridge decks, it is conservatively used here until further
research justifies its removal; and
A strength reduction factor, , of 0.55.
Structural Behavior and Analysis Methods
Corbels are short cantilevers. If the span is very short, the

shear-friction approach is appropriate. If the span is between
50 and 100% of the depth, the shear-flexure approach is
appropriate. If the span is longer than 100% of the depth,
diagonal tension cracking is expected to develop and conventional shallow beam design approaches can be used. Section
5.9.4 of the PCI Design Handbook includes detailed examples
for strength design of corbels, with both approaches checked
and the larger amount of steel used. The Handbook also shows
how the strut-and-tie method of strength analysis of disturbed
regions can be used to determine the reinforcement required
to meet strength demands. However, none of the three
methods directly deals with deflection and crack control. They
are indirectly incorporated through recommended details that
have been subjected to experimental verification. Note that the
main flexural reinforcement currently used is steel. It has a
much higher modulus of elasticity than the GFRP bars
proposed in this study.
To develop corbel details incorporating GFRP tension
ties, Elkady5 built on information that has been used successfully for many years. In addition, he developed analysis
methods for crack control under service loads as well as for
evaluating creep of the GRFP bars under sustained loads.
Also, he used finite element analysis (FEA) modeling to
evaluate deformation and cracking at incrementally increasing
loads. The following sections describe the corbel detailing
that was developed after extensive analysis and numerous
trials, which are not described here for brevity. More details
are available in Elkady5 and in Morcous and Tawardrous.6
a low-conductivity material of adequate

strength and stiffness must be used to
replace the insulation board in the
anticipated compression block area. The
product should have a modulus of
elasticity comparable to that of the
fiberglass bar material and absorption
10 in.
4 in.
1 ft 2 in.
10 in.
1 ft 6 in.
4 in.
1 ft 2 in.
8-3/4 in.
Roughen
surface
(a)
(b)
(a)
Fig. 2: Precast corbel dimensions:
(a) side view (corbel is detailed to have 8(b)
in. net projection
from interior wythe of finished wall panel); and (b) front view (Note: 1 ft = 0.3 m; 1 in. = 25 mm)
in.
1 ft 4 in.
3/8
(a)
7-5/8 in.
/4
-1 3
3 ft 7-1/4 in.
1 ft 7 in.
in.
3/8 in.
R 1-
3/4
in.
(b)
(a)
Fig. 3: Dimensions of GFRP bars used in test corbels: (a) NU-Tie used in(b)
Type A corbels; and
(b) U-bar used in Type B corbels. NU-Ties were used as insulated panel connectors in all test
panels. Note that the inside bend radius of the No. 3 (3/8 in. or 10 mm) GFRP U-bars used in
this study was 1-3/4 in. (44 mm). While a larger radius would reduce the stress concentration
at the bend, it would also occupy more space than available in the connection (Note: 1 ft =
0.3 m; 1 in. = 25 mm)
1/4 in.
1 ft 3-3/4 in.
(1) No. 3
closed stirrup
(2) No. 5
3 ft 5 in.
(1) No. 3
in.
HDPE board
(4) 1x4x18 in.
(2) No. 4 bars

welded to plate
PL 3/8x3x17 in.
(6) No. 3
GFRP U-Bars
10 in.
in.
Embed
PL 3/8x3x17 in.
with 2 No. 4 bars
n.
3/4
3/4 in.
/2 i
R 1-
(1) No. 3
3 ft 10 in.
R1
1 ft 4 in.
1 ft 4 in.
9-3/4 in.
3i
n
4i .
n
3i .
n.
(3) No. 4
3 ft 10 in.
/4
R3
Figure 2 shows the dimensions of the

corbel developed after a number of
trials. The corbel was designed to be
prefabricated and suspended while the
top wythe concrete is placed around and
beneath it. The design was also based on
an assumption that each wythe of the
wall panel has a thickness of at least 3 in.
(75 mm). The ultimate production goal
is to have the corbel, along with the
extra reinforcement associated with it,
pre-assembled ahead of the wall
production and suspended from the
forms before wall concrete is placed. In
this way, valuable casting-bed time is
preserved as much as possible.
To ensure ductility, a relatively large
corbel width of 18 in. (450 mm) was
selected to allow meshing of the corbel
reinforcement with added panel
reinforcing in the vicinity of the corbel.
The corbel height (10 in. [250 mm] plus
a taper of 4 in. [100 mm]) was found to
satisfy the maximum reinforcement
limits of the ACI Code. To ensure
interaction between the separately cast
concrete components, the corbel was
detailed to be embedded at a depth of
3/4 in. (20 mm) into the interior (top,
as-cast) wythe. As would be required in
any precast corbels, all test corbels were
fabricated with the surface in contact
with the concrete wythe deliberately
roughened to a 1/4 in. (6 mm) amplitude
before the concrete fully set.
During the development of the corbel
described in this article, a variety of
details and options were analyzed and
tested. One type, Type A, used GFRP
NU-Tie bars (Fig. 3) as the main
reinforcement connecting the corbel to
the wall. A second type, Type B, used
GFRP U-bars for main flexural reinforcement (Fig. 3). While tests verified
that both types achieved the required
performance goals (References 5 and 6),
only the latest version of the Type B
system, Type B2M, is covered in detail
in this paper (Fig. 4 and 5).
8 in.
Details of Proposed Corbel
Flexure is transmitted by tension in

the flexural reinforcement and compression block at the bottom of the corbel
(Fig. 4). The insulation has a limited
compression capacity and a very small
stiffness. Thus, to ensure acceptable
deformation and strength of the assembly,
7-5/8 in.
An example analysis of the proposed

corbel is provided in an appendix that
is available with the online version of
this article.
1 ft 2 in.
Fig. 4: Proposed corbel Type B2M. The welded plate embed and the No. 3 closed stirrup tie
the corbel to the interior wythe of the wall panel. The six No. 3 GFRP U-bars tie the corbel to
the exterior wythe and provide tensile resistance for the corbel. Unless noted otherwise, steel
bars are Grade 60 per ASTM A615/A615M. Welded bars to the 3/8 in. thick plate are Grade
60 per ASTM A706/A706M (Note: 1 ft = 0.3 m; 1 in. = 25 mm)
47
(a)
(b)
Fig. 5: Isometric views of corbel Type B2M: (a) as assembled in a wall panel,
with the GFRP and steel bars embedded in the precast concrete corbel; and
(b) an exploded view of the components
48
Loading frame
Reaction wall
Hydraulic ram
and load cell
Tie-back frame
8 ft 0 in.
and fire resistance properties comparable to those of the

insulation. For the Type B2M detail, a 4 x 4 x 18 in. (102 x
102 x 457 mm) HDPE strip was used to transfer the compressive
force at the base of the corbel. This material, commonly used
by precasters for fabrication of formwork, is sold under many
trade names (for example, CORRTEC-HITEC HDPE).
In the Type B2M corbel, the applied corbel force is resisted
by a combination of elements. Mechanical interlock is
provided by roughening of the face of the corbel and embedding
that face 3/4 in. (20 mm) into the interior concrete wythe.
GFRP U-bars, which connect the corbel through the insulation
to the exterior wythe, provide the tensile tie for the corbel. In
addition, three steel stirrups are anchored in the interior wythe
and contribute additional tensile resistance for shear friction
and beam-shear crack control. The top two stirrups are welded
to an anchorage plate located at the face of the insulation
(Fig. 4). The plate anchor was implemented because a typical
stirrup with 90 degree bends would not be practical within the
3 in. (75 mm) thickness of the interial wythe. The plate
provides an additional advantage, as it rests on the insulation
board during panel fabrication.
Four horizontal No. 3 bars, each 46 in. (1170 mm) long,
are also included in the corbel design. A No. 3 bar extending
through the GFRP bar hooks in the exterior wythe helps
anchor the GFRP U-bars. The three No. 3 bars in the interior
wythe, together with two vertical No. 5 bars, each 41 in.
(1040 mm) long, help increase the size of the concrete
break-out zone and distribute cracking as the load approaches
the ultimate capacity of the system. The efficacy of these bars
was established with the aid of finite element analyses and
experimental trials (per References 5 and 6).
Although analyses showed that four No. 3 GFRP bars
would be adequate for providing the tension tie for flexural
strength purposes, an additional two No. 3 bars were used to
Precast corbel
Test panel
6 ft 0 in.
Fig. 6: Schematic of test apparatus used to apply vertical load to

corbels installed in 3-4-3 insulated concrete test panels (Note: 1 ft =
0.3 m; 1 in. = 25 mm)
allow the design to meet the requirements of ACI 440.1R for

creep rupture. Having the vertical No. 5 bars tightly placed
against the corners of the stirrups further enhances the
stiffness of the connection in tension.
Experimental Investigation
Eleven full-scale tests were undertaken, including tests of

Type A corbels, which incorporated GFRP NU-Ties. Type B
corbels, described in detail herein, use GFRP U-bars to provide
a tensile tie from the top of the corbel to the exterior wythe of
the wall. The testing was done incrementally, with improvements introduced as information was gathered from preceding
tests. Both connection types produced acceptable results, but
in the interest of brevity, only the final three full-scale specimens,
denoted Type B2M, are described in this article.
Test specimens were 6 ft (1.8 m) wide, 8 ft (2.4 m) tall,

3-4-3 insulated precast concrete panels with GFRP NU-ties
connecting the two 3 in. (75 mm) concrete wythes through
a 4 in. (100 mm) layer of XPS insulation. Each specimen
was fabricated with a precast concrete Type B2M corbel
installed at the panel centerline. After the concrete reached
the design strength, a panel was erected against a reaction
wall for lateral support (Fig. 6). A hydraulic ram was used to
apply a vertical load on the corbel. The vertical force and
overturning moment induced in the test panel were resisted
by reactions at the base and a tie-back to the reaction wall
near the top of the panel. A potentiometer was attached to the

edge of the corbel to monitor deflection.
Cracking of Type B2M specimens was first observed at a
load of about 30 kip (133 kN). The hairline crack was nearly
horizontal at the top edge of the corbel (Fig. 7(a)). As the load
increased, cracks propagated in a 45-degree direction (Fig. 7(b)).
The three B2M specimens reached peak loads of 93.1 kip
(414 kN), 96.6 kip (430 kN), and 100.6 kip (448 kN),
accompanied by concrete crushing in the interior wythe
below the corbel (Fig. 7(c)). No sudden failure or separation
of the corbel was observed in any of the three tests. Cracks
developed near failure on both the
front and back wythes of the wall,
indicating engagement of both wythes
in resisting corbel loading. Even near
failure, cracking was gradual and
controlled, and not excessive after the
corbel reached the maximum load.
Cracks were observed on both the front
(Fig. 7(c)) and back (Fig. 7(d)) faces of
the panel, indicating the efficiency of
(a)
(b)
the proposed details in transmitting the
corbel load to both concrete wythes.
After failure, the corbel could not be
removed from the panel, indicating that
the bars were still securely anchored to
the wall and that failure was due to
excessive deformation followed by
concrete crushing.
Figure 8 shows the load-deflection
behaviors for the three specimens as
well as the design and service loads for
the corbel. The plots indicate good
(c)
(d)
consistency between all three Type
Fig. 7: Observed cracking in a Type B2M specimen: (a) at a loading of 30 kip (133 kN); (b) at a
B2M specimens and demonstrate that
loading of 40 kip (178 kN); (c) after failureinterior wythe; and (d) after failureexterior wythe
the required capacity was significantly
lower than the observed capacity.
Conclusions and Recommendations
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
Load, lb
60,000
50,000
40,000
Factored load = 36,000 lb
30,000
Service load = 27,000 lb
20,000
Sustained load =20,250 lb
10,000
0
0.00
Through analysis, fabrication, and testing, the proposed

insulated wall panel corbel details have been shown to:
Eliminate thermal bridging that is normally caused by steel
bars and concrete blocks interrupting the insulation;
Be suitable for incorporation into a precast production
process whereby the corbel and the associated reinforcement are prefabricated ahead of the panel production; and
Provide structural performance satisfactory for supporting
typical double tee floor and roof spans.
Three methods of analysis were used to investigate the
behavior of this innovative type of corbel: the traditional
shear-friction, shear-flexure approach; the strut-and-tie
method; and the FEA method. While the FEA method gave
an indication of crack development with increasing load, it is
admittedly difficult to use for daily design practice. While the
strut-and-tie method was acceptable for determining the
0.10
0.20
0.30
Corbel deflection, in.
0.40
Fig. 8: Load-deflection relationships for the three Type B2M

specimens (Note: 1 lbf = 0.004 kN; 1 in. = 25 mm)
0.50
49
corbel capacity, it did not provide adequate guidance relative

to crack control detailing. It is therefore recommended that
the traditional corbel design methods provided in the
ACI 318 Code and the PCI Design Handbook be used in
conjunction with additional calculations for creep rupture
analysis as recommended by ACI 440.1R. The proposed
stirrups showed satisfactory behavior. Despite the fact that
much lower amounts of reinforcement are indicated by the
referenced standards (refer to the appendix to this article
available with the online version), the detailed shear
reinforcement should be used until further research justifies
smaller quantities.
Acknowledgments and Disclaimer

The experimental work reported in this paper was conducted at the
University of Nebraska Structures Laboratory. M. Elkady conducted
the majority of the research work as part of his MS degree under the
supervision of M. Tadros and G. Morcous. Other graduate students, in
particular R. Tawadrous, provided significant assistance during
testing. Elkady received financial support for graduate school from
e.construct, structural engineering consultancy, in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates, and in Omaha, NE. The research was additionally funded
by the partner companies of THiN-Wall: Concrete Industries,
Lincoln, NE; Hughes Brothers, Seward, NE; and Tadros Associates,
Omaha, NE. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the
individual authors. The conclusions and recommendations are
intended for corbels in composite insulated wall panels, regardless
of the type of connector used to create composite action in the wall
panel itself.
Mohamed Elkady is a Senior Engineer

with e.construct.ae, Dubai, UAE. He
received his BS in structural engineering
from Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt,
in 2002 and his masters degree in civil
engineering from the University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, in 2013. He is a
licensed professional engineer in
Nebraska.
Maher K. Tadros, FACI, is Principal at
e.construct.USA, LLC, Omaha, NE. He is
a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committees
343, Concrete Bridge Design, and 423,
Prestressed Concrete, as well as ACI
Committee 546, Repair of Concrete. He
received his PhD in structural engineering
from the University of Calgary, Calgary,
AB, Canada, in 1975. He is a licensed
professional engineer in Nebraska and
several other states.
ACI member Mark Lafferty is General
Manager, Concrete Industries, Inc.,
Lincoln, NE. He is a licensed professional
engineer in Nebraska.
References
Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14), American
Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.
2. PCI Handbook Committee, PCI Design Handbook: Precast and
Prestressed Concrete, seventh edition, Precast/Prestressed Concrete
Institute, Chicago, IL, 2010, 804 pp.
3. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
(ASCE/SEI 7-10), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA,
2013, 636 pp.
4. ACI Committee 440, Guide for the Design and Construction of
Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
Bars (ACI 440.1R-15), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
MI, 2015, 83 pp.
5. Elkady, M., Precast Concrete Insulated Wall Panel Corbels
without Thermal Bridging, MS thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln,
Lincoln, NE, 2013.
6. Morcous G., and Tawadrous, R., Testing of THiN Wall Corbels,
final report, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, June 2015,
56 pp.
Note: Additional information on the ASTM standards discussed in this
article can be found at www.astm.org.
50
ACI member George Morcous is an

Associate Professor, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. He is a member of
ACI Committees 237, Self-Consolidating
Concrete; 345, Concrete Bridge
Construction, Maintenance, and Repair;
and 347, Formwork for Concrete. He
received his PhD in civil engineering from
Concordia University, Montreal, QC,
Canada. He is a licensed professional
engineer in Nebraska.
ACI member Doug Gremel is Manager,
ASLAN Division, Hughes Brothers,
Seward, NE. He is a member of ACI
Committee 440, Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer Reinforcement. He received his
BS in engineering science, electrical
engineering, and business administration
from Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO, in 1984.
Products&PracticeSpotlight
A Highly Automated
Precast Panel Plant
Facility is expected to provide more consistent, higher-quality products
olin Concrete Products, a 118-year-old mainstay in

the prestressed concrete industry of the upper
Midwest United States, is nearing completion on a
state-of-the-art, automated wall panel production operation
located in Ramsey, MN. The Precast/Prestressed Concrete
Institute (PCI) certified plant will have a production capacity
of 1.5 million ft2 (139,000 m2) per year, producing precast
concrete architectural cladding, insulated concrete wall panels,
and solid structural panels. A grand opening celebration was
scheduled to be held on September 24, 2015.
The new Molin plant will be completely outfitted in just
8 months, a process that usually takes several years.
A moving assembly line, whereby a product is assembled
as it continuously moves along an in-factory production
circuit, isnt new to manufacturing. But, its seldom used in
the production of precast concrete components in the United
States. In fact, although the system is somewhat common in
Europe, only two other U.S. precast plants currently have
similar automated carousel operations in place.
Why not? The automated carousel production system,
according to John Saccoman, Vice President, Molin, is very
capital intensive. Traditionally, precast concrete panels are
formed on long-line, nonmoving flat tables where concrete is
delivered by either a truck or a bucket. All you need is a large
space, a form, many laborers, and a mixer truck to pour. In our
new system, we bring the form to a pouring area and panels
are cured in a steam chamber.
The carousel system requires a lot of equipment. Conveyors
move the panels about to the concrete spreader, the curing
chamber, and to the tilt table for form stripping, he said.
An Automated Production Process
Its a marvel of automation. Conveyors form a continuous

cycle where wall panel molds are automatically moved from
one production station to another with each station performing
a specific process. Control comes from a central master
controller and production data are transmitted directly to the
automated machines. Materials, such as steel reinforcement
A single employee controls the concrete bucket using an

automated belt pack. In a traditional plant, this is a very
labor-intensive process requiring an entire crew to complete
for panels, are supplied directly to appropriate stations.

Computerized quality control is available at each station.
For Molin, the result is faster production and less required
labor. Its estimated that the new plant will operate with as
little as one-third of the labor required in traditional precast
concrete plants. For building designers, contractors, and
owners, that means higher-quality, more consistent products,
and faster product availability.
A typical precast production plant of this capacity,
Saccoman explained, would require 48 workers. Our new
plant will need just 14 to 18 workers.
The automated plant also requires far less factory space.
The capacity of the new Molin plant will be 8000 ft2 (740 m2)
of precast panels per day. The main plant floor measures just
80 x 350 ft (24 x 104 m), excluding the batch plant and storage
areas. To have the same production capacity, a traditional
precast plant would require four beds measuring 12 x 200 ft
(3.6 x 61 m).
The new Molin plant has the feel of one of the ultra-automated
Mercedes Benz plants in Stuttgart, Germany. The carousel
wall panel line used by Molin is, in fact, manufactured by
Weckenman, also a German firm. Precast concrete wall panels
are formed, given shape, placed, cured, and finished in a
continuous production line nearly untouched by human hands.
Molin Concrete Products, www.molin.com
51
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Marketing Help for
ACI Chapters
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53
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54
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on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube to stay abreast
on whats happening at ACI headquarters.
SmartBrief: Concrete SmartBrief is a free daily e-mail
newsletter that provides the latest news, legislative updates,
and trends for the concrete industry.
Iraq Chapter ACI recycled a YouTube video posted by ACI on the

Iraq Chapter Facebook page
Central Ohio Chapter ACI recycled news posted from Concrete

SmartBrief to their website
Lebanon Chapter ACI recycled an ACI news story on their

Facebook page
55
Leadership Training
and Roundtables
Foster Professional Growth
for Chapter Officers
Next roundtable to be held in Denver, CO, at The Concrete Convention and Exposition
e are here to help, was the message from

ACI staff to officers from 14 ACI chapters
who gathered at ACI headquarters in
Farmington Hills, MI, for a Training and Roundtable session
on May 18-19, 2015. This day-and-a-half meeting provided an
opportunity to exchange ideas with other chapters and ACI
staff, update chapters on ACIs activities, and assist in the
development of chapter officers.
Officers from ACI chapters in Iraq and Northeast Mexico
joined officers from throughout the United States to share
information, network, and socialize.
After ACI Executive Vice President Ron Burg welcomed
everyone, ACI Vice President Michael Schneider discussed
ACIs strategic plan, focusing on strengthening the two-way
relationship between ACI and its chapters and helping to
advance chapter health and growth.
Staff Resources Allocated to Assist

Chapter Engagement
A key aspect of the strategic plan called for appointing a

strong staff to lead the Chapter Activities Department. John K.
Conn was promoted as the Institutes new Director of Chapter
Activities. Conn will set the strategic direction as it pertains to
the 101 domestic and international chapters and 93 student
chapters. Cheryce Haddad, Chapter Awards Coordinator, will
support the growth of ACI chapter awards and continue to
lead the ACI Excellence in Concrete Construction Awards as
the annual progressive awards program makes its debut on
November 9, 2015, in Denver, CO. Kanette Mwanjabala was
appointed as Chapter Services Coordinator and is responsible
for creating, coordinating, and implementing support programs
necessary to increase the effectiveness and productivity of
ACI chapters. Mwanjabala led the recent development of the
ACI Marketing Toolkit and brings experience in global
outreach to the Institute.
56
Cheryce Haddad, Certification and Chapter Activities Coordinator,

addressed the roundtable attendees
The chapter roundtable meeting provides networking opportunities
The American Concrete Institutes chapters are the face

of the Institute in communities and countries across the
globe, Burg said. These key staff appointments underscore
ACIs commitment to strengthening chapters by helping to
provide the resources to most effectively assemble regional
professionals and disseminate ACIs technical and educational information.
Conn presented an overview on the importance of chapters
to ACI, and new features available to chapters. Detailed
presentations on the Excellence Awards, ACI University, and
ACI Foundation Student Scholarships were well-received.
Subsequent breakout sessions on the topics of certification,
bylaws, educational programs, event planning, student
activities, and public relations were held.
The event also included a social outing to a Detroit Tigers
baseball game in downtown Detroit, MI, giving the attendees
a chance to unwind along with a better perspective of the
Metro Detroit culture and community.
The next Chapter Roundtable will take place during The
Concrete Convention and Exposition in Denver, CO, on
Wednesday, November 11, 2015, and will be led by Dave
Suchorski, Chair of the ACI Chapter Activities Committee,
and John Conn.
The Fall 2016 meeting will continue to be called the

Chapter Roundtable. Funding to attend the Chapter Leadership
Training and Chapter Roundtable is available to officers and
board members who meet certain criteria. To apply for
funding, contact cheryce.haddad@concerete.org.
Breakout session on how ACI can assist chapters with public relations
New Format to Debut in 2016
The format for the Spring 2016 meeting will be renamed

Chapter Leadership Training. It will emphasize small group
learning to help officers and board members focus on the
operational and financial health of their chapters. Instead of a
half-day/full-day format, ACI has decided that a full-day/
half-day schedule will make travel arrangements more
convenient for participants who will arrive on Sunday night
and depart on Tuesday afternoon.
The social event was a trip to a Detroit Tigers baseball game
Attendees and ACI staff at the Chapter Roundtable held at ACI headquarters
57
Site Tours: A Chapter

Membership Perk that Works
rranging a site tour for chapter members gets them out

of the traditional meeting venue, gives them a chance
to see the industry in action, and provides an opportunity to exchange ideas with colleagues.
ACI coordinates site tours during The Concrete Convention
and Exposition for those very reasons. The Concrete Convention Fall 2015 in Denver, CO, features two tours on Tuesday,
November 10. The tour of the Bureau of Reclamations
Material Engineering Research Laboratory (MERL) will give
participants a chance to witness a 3 ft (0.9 m) diameter by
6ft (1.8 m) high concrete cylinder break in a 5 million lb
(22million N) testing machine. The Bureau of Reclamations
research facility occupies 3-1/2 acres (1.4 ha) of the Denver
Federal Center just west of downtown Denver and is home to
the government laboratory specializing in concrete, rock
mechanics, polymers, coatings, and other materials.
The second tour will take place at the National Renewable
Energy Laboratorys Energy Systems Integration Facility near
the city of Boulder, CO. The facility was established in 2013
by the U.S. Department of Energy as the nations premier
center for research, development, and demonstration of the
components and strategies needed to optimize energy systems
in the United States.
Chapter officers looking for new ways to connect with
current members as well as attract new members should
consider the benefits of coordinating a site tour in their
communities. By partnering with local construction and/or
concrete companies, a site tour enables chapters to highlight
projects designed by local members. It is also a great way to
Site tour during the ACI convention in Washington, DC
58
introduce new attendees to your chapter and show student

members a side of the industry that they may want to pursue
as a career. Site tours also give participants new ideas about
how to run their organizations. A good way to get members
invested in a site tour is to request proposals for new tour
locations using an online submission form or via social media
tools like Facebook or Twitter.
Central Ohio Chapter ACI Site Tours
The Central Ohio Chapter ACI, for example, hosts

meetings that cover local construction projects of interest and
will often include site visits. Examples of projects that have
been toured include the Ohio State Stadium Renovation, State
Street Bridge, Maumee Bridge, State House Renovation, and
the Columbus Zoo Asia Quest and Polar Bear exhibits.
This past spring, the Central Ohio Chapter ACI invited
members, nonmembers, and students to participate in the Ohio
State University (OSU) North Residential District Dorm Tour
on the OSU Campus. There are currently eight new buildings
under construction as part of the North Residential District
project. Of the eight new buildings, seven are cast-in-place
Information sheet from the Central Ohio Chapter ACI on the Ohio
State University North Residential District Dorm Tour
concrete. The group tour began with a visit to a building in

the first phase of construction and another one that was nearly
finished. The structures consist of 9 in. (228 mm) flat slabs,
concrete columns, and concrete shear walls.
The buildings are clad with brick veneer that is supported
by the structure at the upper levels. The relief angles are
attached to the building using Fero brackets, which minimize
thermal losses. The foundations of the buildings vary, as the
subsurface conditions range from rock at the surface to
nothing but soil. Where the buildings do not bear directly on
the rock, rammed aggregate piers have been used to distribute
loads to the soil.
Attendees were given a short summary of the project
before the tour. Representatives from the contractor, structural
engineer, and the testing agency were present to answer
questions. Messer Construction and Anderson Concrete
helped to coordinate the site tour.
For additional information on the OSU campus project, visit
the project website at http://whatsgrowingon.osu.edu/northresidential-district-projects or Twitter @osunorthcampus.
types of concrete and exterior concrete is used in functional

and decorative ways to create a welcoming environment.
The Lange Family has a five-generation history in Californias Central Valley south of Sacramento, providing grapes to
Napa Valley winemakers for decades before starting their own
label several years ago. Long-term planning for the winery
involved getting the concrete infrastructure, power, and
permits in place for a 25-year expansion plan.
The Chapters Annual Meeting Dinner is staged between
the wine barrels, featuring great BBQ cooked by Chapter
Director Bob Saia, and with LangeTwins wine on each table.
Learn more about the chapters Construction Awards
program at www.aci-ncawnv.org.
Do you offer site tours for members during meetings or
conferences? If so, tell us about your upcoming site tours
for 2016 by e-mailing kanette.mwanjabala@concrete.org.
Northern California and Western Nevada

Chapter ACI Site Tours
The Northern California and Western Nevada Chapter

ACI have staged their annual meeting for the last 3 years at
the LangeTwins Family Winery in Acampo, CA. Each year,
Randy Lange, one of the real-life Lange Twins, provides a
personal tour of the winery facility that continues to evolve.
Guests climb up metal stairs to see the cluster of huge
stainless steel tanks, view the bottling operations, and learn
how future capacity will increase while keeping the quality
that makes LangeTwins wines award winners.
The winery was an award winner in the Unique Use of
Concrete category in the chapters Construction Awards
program 3 years ago. The tasting room uses seven different
Winery owner Randy Lange hosted the wine tasting and gave a tour
of the high-tech facility for the Northern California and Western
Nevada Chapter ACI
Facility tour guests receive a personal perspective on wine making

59
Chapter Award Guide is

Available Online
Resource helps event organizers promote domestic/international concrete projects
n awards program can benefit a chapter by increasing

the chapters exposure and standing within the local
construction community. It can also help build new
ties with other allied organizations.
The ACI Excellence in Concrete Construction Awards
program was founded on this premise, providing a platform to
recognize concrete projects at the forefront of innovation and
technology and showcasing these projects to inspire excellence in concrete design and construction around the world.
The Chapter Award Guide is a planning tool that will help
ACI Chapters run an awards program from start to finish.
Winning projects from the chapter awards programs can then be
submitted for consideration in the ACI Excellence Awards
event, which will be held annually in the fall during The ACI
Concrete Convention and Exposition.
The Chapter Award Guide includes simplified instruction on
forming a committee; establishing a timeline; setting up a budget;
selecting project categories, judges, and venues; and also
managing promotion and publicity. The Chapter Guide will
include samples of various tools such as award mockups and call
for entry forms. The expectation is that Chapter Officers and
Board Directors will be able to find new ideas that will help to
launch or improve new or existing awards programs.
The submission deadline for the 2016 ACI Excellence in
Concrete Construction Awards is February 15, 2016. Go to
www.concrete.org/aboutaci/honorsandawards/awards/
projectawards.aspx to download the call for entries information.
Upcoming Chapter Award Events
Ontario Chapter ACI will host the 2015 Concrete

Awards Banquet at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre on
December 2, 2015. This annual competition focuses on the
achievements of owners, designers, contractors, and suppliers
that have made concrete their construction material of choice.
Visit www.ontarioconcreteawards.ca for more information.
Southern California Chapter ACI will present the Charles
J. Pankow Concrete Awards to honor projects completed
60
between October 2014 and September 2015. Categories include

Excellence in Concrete Construction, Design and Engineering,
Innovative Use, Environmental Usage, Residential Construction, and Decorative Use. The Award Ceremony will be held in
November 2015. Visit www.acisocal.org for more information.
Northern California and Western Nevada Chapter ACI
will host their 2015 Construction Awards Banquet on
November 10 at the Four Points in Pleasanton, CA. Construction
award categories include Architectural, Structural, Construction,
Unique Use of Concrete, and Green/Environment. Cost is $40 for
dinner and presentation. Visit www.aci-ncawnv.org/Events for
more information.
Concrete Industry Board/New York Chapter ACI will
hold the 54th Annual Roger H. Corbetta Concrete Awards on
November 4, 2015, at Marina Del Rey in Throgs Neck, NY.
Visit www.cibofnyc.org for more information.
Quebec and Eastern Ontario Chapter ACI will host
the 2015 Progress in Concrete Awards Program on December
2-3, 2015, at Hotel Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, Canada. The
Chapter will present the ACI Acknowledgment Award and
the CAC Merit Award. Visit www.aciquebec.com for
more information.
For more information on the ACI Chapter Award Guide, visit:
www.concrete.org/chapters/chapterresources/
projectawardsguide.aspx.
A Recap of Recent ACI

Chapter Awards
ere is an overiew of some recent annual awards

programs held by ACI chapters.
Arkansas Chapter ACI hosts 3rd Annual

Meeting and Awards Program
The Arkansas Chapter ACI hosted its third Annual

Meeting and Awards Program Luncheon on January 15, 2015,
at the Baldwin in Little Rock, AR. The chapter presented two
concrete awards and gave two students an opportunity to
present research papers that were submitted for the student
competition.
Coreslab Structures (ARK), Inc., won in the category of
Project Under $6 million Contract Value. Their project was
the Ouachita School District P.E. Building/Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) Shelter in Donaldson, AR.
Olympus Construction, Inc., won in the category of Project
Over $6 million Contract Value. Their project was the
Arkansas State Veterans Cemetery in Birdseye, AR. Two
students presented papers in the student competition: Canh
Dang, winner, and Alberto Ramirez Garcia, runner-up.
The Arkansas Chapter ACI also installed its Board
Members for 2015. The officers are: Past President, ACI
member Greg Campbell, Ash Grove Cement; President, ACI
member Bryan Powers, Concrete Consultant; Vice President,
ACI member Jeff Copeland, BASF; and Secretary/Treasurer,
Linda Weaver, Webco Mining, Inc. The Board of Directors
are: ACI member Larry Jones, Baldwin & Shell Construction;
Frances Griffith, FACI, CCFTT, University of Arkansas;
ACI member Mark Littrell, Cromwell Architects & Engineers;
Rita Madison, FACI, ARMCA; ACI member Steve Horton,
Razorback Concrete; and ACI member Casey Jones, Material
Testing of Arkansas.
To learn more about the Arkansas Chapter ACI visit,
www.arkansaschapteraci.org.
Coreslab Structures accepting award
Olympus Construction accepting award
Central New York Chapter ACI
On April 1, 2015, the Central New York Chapter ACI

held its 2014 Masonry and Concrete Awards Ceremony. This
event recognizes local project owners, architects, engineers,
general contractors, installers, suppliers, special inspectors,
Garcia and Dang with Professor Micah Hale, University of

Arkansas
61
Before
Construction Manager; Murnane Building Contractors, Inc.,

Concrete Contractor; Saunders Concrete, Concrete Producer;
CME Associates, Inc., Special Inspector and Testing Company;
The Whitacre Engineering Co./EJ Construction Group, Inc.,
Reinforcement Fabricator/Installer; and Reginald Hough
Associates, Concrete Consultant.
Gold Award Winner for Excellence in

Masonry Construction
Clinton Combined Sewer Overflow in Syracuse, NY,

consists of two buildings containing equipment for a 6 million
gal. (23 million L) combined sewer overflow facility. The
structure uses load-bearing concrete masonry unit walls
supporting precast concrete plank floors and roof. The
exterior faade consists of brick veneer detailed to echo the
styles and details of surrounding buildings.
Load-bearing masonry was selected for its longevity, fire
performance, and structural load-carrying capability. Great
attention was paid to proper alignment of precast window
jambs, heads, corners, and panels as well as proper dampproofing and weeping of the cavity wall system. Overall, the
project delivers quality, durability, and aesthetics.
Project credits: Onondaga County Department of Purchasing,
Owner; Group 1 Design, Architect; Environmental
Engineering Associates, LLP, Project Engineer; Kiewit
Corporation, General Contractor; Alliance Masonry, Masonry
Contractor; Barnes & Cone, Inc., Masonry Producer; and
CME Associates, Inc., Special Inspector and Testing Company.
After
Dineen Hall
and testing companies for exceptional design and installation

of masonry and concrete construction. The projects were
judged in four categories: aesthetic concept, innovative use of
materials/sustainability (including green technology), structural
design, and quality of installation.
Gold Award Winner for Excellence in

Concrete Construction
Dineen Hall, a new facility at Syracuse Universitys

College of Law in Syracuse, NY, features exposed concrete
elements including columns, beams, and walls. The structure
consists of a steel frame for speed of construction, but the
design team desired the look and feel of exposed concrete.
Many of the steel beams and columns are therefore encased in
self-consolidating concrete (SCC). SCC was an excellent
choice for producing a consistent surface with few defects.
The project posed numerous challenges including long
vertical spans for concrete walls with cantilevered stairs. The
quality of the installation is reflected in the finished concrete
surfaces on display in the building.
Project credits: Syracuse University, Owner; Gluckman
Mayner Architects, Architect; John P. Stopen Engineering,
LLP, Project Engineer; Hueber-Breuer Construction Co., Inc.,
62
Silver and Bronze Award Winners for Excellence in

Concrete and Masonry Construction
The Silver Award winners were St. Josephs Hospital

Masterplan Phase 2b in Syracuse and the Byrne Dairy
Cortlandville Facility in Cortland, NY, respectively. The
Bronze Award winners for Excellence in Concrete and
Masonry construction were the Bernthal Way Plaza Restoration
in Syracuse and the Hutchings Psychiatric Center Building 8
in Syracuse, respectively.
The Syracuse University Football Program Renovations
and Additions Plaza Recognition Wall received an Award of
Merit for Excellence in Concrete construction. There were
also two Award of Merit winners for Excellence in Masonry
construction. These went to the Binghamton University
Center of Excellence and a new residence hall at St. Lawrence
University in Canton, NY.
Sponsors for the awards event were the Whitacre Engineering
Company; CME Associates, Inc.; Atlantic Testing Laboratories;
Alliance Masonry; and Jefferson Concrete Corp. Visit
www.acicny.org for additional information on the projects.
Kuwait Chapter ACI 14th Annual

Awards Banquet
Kuwait Chapter ACI is a fast-growing chapter. The

chapter has reached 510 individual members, 67 organizations,
and 38 student members. Chapter activities include technical
seminars, field visits, training courses, social events, technical

guides, student activities, and many others.
The 14th Annual Awards Banquet was held in May 2015 at
the Jumirah Hotel, Kuwait. The banquet was hosted under the
patronage of H.E. The Former Minister of Public Works and
former Minister of Electricity and Water Abdul Aziz Al
Ibrahim. Two awards were given: the Award of Excellence
and the Award of Achievement. The former is given to the
most distinguished construction project of the year. The award
is presented to recognize and celebrate outstanding work in
concrete construction and practices, innovative architectural
and structural design, response to cultural considerations and
traditions, architectural landmarks and iconic structures, high
standards of construction and quality, renewal and renovation
projects, creative use of concrete, and public appreciation of a
project. The Award of Excellence was given to The Avenues,
Phase 3, described as a Grand and innovatively designed
landmark development, providing a unique retail and lifestyle
experience for residents and visitors in the State of Kuwait.
The award was given to the Mabanee Company, Owner;
Alghanim International General Trading and Contracting
Company, General Contractor; Gensler, International Design
Architects; Pace, Design and Supervision Consultant; Bubiyan
Kuwait Award of
Achievement 2014
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Ready-Mix Kuwait, Main Concrete Supplier; and Lafarge

Readymix Kuwait, Concrete Supplier.
The Award of Achievement is presented to an individual in
recognition of an individuals long standing contribution
toward advancing engineering education, concrete construction
practice, or a related area of expertise in Kuwait. The award
this year was given to Nabil Hani Qaddumi for Lifetime
contribution toward promoting engineering education,
training, and professional project management in the State
of Kuwait.
The winners were selected by the Kuwait Chapter ACI
Board of Directors. Nomination forms are sent to all engineering
offices, governmental sectors, and individuals working in
research or education in the construction field.
The Awards Banquet is attended by a large number of
members, engineers, nominees, and governmental representatives. The banquet event was covered by local newspapers
and TV.
Kuwait Chapter ACI 4th International Conference and
Exhibition: Smart, Green and Durable Concrete Structures is
scheduled for March 28-30, 2016, at the Radisson Blu Hotel
in Kuwait. For details and abstract submission, visit
www.spatialco.com/aci or www.aci-kw.org or contact
Moetaz El-Hawary, hmoetaz@yahoo.com.
Nebraska Chapter ACI Annual Awards

Banquet Celebrates the Best of the Best in
Nebraska Concrete
The Nebraska ChapterACI Annual Awards Banquet was

held January 30, 2015, at the Champions Club in Lincoln, NE.
The highlight was the presentation of four Awards for
Outstanding Achievement and two Awards of Excellence:
Award of Excellence: 50/50 Mixed use Facility
The project is unique because it is one of the few mixed

use housing projects in Lincoln. The concept of apartments
on top of a parking garage, combined with future retail
space, is a truly unique concept to the area. The project was
special in terms that the pre-planning was done to break
scopes out into day-by-day tasks to be completed. The site
was from curb to curb with no lay down area available;
partnering with the University of Nebraska to plan spaces
50/50 Mixed use Facility
64
Oxford South Bridge
to be used to stage equipment and materials was a must.

Hausmann worked collaboratively with the owner, architects,
and subcontractors as a team to complete this unique project
as promised.
Project credits: America First Real Estate Group and
University of Nebraska, Owners; Walker Parking Consultants,
Engineer; Hausmann Construction, Inc., General Contractor;
Ready Mixed Concrete Co., Lincoln, Concrete Supplier;
Coreslab Structures (Omaha), Precast Supplier; and
Amsysco, Inc., Prestress Supplier.
Award of Excellence: Oxford South Bridge
The project is the first application of 0.7 in. (18 mm)

diameter strands at 2 x 2 in. (51 x 51 mm) spacing to precast/
prestressed concrete bridge girders in North America. For
several years, 0.7 in. diameter strands have been used in cable
bridges and mining applications in the United States and for
post-tensioning tendons in Europe and Japan, but not in
precast/prestressed bridge girders. Current bridge design
specifications do not allow the use of such large diameter
strands in bridge construction. However, this application was
made possible after several years of research at the University
of NebraskaLincoln.
Project credits: Nebraska Department of Roads, Owner;
NDOR District 2, Structural Engineer;United Contractors,
General Contractor; Paulsen, Inc., Concrete Supplier; and
Coreslab Structures (Omaha), Inc.,Precast Supplier.
Award for Outstanding Achievement: Lexus

of Omaha
The Lexus of Omaha Dealership houses a 16,000 ft2 (1490 m2),

state-of-the-art showroom. The 2 x 4 ft (0.6 x 1.2 m) tiles
installed in the showroom required a flatness rating greater
than the commonly specified FF50 required for standard
1 x 2 ft (0.3 x 0.6 m) tiles. To prevent curling, the project team
eliminated the saw cutting of control joints. To achieve this,
the team had to be creative with using admixtures in the
mixture designs.
Project credits: Anderson Auto Group, Owner; Carlson
West Povondra Architects, Architect; Boyd Jones Construction,
General Contractor; J.R. Barger & Sons, Concrete Contractor;
and Consolidated Concrete, LLC, Concrete Supplier.
Lexus of Omaha
Award for Outstanding Achievement: U.S. Highway

34 Bridge
Work on the U.S. 34 Bridge over the Missouri River began
late in the fall of 2011, after the record floodwaters from that
summer receded. The bridge opened to traffic just under 3 years
later on October 22, 2014. The project contained nearly
35,000 yd3 (26,760 m3) of concrete, with over 25,000 yd3
(19,110 m3) falling under the definition of mass concrete.
There were many provisions for controlling heat of hydration
in the placements that fell under the mass concrete specification.
Project credits: Iowa Department of Transportation,
Owner; HDR Engineering, Inc., Structural Engineer; Jensen
Construction Company, General Contractor; Ready Mixed
Concrete Company Omaha, Concrete Supplier; and Coreslab
Structures (Omaha), Inc., Precast Supplier.
Award for Outstanding Achievement: The Kanter

Residence
The Kanter Residence located in Lincoln, NE, is a 15,000 ft2

(1390 m2) custom home that showcases the diversity of
concrete and its many uses. It also features some of the best
that Stephens & Smith has to offerincluding footings,
foundation walls, floor slabs, basketball court slab, hollow
core topping, driveway, stamped pool deck, stamped patio and
walkways, and 1.5 in. (38 mm) Gyp-Crete with infloor heat,
along with drain tile and foundation dampproofing.
Project credits: Troy and Sara Kanter, Owner; Structural
Design Group, Structural Engineer; Pride Homes, General
Contractor; Stephens & Smith Concrete Company, Concrete
Contractor; Beatrice Concrete Company, Concrete Supplier;
and Ready Mixed Concrete Co., Lincoln, Concrete Supplier.
the design of the jail intentionally articulates the mass of the

front faade to respond to the design restrictions associated
with the sites Corridor Overlay zoning. The result is that the
facility has a commercial appearance, making it look less like
an institution and more like the historic community in which
it resides. The facility blends in with neighboring architecture
without typical features such as razor wire, observation
towers, and high mast lighting that are often associated with a
correctional institution.
The jail opened with 375 beds and can be expanded to
support up to 623 beds. The facility offers a separate living
area for inmates on work release so they wont be in contact
with the general jail population. Support areas include food
service, laundry, intake and release, medical services, recreation
and education, central storage, visitation, magistrate, administration, and staff services. High-performance and sustainable
design strategies are incorporated into many aspects of the
project, including the site design, building envelope construction,
U.S. Highway 34 Bridge
Award for Outstanding Achievement: Concrete

Industries Pipe Plant Extension
This project required the placement of concrete for two

new kiln foundations for Concrete Industries, Inc., in
Lincoln, NE. The kiln foundations are a new, state-of-the-art
moving floor area, for automated transport, curing, removal,
and return of precast concrete pipe products.
Project credits: Nebco, Inc., Owner; Davis Design,
Structural Engineer; Kingery Construction, General Contractor;
Stephens & Smith Construction Co., Concrete Contractor; and
Ready Mixed Concrete Co. Lincoln, Concrete Supplier.
Virginia Chapter ACI Presents Commonwealth Award to RSW Regional Jail
The RSW Regional Jail is the 2014 winner. The award was
presented to Howard Shockey & Sons, Inc., and Mosely
Architects at the Virginia Concrete Conference on March 5,
2015. The 180,000 ft2 (16,720 m2), $56 million facility was a
joint development of Rappahannock, Shenandoah, and Warren
counties that doesnt look like a jail. The large quantity of
concrete specified in the project was a factor in receiving
LEED Silver certification by USGBC.
Not only does the facility help overcome jail overcrowding,
The Kanter Residence
RSW Regional Jail

65
energy systems, building material selection, construction

practices, and water using systems and equipment.
Precast concrete cells were used for 218 of the 375 beds.
The concrete floors were stained and polished to provide the
finished floor in many areas of the building, including all the
housing units. The precast concrete cell forms were customized
to provide a slot between the units for fire sprinkler piping to
cover the underside of the balcony.
Ready-mixed concrete was manufactured and supplied by
Essroc Ready Mix (approximately 6000 yd3 [4590 m3] of
slabs, 1755 yd3 [1340 m3] of foundations, and 1119 yd3 [860 m3]
of masonry grout).
Oldcastle Precast, Inc., manufactured and installed 257
rear-chase, precast concrete jail cells and 12 shower modules,
which represents approximately 1680 yd3 (1280 m3) of
concrete. Precast wall panels, columns, and beams were
manufactured and installed by Metromont Corporation
(approximately 336 pieces of precast, of which 81,473 ft2
[7570 m2] was wall panels, 35,545 ft2 [3300 m2)] was thin
brick, and 1929 yd3 [1470 m3] was concrete). Only the front of
the building used traditional brick and stone cavity wall
construction. The exterior walls of the back and sides of the
building are precast concrete panels with continuous insulation,
and a thin brick which matched the traditional brick. This

method was selected to save time and money over the cavity
wall construction.
LEED-Silver Certification
The primary sustainability focus in the design and

operation of the building is in the water efficiency. Jails are
extremely water-intensive in nature, having to serve a large
inmate population 24 hours each day, every day of the year.
A vacuum flush system uses pressure instead of water
volume to operate, allowing for an estimated 46% reduction
in water use. This equates to an anticipated 2.65 million gal.
(10 million L) saved every year and a 70% reduction in
wastewater discharge volume. Rainwater from the roof is
diverted to a 220,000 gal. (832,800 L) underground storage
tank system and then brought into the building to be treated
and reused in the laundry and cooling towers. The precast
and cast-in-place concrete was made with fly ash to replace a
portion of the cement. Concrete manufacturing and raw
material extraction occurred within 500 miles (800 km) of
the project site.
To learn more about the Virginia Chapter ACI, visit
www.vachp-aci.com.
Web Sessions
ACI Web Sessions are recorded presentations from
ACI Conventions and other concrete industry events,
made available for viewing online on the ACI website.
New presentations are added weekly. Use the search
function to find past Web Sessions on topics that
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66
ACI Chapter Anniversaries

in 2015
his year marks a significant milestone in the history of
many of the ACI chapters. A strong core of committed
volunteers with a passion for concrete and concrete
technology have led to the addition of two new chapters
within the past year, along with numerous student-led chapters

on both domestic and international university campuses. ACI
celebrates the ongoing commitment of these chapters that are
dedicated to Always advancing.
55 Years of Commitment
Greater Michigan Chapter ACI

Central Ohio Chapter ACI
Taiwan Chapter ACI

Egypt Chapter ACI
Central & Southern Mexico Chapter ACI
Seccin Centro y
Sur de Mxico
Alabama Chapter ACI
British Columbia Chapter ACI

Georgia Chapter ACI
Houston Chapter ACI
Philippines Chapter ACI
HOUSTON CHAPTER
Carolinas Chapter ACI
Central Florida Chapter ACI
Alberta Chapter ACI
Thailand Chapter ACI
Puerto Rico Chapter ACI
Bridging the Carolinas
CAROLINAS CHAPTER
Peru Chapter ACI
Singapore Chapter ACI
Central Texas Chapter ACI
1 Year of Commitment
Saskatchewan Chapter ACI

UAE Dubai Chapter ACI
pore Chap
ter
nga
Si
67
Student Chapters Add

Value to Local Chapters
CI recognizes the achievements of its student members

and their chapters in a variety of ways, including
scholarships, fellowships, competitions, and university
awards. The ACI Award for University Student Activities is
presented to universities that support student chapters actively
involved in promoting the mission of ACI and its chapters.
So what does it take to become an ACI Excellent or
Outstanding University? For starters, a student chapter needs:
A strong student leader;
An involved faculty advisor;
A mentor from a local ACI chapter;
A proactive approach to recruiting new members;
Consistent plans for meetings and special events with
interesting topics; and
Fundraising to support chapter efforts.
The following student chapters are a few that have been
recognized as part of an Excellent University in recent years.
ACI and its chapters have reaped the rewards of a mutual
exchange of sharing knowledge and resources with the
younger generation of concrete professionals.
Penn State University Student Chapter ACI
ACI member Farshad Rajabipour, a civil engineering

Professor at the Pennsylvania State University (PSU), State
College, PA, was impressed when sophomore Matt Gombeda
approached him and Andrew Scanlon about revitalizing the
ACI student chapter in 2011. The previous student chapter
went dormant, but Gombedas involvement with the American
Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Concrete Canoe competition
motivated him to pursue the chapters renewal.
Scanlon and Rajabipour were very supportive of Gombedas
mission and after contacting the Pittsburgh Chapter ACI and
completing the paperwork, the PSU Student Chapter ACI
was reinstated.
ACI was a great learning experience when I was a
student, said Rajabipour, who serves as the Faculty Advisor
for the student chapter. As a former ACI student member, he
encourages all of his students to take advantage of the free
student e-membership.
68
I teach junior-level courses in concrete construction

material to about 280 students. At the beginning of the
semester, I invite the current ACI Student Chapter President to
give a brief 5-minute introduction of what they do. Once they
are in the chapter, they seek my advice on event planning and
the Concrete Canoe competition. Im very involved in helping
the students with mixing, design, and casting.
Its my belief, and the students agreethe initiative needs
to be taken by the student while the professor gives advice
instead of micromanaging, he added.
Tom Pochatko, Gombedas successor as Student Chapter
President, has continued to foster growth within the PSU
Student Chapter ACI. Pochatko, a senior civil engineering
major, became involved with the Pittsburgh Chapter ACI
last year and has been with the PSU Student Chapter ACI
since his sophomore year. He learned about ACI after joining
the Concrete Canoe team.
This is a great group to join for networking and learning
the practical side of civil engineering in a fun learning
environment. Its also a good organization to include on a
rsum and join for life, Pochatko said.
As the student chapter President, Pochatko organizes and
runs most of the meetings for approximately 45 members. He
also coordinates the ACI Field Testing training for 20 members
per semester.
The greatest challenge so far is coordinating a time for
meetings that can accommodate most peoples schedules.
Weve been able to resolve this problem with the use of
Google Docs and polls, he said.
Event planning, management, and leadership are just a few
of the skills Pochatko has acquired as a result of his role in the
PSU Student Chapter ACI. It helped me obtain a job with
Walsh Construction group. They liked the fact that I had
experience in the concrete industry outside of school and the
fact that I could lead a group, he said.
After graduation, Pochatko aspires to start a construction/
engineering firm that specializes in bridges, but in the
meantime he will continue to reap the academic and social
rewards of an ACI membership.
I enjoy the end-of-the-year gathering we host downtown

at State College with the Pittsburgh Chapter ACI. We go to
dinner downtown as a group and usually have a presentation
from someone in the industry.
The Pittsburgh Chapter ACI has assigned two representatives
to oversee the student chapter. Bill Tate, a Chapter Board
Director, and Andrew Lawrence, Chapter Vice President,
both hold the title of Co-Coordinator for the PSU Student
Chapter ACI.
I originally became involved with the Pittsburgh Chapter
almost 20 years ago, explains Lawrence. My father, Robert
Lawrence, has been an active member for 30 years or more.
I became more heavily involved in the chapter in 2007 when
I moved back to Pennsylvania from Ohio. Ive really been
aware of the chapter since adolescence when I can remember
my dad going to the chapters monthly meetings.
Lawrence lives in western Pennsylvania and works as a
Project Manager/Engineer for a heavy-highway construction
company. In his role as Co-Coordinator, he helps administer
certification programs to the student chapter members.
I enjoyed giving the students some real-world, hands-on
training regarding concrete to supplement their classroom
studies. Although I was a student 15-plus years ago, I remember
how fortunate I was compared to other students to have role
models such as my dad to provide me with hands-on training
that is difficult to get in a university setting. This is especially
true for undergrads who are not heavily involved in research.
Tom Pochatko, President of the PSU Chapter ACI
Furthermore, as a professional engineer in the concrete

construction industry, I know how important quality control of
concrete is, Lawrence said.
Lawrence said that one of the goals of the Pittsburgh
Chapter ACI is to try to fill the gap between young engineers
and education in concrete quality control. According to
Lawrence, the three main benefits of joining the Pittsburgh
Chapter ACI are the opportunity to give back to the concrete
industry, networking with professionals from all parts of the
industry, and sharing educational resources.
I think forging relationships with the young and upcoming
professionals will help sustain our chapter the next 30 years or
more. Any chapter looking to find ways to expand membership
should consider sponsoring a student chapter. Even if the
students dont stay in the chapters geographical area,
hopefully their experience with the Pittsburgh Chapter will
lead them to join another local chapter, wherever that may
be, he said.
To learn more about the Pittsburgh Chapter ACI, visit
www.acipgh.com.
Carolinas Student Chapter
The North Carolina State University (NCSU) Student

Chapter ACI has been very active for many years under the
strong guidance of Roberto Nunez, FACI, who serves as the
Student Advisor for the chapter. The chapter has approximately
12 members, eight of whom attended the ACI Fall 2014
Convention in Washington, DC. Six new members attended
the convention and really enjoyed the event. The President of
the student chapter is Elizabeth Phelps.
The student chapter participated in the Egg Protection
Device competition at the Fall 2014 Convention, along with
other students from around the world. Although the chapters
design did well, another student team won the competition.
In addition to participating in the student competition,
members attended seminars and technical committee meetings
at the convention. The chapter also participated in the Concrete
Construction Competition.
Members of the UNC at Charlotte Chapter ACI

69
The competition focused on finding solutions to a fast-track

installation of a floor coating on a concrete slab.
With 25 members, the UNC at Charlotte Student Chapter
ACI has a faculty mentor, developed a constitution, will take
part in the ACI Concrete Construction Competition, and has
fundraisers pending. The Board looks forward to bolstering
this student chapter, along with others, and to help them
flourish for the sake of the betterment of the future leaders of
the concrete industry.
To learn more about the Carolinas Chapter ACI, visit
www.aci-carolinas.org.
New Jersey Institute of Technology Student

Chapter ACI
NJIT educational seminar
The NCSU Student Chapter ACI also conducts ACI

Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I certification
sessions for the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
Members of the student chapter have obtained this certification
themselves and are therefore in a position to assist with the
instruction and serve as Supplemental Examiners for the
performance testing phase of the certification program. The
Carolinas Chapter ACI is honored to support this and other
student chapters.
The Carolinas Chapter ACI members are always impressed
after engaging with any of their student chapter participants,
and comfortable in the knowledge that the future of the industry
is in good hands with these energetic and dedicated students.
At the risk of sounding clich, the Carolinas student
chapters comprise individuals who will be the future leaders
of the concrete industry in the coming years. It has been
important to the leaders of ACI and the Carolinas Chapter ACI
to foster and attend to existing and potential student chapters
in the Carolinas. The Board of the Carolinas Chapter ACI
provides this support through engagement with students,
leadership, and donations. As such, the Board is pleased to
announce the pending formation of another student chapter:
University of North Carolina (UNC) at Charlotte. The UNC at
Charlotte Student Chapter ACI is led by an enthusiastic and
supportive student and faculty team and have proven to be
competitive on a national level. More specifically, several
students who now comprise the leadership of this chapter won
a national competition related to concrete floor design. The
UNC Charlotte students (Joel Shuler, Edward Blanchard,
Stewart Crismore, Seth Spears, and Ashton Crabtree) placed
first in the 2013 ACI/ASCC Concrete Construction Competition.
70
For the fourth year in a row, the New Jersey Institute of

Technology (NJIT), Newark, NJ, has been named an ACI
Excellent Universityone of the 15 universities to receive the
award for 2014. The award recognizes universities that
participate in ACI-related activities and was announced during
The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition Spring 2015
Opening Session and Annual Awards Program in Kansas City,
MO, on April 12.
NJITs ACI student chapter is the only one in the state of
New Jersey and one of the most active student chapters in the
United States, said ACI member Mohamed Mahgoub, an
Associate Professor of engineering technology and the
Director of NJITs Concrete Industry Management (CIM)
program in the Department of Engineering Technology. In
addition to its many activities, from seminars, to field visits,
to fundraising events, the chapter also helps students become
certified as concrete specialists and participates in international
ACI competitions.
The NJIT Student Chapter ACI is dedicated to:
Helping students become interested in concrete as a
building material;
Gaining experience and knowledge using concrete;
Minimizing the environmental impacts associated with
concrete construction and repair;
Helping students take advantage of the resources offered
by ACI;
Preparing students by building a foundation of leadership
and communication skills; and
Establishing positive relationships with all related to
concrete industry.
Schedule regular meetings
The growth strategy for the NJIT Student Chapter ACI is

simple: the chapter is open to anyone and everyone who is
interested in concrete and is consistent with face-to-face and
electronic communication. Chapter members want to feel
value expressed through respect for their time, commitment
from its leaders, and clearly defined goals.
All are welcome regardless of major and We are more
than concrete are the mottos splattered across the colorful
advertisements used to invite new and old members to
participate in the weekly meetings hosted by the NJIT Student

Chapter ACI. The sessions are limited to 1 hour and detail
the purpose of the meeting including but not limited to
discussions on competitions, fundraisers, community service
events, and updates and changes to previously planned projects.
Host local award dinners
Mahgoub and eight CIM students attended the 52nd

Annual Concrete Awards Dinner held at the Heldrich in New
Brunswick, NJ. Sponsored by the New Jersey Chapter ACI
as well as the New Jersey Concrete and Aggregate Association,
the dinner honored Laurence J. Silvi, John L. Silvi, and Roy
Olsen for their outstanding contributions to the industry.
The CIM program also recognized the arduous work Mark
Wierciszewski, the President of the New Jersey Chapter
ACI; Zach Rich, Vice President; Casimir Bognacki, Treasurer;
Dianne Johnston, Executive Director; and Diannes husband
Jim Johnston have done together with their team at the New
Jersey Chapter ACI to put together this event.
Invite engaging speakers
The NJIT Student Chapter ACI invited a speaker of

the semester, Casimir Bognacki, the Chief of Materials
Engineering at the Port Authority of New York and New
Jersey, to speak to an audience of ACI and NJIT students,
staff, and professors about the Goethals Bridge Replacement
Program, with an emphasis on concrete durability versus
concrete strength.
Bognacki also discussed the microwave test method and how
it can be used to determine the amount of water in concrete as
a more promising technique versus current methods. The
students present at this event took an opportunity to gain a
deeper understanding of concrete strength and durability, as
well as what the microwave test is and how it works.
NJIT student competition project
Participate in competitions
Two teams of CIM and civil engineering students from

NJIT won both categories of the 30th annual Student Beam
Competition, held in the spring in Pennsylvania and organized
by the Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware Chapter ACI.
It was the first time in the contest history that a non-host
school won both categories.
We expected to win one, but two was quite exciting, said
Gabriel Garcia, a civil engineering and CIM major with a
minor in business management. Garcia is the President of the
NJIT Student Chapter ACI.
To beat the record at this competition was quite an
achievement, said Mahgoub.
Give to the community
In March, the NJIT Student Chapter ACI went to Red

Bank, NJ, and participated in an alternative spring break event
at OASIS tlc. The students were all dual-degree majors in
CIM and civil engineering. OASIS tlc has been converting a
residence into a working farm for the past 2.5 years. Garcia,
NJIT community service project
ACI Student Chapter Treasurer Ali Fardos, and ACI Student

Chapter members Ariel Aranda and Walter Cevallos worked
with an engineer who lives on site to rehabilitate a deck
serving as a bridge along the perimeter of the property.
To learn more about the New Jersey Chapter ACI, visit
www.njaci.com.
Acknowledgments
Thanks to Cecil Jones and David B. Scott of the Carolinas Chapter ACI
and Tracey Regan of the New Jersey Institute of Technology for their
contributions to this article.
71
Alaska Chapter ACI

at the Forefront of
Concrete Technology in
the Last Frontier
n the winter of 2013, a small group of concrete professionalsincluding Xavier Schlee, Mickey Hebert, Ryan
Morman, and Robert Scott Gartinbegan to meet and
discuss starting a chapter of the American Concrete Institute
in Alaska. By late spring, the group had a general idea of what
the chapter would offer and how it might operate.
However, as the construction season began that summer,
the chapter committee began to have drastically less time
available to devote to planning chapter activities. Robert
Scott Gartin picked up the slack for the rest of us as the
demands of our employment forced us to have less time
available to devote to chapter activities, explained Xavier
Schlee, the current Alaska Chapter ACI President.
Robert took the initiative to hire and pay a lawyer out of
his own pocket to assist us with our bylaws. He started our
bank account and website and coordinated each to allow
individuals to pay for certification from the website. He
worked without any compensation as the examiner for most of
our certifications for the first year because we did not know
what our budget would be. He was our chapters first President, Schlee said. Despite the rough start, Schlee and the
others were determined to make the chapter work.
Schlee had graduated from the University of Alaska
Fairbanks with a degree in philosophy and psychology. He
also had an Alaska commercial drivers license. He opted
to pursue a career using his most marketable skill and so
began his first industry job driving a mixer truck for
University Redimix in Fairbanks.
I went from making $8 an hour in college to making
$18 an hour as a mixer truck driver. I showed up to work
every morning like I was stealing money. The only problem
with my postgraduate plan was that I was a terrible truck
driver, but it turned out I was pretty good at judging slumps
of concrete and was hired on in the quality control lab,
Schlee continued.
72
The day Schlee was hired as Quality Control Technician,

the previous Quality Control Manager quit. Schlee took over
the manager position, which he has retained for the last 13
years. His company is the main cement supplier for the state
of Alaska, so he is chiefly responsible for predicting cement
consumption on a weekly basis.
Prior to the ACI chapter in Alaska, a group called the
Concrete Products Association would organize an annual
event to educate concrete professionals. The only other
avenue to information about concrete practices was to send
individuals outside of Alaska for training. The Alaska
Chapter ACI is a new organization, and we are a state that is
fairly new to working with concrete in a wide range of areas,
so its exciting to be a part of expanding the understanding of
concrete up here, Schlee said.
The greatest strength of the Alaska Chapter ACI, according to Schlee, is a core group of dedicated professionals
interested in advancing concrete in the state.
Our chapter is challenged geographically because we are
a very large state with a small population. Within our state, we
have very different climate zones and geography. We have
more than half the coastline of the entire United States and a
larger geographic area than any other state. In some areas of
the state, we have a very aggressive freezing-and-thawing
cycle, and in other parts of the state, we have some of the
coldest temperatures in the U.S. In each of these different
regions there are different concerns for concrete.
Schlee recalled that concrete work was very seasonal
during the beginning of his career, however as the demand for
construction increased, the season expanded. Concrete
professionals in Alaska are now experienced in placing
concrete in colder temperatures, up to 10 to 20F degrees
below zero (23 to 29C).
With 15 active members, the chapter is small but growing.
They promote the chapter primarily through the Alaska
Chapter ACI website, the Alaska Concrete Alliance, the

Department of Transportation, and the Alaska Concrete
Products Association. The Alaska Chapter ACI offers 10
different certification exams between April and May. The
most popular courses are Field Testing, Strength Testing,
Aggregate Testing, and the Adhesive Anchor Installer program. The chapter is also proactively exploring the possibility
of launching a student chapter at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks and the University of Alaska Anchorage.
Learn more about the Alaska Chapter ACI at www.
acialaska.com.
Fast Facts about Alaska
hugeAlaska is the largest state in America, but

Its
only has about 737,000 residents.
mountainousAlaska is home to 17 of the
Its
20 highest peaks in the United States.
icy5% of the state is covered by an estimated
Its
100,000 glaciers.
movingAlaska experiences approximately
Its
5000 earthquakes per year.
not always coldduring the summer, Alaska
Its
averages temperatures of 60 to 90F (15.5 to 32C).
a natural water parkAlaska is home to
Its
3000 rivers and 3 million lakes.
a former Russian territorythe United States
Its
purchased the state in 1867.
73
Iraq Chapter ACI

Advances Concrete Industry
in the Middle East
en months after August 2013, when the ACI Chapter

Activities Committee approved the formation of the
Iraq Chapter ACI, large areas of Iraq fell under
terrorist attack by ISIS. It was a serious challenge to launch
the activities of the new chapter because much of the area was
devastated. Local universities were closed and construction
projects ceased. ISIS threatened the remainder of the country
and the Chapter Board of Directors faced the challenge of
attracting the interest of professors, engineers, technicians,
and students to become members.
The first step in planning chapter activities was to host a
Skype conference call with those who held leadership roles.
The second step was to present seminars introducing the
benefits of forming an ACI chapter to improve concrete
knowledge, especially at engineering colleges in central and
south Iraq. The third step was to launch a website and
Facebook page and then invite people interested in concrete to
be chapter members.
The following is a summary of chapter activities:
concrete. The seminars were held at the University of

Babylon, the University of Wasit, the University of Technology,
and the Governorate Building of Mesan.
Educational Seminars
The University of Kufa College of Engineering and the

Iraq Chapter ACI organized a seminar in recognition of the
legacy of Husain M. Husain on January 18, 2015the anniversary
of Husains death. Several professors described his research
work on the structural use of concrete and a wall poster was
Educational seminars have been organized on various

concrete topics, such as the benefits of reorganizing ACI 318,
sustainable concrete, using fiber-reinforced polymer to
strengthen concrete structures, and self-consolidating
Student Project Competition
The chapter hosted the second Annual Concrete Project

Competition, open to undergraduate students. The projects
focused on concrete design, material, and/or construction.
Students were required to submit a paper containing a
problem statement, statement of research significance, a
conclusion, and a list of references.
Sponsoring Industry Events
The Iraq Chapter ACI supports the efforts of the Second

International Conference of Building Construction and
Environmental Engineering (BCEE2), organized by the Iraqi
University of Technology and the Lebanese American University.
It will be held in Beirut, Lebanon, October 17-18, 2015.
Honoring Industry Leaders
Seminar in the city of Hilla on the benefits of Iraq Chapter ACI membership
74
Fast Facts About Iraq
a border with six countries: Iran, Turkey, Syria,

Shares
Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait.
36 million people live in Iraq.
About
Covers
square miles (438,000 km ) that
includes169,000
40% desert and 30% mountains.
different languages are spoken (mainly Arabic
Five
and Kurdish).
reach over 100F (38C) in the summer
Temperatures
and as low as 35F (2C) in the winter.
is the largest industry, while agriculture is the
Oil
leading occupation.
2
Seminar on concrete sustainability in Baghdad
The Iraq Chapter ACI website

Presentation of the plaque in memory of Husain M. Husain at the
University of Kufa
placed in the lecture hall carrying his name. At the end of the
seminar, the College of Engineering Dean presented Husains
nephew with a plaque featuring the logo of the college.
In addition, the Iraq Chapter ACI acknowledged the
contributions of Khalid Najim, a Professor at the University of
Anbar. Although his university campus was occupied by ISIS
2 years ago, he continued his research on concrete and
published in international journals. Because of the security
situation, Najim changed his residence many times in different
Iraqi cities. He recently received a certificate from the Journal
of Construction and Building Materials for his outstanding
contribution in reviewing papers. The Iraq Chapter ACI
appreciates Najims spirit of challenge and his contributions
to concrete.
Challenges with Concrete in Hot Weather
Most areas in Iraq are known to have four pronounced

seasons: 5 long and hot months of summer with temperatures
sometimes exceeding 50C (122F) and other three seasons of
about 7 months with temperatures generally moderate. Every
year, Iraqi engineers have a recurring concern: How do we

compensate for the added complication in concrete placing
due to such hot weather? What kind of precautions should be
taken in case of prolonged time of transport?
Iraqi contractors usually take the potential difficulties into
account when they prepare to place concrete in the hot months
from mid-May to mid-October. Unlike field conditions,
mixture proportions in the laboratory are prepared under ideal
conditions with a room temperature of 20 to 30C (60 to
86F). All the constituents used in the trial mixtures are stored
in the laboratory at least 24 hours so that specimens are
subjected to constant conditions of moisture and temperature.
Moreover, if variations in aggregate moisture are expected,
then aggregates (fine and coarse) are to be prewetted and
probably covered overnight to reduce moisture variations at
the time of making trial mixtures.
In Iraq, desert conditions in the field vary greatly from
those in the laboratory mostly due to the elevated temperature
of the concrete and low relative humidity leading to increased
water demand, slump loss, plastic shrinkage, and need for
curing. These conditions are also forcing contractors to add
some water to the fresh concrete to increase the workability
and reduce placing and finishing difficulties.
75
Students in Lebanon
Challenged to Make Art
Outof Concrete
ACTS and Lebanon Chapter ACI sponsor competition at Future Concrete Lebanon
2015 conference
dvanced Construction Technology Services (ACTS),

aconsulting organization in the field of construction
materials and geotechnical engineering, and the
Lebanon Chapter ACI announced the winners of its most
recent student competition, called The Art of Concrete. The
team of Sara Attar and Nisrine Attar from Beirut Arab
University-Debbieh received the highest scores and was
awarded the top prize: a trip to the United States to attend
TheACI Concrete Convention and Exposition Fall 2015.
Second- and third-place winners received a cash award. The
awards were sponsored by Cimenterie Nationale.
ACTS made the announcement during the recent staging
ofFuture Concrete Lebanon 2015, an annual international
conference considered to be the Middle Easts premier
learning event for the construction industry. Organized by
ACTS and the Lebanon Chapter ACI, Future Concrete
Lebanon 2015 was held under the patronage of the Order of
Engineers and Architects (OEA) in Beirut and in cooperation
with fib, ASTM International, and ACI.
The Art of Concrete student competition, which attracted
17 groups from seven Lebanon-based universities, aimed to
showcase the artistic nature of concrete and challenged the
students to create their original works of art and display
concretes many varieties of form, function, and beauty.
Entries received were in the form of sculptures, paintings,
drawings, photographs, and scale models.
A panel of judges comprised of Adib El Hachem, Sales and
Marketing Director, Cimenterie Nationale, and Chairman and
CEO, Al Sabeh Beton; Elie Gebrayel, Chairman and CEO,
Erga Group; and Rodolphe Mattar, General Manager, Bureau
Detudes Rodolphe Mattar, evaluated the entries. The submitted projects were also displayed during the conference, where
attendees had the opportunity to vote on their favorite piece.
The winning entries were:
First place: Glorifying Concrete by Sara Attar and
Nisrine Attar, Beirut Arab University-Debbieh. This
76
project was a scale model that aimed to articulate the

importance of concrete in our lives, emphasizing that
concrete is vital for human existence. The concept
behind this project was to glorify and show the remark-
The winning entry was Glorifying Concrete by Sara Attar and Nisrine
Attar, Beirut Arab University-Debbieh
United for Lebanon by Mohamad Khaled,

Lebanese University-Tripoli
The Lebanese Power Bank by Teddy Abou Jaoude and Ricardo Jarjoura, Lebanese UniversityRoumieh and Holy Spirit University of Kaslik
able properties that concrete has, making it the overall

leading building material;
Second place: United for Lebanon by Mohamad Khaled,
Lebanese University-Tripoli. This model is comprised of
two parts that represent the two split Lebanese communities. They are built aligned together to form an illuminated
cedar image, depicting the idea of a united Lebanon; and
Third place: The Lebanese Power Bank by Teddy Abou
Jaoude and Ricardo Jarjoura, Lebanese University-Roumieh
and Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. The project is an
urban art design that can be installed in public or private
locations. The sculpture merges several elements, all of
which are concrete: three-dimensional illustrations from
five separate landmarks in Lebanon; Arabic calligraphy
As their prize, Sara and Nisrine Attar will be

attending The ACI Concrete Convention and
Exposition Fall 2015 in Denver, CO
engraved on the main elevation that indicates the function

of the project; a functional power bank augmented by a
solar panel that can be used to charge mobile phones or
anyother electronic device; and a concrete luminaire that
enhances and lightens up the outdoors at night.
ACI Vice President Khaled Awad, Chairman of ACTS,
said, This years competition exceeded our expectations.
Their original works of art show just how remarkable their
passion is to apply ingenuity and find creative solutions to rise
to the challenge. This only further motivates us at ACTS to
continue with our commitment of providing a venue for the
youth to engage in advanced learning and training, expose
them to various concrete projects and challenges, and help
them hone their skills.
Voting for The Art of Concrete competition
77

Introduces ACI 318-14 to the
Caribbean Engineering
Community
s the evolution of the human race has introduced

changes in accordance with the ecosystem in which it
lives, engineering has also evolved through the study
and development of efficient technologies with existing materials
and harmonizing those needs with available solutions. Because of
this, the resources management in accordance with the design
criteria should be based on guidelines that contribute to the
search for viable solutions without compromising the health,
safety, and serviceability of the beneficiaries. That is why civil
engineering, the oldest discipline after military engineering, has
traditionally been divided into several subdisciplines covered in
practice by applying product codes and the development of
materials, processes, and available techniques.
On March 13, 2015, a special educational lecture on
ACI 318-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete was held in Puerto Rico thanks to the interest and
efforts of organizations such as the Colegio de Ingenieros y
Agrimensores de Puerto Rico; the Institute of Civil Engineers,
represented by Manuel Bermudez Pagn; and the Puerto Rico
Chapter ACI in conjunction with the initiative of ACI
Honorary Member and Past President Jos M. Izquierdo
Encarnacin and sponsors such as Essroc San Juan.
With the participation of distinguished personalities
including ACI Past President William E. Rushing Jr., FACI;
ACI Past President Luis Garca, FACI, ACI Committee 318
Member; Ricardo Lpez, CIAPR Earthquake Committee
Member; Jos M. Izquierdo Encarnacin; and Jose Uriol
Ibarz, General Manager Essroc San Juan, the participants
took a closer look at the Code requirements and guidelines. A
representative from the Dominican Republic, Leonardo Reyes
Madera, President of the Dominican Society of Seismology
and Earthquake Engineering (SODOSIMICA is its acronym in
Spanish) was also present.
The contribution of Garca was focused on the Code
restructuring, philosophy, and organization and earthquake
systems design loads combinations and requirements from the
78
perspective of the current Code. Rushing provided advice and

recommendations about issues related to the better use of
technical criteria of design and construction judgement
practice under 318-14. Francisco Lopez, Professor at the
University of Puerto Rico Mayagez Campus, lectured the
audience about the design of beams and columns following
design guidelines highlighted in the Code 318-14. Finally,
Izquierdo Encarnacin gave a presentation about structural
walls design and construction requirements following the new
318. A total of 95 people participated in the Puerto Rico
318-14 Seminar.
Left to right: Pablo X. Burgos, Antonio Jimnez, Ricardo Lpez, Bill

Rushing, Jos M. Izquierdo Encarnacin, Manuel Corts, Luis Garca,
and Rubn Segarra
Nearly 100 attendees participated in ACI 318-14 Seminar hosted by

the Puerto Rico Chapter
Chapter Directory
Alabama Chapter ACI
Year established: 1995

Chapter contacts: Bo Canning, +1.205.999.9617, bcanning@
natcem.com, Birmingham, AL; Phil Gray, +1.334.657.7140,
pgray@natcem.com, Birmingham, AL; Doug Gruber,
+1.850.582.7324, dgruber@headwaters.com, Shalimar, FL
Meetings/education/social events: monthly lunch meetings
in Birmingham, AL; five technical programs per year; Spring
Technical Session at Lake Guntersville State Park
Student chapters sponsored: University of Alabama
Alaska Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Robert Scott Gartin, +1.907.529.0599,
acialaska@gmail.com, Anchorage, AK
Meetings/education/social events: quarterly lunch meetings
at the Associated General Contractors office, two technical
programs per year, contributed refreshments for the Alaska
Concrete Summit, and cosponsored the ACI 318-2014
Seminar in Anchorage
ACI certification: Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I,
Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete
Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate Testing Technician
Level 1, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Community service: Adopt a Highway for Sand Lake Road
Alberta Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Oliver Gepraegs, +1.403.247.1813,
ogepraegs@levelton.com, Calgary, AB

at a hotel in Calgary or the Derrick Club in Edmonton, one
technical program per year
Awards program: Alberta Chapter ACI Awards
of Excellence, held every 2 years in May or June;
award categories include Buildings, Bridges, Civil,
Restoration, Sustainability, and Advanced Concrete
Construction; awards presented at awards banquet
with entertainment
Student scholarships: four $1000 awards annually (ACI
supports an endowment fund for each to have the scholarship
self-sustained)
Algeria Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Abdelmalek Bekkouche, President,

+213.70.32.14.38, a_bekkouche@hotmail.com
Argentina Chapter ACI
Year established:1992
Chapter contact:Raul Bertero, +54.11.4312.9757,
rbertero@freyreyasoc.com.ar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Meetings/education/social events: monthly meetings
the firstWednesdayof each month
Student chapters sponsored: FIUBA student chapter
Arizona Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Beth Britt, +1.480.966.2213, azaci@
outlook.com, Tempe, AZ
Award in 2014: Excellent Chapter
Meetings/education/social events: monthly lunch meetings,
79
Chapter Directory
two to three technical programs per year, bowling tournament,
golf outings, joint events with ICRI and structural engineers
ACI certification: Concrete Field Testing Technician
Grade I, Concrete Construction Special Inspector and
Associate Inspector, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector and
Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician,
Tilt-Up Technician/Supervisor, Concrete Laboratory
Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate Testing
Technician Level 1; Adhesive Anchor Installer, Masonry
Field, Masonry Laboratory
Awards program: Exposing the Best in Concrete, held
May of every other year; eight to 10 awards for architectural
merit, transportation, flooring and hardscape, sustainability,
unusual use of concrete, mid- to high-rise, structural innovation, infrastructure, and overall top project
Student chapters sponsored: Arizona State University
Community service: Concrete Cares raised money for two
local charities by selling concrete heart necklaces, worked
with elementary school children, supported local Girl Scout
projects, student chapter built covered dugouts for a local
elementary school ballpark
Arkansas Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Linda Weaver, +1.501.796.2301, webco@
tcworks.net, El Paso, AR
at Baldwin & Shell Construction, Little Rock, AR; three to five
technical programs per year; Annual Fish Fry meeting in May
Awards program: Arkansas Chapter ACI Awards Program,
held January with the Annual Meeting; six categories:
Municipal or Commercial Paving Projects, Bridges, Projects
over $6 million, Projects under $6 million, Technical Innovation, and Decorative Concrete
Student chapters sponsored: University of Arkansas at
Fayetteville Student Chapter
Atlantic Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Kevin Joseph Bearnes, President,

+1.902.468.6486 ext. 224, kbearnes@maritimetesting.ca
Bahrain Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Hussain M. Shanaah, President,

+973.39.685727, hmshanaa@gmail.com
British Columbia Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Darlene Lane, +1.604.734.0184, acibcchapter@gmail.com, Vancouver, BC
Meetings/education/social events: monthly dinner meeting
in Vancouver, BC; one technical program per year
ACI certification: Specialty Commercial/Industrial Concrete
Flatwork Finisher, Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I,
80
CSA-Based Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I,

Concrete Construction Special Inspector and Associate
Inspector, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician
Scholarships offered: one $1000 award annually
Carolinas Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: W. Kenneth Johnson Jr., +1.843.723.4539,
kennyj@soilconsultantsinc.com, Charleston, SC
in multiple cities in the Carolinas, four technical programs per
year, annual golf outing
ACI certification: Specialty Commercial/Industrial
Concrete Flatwork Finisher, Concrete Field Testing
Technician Grade I, Concrete Construction Special
Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Flatwork
Finisher/Technician, Concrete Transportation Construction
Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing
Technician, Tilt-Up Technician/Supervisor, Associate
Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector, Concrete
Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate
Testing Technician Level 1 and 2, Aggregate Base Testing
Technician, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Awards program: annual chapter service award in October
Scholarships offered: ACI Barbara S. and W. Calvin McCall
Carolinas Fellowship, one $7000 award annually
Student chapters sponsored: North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, with others
starting soon at University of Southern Carolina, Citadel
Community service: Toys for Tots, Meals on Wheels,
Concrete for a Cure, Future Cities
Central and Southern Mexico Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: DF, Hidalgo, Mexico, Morelos,

Puebla, Tlaxcala, Guanajuato, Quertaro, Michoacn, Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, Yucatn,
Campeche, Quintana Roo
Chapter contact: Arturo Gaytan-Covarrubias,
+52.155.56268374, presidente@acimexico.net, Mexico City,
Mexico DF
Meetings/education/social events: monthly dinner meetings
at various locations, 20 technical programs per year, networking event
Associate Inspector, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician,
Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate
Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Shotcrete
Nozzleman, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2,
Aggregate Testing Technician Level1 and 2
Awards program: Life and Work and National Concrete
Awards, every year at the General Meeting; Life and Work
Chapter Directory
recognizes two outstanding people in the industry; National
Concrete Award honors major contributions and outstanding
development in concrete in Mexico
Scholarships offered: more than five scholarships to take a
certification course
Student chapters sponsored: Autonomous National
University of Mexico (UNAM), Autonomous University
of Guadalajara, Iberoamericana University, Metropolitan
University, Campus Azcapotzalco of Mexico City,
Metropolitan University, Campus Xochimilco of
Mexico City, National Polytechnic Institute, Popular
Autonomous University, Universidad Autnoma del
Estado de Mxico
Central Florida Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Douglas M. Thomas, +1.352.237.5625,
douglasm.thomas@cemex.com, Ocala, FL
at FCPA offices, Orlando, FL; one technical program per year;
annual golf tournament
Scholarships offered: two $1000 to $1500 awards annually
Student chapters sponsored: University of Central Florida
Central New York ACI

Chapter contact: Niel Zuern, +1.315.701.0522, nzuern@
cmeassociate.com, Cicero, NY
Award in 2014: Outstanding Chapter
Meetings/education/social events: monthly dinner
meetings at DoubleTree Hotel, East Syracuse, NY; five
technical programs per year; Design and Installation
Awards Banquet
Concrete Flatwork Finisher, Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I, Concrete Construction Special Inspector and
Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Associate Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector, Concrete
Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate Testing
Technician Level 1 and 2, Aggregate Base Testing
Technician, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Awards program: Central New York ACI Design and
Installation Awards for Excellence in Concrete and Masonry Construction, held each April, with anywhere
between six and 15 awards; projects are judged by a panel
of local design professionals and contractors, the top three
in each category receive bronze, silver, or gold awards, the
other projects receive awards of merit
Central Ohio Chapter ACI
Year established: circa 1960

Chapter contact: David Holtzapple, +1.614.487.1650,
david.holtzapple@korda.com, Columbus, OH
Meetings/education/social events: monthly dinner meetings,

certification training through ORMCA
Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete Strength
Testing Technician, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1
Central Texas Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Greater Austin, Central Texas

Chapter contact: Joe Dan Johnson, +1.512.845.8844, joedanjohnson@gmail.com
in Austin, TX; 10 technical programs per year
Inspector, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete
Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate Testing Technician
Scholarships offered: two $2000 awards annually
Student chapters sponsored: University of Texas at Austin
China Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Zongjin Li, +852.23588751, zongjin@ust.hk,
Hong Kong
in Nanjing, China; two technical programs per year
ACI certification: Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I
Republic of Colombia Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Pedro Nel Quiroga, +57.16683600 ext. 267,
Bogot, Colombia
in Bogot, two to four technical programs per year
Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate Testing
Technician Level 1 and 2, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Student chapters sponsored: Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniera
Concrete Industry Board, a New York Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: New York City and Westchester County

Chapter contact: Lawrence M. Tabat, President,
+1.718.459.4900, lawrence.tabat@arcadis.com, Kew Gardens,
NY
Meetings/education/social events: monthly breakfast
meetings at the New York Athletic Club, monthly technical
programs, biannual Leaders of Industry, annual golf outings
Grade I, Concrete Construction Special Inspector
and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing
Technician, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician
Level 2, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1,
Adhesive Anchor Installer
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Chapter Directory
Awards program: Roger H. Corbetta Awards Program,
presented annually every November; CIB awards
are presented for projects that exemplify excellence
in concrete in their innovation, architectural design,
engineering design, general construction, and workmanship, either individually or in combination; average of
eight awards
Student chapters sponsored: New York City College of
Technology, United States Military Academy at West Point
Costa Rica Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Debra R. Smulski, Executive Director,

+1.302.765.3732, fax +1.302.765.3732, mail@epdaci.org,
Wilmington, DE
Meetings/education/social events: semi-annual dinner at
DoubleTree King of Prussia, technical programs
Grade I, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete
Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Laboratory Testing
Technician Level 1
Awards program: awards given every other year in the spring

Chapter contact: Guillermo Gonzalez, +506.2.5112509,
guillermo.gonzalez@ucr.ac.cr, San Jose, Costa Rica
Meetings/education/social events: two technical programs
per year
Grade I, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete
Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate
Testing Technician Level 1 and 2, Aggregate Base
Testing Technician
Student chapters sponsored: Estudiantil de Universidades
Costarricenses
Ecuador Chapter ACI
Dakota Chapter ACI
Ethiopia Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Damon R. Fick, President,

+1.406.994.6123, damon.fick@ce.montana.edu
Dominican Republic Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Jose Danilo Arzeno, President,

+1.809.696.2703, cygnusb2@hotmail.com
Eastern New York ACI
Geographical territory: Eastern New York from Westchester

to Canada
Chapter contacts: Ron Vaughn, +1.518.283.8637, enyaci@
aol.com, Wynantskill, NY
meetings at NY Materials, Latham, NY; two technical
programs per year
Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2,
Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1 and 2, Adhesive
Anchor Installer, Masonry Field, Masonry Laboratory
Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Northeastern Pennsylvania, Delaware

82
Chapter contact: Guillermo Realpe Rivadeneira, President,

+593.3.803994, grealper@puce.edu.ec
Egypt Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Mohamed Nasser Darwish, President,
+20.35.761412, nassdarwish@yahoo.com
Meetings/education/social events/seminars: meeting
location and time varies, technical events offered
Student chapters sponsored: Arab Academy for Science,
Technology, and Maritime Transport
Chapter contact: Ephraim Senbetta, +251.920.109036,
esenbetta@yahoo.com, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
at a restaurant, one technical program per year, networking
session
Awards program: The Ethiopia Chapter ACI Lifetime
Outstanding Achievement Award given during a half-day
annual workshop to one individual and one company or
organization
Florida First Coast Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Northeast Florida, Southeast

Georgia
Chapter contact: Mark Keister, +1.904.743.4633, m.keister@
aespj.com, Jacksonville, FL
Meetings/education/social events: monthly meetings at the
Haskell Building, 111 Riverside, Jacksonville, FL; one or two
half-day seminars per year
Awards program: Awards for Significant Concrete
Structures, presented annually at awards banquet in
November; between five and eight awards (a plaque
mounted on a concrete base) to the project owner,
architect, structural engineer, contractor, specialty
engineer, and concrete supplier for concrete projects
completed within the past year in the northeast Florida/
southeast Georgia region
Chapter Directory
Student chapters sponsored: University of Florida, University
of North Florida
Geographical territory: Greater Tampa Bay Area
Year established: 1980s
Chapter contact: Stephen West, +1.813.486.8559, sw@
btleng.com, Tampa, FL
Meetings/education/social events: monthly lunch meetings at
various restaurants in Tampa Bay, FL; one technical program per
year; social gatherings during summer months
Awards program: Member of the Year award given annually
in December or January
Student chapters sponsored: University of South Florida,
University of Florida

Meetings/education/social events: monthly lunch meetings at Montgomery Inn, Montgomery, OH; two to three
technical programs per year; golf outing; dinner dance
with spouses
ACI certification: Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade
I, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete Strength
Testing Technician, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1,
Aggregate Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate Base
Testing Technician
Awards program: annual chapter scholarship presented
in June
Scholarships offered: three annual scholarships at $2000,
$1500, $1000
Student chapters sponsored: University of Cincinnati,
Northern Kentucky University
Georgia Chapter ACI
Greater Michigan Chapter ACI
Florida Suncoast Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Elizabeth Harwood, +1.251.487.2404,
eharwood@gaconcrete.org, Atlanta, GA
in the Atlanta metro area, one technical program per year, Dan
R. Brown ACI Awards Banquet
Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2,
Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1 and 2, Aggregate
Base Testing Technician, Adhesive Anchor Installer,
Masonry Field, Masonry Laboratory
Awards program: annual Dan R. Brown ACI Awards
Program (first place, outstanding achievement award, and
award of excellence) presented in January; award categories
include high-rise, low-rise, mid-rise, parking deck, public
works (education), public works (general), restoration,
industrial, paving, special
Scholarships offered: Robert H. Kuhlman Student Scholarship at $5000 and LaGrit F. Sam Morris Student Scholarship at $2500, given annually
Student chapters sponsored: Southern Polytechnic State
University
Ghana Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Ebenezer Dzabaku, President,

+233.02.46.257176, gecamsuperior@yahoo.com
Greater Miami Valley Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Southwest Ohio, Northern Kentucky, Eastern Indiana

Chapter contact: John Davidson, +1.513.607.9921, concreteman8143@gmail.com
Geographical territory: Michigan east of US 127, Michigan

Upper Peninsula, Essex County Ontario
Chapter contact: Tony Johnson, +1.248.726.0500, administrator@acigmc.org, Rochester Hills, MI
Meetings/education/social events: monthly dinner meeting
at various locations, one technical program per year, summer
Detroit Tigers game and annual holiday party
ACI certification: Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician,
Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Adhesive Anchor
Installer
Awards program: Moy Award presented annually, one
personal recognition and honorary membership award for
advancement of concrete technology
Student chapters sponsored: Lawrence Technological
University
Guatemala Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Luis Alvarez Valencia, Chapter President,
+502.2413.3565, lalvarez@iccg.org.gt, Guatemala City,
Guatemala; Xiomara Sapn Roldn, Secretary Chapter,
+502.2413.3565, xsapon@iccg.org.gt, Guatemala City,
Guatemala
Meetings/education/social events: annual breakfast
meetings in Guatemala City, three technical programs
per year, National Congress for Architecture and Civil
Engineering Students
Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate Testing
Technician Level 1
Awards program: annual National Concrete of Cylinders
Competition in October; first-, second-, third-place winners
83
Chapter Directory
Chapter contact: Kostas I. Koutsoupias, President,

+30.21.08010852, koutsoupiask@gmail.com
Meetings/education/social events: biweekly breakfast

meetings at various locations, five technical programs per
year, scholarship golf outing, cosponsor baseball outing
Testing Technician
Awards program: Annual Indiana Chapter ACI 2014 Awards
Program in April; categories: Commercial I and II, Healthcare, Life Sciences, Public Works, Transportation I and II,
Institutional and Cultural, Special Structures, Sustainable
Concrete Construction, Project of the Year
Scholarships offered: three awards annually at $3000, $2000,
$1000
Student chapters sponsored: Purdue University
Houston Chapter ACI
Indonesia Chapter ACI
receive registration to the Field Testing Technician Certification, Grade I; Annual National Competition for Investigation
in Concrete Award Emilio Beltranena; first-, second-,
third-place winners
Student chapters sponsored: Universidad Rafael
Landivar-Campus Quetzaltenango, Universidad
Rafael Ladivar-Campus Central, Universidad de
San Carlos de Guatemala, Centro Universitario
de Occidente, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala,
Universidad Galileo de Guatemala
Hellas Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: James Herring, President, +1.713.277.4818,
james.herring@hdsupply.com
Meetings/education/social events: six general meetings per
year, annual sporting clays tournament in October
Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Laboratory
Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate Testing Technician
Level 1 and 2
Scholarships: two offered
Student chapters sponsored: University of Houston
Illinois Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Joni L. Jones, President, +1.847.972.3128,

jljones@ctlgroup.com
India Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: India Chapter ACI, +91.22.24469175,
+91.22.24460760, infoicaci@gmail.com, Mumbai
in Mumbai, two or more technical programs per year, hosting
guests from international chapters for interactions over
dinners, giving prizes to first three rank holders in construction supervisor course
Awards program: Annual Life Time Achievement
Award in Construction Industry to six senior members
in December
Student chapters sponsored: MEFGI Rajkot Campus,
Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Institute of Technology
Indiana Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Tom Grisinger, +1.317.409.3218, tgrisinger@lehighcement.com, Fishers, IN
84
Chapter contact: Prof. Tavio, President, +62.08.16.537135,

tavio_w@yahoo.com, tavio@its.ac.id
Intermountain Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Utah, Southern Idaho, Western

Wyoming, Southwestern Montana
Chapter contact: Tammy Meldrum, +1.801.250.3444,
director@aciintermountain.com
at various locations, two to three technical programs per year,
golf tournament
Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1 and 2, Adhesive
Anchor Installer
Awards program: Excellence in Concrete annually in
February/March, the number of awards vary, 21 projects
awarded in 2014
Scholarships offered: more than five $1000 to $2000 awards
annually
Student chapters sponsored: University of Utah
Iowa Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Steve Mallicoat, +1.515.689.7582, smallicoat@iowareadymix.org, Ankeny, IA
Meetings/education/social events: breakfast, lunch, and
dinner meetings held weekly, biweekly, monthly, quarterly,
semi-annually, and annually in Des Moines, four technical
programs per year, project site visits
Student chapters sponsored: Iowa State University
Iraq Chapter ACI
Chapter Directory
Chapter contact: Ali N. Attiyah, +964.780.103.5528, alin.
diebil@uokufa.edu.iq, Najaf, Iraq
(first meeting at Baghdad and others are via Skype), 12 technical
programs per year
Awards program: annual student project competition at the
end of academic year in May, one competition organized for
senior students at Iraqi universities
Israeli Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Eliezer Shamir, +97.23.5706886, shair@

spb.co.il, Tel Aviv, Israel
Italy Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Cimmino Maddalena, +39.081.768.3669,
aciitalychapter@gmail.com, Naples, Italy
Meetings/education/social events: quarterly lunch
meetings; two technical programs per year; workshops:
International workshop on Durability and Sustainability of
Concrete Structures (DSCS 2015 October 1-3, 2015,
Bologna, Italy)
Awards program: PhD Students Award Innovation in
Concrete Structures and Cementitious Materials (October) for
the best Italian PhD theses
Kansas Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: William Owings III, Chapter President,
+1.913.281.0666, rustyowings@geigerreadymix.com, Kansas
City, KS
Meetings/education/social events: quarterly dinner meetings
at various locations, three to four technical programs per year,
Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Tilt-Up
Technician/Supervisor, Associate Concrete Transportation
Construction Inspector, Aggregate Testing Technician
Awards program: Annual Concrete Construction Awards
in February, categories include: Low-Rise Buildings,
High-Rise Buildings, Flatwork, Infrastructure, Decorative,
Repair/Restoration
Scholarships offered: three $1000 awards annually
Student chapters sponsored: Kansas State University,
University of Kansas
Kentucky Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Kentucky, Indiana

Chapter contact: Shannon D. Stucker, +1.812.923.9895,

sstucker@amlinc.net, Floyds Knobs, IN
at Oxmoor Country Club, 9000 Limehouse Ln, Louisville,
KY; one to two technical programs per year; holiday events
Kuala Lumpur Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Hock Lim, President,+60.377822996, leh@

zacklim.com
Kuwait Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Middle East

Chapter contact: Moetaz El-Hawary, +965.66016630,
hmoetaz@yahoo.com, Kuwait City, Kuwait
at Al Jazeera Consulting office, five to six technical programs
per year, annual dinner, field trips, social camp
Awards program: Annual Awards Banquet, held in May,
Award of Excellence (given to a distinguished project), Award
of Achievement (given to a distinguished personality)
Community service: open free seminars, technical support
Las Vegas Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Southern Nevada, Elko, King

County Arizona
Chapter contact: Dawn Miller, Executive Director,
+1.702.656.8827, acilasvegas@earthlink.net, Las Vegas, NV
at Sierra Gold; educational/technical program the first
Tuesday of January, March, May, September, October;
Annual Las Vegas Chapter ACI Golf Tournament is held
every August
Associate Concrete Transportation Construction Inspector,
Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2,
Base Testing Technician, Adhesive Anchor Installer,
Masonry Field, Masonry Laboratory
Awards program: Las Vegas Chapter Excellence in Concrete
Awards; the awards program will be revived in 2015 in order
for local projects to participate in the ACI International
Project Awards.
Student chapters sponsored: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Lebanon Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Khaled Awad, +961.1753100, kawad@
acts-int.com, Beirut, Lebanon
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Chapter Directory
in Beirut, Lebanon; 10 technical programs per year; conferences, seminars
Awards program: Student CompetitionACI Art
of Concrete during conferences, first-place winners
receive a trip to attend the ACI Fall convention, cash
awards to second- and third-place winners
Student chapters sponsored: Lebanon Student Chapter
ACI
Louisiana Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Jackie Sempel, +1.504.486.5901, jsempel@
bkiusa.com, New Orleans, LA
at the office of Burk-Kleinpeter, Inc.; six technical programs
per year; annual banquet
Finisher/Technician, Concrete Transportation
Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector,
Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate
Testing Technician Level 1, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Awards program: Best Concrete Projects 2014 Awards
Competition held in January; the chapter gives a variety
of awards out each year depending on what is submitted
into the competition; five judges determine if each
project submitted is worthy of a Merit Award or an
Excellence Award, then one overall winner is chosen
to receive the Best Concrete Project Award; judges
may also hand out special recognition awards, such as
Sustainability or Technical Excellence Awards
Scholarships offered: one per year
Student chapters sponsored: University of New Orleans,
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Community service: Kits For Kids educational concrete
project at local schools
Manitoba Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Robert Taylor, +1.204.453.2301, rtaylor@
dillon.ca, Manitoba, Canada
Meetings/education/social events: monthly dinner
meetings at the Norwood Hotel, Winnipeg; one to two
technical programs per year; annual golf tournament
ACI certification: CSA-Based Concrete Field Testing
Technician Grade I, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician,
CSA-Based Concrete Construction Inspector and InspectorIn-Training
Student chapters sponsored: Red River Community
College, University of Manitoba
86
Maryland Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: All of Maryland, except Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties
Chapter contact: Tom Evans, +1.301.694.4899, tom@
marylandconcrete com, Frederick, MD
Meetings/education/social events: quarterly breakfast
meetings in Frederick and Baltimore, MD; two technical
programs per year
Technician Grade I, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/
Technician, Concrete Strength Testing Technician,
Tilt-Up Technician/Supervisor, Concrete Laboratory
Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Awards program: Excellence in Concrete Awards Banquet,
held annually in May, awards are given out of a possible
12categories
Mid-America Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: West Tennessee, North Mississippi,

East Arkansas
Chapter contact: Waudell T. Yarbro, President,
+1.901.484.9190, drag.yarbro@basf.com
Middle Tennessee Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: W.T. Drag Yarbro, +1.901.484.9190;
drag.yarbro@basf.com, Memphis, TN
Mid-South Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Mississippi

Chapter contact: Harry Lee James, +1.601.957.5274,
hjames@mississippiconcrete.com, Ridgeland, MS
Meetings/education/social events: semi-annual lunch
meetings in Ridgeland, MS; one technical program per year
Minnesota Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Jacki Kurshoff, Business Administrator,
+1.651.270.8101, jacki.kurshoff@charter.net, Lakeville, MN
Missouri Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Dave Rylance, +1.816.812.8316, drylance@kcflyash.com, Sugar Creek, MO
at various locations; annual meeting and luncheon in Rolla,
MO; one to two technical programs per year; happy hours in
partnership with St. Louis Concrete Council
Chapter Directory
ACI certification: Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade
I, Concrete Construction Special Inspector and Associate
Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1 and 2, Aggregate Base Testing Technician,
Awards program: Missouri Chapter ACI Project of the
Year, chapter does not host an award program, but does select
a project of the year from the projects submitted for an award
as part of the St. Louis Concrete Councils Quality Concrete
Awards Annual Banquet, held in November
Scholarships offered: four $2500 awards annually
Student chapters sponsored: Missouri S&T, University of
MissouriKansas City, University of Missouri, Southern
Illinois University at Edwardsville
Community service: judging of a St. Louis, MO, regional
science fair
Mongolia Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Duinkherjav Yagaanbuyant, Director,
+976.99177516, daamt@must.edu.mn, daamts@yahoo.com
Meetings/education/social events: annual dinner
meeting at the Mongolian University of Science and
Technology Ulaanbaatar, two to three technical seminars
per year
Awards program: Student paper competition and big
beam competition during the annual dinner, three awards:
1st place 700,000 MNT; 2nd place 500,000 MNT; 3rd place
300,000 MNT
Northern California and Western Nevada Chapter

ACI
Geographical territory: California, Oregon border to

Bakersfield, Reno/Sparks/Carson City area of NV, including
the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, Sacramento, Redding
Chapter contact: Michelle Miki Craig, Business Administrative Manager, +1.925.200.6072, admin@aci-ncawnv.org,
Elk Grove, CA
in various locations, one to two technical programs per year,
holiday social event in December, spring golf tournament
Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Tilt-Up Technician/
Supervisor, Shotcrete Nozzleman, Concrete Laboratory
Level 1 and 2, Aggregate Base Testing Technician, Adhesive

Anchor Installer
Awards program: Annual ACI Construction Awards, held in
November, one award presented in five categories: architectural, structural, construction, unique use of concrete, green/
environmental; entries submitted August to October
Scholarships offered: monetary support provided for student
participation in competitions and chapter activities
Student chapters sponsored: San Jose State University,
California State University-Chico
National Capital Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Washington, DC, surrounding counties

Chapter contact: Don Kline, +1.703.331.1284, dkline@
klineengineered.com, Manassas, VA
at the Crowne Plaza Tysons Corner, VA; one technical
program per year; golf tournament
Grade I, CSA-Based Concrete Field Testing Technician
Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician
Awards program: Student Awards Banquet in April and
Project Awards Banquet in May, scholarships provided to
the outstanding student in civil engineering at four local
universities, grants provided to two local concrete canoe
teams, plaques are provided to honor the outstanding
projects in the area
Nebraska Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Jereme Montgomery, +1.402.432.8883,
jereme@nebrconcagg.com, Lincoln, NE
meetings in Omaha/Lincoln/Kearney, NE; eight technical
programs per year; Annual Awards Banquet
Testing Technician
Awards program: Nebraska Chapter ACI Annual Awards
of Excellence in January or February; projects are awarded
in two categories: Outstanding Achievement and Award
of Excellence; projects must be noteworthy for their use
of concrete; concrete may be precast, prestressed, cast-inplace, tilt-up, concrete masonry; special uses of concrete
or innovative concrete construction techniques will
be recognized
Scholarships offered: two $1500 awards annuallyone
undergraduate and one graduate scholarship
Student chapters sponsored: University of Nebraska at
Kearney
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Chapter Directory
New England Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Douglas J. Smith, President,

+1.508.728.7145, smith.doug@us.sika.com
New Jersey Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Dianne Johnston, Executive Director,
+1.732.940.1803, djnjaci@aol.com, North Brunswick, NJ
in various locations in Central New Jersey, one to two
technical programs per year, annual golf outing in June
Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2,
Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1, Adhesive
Anchor Installer
Awards program: Annual New Jersey Concrete Awards Dinner
every May, a panel of industry judges selects a Grand Award
winner and Merit Award winners in various categories, along
with a Green Apple Award for an environmentally friendly
project, merit awards average around 12 to 15 each year
Scholarships offered: up to $5000 for the William S. Phelan
Civil Engineering Scholarship, and multiple $500 to $1500
scholarships awarded in June
Student chapters sponsored: New Jersey Institute of
Technology
New Mexico Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Bill Barringer, +1.505.235.3490, joy2bill@
aol.com, Albuquerque, NM
Award in 2014: Excellent Chapter Award
at the Nativo Lodge, Annual Dinner
Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Associate Concrete
Transportation Construction Inspector, Concrete Laboratory
Level 1
Awards program: Excellence in Concrete, Annual Dinner,
seven categories
Northeast Mexico Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Nuevo Len, Coahuila, Tamaulipas

Chapter contact: Alejandro Durn-Herrera, +81.83524969,
alejandro.duranhr@uanl.edu.mx
88

at the Civil Engineering Institute, San Nicolas de los Garza,
Nuevo Len, Mxico; one to two technical programs per year;
Board holiday party-dinner
Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate
Testing Technician Level 1
Awards program: Premio a la excelencia (Excellence
Award), annually, for individuals whose career shows
outstanding actions in benefit of the concrete construction
industry and who had a distinguished career that can be
referenced as an example for present and future generations;
Dr. Raymundo Rivera Villarreal Award, annually, for
individuals who have made significant contributions in
support to teaching, dissemination of knowledge, and
research in concrete technology; Distinguished Young
Member Award, every 2 years, for SNEM-ACI members
with a maximum age of 35 years at the time of their
nomination who have made significant nonprofit
contributions in benefit of the concrete construction industry
Student chapters sponsored: ACI-FIC-UANL, UAC, ITLP
Northeast Ohio Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Mike A. Carr, President, +1.440.232.3700
Northwest Ohio Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Wayne Moening, +1.419.523.4839,

wayne@ohioconcrete.org, Ottawa, OH
Northeast Texas Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Robert L. Henry, +1.817.355.0313,
henryrs@att.net, Colleyville, TX
Meetings/education/social events: biweekly lunch
meetings at Texas Star Golf Course, Euless, TX; one
to two technical programs per year; summer meeting site
visits; November meeting banquet with entertainment
and spouses
Technician Grade I, CSA-Based Concrete Field Testing
Finisher/Technician, Concrete Transportation Construction
Inspector and Associate Inspector, CSA-Based Concrete
Construction Inspector and Inspector-In-Training, Concrete
Strength Testing Technician, Tilt-Up Technician/Supervisor, Shotcrete Nozzleman, Concrete Laboratory Testing
Technician Level 2, Aggregate Testing Technician
Level 1 and 2, Aggregate Base Testing Technician,
Awards program: annual November meeting, scholarship
presentations
Chapter Directory
Scholarships offered: more than five $1000 to $2000 awards
annually
Partnership: French Academic Association of Civil Engineering
Oklahoma Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Julio E. Davis, President, +507.3964668,

jdavis@apacreto.org

Chapter contact: Tim Meltabarger, +1.405.641.2174, tmelt@
jaokc.com, Oklahoma City, OK
in Oklahoma City; nine technical programs per year
Ontario Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Alain Belanger, +1.416.245.4720, abelanger@nca.ca, Toronto, ON, Canada
at Mississauga Grand Banquet Hall and Strates Restaurant,
one technical program per year, golf tournament, Fall Concrete Seminar
Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician
Awards program: Ontario Concrete Awards, Architectural
Flooring or Hardscape
Scholarships offered: four $500 awards and one $1000
award annually
Student chapters sponsored: University of Waterloo
Oregon Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Oregon and Southwest Washington

Chapter contact: Jane Ellsworth, +1.503.753.3075, oaci@
comcast.net, Portland, OR
at the Spaghetti Factory, two technical programs per year,
ACI certification: Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician,
Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Shotcrete Nozzleman,
Awards program: Excellence in Concrete, held April/May,
with 13 to 16 categories and one winner of each category, one
lifetime achievement award to an individual
Pakistan Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Sahibzada F.A. Rafeeqi, President,

+92.21.9261261, srafeeqi@yahoo.com
Paris Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: France, Belgium, Switzerland

Chapter contact: Francois Toutlemonde, President,
+33.1.81668397, francois.toutlemonde@ifsttar.fr, Marne-laVallee, France
Meetings/education/social events: one to two technical seminars per year
Awards program: ACI Excellence in Concrete Construction
Award at the end of the year
Panama Chapter ACI
Peru Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Luis Flores Tantalen, +51.12433212,
lflores@constructorarf.com.pe, Lima, Peru
at the office of a Peru Chapter ACI Director, four technical
programs per year, year-end event for a charity
Awards program: Concrete Annual Competition for Peru ACI
Student Chapters, held in November, featuring a controlled
concrete strength competition, concrete art competition, and a
contest on concrete innovation
Student chapters sponsored: Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniera, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias, Universidad Privada del Norte,
Universidad Ricardo Palma
Philippines Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Nathaniel B. Diola, +63.29759294, nbdiola@gmail.com, Quezon City, Philippines
at University Hotel, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City; two technical programs per year
Student chapters sponsored: Mapua Student Chapter ACI,
Mapua Institute of Technology
Pittsburgh Area Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Western Pennsylvania, parts of

Eastern Ohio, Northern West Virginia
Chapter contact: Beth Rader, +1.724.452.1468, bethaci@
verizon.net
at Domenicos Restaurant, Cranberry Township, PA; one
technical program per year; annual outing to a Pittsburgh
Pirates game
Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete Strength Testing
Technician, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1 and2
Awards program: Pittsburgh ACI Annual Awards Banquet
held every April, Tink Bryan Award was established in 1999 in
honor of an outstanding individual who is dedicated to family,
business, and the concrete industry
Scholarships offered: three $2000 to $3000 awards annually
Student chapters sponsored: Pennsylvania State University,
University of Pittsburgh
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Chapter Directory

Chapter contact: Manuel Cortes, President,
+1.787.454.1363, mannixx7777@aol.com, San Juan, PR
in San Juan, six technical seminars per year
Student chapters sponsored: Polytechnic University of
Puerto Rico
Qatar Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: Khalid Al Emadi, President, +974.4950020;

kalemadi@ashghal.gov.qa
Quebec and Eastern Ontario Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Pierre-Louis Maillard, Montral, QC, Canada,
+1.514.678.8247, aciquebec@hotmail.com, ww.aciquebec.com
at various locations in the Greater Montreal area, three
technical programs per year, annual dinner followed by
Chapter annual meeting
ACI certification: CSA-Based Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I, CSA-Based Concrete Construction Inspector
and Inspector-In-Training
Awards program: ACI Quebec and Eastern Ontario Merit
Award, for an outstanding contribution to the concrete industry,
and ACI-QC/CAC Recognition Award, given to a professional
for a project where concrete was successfully used; presented at
the Progress in Concrete Annual Symposium
Scholarships offered: four awards annually ($3000 for
masters degree and $4000 for PhD)
Student chapters sponsored: Universit de Sherbrooke,
McGill University
Community service: sponsorship of student events such as
National Canadian Concrete Canoe Competition and other
concrete-related events when they are hosted in Quebec and
Eastern Ontario Region
Rocky Mountain Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Colorado

Chapter contact: Dawn Miller, Executive Director,
+1.702.203.7817, rmaci@earthlink.net, Denver, CO
at Lakewood Golf Course, Colorado Concrete Conference
held every September, the Jean-Claude Roumain Memorial
Golf Tournament held every May to fund the Rocky Mountain Chapter ACI student scholarship program, annual
chapter dinner in December
ACI certification: Shotcrete Nozzleman, Adhesive Anchor
Installer, Masonry Field, Masonry Laboratory
Awards program: Rocky Mountain Chapter ACI Awards
Program in April recognizes major achievements in concrete
90
construction; 14 categories including water resources,

transportation, repair/restoration, public building, and unique
use of concrete; Judges Award and Outstanding Project of
the Year award are also presented; the project team that
submitted the nomination receives a Rocky Mountain Chapter
ACI awards plaque
Scholarships offered: four $500 to $2000 awards annually
San Antonio Chapter ACI
Chapter contact: John R. Fuentes, President,

+1.210.336.2098, fuentesr@vmcmail.com
San Diego International Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: San Diego and Mexico

Chapter contact: Heather Caya, +1.619.579.1940,
concreteaci@cox.net, Santee, CA
at Handlery Hotel, seven to nine technical programs per year,
free social event in July at a local restaurant
Grade I, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician, Concrete
Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate
Nozzleman, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician
Level 2, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1 and 2,
Awards program: Concrete Awards, every other year;
project categories are commercial/industrial building,
residential building structure, transportation/infrastructure, military or other public project, architectural
concrete, architectural concrete flatwork, art in concrete,
innovation of concrete, concrete sustainability or
LEED application
Student chapters sponsored: University of California-San
Diego, San Diego State University Concrete Canoe
Community service: Wounded Warrior
Saskatchewan Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Matt Gruza, +1.306.220.4432, Saskatoon,
SK, Canada
Meetings/education/social events: semi-annual dinner
meetings at the University of Saskatchewan, College of
Engineering
ACI certification: CSA-Based Concrete Field Testing
Technician Grade I
Saudi Arabia Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Maher A. Bader +966.505862278,
maherbader@gmail.com and aci-sac@kfupm.edu.sa, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Chapter Directory
Meetings/education/social events: quarterly dinner
meetings at Le Meridian Hotel in Al-Khobar, 10 to 15
technical programs per year, ACI training provided to
civil engineers
Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate
Testing Technician Level 1 and 2
Student chapters sponsored: KFUPM ACI Student Chapter
Community service: consult on ACI publications for local
engineers and provide information when requested
Singapore Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Lu Jin Ping, +65.63629066, jinping@
concrete.org.sg
in Singapore, eight technical programs per year, evening talks
Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician
Awards program: Annual Concrete Project Competition
in August; this competition seeks to facilitate the progress
of local concrete industry toward the innovation and
application of high-quality concrete materials, technology,
construction, and civil engineering practices; six prizes
will be presented from S$100 to 1000
Scholarships offered: more than five S$20,000 awards annually
Community service: support and sponsor yearly conference
on Our World in Concrete and Construction
South Florida Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Palm Beach, Broward, Dade,

Monroe counties
Chapter contact: Rafael Jimenez, +1.407.310.9655,
acisouthflorida@gmail.com, Fort Lauderdale, FL
at various locations, six technical programs per year, end-ofyear holiday social
Student chapters sponsored: Florida International University
South Texas Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: South Texas Laredo

Chapter contact: Richard Linn, +1.956.873.2967,
richardcrm1@cs.com, San Benito, TX
Meetings/education/social events: two technical seminars
per year
ACI certification: Speciality Commercial/Industrial
Finisher/Technician
Scholarships: one $1000 award annually
Southern California Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: South of the north boundaries of

San Luis Obispo, Ventura, Los Angeles and San Bernardino
counties and north of the south boundaries of Orange and
Riverside counties
Chapter contact: Heather Caya, +1.877.562.2241, aciscc@
cox.net, Santee, CA
in Orange and Los Angeles counties, five technical programs
per year, golf tournament, membership drives
Flatwork Finisher, Concrete Field Testing Technician
Grade I, Concrete Construction Special Inspector and Asso
ciate Inspector, Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician,
Nozzleman, Associate Concrete Transportation Construction
Inspector, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2,
Base Testing Technician
Awards program: Pankow Awards, held in November;
recognizes outstanding and innovative use of concrete in
construction, categories include outstanding achievement and
excellence in concrete construction, outstanding performance
in design and engineering, innovative use of concrete in
construction, excellence in environmental use of concrete,
excellent use of concrete in residential construction, and
decorative use of concrete in construction; one project of
outstanding merit receives the distinguished Charles J.
Pankow Jr. Award
Scholarships offered: two $5000 and one $1000 awards
annually
Community service: support of the concrete canoe competition
Taiwan Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Taiwan

Chapter contact: Wen-Chen Jau, +886.3.5715255, jau@cc.
nctu.edu.tw, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan; two technical seminars per year; social
events and annual convention with Taiwan Concrete Institute
ACI certification: Concrete Strength Testing Technician,
Community service: Design code for concrete structures
Thailand Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Southeast Asia, Thailand

Chapter contact: Chai Jaturapitakkul, Vice President,
+66.29356593, thaitca@gmail.com, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chapter Directory
at Thailand Concrete Association Meeting Room, 20 technical
seminars per year
Chapter contact: Elias Boutros Sayah, +97.126269221,

ebsayah@emirates.net.ae, ebsayah@eim.ae
Transportation Construction Inspector and Associate Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Aggregate Testing
Technician Level 1, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Awards program: Cosponsor of Washington area Excellence
in Concrete Construction Awards, held in May, recognizes
the professional accomplishments in the outstanding use of
ready mixed concrete throughout Washington; entries are
judged by an independent panel of industry professionals
comprising previous award winners; awards are presented to
the owner, architect, contractor, structural engineer, concrete
contractor, and ready mixed concrete supplier
Scholarships offered: Concrete Canoe competitions
UAE-Dubai Chapter ACI
Western New York Chapter ACI
Turkey Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Tumer Akakin, President,
+90.21.63229670, tumer.akakin@thbb.org
UAE-Abu Dhabi ACI

Chapter contact: Fouad Yazbeck, +97.1504418842,
fyazbeck@eim.ae, Abu Dhabi, UAE
at the American University of Dubai, also conducts technical
programs
Virginia Chapter ACI
Geographical territory: Virginia, excluding Alexandria,

Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William
Chapter contact: William P. Gaspar, +1.804.543.4417,
wgaspar@moseleyarchitects.com, Richmond, VA
in Richmond, VA; four technical programs per year
Flatwork Finisher, CSA-Based Concrete Field Testing Tech
nician Grade I, Concrete Construction Special Inspector and
Inspector, Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete
Laboratory Testing Technician Level 2, Aggregate Testing
Technician Level 1 and 2, Adhesive Anchor Installer
Awards program: Commonwealth Awards, held every March
presented to the project which epitomizes the most unique and
effective use of concrete
Washington Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Bruce Chattin, Chapter Managing Director,
+1.206.878.1622, bchattin@washingtonconcrete.org; Nikki Blase,
Member Services Director, nblase@washingtonconcrete.org
at various locations, nine technical programs per year, annual
golf tournament with affiliated associations, workshops
92
Year established: 1970s

Chapter contact: Mark J. Mancuso, President,
+1.585.739.0265, mmancuso@dolomitegroup.com
Meetings/education/social events: four to six educational
luncheons and/or social events from mid-fall through early
spring, along with an annual golf tournament in the summer
and the annual awards banquet in the spring
ACI certification: various certifications offered throughout
the year
Awards program: Annual Awards Program in the spring
Community service: Funds raised at annual Ray Kron
Memorial Golf Tournament benefiting the National Society
ofAutism
West Michigan Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Dave Moore, +1.616.293.4872, dmoore@
grgravel.com
Meetings/education/social events: seven technical programs (four
in winter and early spring, three in fall) at the Prince Conference
Center, holiday party, golf outing, sporting clays event
ACI certification: Concrete Flatwork Finisher/Technician
Wisconsin Chapter ACI

Chapter contact: Jeffery R. Anderson, +1.414.397.8966,
janderson@888geotest.com, West Allis, WI
at the Machine Shed, Pewaukee, WI, and the Brew Hauz,
Delafield, WI; eight technical programs per year; 30-minute
social event before each dinner and a summer event at a
baseball game
ACI certification: Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician
Level 2, Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1, Adhesive
Anchor Installer
Awards program: Orton Spanley Award, awarded at the
annual meeting, in recognition of individuals who have
distinguished themselves through their achievements and
contributions to the concrete industry in Wisconsin
Products &
Practice
TAKTL Panels
TAKTL Panels are reinforced with alkali-resistant (AR) glass fiber and two layers of AR glass fiber mesh. Ultra-highperformance concrete (UHPC) panels are cast using a proprietary, automated production process into molds that yield an
intrinsic pattern and finish. Also, special surface effects can be created with aggregates and/or a variety of media-blasting
techniques in an automated, enclosed blasting line. There are nine standard textures, two specialty aggregate combinations,
and 10 standard colors available in sizes up to 4 x 10 ft (1 x 3 m), with final mold size selected by project to minimize waste.
TAKTL, www.taktl-llc.com
Air-Shield Liquid Flashing
W. R. Meadows Air-Shield Liquid Flashing is a high-quality,

gun-grade, low-odor, elastomeric, polyether liquid-applied
flashing and detailing membrane. It bonds to most construction materials, such as aluminum, brick, concrete, wood,
vinyl, and exterior gypsum board. This general-purpose
membrane is used to seal rough openings and detail joints
between exterior gypsum boards. Air-Shield Liquid Flashing
is designed for window and door flashing applications and is
compatible with the entire line of W. R. Meadows Air-Shield
air, vapor, and liquid moisture barriers.
W. R. Meadows, www.wrmeadows.com
Stone-Crete
Stone-Crete, available through Euclid Chemicals decorative

concrete product line Increte, is a form liner system that
delivers the aesthetics of quarried stone and the strength of
concrete. Deep relief patterns and Incretes patented removable
keystone provide the seamless look of authentic hand-laid
stone. High-reuse urethane rubber allows for cost-effective
and efficient installation that works with most forming and tie
systems. It can be used for structural walls, foundations,
bridges, knee and retaining walls, ICF structures, or any
application requiring the look of stone.
The Euclid Chemical Company, www.increte.com
Krytonite Swelling Waterstop
Kryton International, Inc.s Krytonite is a swelling waterstop that is part of a dampproof joint design, combining
both swelling waterbar with crystalline technology to provide protection for concrete construction joints against
penetration of water. Its synthetic rubber technology swells and produces swelling pressure to withstand extreme
hydrostatic pressure. Krytonite provides superior swelling performance even when exposed to salt water or when used
in chloride- or sulfate-contaminated soils. It is specially engineered so that swelling action occurs after concrete has
gained sufficient strength to resist the swelling pressure created. Krytonites trapezoidal shape helps it resist being
dislodged by falling concrete or shotcrete. It is a bright yellow color, making inspection and verification easy.
Kryton International, Inc., www.kryton.com
93
Products & Practice

Permacolor Select
Laticretes Permacolor Select is a dispersible

pigment grout solution. It comes in two parts: a
color kit and Permacolor Select Base powder.
The process of preparing the grout begins with
the Color Kits dispersible pigment packets.
When added to water, these packets dissolve like
laundry or dishwasher packets. When the
neutrally colored base is added to the pigmentwater mixture, a color-consistent grout is formed
that does not require sealing. Permacolor Select
is available in all 40 existing Laticrete grout
color options.
Laticrete, www.laticrete.com
Work Zone Cam Construction Webcam
Work Zone Cam, supplier of digital SLR construction cameras,

announced its new 18 megapixel (MP) webcam. Users are able to
transfer high-definition images to their own computer without a
monthly service fee. Wireless and solar options make it easier to
install a jobsite camera anywhere. The hosting service includes
secure image storage, an online viewer interface, public webpage,
mobile support, and instant time-lapse movies. The new HTML5
interface allows fast image loading and the ability to be responsive
in multiple browsers such as Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome,
and iOS and Android mobile operating systems. With the new
Work Zone Cam software, users can choose from multiple templates, including three new customizable interfaces; edit the
cameras public page; and see the changes immediately. Users
can also promote a project with added share options for Facebook
and Twitter.
Work Zone Cam, www.workzonecam.com
Penetron Helps Bring in the Copper at Sierra Gorda
Soilmec Pile-Driving Kit for SC-90

Crane
Soilmec provides a pile-driving kit fully

integrated with the Soilmec SC-90 crane with a
custom vertical travel lead (VTL) system. The
kit consists of a VTL, hydraulic spotter, and a
diesel or hydraulic hammer. The lead column is
typically 75 to 98 ft (23 to 30 m) high, but it can
be extended to 131 ft (40 m) for downhole
hammers. Using the 98 ft lead column and an
elevated vertical lift, the SC-90 can reach a
maximum pile depth of 72 ft (22 m). Soilmecs
Drilling Mate System (DMS) is also integrated
into the pile-driving kit, allowing users to
monitor various pile-driving parameters,
including batter position, verticality, and
delivered energy.
Soilmec, www.soilmecna.com
Seawater is transported to the Sierra Gorda mine in the Atacama Desert in Chile, one of the largest mines in the world, to
help eliminate dust and process copper ore. Penetron technology ensures the pipelines and seawater storage structures
remain intact and durable. This open-pit mine produces copper, molybdenum, and gold ore. The Sierra Gorda mine uses
seawater captured from the cooling systems of the Mejillones thermal electrical power plant, located on the coast of Chile.
Instead of being discharged into the ocean, the seawater is transported inland to the mine through a pipeline. At full production
levels, the Sierra Gorda mine will use over 250 million L (66 million gal.) of water daily. Penetron Chile worked with the
general contractor on the optimal concrete mixture for the pipeline, seawater storage tanks, and seawater processing
structures. Penetron Admix was added to over 60,000 m3 (78,500 yd3) of concrete and Penetron was applied to 6000 m2
(64,500 ft2) of concrete for the pipelines.
Penetron, www.penetron.com
94
Products & Practice

Web Notes
KEIM Launched New, Improved Website
A new and improved website was designed to give users greater and
more intuitive access to information about KEIMs mineral silicate stain,
finish, and repair solutions. Easy navigation allows users to find products
based on masonry surface or project requirements and access technical
data and specifications. Users can view projects and search by location,
product, or type of project.
KEIM, www.keim.com
Book Notes
Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities

After Disasters
Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and
novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents.
This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health
considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are
leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health-improvement priorities to meet human recovery needs and
create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented lays the groundwork to achieve
this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery.
Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate
recovery strategies that optimize community health.
The National Academies Press, www.nap.edu
Price: $71.95; 600 pp.; ISBN: 9780309371933
Products&Service
Literature&Videos
Structural Concrete Alliance New Technical Notes
The Structural Concrete Alliance, which brings together the Concrete Repair Association (CRA), Corrosion Prevention
Association (CPA), and Sprayed Concrete Association (SCA), has added to its library of guidance documents with the publication
of three new Technical Notes. A new CRA document provides advice on coating and protecting concrete in accordance with
BS EN 1504; while the CPA has issued guidance on the use of cathodic protection systems in the form of Technical Note 22:
Cathodic protection for buried & immersed structures, and Technical Note 23: Cathodic protection for new structures. Coating
and protecting concrete in accordance with BS EN 1504 explains the mechanisms for concrete deterioration and provides
advice on available materials and coating application methods. The CPAs Technical Note 22 offers advice on cathodic
protection for buried and immersed structures. Technical Note 23 highlights the increasing use of such systems for new
structures in particularly corrosive environments, or where longevity and guaranteed durability are of particular importance.
Both CPA documents are available for free download from the CPA website, www.corrosionprevention.org.uk.
Structural Concrete Alliance, www.structuralconcretealliance.org
95
Product
Showcase
Testing Equipment
SRI 1000 Portable Emissometer/Reflectometer and Solar Reflectometer
AZ Technologys SRI 1000 Portable Emissometer/Reflectometer and Solar Reflectometer is compact, lightweight, and
ergonomically engineered for ease of use in the field, laboratory, or manufacturing line. It is used to determine total hemispherical
thermal emittance in accordance with ASTM E408 and solar absorptance of surfaces at an air mass of 1.5 for terrestrial applications in accordance with ASTM C1549. These two measurements allow the calculation of the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) per
ASTM E1980, as defined for environmental certifications such as Cool Roofs and LEED. The SRI 1000 performs optically
integrated total hemispherical-reflectance measurements from approximately 3 to 35 m.
AZ Technology, www.aztechnology.com
Press-Aire Meter
Forneys Press-Aire Meter measures the entrained air in freshly mixed

concrete by applying pressure to the concrete and observing the change in its
volume. Users fill the base with fresh concrete and strike off according to
ASTM C231/C231M. A rubber syringe is used to inject a small amount of
water through the petcock until all air is dispelled through the opposite petcock.
The hand-operated pump is used to build pressure to the initial pressure line on
the gauge. The needle valve lever is then pressed to release air into the lower
chamber. The direct percentage of air in the concrete can be read on the air
gauge. The meter meets ASTM C231/C231M, AASHTO T 152, and BS EN
12350-7.
Forney, www.forneyonline.com
Imetrum Video Gauge Software
Imetrums non-contact measurement system includes Video Gauge software, which uses pattern recognition and sub-pixel
interpolation to measure displacements of selected points in an image. Targets are tracked in real time, outputting measurements
frame by frame. This technology allows for non-contact multi-point measurements of strain, rotation, and displacement. A
resolution better than 1/200,000 of the visible area is achievable, giving strain resolution of 5 microstrain. After only a halfdays training, any user can obtain accurate displacement resolutions of 0.1 mm (0.004 in.) on, for example, a bridge load test.
Imetrum, www.imetrum.com
HOBO Temp/RH Data Logger for Mobile Devices
Onsets HOBO MX1101 data logger measures and transmits temperature and relative
humidity (RH) data to mobile devices wirelessly via Bluetooth Smart technology. The selfcontained wireless data logger works with Onsets free HOBOmobile app for logger setup and
data management, and it enables users to access data anytime from mobile devices for iOS or Android over a 100 ft (30 m)
range. Using the HOBOmobile app, users can view data in graphs, check the operational status of loggers, configure alarm
notifications, and share data files.
Onset Computer Corporation, www.onsetcomp.com
96
Product Showcase
Elcometer 311
Elcometer 311 series includes seven models that can work as covermeters or
half-cell meters, or both. While the Elcometer 331 B is only a covermeter, Elcometers
311 H and HM work strictly as half-cell meters. Models that incorporate both the
covermeter and half-cell meter technology are Elcometers 311 BH, SH, TH, and THD.
Out of these four, the THD model is the only one equipped to work with stainless steel reinforcement. All meters have a rugged,
dampproof case that provides protection against the elements; a large graphics display with backlight for viewing in the dark;
adjustable beep volume and earphone socket; and a multiple-language menu structure. They are also equipped with user-selectable
bar sizes: metric, US, ASTM/Canadian, and Japanese.
Elcometer, www.elcometer.com
Giatec Perma2
Giatec Perma2 is a re-engineered laboratory device for measurement of concrete performance. It is compliant with ASTM
C1202 and C1760 requirements for the rapid chloride permeability (RCP) test and bulk electrical conductivity of concrete,
respectively. The device is a compact and robust stand-alone unit. Equipped with a verification kit, Perma2 is an accurate test
device for concrete labs. It comes with powerful PC data monitoring software, which enables the user to easily operate the device.
The software provides full control over adjusting the test parameters, as well as recording, analyzing, and real-time plotting of the
test results.
Giatec Scientific Inc., www.giatecscientific.com
Focus3D X 330
Faros Focus3D X 330 can scan large and distant objects up to 1083 ft (330 m) away and in direct sunlight. With its integrated GPS
receiver, the laser scanner is able to correlate individual scans in post-processing, making it ideal for surveying based applications.
Remote scanning as well as scan data sharing via SCENE Webshare Cloud make the laser scanning solution a mobile option.
Faro, www.faro.com
Conquest 100
Sensors & Softwares Conquest 100 is a portable ground-penetrating radar (GPR)

system that features a high-resolution touchscreen display, embedded WiFi,
resizeable handle, and a long-life lithium ion battery. The system can collect and
store up to 99 grids and can penetrate up to 20 in. (508 mm). Its easy annotation and report preparation with Windows is
compatible with ImageView software. Conquest 100 retains all of the key features of predecessor systems, such as the Power
Cable Detector (PCD), automatic velocity determination, and rapid grid collection and processing.
Sensors & Software, www.sensoft.ca
MIRA dOr
Germann Instruments MIRA dOr is an advanced data acquisition and data analysis system for the impact-echo method. It is
intended for use with the MIRA dOr scanner system or it can be used with a DOCter Mark IV transducer. MIRA dOr incorporates
innovative techniques to create two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) visual representations of the results of impactecho tests obtained from a grid of closely spaced test points. The key features of the software include simple interfaces for setting up
data acquisition, parameters and defining the testing grid, audio-assisted prompts during testing to speed up data acquisition, visualization of impact-echo tests results by creating a 3-D volume model of the test region, ability to look at reflecting interface on different
cutting planes, ability to superimpose test results on a real-world image of a test location, and menu-driven report generation in a
format that can be edited with a word processor.
Germann Instruments, http://germann.org
97
Industry
Focus
Rayonier Advanced Materials Announce Lignin
Partnership Plans with Borregaard ASA
Rayonier Advanced Materials (RYAM) announced it has

entered into a non-binding letter of intent with Borregaard
ASA to form a joint venture (JV) at its Fernandina Beach, FL,
facility for the manufacturing, marketing, and sale of natural
lignin-based products. The company will be owned 45% by
RYAM and 55% by Borregaard. Lignin is a co-product of
RYAMs cellulose specialties manufacturing process and is
currently used for its energy value by the facility. The planned
JV would process the lignin into higher value products that
provide environmentally friendly alternatives to petroleumbased chemicals used globally in construction, agriculture,
and other industrial applications.
Carrasquillo Associates and Carrasquillo

Engineering Services Group Contribute to
Christopher Columbus Statue Erected in
Puerto Rico
Carrasquillo Associates (CA) and Carrasquillo Engineering

Services Group (CESG) played an important role in the
colossal Christopher Columbus Statue project located atop a
hillside on the northern shores of Puerto Rico. This project
consists of the erection of a statue twice the height of the
Statue of Liberty without its pedestal, and so tall that it could
interfere with air traffic once erected. The statue is scheduled
to be completed by late summer 2015 and was originally
crafted by the great Russian sculptor Zurab Tsereteli, the
creative mind behind many unique sculptures such as Bayonnes
9/11 Teardrop Memorial, which honors those who died in the
tragic attacks on September 11, 2001. The over 2000 pieces
that make up the 600 ton (544 tonne) Christopher Columbus
Statue, including copper and bronze exterior pieces connected
to an interior structural steel frame, were initially constructed
in 1991 to commemorate the 500th anniversary of Columbus
1492 arrival to the Western Hemisphere. CA and CESG
provided consulting services regarding the mat concrete
foundation including structural design, specifications, and
construction as well as the condition assessment of the
structural steel. Specifically, CA and CESG were in charge of
developing the concrete specifications, mixture proportions, and
concrete placement sequence; executing the quality control;
implementing the use of maturity and monitoring the internal
concrete temperatures; and early age protection of the
concrete in the massive concrete foundation.
System One Acquired AECOMs Quality

Programs Business
System One, a provider of specialized workforce solutions

and integrated services, acquired the Quality Programs
98
business from AECOM. Now known as Quality Programs,

the operation previously was part of URS Corporation, which
joined AECOM in October 2014. Quality Programs will be
integrated into System Ones Quality Solutions practice to
provide a full spectrum of workforce solutions and quality
engineering, product assurance, asset integrity, inspection,
and testing services.
THiN-Wall Obtains 2-Hour Fire Resistance Rating

THiN-Wall, a composite insulated concrete wall panel
system, has obtained a 2-hour fire resistance rating according
to ASTM E119-11A, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of
Building Construction and Materials. The 10 x 10 ft (3 x 3 m)
specimens, which consisted of 4 in. (102 mm) of XPS
insulation between two 3 in. (76 mm) layers of concrete, were
tested under sustained flexural loading by the Fenestration
Testing Laboratory under the supervision of the University of
Miami, Structures and Materials Laboratory. During the fire
exposure for each test, no visual changes to the THiN-Wall
specimens were observed.
ShapeCrete Selected as the Winner of the Best

Design Material at Dwell on Design Exhibition
ShapeCrete, the concrete mixture that inspires natural

creativity, received the award for Best Design Material at the
10th Annual Dwell on Design exhibition in Los Angeles, CA.
The high-performance concrete mixture is the product of a
collaboration between designer and innovator in concrete
Fu-Tung Cheng and Sakrete. A panel of jurors that included
designers, editors, bloggers, and professors, visited more than
450 booths during the event. ShapeCrete was selected as the
winner of the Best Design Material for its innovation,
versatility, and ease of use. ShapeCrete can be poured, rolled,
pushed, molded, textured, or polished into different designs. It
is designed for simple workability in both thick and thin
applications. Users can simply add water, mix, and sculpt the
clay-like substance into limitless shapes or forms, such as
custom planters, vases, bowls, wine racks, address tiles,
garden sculptures, and furniture.
Advertise in
Ci
For more information, contact

Todd Eckman,
Account Executive
Network Media Partners +1.410.584.8487
E-mail: teckman@networkmediapartners.com
Whats
New
Guide for Construction of Concrete
PavementsACI 325.9R-15
The primary focus of this guide is pavement construction.

Modern slipform paving techniques and time-proven formed
construction procedures are highlighted. Quality control,
quality assurance, and construction inspection, as well as the
environmental, economic, and societal benefits of concrete
pavement, are also presented.
Order Code: 325915.CI
Pages:
62
Price:
$102.50 (ACI members $62.00)
Guide for the Design of Tilt-Up Concrete

PanelsACI 551.2R-15
This guide presents information that expands on the

provisions of ACI 318 applied to the design of site-cast precast,
or tilt-up, concrete panels, and provides a comprehensive
procedure for the design of these important structural elements.
In addition, this guide provides design recommendations for
various support and load conditions not specifically covered in
ACI 318, including design guidelines for in-plane shear.
Order Code: 551215.CI
Pages:
72
Price:
$108.50 (ACI members $66.00)
Guide to the Code for Evaluation, Repair,

and Rehabilitation of Concrete Buildings
MAN56213
This new guide provides guidance and assistance to

professionals engaged in the repair of concrete buildings. The
guide has been developed to serve as an invaluable companion
to ACI 562-13. It is separated into two main components:
chapter guides that follow the organization of ACI 562,
broken down by the corresponding sections, and project
examples that illustrate the use of the code for real-world
projects from inception through completion. These two
components work together to provide additional information
on how to apply the performance requirements in ACI 562 and
how the requirements may be applied to a broad range of
projects. Published jointly by ACI and ICRI.
Order Code:
Pages:
Price:
MAN56213.CI
136
$120.50 (ACI members $72.00)
Eleventh International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures

in ConcreteSP-302
This collection contains 37 papers presented at the Eleventh

International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other
Chemical Admixtures in Concrete in Ottawa, ON, Canada,
in July 2015. Topics include: Effect of Clinker Grinding Aids
on Static Yield Stress of Cement Pastes; New Additive to
Enhance the Slump Retention; Mastering Flow Loss in
Superplasticized Cementitious Systems; and much more.
Available in digital format.
Order Code: SP302.CI
Pages:
512
Price:
$102.50 (ACI members $61.00)
Thirteenth International Conference on

Recent Advances in Concrete Technology
and Sustainability IssuesSP-303
This collection contains 26 papers presented at the Thirteenth International Conference on Advances in Concrete
Technology and Sustainability Issues in Ottawa, ON, Canada,
in July 2015. Topics include: Responsibility, Durability, and
Construction Requirements in ACI 318-14; Grouts for Bridge
Post-Tensioning Tendons at Below-Freezing Temperature;
Case Studies of CO2 Utilization in Concrete; and much more.
Available in digital format.
Order Code: SP303.CI
Pages:
374
Price:
$96.50 (ACI members $58.00)
Coming
Whats
Fall 2015
Report on Design and Construction of Steel

Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Elevated Slabs
ACI 544.6R-15

Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook
SP-17(14)
99
Calls for
Papers
Notable Concrete in Milwaukee and Vicinity
Document: Compendium of notable concrete in and

around Milwaukee, WI, for publication at The ACI Concrete
Convention and Exposition, April 17-21, 2016, in Milwaukee,
WI; compiled by ACI Committee 124, Concrete Aesthetics,
and cosponsored by AIA Milwaukee. Document also will be
available as an electronic file on the ACI website, and may be
excerpted in Concrete International. Images submitted will be
stored and available as electronic files on the ACI website and
may be used in ACI educational and promotional materials.
Exceptional images may merit placement on the cover of
Concrete International.
Solicited: Image and brief description of notable concrete
(cast-in-place, precast, post-tensioned, FRP, masonry, and
tilt-up) in all types of uses (buildings, monuments, pavement,
silos, bridges, crypts, furniture, retaining walls, utility poles,
tanks, sculpture, culverts, plazas, and whatever else has
caught your attention). Significance may be historical,
aesthetic, sustainable, functional, structural, construction-related,
unusual use or application, or simply personal affection.
Requirements: 1) name and location of submission;
2) image (photograph, drawing, or sketch) that is not copyrighted; 3) brief description that establishes significance and
lists credits; and 4) submitters name, title, organization, city
and state, telephone, and e-mail. Location information
should include zip code. Submit all information in electronic
format: image as JPEG or TIFF file at least 1 MB (but no
more than 4 MB), and text in e-mail or as MS Word document
(120 words maximum).
Deadline: Submissions are due by November 1, 2015.
Send to: Michael J. Paul, Built Form LLC, 304 Country
Club Drive, Wilmington, DE 19803; mjp@builtform2.com.
International PhD Symposium in Civil

Engineering
Meeting: The 11th fib International PhD Symposium in

Civil Engineering, August 29-31, 2016, in Tokyo, Japan, at
the Hongo main campus of the University of Tokyo.
Solicited: This event provides an opportunity for PhD
students to share information with the international research
community in concrete and concrete structures. All current
PhD students in the field of civil engineering who have not yet
submitted their thesis are eligible to participate and present
their research. The topics of the symposium are related to the
general field of civil engineering infrastructure, including but
not limited to: structural analysis and design; innovative
structural systems and management; advanced materials;
sustainability and life-cycle management; strengthening and
repair; monitoring and sensing; nondestructive testing; and
durability and life assessment.
100
Requirements: Submit abstracts online at http://

concrete.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/fib_PhD2016.
Deadline: Abstracts are due by November 1, 2015.
Contact: Conference Secretariat, fib-phd2016@
concrete.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp, +81.3.5841.7498.
Getting the Most Out of Decorative Concrete
Meeting: Technical session on Getting the Most Out of

Decorative Concrete at The ACI Concrete Convention and
Exposition, April 17-21, 2016, in Milwaukee, WI; cosponsored
by ACI Committees 124, Concrete Aesthetics, and 310,
Decorative Concrete.
Solicited: This session will bring together expert speakers
on the finishing topics covered in Guide to Decorative
Concrete (ACI 310R-13). Decorative concrete professionals
and members of ACI 310 are asked to submit 50- to 100-word
abstracts for 30minute presentations to be part of this
session. Aesthetic and decorative finishes discussed in the
Guide to Decorative Concrete will be given preference.
Anticipated topics include best practices for stamped
concrete finishes; dos and donts in polished concrete
systems; the art of using multilayer stencils; key lessons to
be learned from the Guide to Decorative Concrete; and
sealing and curing decorative concrete.
Requirements: 1) presentation title; 2) author/speaker
name(s), title, organization, and contact information; and
an abstract of 100 words maximum. When submitting
an abstract, prospective speakers should outline their
qualifications and work experience with the subject
finishing technique.
Send to: Anne Werner, Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville, Department of Construction, 5041 Springfield
Dr., Edwardsville, IL 620255829; +1.618.650.5191; email:
awerner@siue.edu.
Symposium on Concrete Pipe and Box Culverts

Meeting: ASTM International Symposium on Concrete
Pipe and Box Culverts, December 7, 2016, in Orlando, FL;
sponsored by ASTM Committee C13, Concrete Pipe.
Solicited: Papers are invited on design and installation
new design methods, including a comparison of direct versus
indirect methods, innovations in installation methods and
equipment and comparison of innovations with historical
practices; history and development of concrete pipe and
ASTM Committee C13 standardshistory of concrete pipe
production and manufacturing methodology, development and
evolution of specifications and specifying concrete pipe
products; innovative case histories of successful installation
and uses of concrete pipe; and new technologynew design
Calls for Papers

methods, unique applications, and the use of new materials
and admixtures, such as fly ash or high-strength concrete.
Requirements: To participate in the symposium,
presenters/authors must submit the online abstract submittal
form and attach a 250- to 300-word preliminary abstract.
Visit www.astm.org/C13CFP1216 for abstract submittal and
additional information.
Contact: Additional technical information is available
from symposium co-chairs John J. Meyer, Wales, WI,
+1.262.565.7795; and Josh Beakley, American Concrete Pipe
Association, Irving, TX, +1.972.506.7216.
Evaluation and Response of Bridges Subjected

to Non-Conventional Live or Extreme Loads
Meeting: Technical session on Evaluation and Response

of Bridges Subjected to Non-Conventional or Extreme Loads
at The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition, October 23-27,
2016, in Philadelphia, PA; sponsored by ACI Committee 345,
Concrete Bridge Construction, Maintenance, and Repair, and
cosponsored by ACI Committees 341, Earthquake-Resistant
Concrete Bridges; 342, Evaluation of Concrete Bridges and
Bridge Elements; and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 343,
Concrete Bridge Design.
Solicited: The special session will emphasize the performance of constructed bridges and their elements when
subjected to non-conventional live or extreme loads such as
tsunami, landslide, impacts, and nonstandard vehicular traffic.
Presentations will include a variety of technical aspects such
as the failure mechanisms and characteristics of constructed
concrete bridge members, seismic energy dissipation, performance monitoring and evaluation, alternative design
approaches, damage assessment, and structural rehabilitation.
Both experimental and analytical investigations are of interest.
The session will highlight recent research findings and provide
an opportunity to discuss present challenges and technical
issues associated with the integrity of structures subjected to
these events. Critical information will be imparted to those
who will lead tomorrows bridge design and construction,
including practicing engineers, government officials, and
academics. An ACI Special Publication will be published.
Requirements: 1) presentation/paper title; 2) author/
speaker name(s), title, organization, and contact information;
and 3) an abstract of 200 words.
Deadlines: Abstracts are due by November 30, 2015; final
papers are due by April 30, 2016.
Send to: Yail Jimmy Kim, University of Colorado, Denver,
jimmy.kim@ucdenver.edu; Sri Sritharan, Iowa State University,
sri@iastate.edu; and Devin Harris, University of Virginia,
dharris@virginia.edu.
History of Concrete
Meeting: Technical session on History of Concrete at

The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition, October 23-27,
2016, in Philadelphia, PA; sponsored by ACI Committee 120,
History of Concrete.
Solicited: Based on the history of cement production in
Pennsylvanias Lehigh Valley, presentations on cement
powders such as lime mortars, natural cement, early
masonry, or portland cement are sought; however, presentations
on other topics related to the history of design, construction,
cementitious powders, and concrete practices would also be
considered. Presentations will be 15 to 20 minutes in length.
Any type of physical artifact is also encouraged.
Requirements: 1) presentation title; 2) author/speaker
name(s), title, organization, and contact information; and 3) a
one-page abstract.
Deadline: Abstracts are due by January 15, 2016.
Send to: Ryan Scott, Essroc Italcementi Group,
ryan.scott@essroc.com.
ACI Young Professional Essay Contest
Event: ACI Committee S806, Young Professional Activities

(YPA), promotes participation of young professionals in the
ACI community through an essay contest.
Solicited: Entries are invited on the theme of how young
professionals have been engaged with ACI and how that has
given them an edge in the workplace. An application form
can be found at www.concrete.org/Portals/0/Files/PDF/
YoungProfessionalsEssayContestApplication.pdf.
Requirements: 1) the essay must be kept to two pages in
length, typed in 12-point font, with 1 in. margins, on lettersize (8.5 x 11 in.) paper; 2) any references should be cited
correctly and the reference list shall be part of the two-page
document; and 3) all applicants must have been in a concreteor construction-related industry for less than 8 years. Years
spent as a full-time student studying a construction-related
field do not count toward these 8 years. Current students and
faculty members are not eligible.
Deadline: Essays are due by January 31, 2016.
Send to: Kathy Rockwell, Young Professional Essay
Contest, ACI, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI
48331, or e-mail: kathy.rockwell@concrete.org.
Calls for Papers: Submission Guidelines

Calls for papers should be submitted no later than 3 months prior to the
deadline for abstracts. Please send meeting information, papers/presentations
being solicited, abstract requirements, and deadline, along with full contact
information to: Keith A. Tosolt, Managing Editor, Concrete International,
38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331; e-mail: Keith.Tosolt@
concrete.org. Visit www.callforpapers.concrete.org for more information.
101
Public
Discussion
ACI draft standards open for public discussion that are being processed through ACIs ANSI-approved standardization
procedures can be found at www.concrete.org/discussion. These are not yet official ACI standards.
Document number
Title
Open for
discussion
Discussion
closes
301
Specifications for Structural Concrete
9/8/2015
10/23/2015
Proposed Standard
Specifications for Structural Concrete
The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved processing the subject document through ACIs Standardization
Procedure in August 2014 as did the ACI Standards Board in September 2015.
Therefore, this draft document is open for public discussion from September 8, 2015, until October 23, 2015. The document
appears on the ACI website, www.concrete.org/discussion.
Pertinent discussion will be available on ACIs website and announced in a future issue of Concrete International if received
no later than October 23, 2015. Comments should be e-mailed to discussion@concrete.org.
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102
Sinopsis en espaol
El Factor Phig-leaf
Una planta altamente automatizada de panel prefabricado
Stanton, J.; Tsvetanova, K.; y Taylor, A., Concrete International, V. 37, No. 10, octubre de 2015, pgs. 27-32
Concrete International, V. 37, No. 10, octubre de 2015,

pg. 51
El primero de la secuencia de dos artculos trata sobre el

estado actual de los factores y las caractersticas de su organizacin presente que parecen insatisfactorias, especialmente
las dificultades de utilizarlos en la prctica y en su formato
actual. El segundo artculo presentar una breve encuesta de
fallos significativos e identifica algunas de las causas subyacentes de errores comunes, as como posibles aproximaciones
a la modificacin de la estructura de los factores . Los autores esperan abrir una discusin ms amplia sobre el asunto.
Molin Concrete Products est a punto de completar la construccin de una fbrica automatizada de manufactura de
paneles de pared ubicada en Ramsey, Minnesota. La planta
producir hormign prefabricado para revestimiento arquitectnico, paneles de pared de hormign aislante y paneles
de estructura slida. Los paneles de pared de hormign
prefabricado sern formados, moldeados, ubicados, secados y
finalizados en produccin en lnea continua prcticamente sin
la participacin de manos humanas. La planta requerir menor
espacio de fbrica, menos mano de obra, y ofrecer mayor
calidad, mayor consistencia en los productos y un acceso ms
rpido a ellos.
Revisar el diseo unificado de provisiones para la carga

axial y de flexin ACI 318
Dolan, C.W., Concrete International, V. 37, No. 10, octubre
de 2015, pgs. 33-39
El Cdigo de Construccin ACI 318 de 2014 contiene inconsistencias si el diseo de un bloque o viga se ha acometido
con redes de tensin extensibles de 0,004 y 0,005. Estas
inconsistencias son cada vez ms apremiantes en tanto que los
diseadores paulatinamente especifican una mayor fuerza en
el hormign y el refuerzo. El artculo aborda problemas relacionados con el diseo con una fuerza especfica del hormign
de ms de 8000 psi (55 MPa) y el refuerzo del lmite elstico
de ms de 60 ksi (barras de calidad 60, 420 MPa), y lista elementos en el Cdigo que se estn considerando para revisin.
Mnsulas de hormign prefabricado para paneles de
pared aislantes
Premios Sidney Freedman Craftsmanship del PCI 2015

Concrete International, V. 37, No. 10, octubre de 2015,
pgs. 40-43
El Instituto de Hormign Prefabricado/Pretensado (Precast/
Prestressed Concrete Institute, PCI) present recientemente
a los ganadores del cuarto premio anual Sidney Freedman
Craftsmanship. La empresa Gate Precast, de Kissimmee,
Florida, fue la ganadora del premio 2015 Sidney Freedman
Craftsmanship por su produccin de componentes de hormign arquitectnico prefabricado para el Patricia and Phillip
Frost Museum of Science, actualmente en construccin en
Miami, Florida. La empresa Gate Precast tambin recibi la
Mencin Honorfica por los paneles prefabricados de aislamiento arquitectnico para la Torre Sur del Cook Childrens
Medical Center, en Fort Worth, Texas.
Elkady, M.; Tadros, M.K.; Lafferty, M.; Morcous, G.;

y Gremel, D., Concrete International, V. 37, No. 10, octubre
de 2015, pgs. 45-50
Una prctica comn para los paneles de pared aislantes es
conectar dos paos de hormign con un bloque de hormign
slido a travs del aislante en la ubicacin de la mnsula. El
puente trmico resultante reduce significativamente la eficiencia energtica del panel de pared. Dependiendo del clima y del
uso del edificio, la acumulacin de humedad en las superficies
puede provocar la degradacin de la calidad del aire del interior o de la apariencia del panel. Estos efectos son el principal
motivo de investigacin recogido en este artculo.
103
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107
Concrete
Q&A
Frequently Asked Post-Tensioning
Question: Cracked Wedges
Q.
A.
During a concrete repair project to a post-tensioned

(PT) structure, we removed the patching material
in the stressing pocket and noticed cracking in the
wedges. Do the wedges need to be replaced?
Wedges have case-hardened teeth and a relatively

ductile core. As the wedge is seated, the teeth bite
into the strand, the wedge conforms to the strand,
and longitudinal hairline cracks may appear in the surface due
to the deformation of the wedges. These cracks do not affect
the integrity of the PT system and no repair is warranted.
Strand-wedge interaction
(figure courtesy of the
Post-Tensioning Institute)
Cutaway of anchor to show
wedge crack
Thanks to Post-Tensioning Institute staff, Farmington Hills, MI, for

providing the answer.
Longitudinal cracking
Reinforcement Inspection
Q.
Im an inspector for a municipal building

department, and I recently encountered a foundation subcontractor that insisted on placing
reinforcing bars just ahead of the flow of concrete coming out
of the pump hose. Is that acceptable?
A.
In a word, NO. According to Section 8.9 of the ACI

Manual of Concrete Inspection,1 reinforcement
should be installed and inspected for completeness
and proper location before concrete placement, as a preplacement inspection allows for verification (quality assurance) of
compliance with the project drawings and specifications. For
example, Section 5.6 of ACI 332-142 requires a cover depth of
at least 3 in. (76 mm) for footings placed against earth or at
least 3/4 in. (19 mm) for footings not exposed to earth or
weather. You need time to inspect the reinforcement and ensure
those covers will be provided, and the contractor needs time to
make any necessary corrections. Otherwise, the steel could be
misplaced (or even omitted), and the strength and durability of
the completed foundation might be degraded.
If reinforcement is placed just before concrete placement,
the inspector is forced into a difficult situation because the
concrete truck will have to wait while the inspection takes
place. Worse, if corrections are needed because the reinforcement is mislocated, the load of concrete may be wasted or
damaged by retempering. You also might wish to study ACI
108
Longitudinal hairline cracks in

the case hardened surface of
wedges (photo courtesy of the
Post-Tensioning Institute)
311.7-14.3 While this document is designed to set the minimum requirements for an inspection agency retained by an
owner, its directions provide an extensive checklist for items
to be inspected during preplacement (reinforcement, forms,
and embedments), placement (conveyance and consolidation),
and post-placement (finishing, curing, stressing, grouting, and
formwork removal).
References
1. ACI Committee 311, ACI Manual of Concrete Inspection, SP2(07), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2007, 199 pp.
2. ACI Committee 332, Residential Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 332-14) and Commentary, American Concrete
Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 54 pp.
3. ACI Committee 311, Inspection Services Specification for Castin-Place Concrete Construction (ACI 311.7-14), American Concrete
Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 5 pp.
Questions in this column were asked by users of ACI documents and have
been answered by ACI staff or by a member or members of ACI technical
committees. The answers do not represent the official position of an ACI
committee. Only a published committee document represents the formal
consensus of the committee and the Institute.
We invite comment on any of the questions and answers published in this
column. Write to the Editor, Concrete International, 38800 Country Club
Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331; contact us by fax at +1.248.848.3701;
or e-mail Rex.Donahey@concrete.org.
Visit www.concrete.org
to register
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OCTOBER 2015 V. 37 No.

Finite element analysis & design of reinforced, precast

Design & investigation

Finite element analysis & design of reinforced concrete

StructurePoints suite of productivity tools are so easy to

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by John Stanton, Kristina Tsvetanova, and Andrew Taylor

2015 PCI Sidney Freedman Craftsmanship Awards

A Highly Automated Precast Panel Plant

18 ACI Officer Nominations for 2016-2017

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Carl R. Bischof (Senior Editor),

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AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE

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staff engineer also presents a portion of each seminar and

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OCTOBER 2015 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

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