2010H2Physics SAJC

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ST. ANDREWS JUNIOR COLLEGE

JC2 2010
Preliminary Examinations
PHYSICS, Higher 2
Paper 1
9646/01
22nd September 2010

(1400 Hrs 1515 Hrs)
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials: Optical Mark Sheet (OMS)
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Civic Group and index number on the separate Optical Mark Sheet (OMS).
There are forty questions in this paper. Answer all the questions. For each question there
are four possible answers A, B, C, D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
Optical Mark Sheet (OMS).
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Instructions for using the Optical Mark Sheet (OMS)
Class no.
Write your
numbers here
Register no.
1.
2.
3.
Fill in your class number (e.g. 09S03 = "03", 09S22 = 22) in the first two rows.
Fill in your class register number in the next two rows. (e.g. register number 1 is filled
in as "01").
Write your class and register numbers into the column on the left (ie. 2201)
For Students Use

Paper 1
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Paper 2
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Paper 3
Total
/ 192
Percentage
/ 100
Grade
/ 80
This Question Paper consists of 18 printed pages
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/01
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[Turn Over
Data
speed of light in free space ,
= 3.00 x 108 m s-1
permeability of free space,
= 4 x 10-7 H m-1
permittivity of free space,
= 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1

(1 / (36)) x 10-9 F m-1
elementary charge,
= 1.60 x 10-19 C
the Planck constant,
= 6.63 x 10-34 J s
unified atomic mass constant,
= 1.66 x 10-27 kg
rest mass of electron,
me
= 9.11 x 10-31 kg
rest mass of proton,
mp
= 1.67 x 10-27 kg
molar gas constant,
= 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
the Avogadro constant,
NA
= 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
the Boltzmann constant,
= 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1
gravitational constant,
= 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2
acceleration of free fall,
= 9.81 m s-2
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/01
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Formulae
s
= ut + at2
v2
= u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas,
= pV
hydrostatic pressure,
= gh
gravitational potential,
Gm
=- r
displacement of particle in s.h.m.,
= x0 sint
velocity of particle in s.h.m.,
= v0 cost
uniformly accelerated motion,
= ( x 02 x 2 )
mean kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas,
E
3
= 2 kT
resistors in series,
= R1 + R2 +
resistors in parallel,
1/R
= 1/R1 + 1/R2 +
electric potential,
alternating current/voltage,
= x0 sint
transmission coefficient,
exp(-2kd)
where k
Q
4 0 r
8 2m(U E)
h2
radioactive decay,
= x0 exp(-t)
decay constant,
0.693
t1
2
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/01
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Which of the following provides the most accurate estimate?
A
B
C
D
2
A Fomula One car travels a distance of (100 1) m from rest. If the

acceleration of the car is (23.1 0.5) m s-2, what would be its final velocity at
the end of the distance covered?
A
B
C
D
3
(68 1) m s-1
(67.9 1.0) m s-1
(68.0 1.1) m s-1
(67.97 1.08) m s-1
Which of the following is a random error?
A
B
C
D
4
Mrs Queks black Subaru Forester 2.0-litre car has a mass of 3000 kg.
The floor area of the SAJC Cultural Centre ground floor is 700 m2.
The temperature of a yellow bunsen flame is 600 K.
The upthrust acting on a totally submerged adult round-tube float is
50 N.
Error as a result of using g = 10 m s2, instead of g = 9.81 m s-2

Error due to the timing of the experimenter
Error due to a stopwatch running too fast
Zero error of a measuring instrument
Frankie throws a small rubber ball vertically downwards at a speed of

3.0 m s-1. It hits the ground and rebounds vertically. The graph below shows
the velocity-time graph for the first 1.9 s of the motion of the rubber ball.
v / ms-1
8
time / s
0
0.6
1.5
1.9
-3
-9
What is the displacement of the ball between the point at which it was first
thrown and the highest point of the motion?
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
zero
1.8 m
3.6 m
7.2 m
Prelims/9646/01
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A device launches two identical balls, x and y, simultaneously in a horizontal

direction from the same height, as shown in the diagram below. The results
are as indicated.
Fig. 5.1
Which statement correctly describes what happens?
A
B
C
D
x hits the ground before y as it is closer to the launch site.

y hits the ground before x as it has a higher launch velocity.
x and y hit the ground simultaneously with the same velocity.
x and y hit the ground simultaneously with different velocities.
A ball of mass m is released from rest from point Y which is at a height of h

above point X and slides down a frictionless slope. The ball passes point X
with a velocity v as shown below.
Z
Y
v
h
2h
X
A second ball of mass 0.5m is released from rest from point Z which is at a
height of 2h above X. The velocity with which the second object passes point
X in terms of v is
SAJC 2010
2v
1.41v
Prelims/9646/01
0.5v
[Turn Over
A man drives along a straight road with a constant speed from right to left and
tosses a coin vertically upwards. If effects of air resistance are significant,
which diagram best represents the trajectory of the coin seen by a stationary
observer?
Three charges +2q, -q and +q are placed at the corners W, X and Y of a

square WXYZ respectively as shown below.
resultant electrostatic
force on X
X
-q
W
+2q
Z
Q
Y
+q
A fourth charge Q is placed at Z, after which the charge X experiences a net

electrostatic force indicated by the arrow in the above diagram. What is the
value of Q?
SAJC 2010
-2.8q
-1.4q
Prelims/9646/01
1.4q
2.8q
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A roller coaster is traveling in a circular path in a vertical plane. The top and
bottom of the track have the same radius of curvature R. The acceleration due
to gravity is g. If the roller coaster has a speed v, the passenger is most likely
to feel weightless
Top
R
R
Bottom
10
at the top of the path when v >
gR
at the top of the path when v <
gR
at the bottom of the path when v >
gR
at the bottom of the path when v <
gR
In a ride at an entertainment park, a person sits in a cage which moves in a

vertical circle at a constant speed.
At the instant shown, what is the direction of the force exerted by the cage on
the person?
A
D
B
C
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/01
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11
A car of mass 1000 kg travels at a constant speed of 8 m s-1 up a slope

inclined at 20 to the horizontal. Given that the constant frictional force against
the motion is 500 N, the engine power of the car is
22.8 kW
30.8 kW
69.7 kW
77.7 kW
12
Which diagram shows the variation of gravitational force F on a point mass,

and of gravitational potential energy U of the mass, with its distance r from
another point mass?
13
Figure shows two points X and Y at distances L and 2L from the centre of the
earth. The gravitational potential at X is - 8 kJ kg-1.
Earth
Y
2L
When a 1 kg mass is taken from X to Y the work done on the mass is
A - 4 kJ
14
B - 2 kJ
C 2 kJ
D 4 kJ
Which quantity is not necessarily the same for satellites that are in
geostationary orbits around the Earth?
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
angular velocity
centripetal acceleration
kinetic energy
orbital period
Prelims/9646/01
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15
A fixed mass of an ideal gas is heated at constant volume. Which one of the
following graphs best shows the variation with Celsius temperature t of
pressure p of the gas?
16
In the figure below, the curve is an isotherm (a curve which joins up all the
points having the same temperature) for a fixed mass of ideal gas.
pressure
A
B
volume
Which of the following statements can be deduced for the process from A to B?
A
B
C
D
Positive work is done on the gas and heat is supplied to the gas.
Positive work is done by the gas without any heat supplied to the gas.
The internal energy of the gas decreases as heat is released by the gas.
Heat is supplied to the gas and the internal energy of the gas remains
unchanged.
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/01
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10
17
An ideal gas undergoes the cycle of pressure and volume changes

WXYZ as shown in the diagram.
What is the work done by the gas in the process YZ and the net work done
by the gas as it undergoes a complete cycle of pressure and volume change?
18
Work done by the gas in

process YZ
Net work done by the gas
-300 J
600 J
300 J
-600 J
-400 J
1200 J
400 J
-1200 J
The graph shows the shape at a particular instant of part of a transverse wave
travelling along a string.
Which statement about the motion of elements of the string is correct?
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
The speed of the element at P is a maximum.

The displacement of the element at Q is always zero.
The energy of the element at R is entirely kinetic.
The acceleration of the element at S is a maximum.
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11
19
Which one of the following could be an effect of critical damping?
A
B
C
D
20
Light of wavelength 550 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating having

400 lines per millimetre. What is maximum number of bright fringes that can
be observed?
21
A toilet door takes a long time to close after a student enters.

A rubber ball drops to ground and stops bouncing almost immediately.
A voltmeter fluctuates several times before registering a steady reading.
A passenger in a car hardly notices that the car has just crossed a
hump.
11
Two wave generators S1 and S2 produce water waves of wavelength 0.5 m. A

detector is placed at position X, 3 m from S1 and 2 m from S2 as shown in the
diagram below. Each generator produces a wave of amplitude A at X when
operated alone. The generators are operating together and producing waves
which have a constant phase difference of radians. What is the resultant
amplitude at X?
X
3m
2m
S2
S1
A
SAJC 2010
0.5A
Prelims/9646/01
2A
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12
22
A closed insulated wire with a circular kink is placed in a uniform magnetic

field with a flux density of 2.5 x 10-2 T, directed into the page. The diameter of
the kink is 1.5 cm. The wire is quickly pulled taut and the kink is straightened
in a time of 0.050 s. If the wire resistance is 1.6 , what is the power
generated in the wire?
Pull
Pull
kink
A
B
C
D
23
3.3 x 10-10 W
4.9 x 10-9 W
7.7 x 10-8 W
8.8 x 10-7 W
An insulated wire is bent into a circular coil and placed above a straight
portion as shown. The terminals of the wire are connected to an alternating
voltage. What is the direction of the force acting at point P, the centre of the
circle, on the wire?
P
Y
a.c.
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
It is oscillating in the X and Y direction

It is pointing in X-direction
It is pointing in Y-direction
It is oscillating in and out of the page
Prelims/9646/01
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13
24
An electron moves in a circular orbit in a uniform magnetic field. Which of the

following statements is correct?
A
B
C
D
25
Which one of the following statements about the electric potential and electric
field at a point is correct?
A
B
C
D
26
The period of the orbit is independent of the speed of the electron.

The momentum of the electron is dependent on its charge.
The radius of the orbit is directly proportional to its charge.
The magnetic force on the electron is dependent on the mass of the
electron.
The potential at the point is always zero when the electric field at that
point is zero.
The electric potential is given by the rate of change of electric field
intensity with distance.
The electric field at a point is zero when the potential around the point
is constant.
The potential at a point is zero when the electric field around the point
is constant.
Two long straight wires, X and Y, are placed perpendicularly to each other at
a small distance apart. The current in wire X is flowing into the page and the
current in wire Y is flowing to the right.
Wire X
Wire Y
What is the direction of the force acting on wire Y at point P due to the
magnetic field produced by wire X?
A
B
C
D
27
out of the page

into the page
upwards
downward
The force of attraction between two unlike charges is 1.5 N. If the distance
between the charges is doubled, the force of attraction between them is
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
0.75 N
0.38 N
3.0 N
6.0 N
Prelims/9646/01
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14
28
Charges of 2 C and -2 C situated at points P and Q respectively as shown.

X lies midway between P and Q while Y is at a mid-line. Which of the
following correctly describes the directions of the electric fields and electric
potentials at points X and Y?
2 C
- 2 C
Y
At point Y
At point X
A
B
C
D
29
Electric Field
Potential Field
Electric Field
Potential Field
right
upwards
right
downwards
zero
positive
zero
negative
right
upwards
left
downwards
zero
negative
zero
positive
The diagram shows a circuit consisting of five 1- resistors. A multimeter is

used to measure the resistance across different terminals. Which of the
following statements is false?
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
The resistance measured between B and C is 0.5 .

The resistance measured between B and C will be smaller if an
additional resistor is connected in parallel across AC.
The resistance measured between A and D is 1 .
The resistance measured between A and D will be smaller if a zero
resistance wire is connected across BC.
Prelims/9646/01
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15
30
A potential difference of 2.0 V is connected to a uniform resistance wire of

length 3.0 m and cross-sectional area of 8.0 x 10-9 m2. A current of 0.1 A flows
in the wire. What is the current flowing in the wire if the length and diameter of
the wire are doubled with the same potential difference connected to it?
A 0.10 A
31
D 0.40 A
to reduce eddy-currents.
to improve the flux-linkage between the primary and secondary coils.
to dissipate the heat generated by the two coils.
to produce a uniform magnetic field in the two coils
A steady current I dissipates a certain power in a variable resistor. When a

sinusoidal alternating current is used, the variable resistor has to be reduced
to one quarter of its initial value to obtain the same power.
What is the peak value of the alternating current?
A
B
C
D
33
C 0.30 A
In an ideal transformer, the most important function of the soft-iron core is
A
B
C
D
32
B 0.20 A
2I
2I
2 2I
4 2I
Which of the following statements, referring to photoelectric emission, is

always true?
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
No emission of electrons occurs for very low intensity illumination.

For a given metal there is a minimum frequency of radiation below
which no emission occurs.
The velocity of the emitted electrons is proportional to the intensity of
the incident radiation.
The number of electrons emitted per second is independent of the
intensity of incident radiation.
Prelims/9646/01
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16
34
The table gives relative values for three situations for the barrier tunnelling of
an electron through a potential barrier. Rank the situations according to the
probability of the electron tunnelling barrier, greatest first.
Electron Energy
E
E
E
X
Y
Z
A
B
C
D
35
Barrier Height
5E
17E
2E
Barrier Thickness
L
2L
3L
XYZ
XZY
ZXY
YZX
The diagram shows the energy levels of a gas atom.

____________________ 0 J
____________________ -2.4 x 10-19 J
____________________ -5.4 x 10-19 J
____________________ -21.8 x 10-19 J

A free electron of kinetic energy of 20.0 x 10-19 J collides with the cool gas
atoms. What is the kinetic energy of the free electron after the collision?
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
1.8 x 10-19 J
3.6 x 10-19 J
5.4 x 10-19 J
16.4 x 10-19 J
Prelims/9646/01
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17
36
A ruby laser is a solid-state laser and emits at a wavelength of 694 nm. A

CO2 laser is a gas laser and emits at a wavelength of 10.6 m. Why are CO2
lasers (instead of ruby lasers) used in the metalworking industry to cut steel?
A
B
C
D
37
Once the active medium in a LASER is excited, the first photons of light are
produced by which physical process?
A
B
C
D
38
Plancks oscillation
blackbody radiation
spontaneous emission
synchrotron radiation
The most important property of a p-n junction is that it rectifies an alternating

current. Which of the following statements is false?
A
B
C
39
CO2 lasers do not possess a metastable state

The energy of a single photon emitted by the CO2 laser is larger than
that of the energy of a single photon emitted by the ruby laser
CO2 lasers do not emit coherent photons
CO2 lasers emits laser light in the infrared region
During reverse bias condition of a p-n junction, the p-type semiconductor becomes less negative.
During reverse bias condition of a p-n junction, the width of the
depletion region becomes larger as the externally applied p.d. adds to
the junction potential.
During forward bias condition of a p-n junction, if the applied p.d.
overcomes the junction potential, electrons will cross steadily from the
n-type side to the p-type side while the holes will cross steadily in the
opposite direction.
Under increasingly high reverse biased p.d., current can increase
sharply through the p-n junction
Uranium-235 undergoes fission as shown in the equation below.

235
1
143
90
1
92 U + 0 n 55 Cs + 37 Rb + 3 0 n
195 MeV of energy was released in the reaction. Given that the binding
energy per nucleon for uranium-235 is 7.6 MeV, and those for caesium and
rubidium are approximately X MeV, determine the value of X.
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
8.5 MeV
9.7 MeV
11.2 MeV
13.3 MeV
Prelims/9646/01
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18
40
The number of undecayed radioactive nuclei, N, of cobalt

different timings are as follows:
t / years
0
12
16
60
27
Co at three
N
500000
M
31250
What is the value of M?
A
B
C
D
SAJC 2010
25000
62500
100000
125000
Prelims/9646/01
End
of Paper
[Turn
Over
Class
Index Number
Name
09
JC 2 2010
PHYSICS, Higher 2
Paper 2 Structured Questions
9646/02
17th September 2010

(0800 Hrs 0945 Hrs)
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer all questions on the Question Paper.

No additional materials are required.
Write your name, index number and Civics Group on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Section A
Answer all questions.
It is recommended that you spend about 1 hour 15 minutes on this section.
Section B
Answer Question 8.
It is recommended that you spend about 30 minutes on this section.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
For Examiners Use

Section A
/ 60
Section B
/ 12
Total
/ 72
This document consists of 23 printed pages.
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/02
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Data
= 3.00 x 108 m s-1
= 4 x 10-7 H m-1
= 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1

(1 / (36)) x 10-9 F m-1
elementary charge,
= 1.60 x 10-19 C
= 6.63 x 10-34 J s
= 1.66 x 10-27 kg
me
= 9.11 x 10-31 kg
mp
= 1.67 x 10-27 kg
molar gas constant,
= 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
NA
= 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1
= 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2
= 9.81 m s-2
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/02
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Formulae
s
= ut + at2
v2
= u2 + 2as
= pV
= gh
Gm
=- r
= x0 sint
= v0 cost
= ( x 02 x 2 )
E
3
= 2 kT
= R1 + R2 +
1/R
= 1/R1 + 1/R2 +
electric potential,
= x0 sint
exp(-2kd)
where k
Q
4 0 r
8 2m(U E)
h2
radioactive decay,
= x0 exp(-t)
decay constant,
0.693
t1
2
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/02
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Section A
It is recommended that you spend about 1 hour 15 minutes on this section.
The three sketch graphs in Fig. 1.1, plotted against time, show changes which
occur in a small fraction of a second and which result in almost vertical lines
on the graphs. These three sketch graphs are possible for ordinary objects.
acceleration
velocity
time
time
resultant force
time
C
Fig. 1.1
SAJC 2010
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From the graphs of Fig. 1.1, choose any two graphs and describe and explain
an everyday situation which illustrates how that graph can arise.
1.
Graph letter .
............
............
............
............
............
....[3]
2.
Graph letter .
............
............
............
............
............
....[3]
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/02
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A system of two bodies A and B are connected by an inextensible cord

over a frictionless pulley and are resting on inclined planes as
shown in Fig. 2.1. Body A of mass 2.00 kg and body B of mass
5.00 kg move, in the directions as indicated, a distance of 0.500 m and
each experiences a frictional force of 3.00 N.
50
40
Fig. 2.1
(a)
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the system.
change in gravitational potential energy = J [2]
(b)
Determine the final speed of system after travelling 0.500 m.
final speed = .m s1 [3]
SAJC 2010
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(c)
On the axes of Fig. 2.2, sketch a clearly labelled graph of the variation
with time of the gravitational potential energy Ep, kinetic energy Ek and
work done against frictional forces W f.
[3]
Energy
Time
Fig. 2.2
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/02
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(a)
The Earth may be considered to be a uniform sphere of radius 6370 km,

spinning on its axis with a period of 24.0 hours.
(i)
Calculate the angular velocity of a 2.00 kg mass situated at the

equator.
angular velocity = rad s-1 [1]
(ii)
At the North Pole, an accurate spring balance supporting the

2.00 kg mass gives a reading of 19.66 N. What is the reading on
the spring balance if the measurement is taken at the equator?
force = ..N [2]
(iii)
Explain the difference (if any) in the readings of the spring

balance in (a) (ii).
......
......
...[1]
SAJC 2010
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(b)
An astronaut in a spacecraft orbiting the Earth may be described as

weightless. Explain why this is so.
..............
..............
..............
..............
..........[2]
SAJC 2010
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10
(a)
Define magnetic flux density

.
..[1]
(b)
A magnetohydrodynamic drive (MHD) is a method for propelling

seagoing vessels using only electric and magnetic fields. Sea water is
propelled through the MHD tube using magnetic forces. Fig. 4.1 below
shows the components of the MHD. A pair of powerful magnet is
placed across the MHD tube where a current flows.
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2
(i)
Indicate on Fig. 4.2 above the direction of the magnetic field

that allows the MHD to propel water in the direction shown. [1]
(ii)
Calculate the magnetic flux density required to produce a force

of 16000 N with a current of 10.0 A. The separation between the
electrode is 30.0 cm.
magnetic flux density= T [2]

SAJC 2010
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11
(iii)
Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of MHD.
.
.
.
..[2]
(c)
A bar magnet attached to a spring falls vertically with its south pole
entering a horizontal closed metallic wire loop as shown in Fig. 4.3
below.
N
S
Fig. 4.3
(i)
Sketch a graph of the variation of the induced current in the loop

with time as the magnet passes through the loop. Draw at least
2 cycles of the change.
[2]
(ii)
Explain the features of the graph in part (i).
.
.
.
..[2]
SAJC 2010
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12
(a)
State an advantage of using alternating current for the transmission of

electrical energy.
[1]
(b)
State why high voltage is used in the transmission of electrical energy.
[1]
(c)
An a.c. generator delivers power to a resistive load in a remote location

over a cable transmission line of resistance 6.0 k. The potential
difference across the load is 80 kV, and the power delivered by the
generator is 250 kW.
(i)
Show that the current flowing in the cables is 2.61 A.
[2]
(ii)
Calculate the total voltage drop across the transmission cables.
voltage drop = . V [1]
(iii)
Calculate the power dissipated in the transmission cables as

thermal energy.
power dissipated = . W [1]
SAJC 2010
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13
(iv)
Calculate the power delivered to the resistive load.
power delivered = . W [1]
SAJC 2010
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14
(a)
Distinguish between the conduction band and the valence band.
.... [2]
(b)
Table 6.1 below shows the colour, wavelength and photon energy of
light emitted by three sources.
colour
red
green
blue
wavelength / nm
650
550
450
photon energy / eV
1.91
2.26
2.76
Table 6.1
Suggest why
(i)
an insulator like glass may be transparent to all three colours.
.. [2]
(ii)
metals are opaque and reflective to all three colours.
.. [2]
SAJC 2010
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15
(c)
State two differences between p-type semiconductors and n-type

semiconductors.
.... [2]
SAJC 2010
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16
For thousands of years, Man has studied the night sky and some ancient
buildings provide evidence of careful and patient astronomical observations
by people of many different cultures. As instrumentation has improved, so has
the precision with which astronomical observations could be made. Between
1576 and 1597, Brah made comprehensive observations of planetary
positions and, on his death, these records became available to Kepler.
Kepler was able to interpret the observations and deduced three laws, one of
which had a great impact on later discoveries. He deduced that, for a circular
orbit of a planet around the Sun, if T is the period of rotation and r is the radius
of the orbit, then
T2 r3 .
As a result of Kepler's work Newton formulated the law of gravitation.
(a)
(i)
State an equation representing Newton's law of gravitation,

explaining the symbols used.
[2]
(ii)
By relating the gravitational force on a planet to the centripetal

acceleration it causes, show that, for a circular orbit,
42r3
T = GM .
2
[2]
SAJC 2010
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17
(b)
The planet Jupiter has a number of moons. Data for some of these are
given in Fig. 7.1.
moon
period
T/days
Mean distance from

centre of Jupiter r/109m
log10(T/days)
log10(r/m)
Sinope
758
23.7
2.88
10.37
Leda
239
11.1
Callisto
16.7
1.88
Lo
1.77
0.422
Metis
0.295
0.128
-0.530
8.11
Fig. 7.1
(c)
(i)
Complete Fig. 7.1 by calculating values for log10(T/days) and

[1]
log10(r/m).
(ii)
On the axes of Fig. 7.2, plot a graph of log10(T/days) against

log10(r/m).
[2]
(i)
Determine the gradient of the graph in Fig. 7.2.
gradient = .. [1]
(ii)
Hence discuss whether the data in Fig. 7.1 support the relation
given in (a)(ii).
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
..........[3]
SAJC 2010
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18
log10 (T / days)
Fig. 7.2
SAJC 2010
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19
(d)
Observation shows that the moon Ganymede orbits Jupiter with a

period of 7.16 days. Use the graph of Fig. 7.2 to estimate the orbital
radius of Ganymede.
radius = .. m [2]
(e)
Suggest whether the graph of Fig. 7.2 could be used to check data on
the orbital radii and periods of the moons of another planet (e.g.
Saturn).
...
...
...
...
. [2]
SAJC 2010
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20
Section B
It is recommended that you spend about 30 minutes on this section.
A motor engineer wishes to investigate how a spark may be produced under

different conditions. The spark is formed across a fixed gap in a device known
as a spark plug when a high voltage is applied across its electrodes.
Fig. 8.1 shows a typical spark plug.
air gap
Fig. 8.1
You are required to design an experiment in the laboratory to investigate how
the pressure of the air affects the minimum voltage required to generate a
spark across a gap between two electrodes.
In your account you should pay particular attention to the following
(a)
the basic procedure to be followed,
(b)
the control of variables,
(c)
how the minimum voltage required to generate a spark is achieved,
(d)
any relevant design features of your experiment.
You may assume that the following apparatus is available, together with any
other standard equipment which may be found in a school or college science
laboratory.
Electrodes with connecting leads
Pump
Pressure chamber
Variable high voltage supply
Pressure gauge
Voltmeter
[ 12 ]
SAJC 2010
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21
Diagram
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
SAJC 2010
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22
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
SAJC 2010
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23
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/02
End
ofOver
Paper
[Turn
Class
Index Number
Name
09
JC 2 2010
PHYSICS, Higher 2
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions
9646/03
20th September 2010

(1400 Hrs 1600 Hrs)
2 hours
Candidates answer all questions on the question paper.

No additional materials are required.
Write your name, index number and Civics Group on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Section A
Section B
Answer any two questions.
You are advised to spend about one hour on each section.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
For Examiners Use
Section A
/ 40
Section B
/ 40
Total
/ 80
This question paper consists of 24 printed pages.
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/03
[Turn Over
Data
= 3.00 x 108 m s-1
= 4 x 10-7 H m-1
= 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1

(1 / (36)) x 10-9 F m-1
elementary charge,
= 1.60 x 10-19 C
= 6.63 x 10-34 J s
= 1.66 x 10-27 kg
me
= 9.11 x 10-31 kg
mp
= 1.67 x 10-27 kg
molar gas constant,
= 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
NA
= 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1
= 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2
= 9.81 m s-2
SAJC 2010
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Formulae
s
= ut + at2
v2
= u2 + 2as
= pV
= gh
Gm
=- r
= x0 sint
= v0 cost
= ( x 02 x 2 )
E
3
= 2 kT
= R1 + R2 +
1/R
= 1/R1 + 1/R2 +
electric potential,
= x0 sint
exp(-2kd)
where k
Q
4 0 r
8 2m(U E)
h2
radioactive decay,
= x0 exp(-t)
decay constant,
0.693
t1
2
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/03
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Section A
Answer all the questions in this section.
(a)
For a spacecraft launched into the outer regions of the solar system, it
is not practical to have its battery recharged by solar panels. Such
spacecrafts use Plutonium-238 (Pu-238), which is an alpha emitter with
a half-life of 88 years, as fuel.
(i)
If each alpha particle is emitted with a kinetic energy of 5.0 MeV,

calculate that the minimum activity of the source required to
produce an alpha particle beam of 20 W.
activity = .. Bq [2]
(ii)
Show that the decay constant, , of Pu-238 is 2.5 x 10-10 s-1. [1]
(iii)
Calculate the mass of Pu-238 required to generate the activity

shown in (i).
mass = kg [3]
SAJC 2010
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(iv)
Plutonium is one of the most dangerous radioactive substances

known. It has been estimated that even a small amount of this
substance, suitably distributed, would be enough to kill more
than a billion people. Comment on the risks on the population on
Earth involved in using plutonium as a fuel for spacecraft.
...
...
...
...
[2]
(b)
The radioactive isotope, Iodine-131, with a half-life of 30 years, and

Caesium-137, with a half-life of 8 days, are the nuclear wastes
generated from nuclear power plants.
Consider that each of these wastes is of similar mass and sufficient to
pose a hazard initially, explain which of these nuclear wastes should
be stored for a longer period of time.
...
...
...
...
[2]
SAJC 2010
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(a)
Fig. 2.1 shows the variation of displacement y with time t of a sound

wave incident on a persons ear drum.
Fig. 2.1
Assume that the eardrum vibrates with simple harmonic motion and
with the same frequency and amplitude as the incident sound wave.
(i)
State the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating eardrum.

amplitude = m [1]
frequency = ..Hz [1]
(ii)
Calculate the mass of a human eardrum if the maximum kinetic

energy of the oscillating eardrum is 2.4 10-19 J.
mass = kg [2]
SAJC 2010
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(iii)
On the axes of Fig. 2.2, sketch a clearly labelled graph to show

the variation of the velocity of the ear drum v with displacement y.
Fig. 2.2
(b)
[2]
During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the Vuvuzela (refer to Fig. 2.3), the
South African musical horn, was badly received by some television
viewers as the playing of the horns by the stadium spectators created a
constant annoying humming sound for the viewers.
Fig. 2.3
Audio engineers have suggested the use of noise-cancelling
technology to generate tones of approximately 235 Hz, 470 Hz and
705 Hz to cancel out the humming sounds.
By considering the Vuvuzela to be a 70 cm long pipe with two open
ends and taking the speed of sound to be 330 m s-1, explain the choice
of the frequencies used and suggest how this method could cancel out
the humming sounds.
[4]
SAJC 2010
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In one photoelectric experiment, a sodium surface was illuminated

with monochromatic light of suitable wavelength. The emitted
photoelectrons were collected at an adjacent electrode. The way in
which the photocurrent I depends on the potential difference V
between the collector and emitter is shown in Fig. 3.1 below.
-Vs
Vext
Fig. 3.1
(a)
Fig. 3.1 shows that, for slightly positive values of V, the value of
I is constant. Give a physical explanation for this.
..
.[1]
(b)
When the potential difference is changed from zero to negative values

of V, the value of I falls from its constant value to zero. Give a physical
explanation for this.
...
...
...
.[2]
(c)
SAJC 2010
Draw on the graph (Fig. 3.1) above, the results of another experiment
using light of higher frequency but of the same power.
[2]
Prelims/9646/03
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(d)
When the emitter is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of

photon energy 4.7 eV at a power of 3.8 mW, the constant
current is 0.8 x 10-8 A and the current goes to zero at -0.5 V.
(i)
Calculate the rate at which the photons are incident on

the emitter.
rate of photons = .. s-1
(ii)
Calculate the maximum rate at which electrons leave the

emitter.
rate of electrons = . s-1
(iii)
[2]
[1]
Suggest two reasons for the difference between the

two answers above.
...
...
...
...
.[2]
SAJC 2010
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10
(a)
Fig. 4.1 shows a cell of e.m.f. 2.0 V and internal resistance 0.20
connected in parallel to two identical lamps L1 and L2. The ammeters
A1 and A2 in the circuit have negligible resistance and A2 reads 0.50 A.
A1
A2
2.0 V
0.20
L2
L1
Fig. 4.1
(i)
Calculate the potential difference across L1.
potential difference = V [2]
(ii)
If another identical lamp L3 is connected in parallel with L1 and L2,

explain whether the current in ammeter A1 remains the same,
increases or decreases.
...
...
...
...
.[2]
SAJC 2010
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11
(b)
Fig. 4.2 shows a circuit which is used to measure the emf of Cell Y.
Cell Y
8.0
Cell X, 2.00 V
Fig. 4.2
Cell X has an e.m.f. of 2.00 V and negligible internal resistance. It is
connected in series with a 8.0 resistor and resistance wire AB. The
resistance wire AB has a length 100.0 cm and a resistance, 2.0 .
(i)
Calculate the potential difference across AB.
potential difference = V [1]
(ii)
The movable contact J is now moved along AB. When the

galvanometer indicates a zero reading, the length AJ is 30.0 cm.
Calculate the e.m.f., in mV, of Cell Y.
e.m.f.= .... V [2]
SAJC 2010
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12
(iii)
Without changing the length AB, suggest three modifications to

the circuit of Fig. 4.2 that would cause the contact J to be closer
to A when the galvanometer gives a zero reading.
1. ..
..[1]
2. ..
[1]
3. ..
[1]
SAJC 2010
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13
Section B
Answer two questions from this section.
(a)
(i)
State Newtons first law of motion and show how it leads to the
concept of force.
..
..
..
..
.[2]
(ii)
Newtons second law states that the rate of change of

momentum of a body is proportional to the resultant force acting
on it.
Show how this law, together with a suitable definition of the unit
of force, leads to the relationship F = ma for a body of constant
mass.
[3]
(b)
A stone is dropped from a point a few metres above the Earths surface.
Considering the system of stone and Earth, discuss briefly how the
principle of conservation of momentum applies before the impact of the
stone with the Earth.
...
..
..
..
..[3]
SAJC 2010
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14
(c)
A stationary radium nucleus ( 224

88 Ra) of mass 224 u spontaneously
emits an -particle ( 42 He) of mass 4 u. The -particle is emitted with an
energy of 9.2 x 10-13 J and the reaction gives rise to a nucleus of radon
(Rn).
(i)
Write down a nuclear equation to represent the -decay of a

[1]
radium nucleus.
(ii)
Show that the speed at which the -particle is ejected from the
radium nucleus is 1.7 x 107 m s-1.
[2]
(iii)
Calculate the speed of the radon nucleus on emission of the

-particle. Explain how the principle of conservation of linear
momentum is applied in your calculation.
[3]
SAJC 2010
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15
(d)
(i)
Define the centre of gravity of an object.
.
.. [1]
(ii)
State the principle of moments.
.
.. [1]
(iii)
Fig. 5.1 shows a massive column held stationary in position by a

group of people pulling at a rope.
Fig. 5.1
The 4.0 m high column has a mass of 180 kg and its centre of
gravity X is at a distance of 2.3 m from the base. The rope
makes an angle of 350 to the column and the column itself
makes an angle of 450 to the horizontal.
1. Show that the moment exerted by the weight of the column

about the base is 2.9 x 103 N m.
[2]
2. Calculate the tension T in the rope.
T = N [2]
SAJC 2010
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16
(a)
(i)
There is no attraction between the molecules of an ideal gas.

Use this information to explain why the internal energy of an
ideal gas is proportional to its temperature.
[3]
(ii)
Hence, explain how this relationship between the internal energy

of an ideal gas and the absolute temperature, gives rise to the
concept of an absolute zero of temperature.
[2]
SAJC 2010
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17
(b)
Fig. 6.1 represents how the temperature of a small mass of water

changes when it is heated steadily from room temperature to above its
boiling point in a large sealed container.
Fig. 6.1
Describe and explain the features of the graph in terms of the changes
which occur to the separation of the molecules and to their potential
and kinetic energies. Three distinct sections of the graph have been
labelled to aid your description.
(i)
A to B
[2]
(ii)
B to C
[2]
(iii)
C to D
[2]
SAJC 2010
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18
(c)
This question is about the atmosphere treated as an ideal gas.
(i)
The equation of state of an ideal gas is pV = nRT. Data about

gases are often given in terms of density rather than volume V.
Show that the equation of state for a gas can be written as
RT
p= M
where M is the mass of one mole of gas.
[2]
SAJC 2010
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19
(ii)
One simple model of the atmosphere assumes that air behaves

as an ideal gas at a constant temperature. Using this model the
pressure p of the atmosphere at a temperature of 20 C varies
with height h above the Earths surface as shown in Fig. 6.2.
Fig. 6.2
Use data from the graph to show that the variation of pressure
with height follows an exponential relationship.
[3]
(iii)
The ideal gas equation in (c)(i) shows that, at constant

temperature, pressure p is proportional to density . Use data
from Fig. 6.2 to find the density of the atmosphere at a height of
8.0 km. (Density of air at h = 0 m is 1.3 kg m3)
= .............................................. kg m 3 [2]
SAJC 2010
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20
(iv)
In the real atmosphere the density, pressure and temperature all

decrease with height. At the summit of Mt. Everest, 8.0 km
above sea level, the pressure is only 0.30 of that at sea level.
Take the temperature at the summit to be 23 C and at sea
level to be 20 C. Calculate, using the ideal gas equation, the
density of the air at the summit.
(Density of air at sea level = 1.3 kg m3)
= ............................................. kg m 3 [2]
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/03
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21
(a)
Electrons from a filament source enter a region between the parallel

plates after being accelerated by an electric field. Fig. 7.1 below shows
the electrons travelling horizontally at a speed of 2.50 x 107 m s-1
entering the pair of parallel plates.
+V
40 mm
7
2.5 x 10 m s
-1
Fig. 7.1
(i)
0V
The electrons deviate by 30 on leaving the parallel

plate of 80.0 mm long. The separation between the plates is
40.0 mm.
Calculate the time taken for the electrons to traveling through
the plates.
time = .. s [1]
(ii)
Calculate the vertical component of the velocity when the

electrons exit the parallel plates.
vertical component of velocity = m s-1 [2]
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/03
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22
(iii)
Hence calculate the acceleration of the electrons.
acceleration = ..m s-2 [1]
(iv)
Calculate the p.d. V between the two plates.
p.d. = V [2]
(b)
A magnetic field is applied to the region of the electric field in Fig. 7.1
so that the electrons pass straight through undeflected.
(i)
Indicate in words or sketch the direction of the magnetic flux

density for Fig. 7.1 in the space below.
[1]
(ii)
Calculate the magnetic flux density required to produce this

effect.
magnetic flux density = T [2]
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/03
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23
(iii)
The electrons that passes straight through are allowed to hit a

tungsten target. Calculate the wavelength of the most energetic
x-ray photons produced.
wavelength = m [2]
(c)
The parallel plates in Fig. 7.1 are removed but the magnetic field is
kept at the same value and direction.
(i)
Draw the path taken by the electrons in the magnetic field in the
space below.
[1]
(ii)
Calculate the radius of curvature of these electrons.
radius = .. m
(iii)
[2]
Determine the speed of the electrons upon leaving the field.

Explain your reasoning.
[2]
SAJC 2010
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24
(d)
The magnetic field in part (c) above is removed. The speed of the
electron is reduced and the rate of electrons reduced to one per
second. The electrons are allowed to hit a microgrid with a vacuumdeposited gold film. It was found that high quality interference patterns
are observed on photographic films placed beyond the microgrid.
(i)
Explain how the electrons can produce the interference pattern

even when there is only one electron per second approaching
the grid.
[3]
(ii)
State how the interference pattern can be made wider by

changing the properties of the electrons only.
[1]
SAJC 2010
Prelims/9646/03
End
ofOver
Paper
[Turn

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ST. ANDREWS JUNIOR COLLEGE

22nd September 2010

Additional Materials: Optical Mark Sheet (OMS)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Instructions for using the Optical Mark Sheet (OMS)

For Students Use

This Question Paper consists of 18 printed pages

= 3.00 x 108 m s-1

permeability of free space,

permittivity of free space,

= 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1

the Planck constant,

unified atomic mass constant,

rest mass of electron,

rest mass of proton,

molar gas constant,

= 8.31 J K-1 mol-1

the Avogadro constant,

= 6.02 x 1023 mol-1

the Boltzmann constant,

= 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1

= 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2

acceleration of free fall,

work done on/by a gas,

displacement of particle in s.h.m.,

velocity of particle in s.h.m.,

uniformly accelerated motion,

Which of the following provides the most accurate estimate?

A Fomula One car travels a distance of (100 1) m from rest. If the

Which of the following is a random error?

Error as a result of using g = 10 m s2, instead of g = 9.81 m s-2

Frankie throws a small rubber ball vertically downwards at a speed of

A device launches two identical balls, x and y, simultaneously in a horizontal

x hits the ground before y as it is closer to the launch site.

A ball of mass m is released from rest from point Y which is at a height of h

Three charges +2q, -q and +q are placed at the corners W, X and Y of a

A fourth charge Q is placed at Z, after which the charge X experiences a net

at the top of the path when v >

at the top of the path when v <

at the bottom of the path when v >

at the bottom of the path when v <

In a ride at an entertainment park, a person sits in a cage which moves in a

A car of mass 1000 kg travels at a constant speed of 8 m s-1 up a slope

Which diagram shows the variation of gravitational force F on a point mass,

When a 1 kg mass is taken from X to Y the work done on the mass is

An ideal gas undergoes the cycle of pressure and volume changes

Work done by the gas in

Net work done by the gas

Which statement about the motion of elements of the string is correct?

The speed of the element at P is a maximum.

Which one of the following could be an effect of critical damping?

Light of wavelength 550 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating having

A toilet door takes a long time to close after a student enters.

Two wave generators S1 and S2 produce water waves of wavelength 0.5 m. A

A closed insulated wire with a circular kink is placed in a uniform magnetic

It is oscillating in the X and Y direction

An electron moves in a circular orbit in a uniform magnetic field. Which of the

The period of the orbit is independent of the speed of the electron.

out of the page

Charges of 2 C and -2 C situated at points P and Q respectively as shown.

The diagram shows a circuit consisting of five 1- resistors. A multimeter is

The resistance measured between B and C is 0.5 .