CamSur DraftCLUP

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
CANAMAN, CAMARINES SUR

2013 2023 ( draft 29 January 2014)
Preliminary Pages
Resolution adopting the CLUP and enacting the ZO
Foreword
All local government units are mandated by law, specifically the Local Government Code of 1991, to prepare comprehensive land use plans, enacted through
zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources.
On its part, the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board has crafted several volumes of guidelines to help the local government units and serve as guide in the
formulation or updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUP) and Zoning Ordinances.
These all become more significant as the municipality of Canaman is experiencing considerable growth and change. Like any area undergoing change, the
municipality is facing a range of challenges which, if capitalized on, present great opportunities for Canaman.
The CLUP outlines the challenges and opportunities being experienced by the municipality, and ways to respond to these. Being a land use plan, the CLUP
focuses on places, and the geographical areas impacted by the various challenges and opportunities. The CLUP sets the framework for the municipalitys
Zoning Ordinance, which contains guidelines as to what can be developed on any piece of land in the municipality.
The CLUP also provides localized strategies to support the direction outlined in the National Physical Framework Plan, Regional Physical Framework Plan and
Provincial Physical Framework Plan. It has been guided by the principles of the Philippine Agenda 21 (PA21), which is the national agenda for sustainable
development. PA 21 envisions a better quality of life for all through the development of a just, moral, creative, spiritual, economically-vibrant, caring, diverse
yet cohesive society characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory and democratic process and living in harmony within the limits of the carrying
capacity of nature and the integrity of creation1.
As quoted in HLURB Guidelines for preparing a CLUP, Volume 1, page 7-8.
Acknowledgement
The CLUP was prepared through the Municipal Planning and Development Office, working closely with a Technical Working Group containing
representatives of the Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal Agricultural, Environment and Natural Resources Office, Municipal Social Welfare &
Development Office and Municipal Budget Office. Regular consultations, workshops, formal and informal dialogues were conducted to gather/validate
information and consider inputs from other municipal offices, elected officials, external stakeholders and the communities.
Acknowledgement, then, is due to all who participated in the consultations in the 24 barangays, especially the barangay officials who helped in the
realization of the activities.
Likewise, we would like to thank all the participants in the various workshops conducted in the course of the preparation of this document.
Equal appreciation is given to all the municipal offices of Canaman, including the national government agencies in the municipality, for providing the
needed information and suggestions, and even accommodating informal discussions on issues relative to their respective fields.
The elected municipal officials of Canaman, headed by the Municipal Mayor and Municipal Vice-Mayor are also acknowledged for their active
participation and commitment in the CLUP activities.
Special mention is due to the men and women of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) V for their valuable assistance and constant
encouragement to finish the three-volume CLUP, Zoning Ordinance and Sectoral Analysis document.
Lastly, another special recognition is accorded to our Australian Volunteer who patiently assisted us and unselfishly shared his expertise that immensely
helped the completion of the CLUP, the Sectoral Studies and the Zoning Ordinance.
Table of Contents
Preliminary Pages ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Resolution adopting the CLUP and enacting the ZO ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
List of Maps ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
List of Photos ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1 Background to the CLUP......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Role of volume 1 and relationship with volumes 2 and 3...................................................................................................................................................... 9
2. Brief Profile................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Brief History.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Human Resources................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
2.3 Physical Features (Geographic Location, Territorial Jurisdiction, Barangay Subdivision) ................................................................................................... 16
2.4 Physical/Infrastructure Resources ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.5 Social Services Facilities/Utilities/Amenities........................................................................................................................................................................ 21
2.6 Utilities: Power, Water, Communication Network, Waste Management ........................................................................................................................... 29
2.7 The Economic Structure ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.8 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.9 Comparative/Competitive Advantages ................................................................................................................................................................................ 41
2.10
Weaknesses: Priority Issues and Concerns ...................................................................................................................................................................... 42
2.11
Functional Role of the Municipality ................................................................................................................................................................................. 43
3. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan .............................................................................................................................................................................. 44
3.1 Vision/Mission ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
3.2 Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45
3.3 The Concept/Structure Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46
3.4 The Land Use Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
3.5 Land & Water Use Policies ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
3.6 Priority Programs and Projects ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 57
List of Maps
Map 1: Location of Canaman within Camarines Sur and the Philippines........................................................................................................................................... 16
Map 2: Administrative map showing locations of each barangay, and neighboring municipalities. ................................................................................................ 17
Map 3: Existing road network circulation map, LGU Canaman. ......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Maps 4a-d: Examples of flood, tsunami and sea level rise hazard mapping. Refer to CLUP Volume 3 for more detail................................................................... 20
Map 5: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
Map 6: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Map 7: Concept / Structure Map, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023............................................................................................................................................................ 49
Map 8: Proposed Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023. .................................................................................................................................................................... 53
List of Figures
Figure 1: Population distribution by age and gender, LGU Canaman, CY 2007 and 2010. ................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 2: Population Distribution, CY 2010, LGU Canaman. ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 3: Population size and annual growth rates, LGU Canaman, Camarines Sur, Bicol Region and the Philippines, 1918-2010 (select years)........................... 13
Figure 4: Population Density, LGU Canaman, CY 2010. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 5: Provision of utilities to households, LGU Canaman, CY 2000 and 2009.............................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 6: Structure of the Economy, LGU Canaman, DATE. ............................................................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 7: Poverty Incidence, LGU Canaman, 2009.............................................................................................................................................................................. 37
List of Tables
Table 2: Labor force population by sex and employment status, LGU Canaman and Philippines, CY 2009. ..................................................................................... 15
Table 3: Population projections based on the ten-year growth rate of 1.69% per annum, LGU Canaman, 2010-2023. ................................................................. 15
Table 4: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Table 5: Future Land Use based upon Proposed Land Use Plan, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023. ........................................................................................................... 51
List of Photos
Photo 1: Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit memorial in barangay San Nicolas. ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Photos 2a and b: Municipal and barangay level health facilities, LGU Canaman. ............................................................................................................................. 22
Photos 3a-c: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Photos 4 a-c: Examples of different types of housing in Canaman. ................................................................................................................................................... 26
Photos 5 a-c: Examples of sport and recreation facilities in Canaman. ............................................................................................................................................. 28

Photo 6: Agricultural production provide livelihood for many taga-Canaman. ................................................................................................................................. 32
Photos 7a-c: Examples of commercial businesses in Canaman. ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
Photo 8: Many industries in Canaman are involved in agricultural processing. ................................................................................................................................ 34
Photos 9a-e: Potential tourism attractions in Canaman are historical markers, cultural festivals and activities on the Bicol River. .............................................. 35
Photos 10a-b: Households experiencing poverty can be found in both urban and rural barangays. ............................................................................................... 36
1. Introduction
1.1 Background to the CLUP
The Municipality of Canaman is experiencing considerable growth and
change. Like any area undergoing change, the municipality is facing a
range of challenges which, if capitalized on, present great opportunities
for Canaman.
infrastructure investment, agriculture, the environment and economic

development plans.
The municipality has recently updated its Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP) to provide a responsive and up-to-date plan for land use and
development.
The CLUP outlines the challenges and opportunities being experienced by
the municipality, and ways to respond to these. Being a land use plan,
the CLUP focuses on places, and the geographical areas impacted by the
various challenges and opportunities. The CLUP sets the framework for
the municipalitys Zoning Ordinance, which contains guidelines as to what
can be developed on any piece of land in the municipality.
The CLUP was prepared by the Municipal Planning and Development
Office, working closely with a Technical Working Group containing
representatives of the Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal
Agricultural, Environment and Natural Resources Office, Municipal Social
Welfare & Development Office and Municipal Budget Office. There was
regular consultation and input from other municipality offices, elected
officials, external stakeholders and the community.
The CLUP paves the way for more detailed planning in areas such as
annual budgeting, urban growth plans, disaster risk reduction,
The CLUP also provides localized strategies to support the direction

outlined in the National Physical Framework Plan, Regional Physical
Framework Plan and Provincial Physical Framework Plan. It has been
guided by the principles of the Philippine Agenda 21 (PA21), which is the
national agenda for sustainable development. PA 21 envisions a better

quality of life for all through the development of a just, moral, creative,
spiritual, economically-vibrant, caring, diverse yet cohesive society
characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory and democratic
process and living in harmony within the limits of the carrying capacity of
nature and the integrity of creation2.
Sustainable development as defined in the PA 21 (1996) is harmonious
integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance,
social cohesion and ecological integrity, to ensure that development is a
life-sustaining process.3 PA 21 has five goal elements, as follows:
Poverty Reduction: Poverty is a central concern of sustainable
development. Consistent with this, PA 21 has a poverty reduction
agenda that includes measures to create an enabling economic
environment for sustained and broad-based growth; improve
employment, productivity and income; and attain food security.
Social Equity: Social equity should mean allocation of resources on
the bases of efficiency and equity to achieve balanced
development. Efficiency and equity mean the channeling of
resources to developing areas where greater economic benefits
accumulate and where there is greater need, distribution being
dependent on the practicality and urgency of needs.
Empowerment and Good Governance: Empowerment is a
precondition of informal choices. Good governance is a necessary
precondition to empowerment, as empowerment is to good
governance. These two are a defining element of each other.
Peace and Solidarity: The cycle of poverty and conflict goes on as
the costs of war escalate in terms of various kinds of destruction
2
3
while withholding funds for basic services, resulting in more

poverty and underdevelopment.
Ecological Integrity: In general, the path towards enhancing the
integrity of the countrys ecological domain will have to involve
heightened and sustained implementation of environmental laws,
as well as the continued pursuit of resource conservation, and
environmental restoration/enhancement programs.
Finally, the CLUP has been developed in accordance with the Housing and
Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) Guidelines for Preparing a CLUP, with
technical inputs provided by HLURB personnel throughout the
development of the plan.
1.2 Role of volume 1 and relationship with volumes 2 and 3

The CLUP exists in three inter-related volumes, which can be read
individually and together.
This volume, Volume 1, provides the context for the planning period
(2013-2023) in the form of an overview of the background and baseline
data, maps and information that are covered in more detail in Volume 3,
the Sectoral Studies.
This volume also contains the Comprehensive Land Use Plan itself, a ten
year plan for land use and development for Canaman. This plan builds
upon the municipalitys vision and mission, and sectoral goals and
objectives, to provide a land use plan and associated land use policies.
The later consist of guidelines, methods, procedures and rules that will
guide land use and development in the municipality, and provide
direction for Volume 2, the Zoning Ordinance.
As quoted in HLURB Guidelines for preparing a CLUP, Volume 1, page 7-8.

Ibid.
Canaman CLUP 2013 2023 Volume 1 The Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Page
2. Brief Profile
2.1 Brief History
2.1.1 Etymology of Canamans name
It is now part of the collective memory of taga-Canaman that the area
now known as Canaman was thickly forested before the area entered
western consciousness and recorded annals. According to Jesuit
anthropologist Frank X. Lynch, the towns name is derived from cana, a
tree used as building material suffixed with man. Canaman native Bicol
historian Danilo M. Gerona argues that the cana tree produced wood
used as a decorative material. Canamans antiquity is demonstrated by
the native terms carried by many early barangays such as Poro which is an
ancient Bicol word for island; Calambog which is a variety of mambog
tree; Baras which derived from a heap of palay accumulated during
threshing; Taculod which is an ancient term for little humps of land;
Tibgao which came from a specie of hemp; also, Gogon which is a grass.
2.1.2 Historical Background
According to Gerona, Canaman has been in
existence as a thriving Christian community
for over 400 years. Through the centuries,
its landscape has transformed into a
developing suburban town from a cluster of
isolated barangays of timbers and kamaligs
along the trail of Kulakogs masculinity, the
Bicol River.
From a mere visita of Nueva Caceres,
Canaman became a doctrina during the
third Franciscan Chapter meeting held in
Manila in June 1583 presided by Fray Pablo
de Jesus. This marked the birth of the
municipality as a vibrant Christian community. The first concrete church

was constructed in 1590s through its first parish priest Fray Pedro Matias
de Andrade who was later elected fifth bishop of Nueva Caceres in 1613.
It was dedicated to Our Lady of Assumption whose feast falls on the 15th
of August each year. The church was reconstructed in 1669 during the
tenure of Fray Acacio de la Concepcion.
In February 1711, a few years after Miguel Robles de Covarrubias
introduced the devotion to the Virgin of Peafrancia to Bicolanos,
Canaman was said to have witnessed one of its earliest miracles. The
whole town went to Peafrancia shrine in Nueva Caceres with Fray
Matias Guadalupe to appeal for rain due to the severe drought that
blighted the whole province that year. It rained heavily after the High
Mass in such a manner that the rains continued, with a few days break,
up to the last week of March. Rice fields recovered and everyone enjoyed
a good harvest. Other connections of the municipality to the Peafrancia
devotion were Don Angel Rosaless contribution to the beautification of
the shrine in 1865 and the publication of Apolonio Sto. Tomas verses on
the story of the Our Lady in 1933.
For centuries, the town remained as one of the most faithful subjects to
Spain in the province. Even in the late 19th century, the absence of a
strong intellectual base preserved the municipalitys highly conservative
outlook in both politics and religion. In 1900, militant taga-Canaman
burned their church after they heard that Americans are closing in. It was
an act of self-immolation and effort to save the old church from
desecration at the hands of the invaders. Several taga-Canaman were
suspected of collaboration with the Filipino Revolutionary Army which
resulted in the establishment of a garrison in the town and the
replacement of the local force. In 1902, Canaman was annexed to Naga
City and was under its administration. However, seven years later,
Canaman regained its former status as an independent town in 1909
Page
10
through Rep. Tomas Arejola, brother of Gen. Ludovico Arejola and over-all
commander of the Filipino Revolutionary Army in Ambos Camarines.
Photo 1: Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit memorial in barangay San Nicolas.
On 8 March 1942, taga-Canaman formally organized the Tangcong Vaca

Guerilla Unit, one of the least known local fighting forces in the province
in response to Japanese oppression. The guerilla unit was founded by
Elias V. Madrid in barangay San Nicolas. Maj. Juan Q. Miranda, his
nephew, served as the Commanding Officer while Leon SA. Aureus, from
Libmanan acted as the Executive Officer. Miranda became the
representative of the district after the War and he progressed the
cityhood of Naga. The battle for the liberation of Naga was launched on 9
April 1945 and produced an authentic hero in 22 year-old guerilla Lt.
Delfin C. Rosales whose roots were from Canaman. A park was recently
established in San Nicholas which includes a marker in honor of the
Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit.
2.2 Human Resources
Page
Figure 1: Population distribution by age and gender, LGU Canaman, CY 2007 and 2010.
2.2.1 Population
As of CY 2010 NSO Census, Canaman had a total population of 32,390,
representing 1.8% of the total population of the province of Camarines
Sur. Males slightly outnumber the females as represented by the sex-ratio
of 102 males per 100 females. This sex ratio is the same with the national
figure but lower than both the regional and provincial figure of 105 males
for every 100 females. Figure 1 shows the comparative age-sex pyramid
of population for CY 2007 & 2000 revealing a typical and almost identical
distribution through the years. The median age is 20 for both censal
years, meaning half of the population is below the age of 20.
Data Source: NSO 2000 Census, NSO 2007 Census.
11
2.2.2 Population Distribution

Canamans population distribution can be categorized into two groups
and is aptly described by the urban-rural dichotomy used by the NSO.
The majority (61%) of Canamans population reside in the 9 urban
barangays and the remaining 39% are distributed throughout the 16 rural
barangays.
Figure 2 illustrates the geographic distribution of the population of

Canaman per barangay for CY 2010, showing the concentration of people
in the urban barangays with the top 5 populated barangays located near
Naga City (del Rosario, San Vicente, Haring, San Agustin & Baras). This
situation is likewise reflected in the land use pattern wherein these five
barangays are the location of subdivisions which are home not only to
taga-Canaman but also to people from other places who access Naga
Citys services and institutions.
Figure 2: Population Distribution, CY 2010, LGU Canaman.
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12
Data Source: NSO 2010 Census.
2.2.3 Historical Growth of Population

Canaman has experienced a steady increase in population but a
fluctuating growth rate in recent years. Based on the 2010 NSO Census,
the municipality has a population of 32,390 representing 1.91% of the
total population of the province of Camarines Sur.
However, between the past three censal years, the municipality
experienced a slowing growth rate. The 1995-2000 growth rate was
4.05% per annum, while the 2000-2007 growth rate was 1.88% per
annum and 2007-2010 growth rate was 0.84%, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Population size and annual growth rates, LGU Canaman, Camarines Sur, Bicol Region
and the Philippines, 1918-2010 (select years).
The spike in the growth rate during the 1990s can be largely attributed to
inward migration especially due to the subdivision boom in urban
barangays. This facilitated an influx of migrants to several subdivisions in
Barangays del Rosario, San Vicente, Haring & San Agustin that responded
to the high demand of housing associated with Naga Citys rapid growth.
The other observed migration incidence in Canaman is due to marriage.
On the other hand, the slower growth rate in the first decade of 2000
may be attributable to aggressive housing projects in Naga City, such as
the subdivisions in nearby barangays Calauag, Naga City and in the upland
portion of Naga City (San Felipe to Pacol & Carolina/ Cararayan). These
developments reduce demand for housing in
Canaman by providing alternatives in and
around Naga.
Page
In addition, out-migration is another probable

reason behind the diminishing growth rate of
the municipality. This was noted during the
Comprehensive Development Planning of the
municipality in 2010 in consultations
participated by various LGU functionaries and
sectoral representatives. It was observed that a
considerable number of the labor force, college
graduates or not, look for job outside of the
town.
2.2.4 Population Density
The municipal population density for Canaman
in 2007 was 7 persons per hectare which is
more than twice than that of Camarines Sur for
the same period at 3 persons per hectare. The
computed average population density of the
Data Source: NSO Census (various years)
13
urban barangays is 35 persons per hectare which is well above that of the
rural barangays which is 4 persons per hectare.
properties in the vicinity. The least dense of the 9 urban barangays is

Barangay Sta. Cruz with 12 persons per hectare.
As to population density per barangay, Figure 4 demonstrates a high

concentration of people in the urban areas reflecting their relatively high
urbanization level. Barangay San Agustin is the most dense, with 68
persons per hectare followed by Pangpang at 60 persons per hectare. This
situation likewise highlights the increasing demand for residential
Barangay San Juan and Liaga are the least dense, each having a density
of 1 person per hectare, closely followed by Barangays San Nicolas, San
Francisco & San Jose West with 2 persons per hectare. The most dense of
the 15 rural barangays is Barangay Sta. Teresita at 9 persons per hectare.
Figure 4: Population Density, LGU Canaman, CY 2010.
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14
Data Source: NSO 2010 Census.
2.2.5 Labor Force

In 2009, Canaman had a total of 9,922 persons in the labor force
representing 49.6% of the population, as shown in Table 1. The
employment rate in the municipality was registered at 98.4% meaning
984 persons are employed per 1000 in the labor force while the national
figure is at 925 persons per 1000.
Males still dominate the labor force both in Canaman (66%) and the
entire Philippines (61%) but it can be seen that the national figure is
closer to achieving a sort of gender equality in employment. However, it
is observed that the employment opportunities for both men and women
in the flourishing City of Naga is a force that can help attain gender
equality in employment in Canaman as more women are getting
employed in malls and other service oriented establishments in Naga.
Table 1: Labor force population by sex and employment status, LGU Canaman and Philippines, CY 2009.
MUNICIPAL
SEX
IN THE LABOR
FORCE
EMPLOYED
NATIONAL (,000)
UNEMPLOYED
Female
3,398
3,325
97.9
73
Male
6,524
6,436
98.7
88
Total
9,922
9,761
98.4
161
Source: National Data - NSO/Municipal Data - Municipal CBMS 2009
2.1%
1.3%
1.6%
POPULATION 15
Yrs and Over
IN THE LABOR
FORCE
29,774
29,463
59,237
14,719
23,175
37,894
EMPLOYED
13,657
21,405
35,062
92.8%
92.4%
92.5%
UNEMPLOYED
1,062
1,770
2,832
NOT IN LABOR
FORCE
3.6%
6.0%
1.8%
15,055
6,494
21,549
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2.2.6 Population Projections

The Canaman municipality increased by an average of 1.69% per annum between census years 2000 and 2010. If we assume that the Canaman municipality
continues to grow at a rate of 1.69% each year, the 2010 population of 32,390 will increase to 40,274 people by 2023, as shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2: Population projections based on the ten-year growth rate of 1.69% per annum, LGU Canaman, 2010-2023.
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
32,390
32,937
33,494
34,060
34,636
35,221
35,816
36,422
37,037
37,663
38,300
38,947
39,605
40,274
Data Source: LGU Canaman Population Projections Report, see Appendix B of CLUP Sectoral Studies (Volume 3).
2.3 Physical Features (Geographic Location, Territorial Jurisdiction, Barangay Subdivision)

The Municipality of Canaman is geographically located in the central part of the province of Camarines Sur within the 3rd
Congressional District of the province, as shown in Map 1. It is topographically situated on the estuarine floodplain along the
low lying areas on the northern and western sides of the bank of the Bicol River. Situated about five (5) kilometers
northwest of Naga City, the area is between 133625 and 134000 East longitude and 1230401 and 1231230 North
latitude. It is bounded on the North by the Municipality of Magarao and on the South by the Municipalities of Camaligan and
Gainza. The Eastern portion is bounded by the City of Naga and to the Western side by the Municipalities of Libmanan and
Pamplona the Bicol River serving as a natural boundary (see Map 2).
Covered within the administrative jurisdiction and political subdivision of the municipality are twenty four (24) barangays
with an aggregate area of 4,327.29 hectares. This figure makes the municipality rank 5th in terms of land area among the 35
municipalities and 2 cities of the province.
Presently, fifteen (15) barangays are classified as rural barangays and nine (9) are considered urban barangays. The
urban barangays are clustered in the Eastern portion near Naga City which indicates the influence of development
of Naga City. Barangay Dinaga is the seat of political, administrative institutional and socio-cultural activities of
the municipality. The remaining fifteen barangays which are classified as rural barangays are found in the
western portion of the municipality. Some of these are called as coastal barangays although they are
not along a coast line but are traversed by the Bicol and Canaman Rivers.
The following are the 24 barangays of Canaman:
URBAN BARANGAYS
1. Baras
2. Del Rosario
3. Dinaga
4. Haring
5. Pangpang
6. San Agustin
7. Sta. Cruz
8. San Vicente
9. Tibgao
RURAL BARANGAYS
1. Fundado
10. San Juan
2. Iquin
11. San Nicolas
3. Liaga
12. San Roque
4. Mangayawan
13. Sta. Teresita
5. Palo
14. Sua
6. Poro
15. Talidtid
7. San Francisco
8. San Jose East
9. San Jose West
Map 1: Location of Canaman within Camarines Sur and the Philippines.
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16
Map 2: Administrative map showing locations of each barangay, and neighboring municipalities.
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17
2.4 Physical/Infrastructure Resources

2.4.1 Transportation Network/Linkages
Map 3: Existing road network circulation map, LGU Canaman.
Canaman is connected to the

neighboring City of Naga by a
National Road and is served by 42
public
utility
jeepneys
on
minimum fare. Mobility within the
town is via 167 tricycles, and 453
human-powered padjacks. A total
of 106 kilometers of roads traverse
the 24 barangays of the
municipality, 53% of which are
barangay roads, 25% are provincial
roads, 11% are private subdivision
roads, 8% are national road, and
2% municipal roads.
The Naga Airport located in the
town
of
Pili
is
located
approximately 14 kms away from
Canaman poblacion and is
accessible by land via a well paved
road. The Camaligan Fishing Port is
around 4.5 kms away from the
town center while the nearest sea
port is located in the town of
Pasacao which is approximately 16
kms away from the town.
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18
2.4.1 Natural Hazards and Climate Change

The Municipality of Canaman is situated within the estuarine floodplain of the Bicol River basin. The entire municipality is relatively flat with localized
depressions along the coastal regions. The slope ranges from 0-3 percent. The highest point elevation is about 5meters above mean sea level and the lowest
point elevation being 0.5 meter above mean sea level.
The typically low elevation characteristic of the area makes it prone to seasonal heavy rainfall flashfloods and high tidal occurrences. Drainability of the
flooded areas in the municipality is technically difficult because of low elevation characteristics. A total of 2,505.56 hectares are estimated to be moderately to
severely flooded. The remaining area of 1,821.73 hectares is within the slightly elevated portion and ranges from not flooded to slightly flooded.
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19
Different methods have been developed to map the most vulnerable areas to flooding, sea level rise and typhoons, all with varying levels of accuracy. While
additional work is needed to validate existing maps and improve their accuracy, taken together, they provide a good indication of which parts of the
municipality are most vulnerable. More detail is provided in Volume 3 of the CLUP, the Sectoral Studies, while samples of mapping are included below.
Maps 4a-d: Examples of flood, tsunami and sea level rise hazard mapping. Refer to CLUP Volume 3 for more detail.
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20
Flooding is often related to typhoon events, which frequently strike the Bicol region. Analysis of typhoon data between 2002 and 2012 indicates that than
90% of typhoons occur between April and December each year and majority of these will be during the 3rd and 4th quarters.
The municipality of Canaman belongs to the fourth type of climate, where rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Rainfall is of Type B
(humid) where rain is evenly distributed throughout the year, except in the three dry months between March and May.
However, it has been observed that this climate pattern is now becoming an inconsistent trend. In 2011, PAGASA prepared projections regarding likely
changes to temperature, rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather events for all provinces in the Philippines, demonstrating the following possible trends
for Canaman:
An overall warmer climate, especially during March-April-May (the traditional dry season) and June-July August
More rainfall overall, but with less rain during March-April-May (the traditional dry season) and more rain during June-July-August.
The impacts of such change are wide reaching, from changing the intensity and frequency of storm events to impacting agricultural production and availability
of nutritious food during dry months.
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2.5 Social Services Facilities/Utilities/Amenities

2.5.1 Health Facilities
Canaman has two major health facilities located in Barangay Pangpang the Municipal Health Center and the Municipal Birthing Clinic. Delivery of health
services in Canaman is undertaken by 1 doctor, 1 medical technologist, 2 nurses, 3 midwives, 1 sanitary inspector, 2 job order employees and from time to
time augmented by nurses under special project of Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and/or Provincial Government. An ambulance is stationed in
the aforementioned establishment to transport patients during emergency cases. A total of 73 Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) are the health services force
multipliers in the municipality tasked to extend services in their respective barangays. The BHWs are under the immediate supervision of the municipal
midwives and are equipped with basic health kit such as Blood Pressure Apparatus, thermometers and common medicines.
Photos 2a and b: Municipal and barangay level health facilities, LGU Canaman.
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2.5.2 Solid Waste and Waste Water Facilities

The Local Government Unit of Canaman established a Solid Waste
Management Team complemented by a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
where processing of the Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable materials
occurs. Waste collection is done by the garbage truck and manned by 4
job order staff assigned to collect the segregated wastes at the agreed
collection points in the nine urban barangays. Six job order staff operate
the MRF facility in Baras. Biodegradable waste collection is every
Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays while non-biodegradable is on
Tuesdays and Thursdays.
The volume of agricultural waste generated per day is about 15.083 tons.
Despite these services, the existing practice is composting and/or burning.
Domestic waste generated is 19.379 tons per day and volume of collected
waste is about 6.230 per day. Commercial waste generated about 1.772
tons per day and the collected yields 1.593 tons per day.
As to wastewater, the municipality has no facility devoted solely for
wastewater collection and/or treatment. Other than the septic tanks of
the households for their toilets, the town has no existing wastewater
collection/treatment/disposal facility.
2.5.3 Social Welfare Services

The Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO) of LGU
Canaman play the lead role in the delivery of social services in the
municipality. The office provides social protection and promotes the
rights and welfare of the poor, vulnerable and the disadvantaged
individuals, families and communities of Canaman to contribute to
poverty alleviation and empowerment through a range of policies,
programs, projects and services implemented by the municipality either
with or through the assistance of government agencies, NGOs, private
organizations and other members of the civil society. The main MSWDO
Clientele are: Women; Children and Youth (0-17, 18 to 24 years old);
Persons with Disabilities; Senior Citizens and Other Needy Male Adults.
It is headed by the Municipal Social Welfare Officer and is assisted by 3
permanent staff and two job orders. A myriad of services are handled by
the office, including: (1) assistance to individuals who are in crisis
situation; (2) implementation of laws on children, women and senior

citizens; (3) counseling services; (4) livelihood programs; (4) employment
facilitation; (5) Day Care Services; and (6) Family Support Services. All the
24 barangays have functioning Day Care Centers facilitated by trained Day
Care Workers. The Day Care Parent Group (DCPG) assists the Day Care
Workers in all the 24 barangays in the conduct of their activities such as
Family Life Education and Counseling, Family Planning assistance,
Supplemental feeding and other Day Care Services.
2.5.4 Education
The Municipality of Canaman is served by 18 public elementary schools
and 3 public high schools. Private schools in the municipality are the
Kurtland Pre-School and two tertiary schools: the Aeronautical Academy
of the Philippines and Mariners Polytechnic Colleges Foundation. Across
all institutions, there were a total of 9,847 enrolments in 2011.
The location of educational institutions in Canaman is shown in Map 4:
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Map 5: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman.
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For the past three years, enrollments for all types of education in the municipality have increased. The increasing level indicates the capacity of parents to
send their children in schools, leading to high literacy levels and improved further education and employment prospects.
However, while enrolments are increasing, a long term characteristic has been for parents of taga-Canaman to send their students to both public and private
schools in Naga City and other neighboring municipalities such as Camaligan. It is understood that a key reason for this is a desire amongst parents to access
the higher standard of education available elsewhere. Despite improvements to local schools, this characteristic is still true today in that there were 4,727
students enrolled in public and private elementary and secondary schools in 2011, while the population aged 5-14 years was projected to be 7,384. Although
it is true that some children in the age group may not be attending school, the data nonetheless indicates that many students left the area for education.
Photos 3a-c: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman.
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The Department of Education uses service standard ratios to determine whether there are sufficient staffing and resources to provide students the adequate
attention they require to succeed. Student-teacher and student-classroom ratios for elementary schools across the municipality in 2011 both averaged 1:32,
which indicates that the Department of Educations target student-teacher and student-classroom ratio of 1:35 for elementary schools is being met when data
from all schools is averaged. It should, however be noted that although the target student to teacher and classroom ratios are being met across the entire
municipality, there are some schools that do not meet these targets. Amongst secondary schools, while all schools meet the student-teacher ratios, Sta. Cruz
and Fundado High Schools do not meet the service standard ratio with respect to student-classroom ratios.
With respect to school sites and facilities, Kurtland Elementary School and Aeronautical Academy of the Philippines are renting their facilities while the
remaining school own their site. Most of the classrooms are in fair condition but some needs major and/or minor repairs. All school sites are susceptible to
floods due to heavy rainfall.
2.5.5 Housing
According to a National Statistics Office survey, there was a decrease in
housing ownership in the municipality from 77% in 2000 to 68% in 2007.
However, the same period also showed an increase in lot ownership from
52.7% in 2000 to 68% in 2007. A total of 2,314 or 36% of housing units are
either being rented, occupied for free with consent of owner and
occupied for free without consent of owner or other tenure status. On
the percentage of rent-free occupation of lot, Canaman & Camarines Sur
are almost on the same level at around 24% while the Philippines is at
18%. The relatively high percentage of lots being occupied for free with
consent of owner (24%) can be attributed to the close family ties of the
people wherein relatives or even just family friends or acquaintance are
allowed to use their vacant lots. In addition, many of those who own their
house occupy the lot for free. Although this relieves the families from
additional expense in rent, this is still not ideal on a long term basis as
their tenure is still not secure.
As to construction materials, Community Based Monitoring System survey
conducted in 2009 reveals that 57.8% of the houses in the municipality
were constructed using strong or predominantly strong (i.e. concrete,
brick, stone, wood, galvanized iron) whereas 42.1% or 2,741 of existing
housing units in Canaman were built using predominantly
light/salvaged/makeshift materials. These houses are seen as susceptible
to disaster such as typhoons which are common occurrence in the
municipality. It is estimated that 137 units, representing 5% of the homes
constructed from light/mixed materials, were lost due to obsolescent and
decay in 2009.
Photos 4 a-c: Examples of different types of housing in Canaman.
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During NSO survey in 2000, 60% of the total occupied housing units in
Canaman were in good condition. Some of these needed no repair and
some needed minor or slight repair. Twenty six percent (26%) of the
houses were damaged and needing major repair while the remaining
houses were totally damaged. At the time, one hundred sixty nine houses
were undergoing renovation. Some have not finished the repair and some
continuously refurbishing their damaged house.
A key challenge for the municipality are the increasing numbers of
informal settlers who establishing housing in the municipality. Most of
the informal settlers within the municipality are living in environmentally
sensitive areas, and in some cases, areas at high risk of being impacted by
a flood event. In Barangays Sta. Cruz, Dinaga, Sta Teresita, and Pangpang,
informal settlers are living along sides of the municipal and provincial
roads and are daily expose to traffic hazards.
As residents of the municipality, settlers can access government services,
such as health services and social welfare. Many settlements, however,
lack basic infrastructure such as a sanitary toilet, basic drainage, clean
water, waste disposal and electricity connection. With the passing of
time, some settlers arrange for the connection of some utilities and
services, which represents efforts to establish a more permanent
settlement. Tenure, of course, is one of the major challenges associated
with informal settlements.
Settlers experience vulnerability and
uncertainty when the legal owners and occupiers of land is debated, and
in some cases, can result in settlers being displaced.
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2.5.6 Protective Services

Protective services in the municipality are managed by the Philippine
National Police of Canaman, Bureau of Fire Protection-Canaman and the
Barangay Tanods in all 24 barangays.
The Canaman Municipal Police Station is currently operated by 25 police
or a ratio of 1 police to 1,336 persons not far from the minimum standard
of police-population ratio of 1:1,000. The Municipal Police Station is a 67
square meters room within the Municipal Hall Building in Barangay
Dinaga. A Community Police Assistance Center / Motorist Assistance
Center (CPAC/MAC) is strategically situated along the National Highway at
Barangay Baras and currently operated by 7 police personnel and headed
by a senior PNCO to ensure the safety of motorists and the inhabitants of
the surrounding area.
Crime incidence in the municipality has increased within the last three
years. Most crime is theft and robbery and person/s responsible are
27
identified. Sixty percent of the offenders are male, 5% are female and the
remaining 35% are still unidentified. Police visibility, along with greater
support to the localized barangays tanods, is needed to discourage crime.
The force multipliers are the 328 barangay tanods in the 24 barangays. A
total of 24 barangay outposts can be found in the same number of
barangays.
The Municipal Fire Station/Office is also contained in the Municipal Hall
and has an area of 9 square meters. It is currently operated by three (3)
Bureau of Fire Protection personnel. The said office has a portable fire
pump, fire hose (both in critical conditions), fire extinguisher and base
radio, but no fire truck. The Municipal Fire Marshall and staff should
continue to educate the people in the community regarding fire hazards,
fire safety and how to avoid fire incidence in their respective households
and businesses. Fire drills must also be reviewed and practiced to avoid
accidents if this incident might occur.
2.5.7 Sports and Recreation

Spaces and facilities suitable for sport and recreation play an important
role in promoting active lifestyles and connections between people. This
is because parks, reserves, basketball courts and other facilities are places
where all members of the community are welcome and can come
together for various formal and informal activities. Recreational
opportunities can also prevent boredom in young people, reducing the
likelihood of engaging in anti-social behavior.
Overall, public open space used for passive and active recreational
activities is limited in the municipality. Existing spaces and facilities
appear to be well used by a range of user groups, even if there is an
urgent need for maintenance and a lack of basic conveniences. This is
especially true of the multi-function pavements and basketball courts.
While each site has specific needs, recurring characteristics of existing
facilities are a lack of maintenance, limited shelter, seating and lighting,
and poor waste disposal.
Photos 5 a-c: Examples of sport and recreation facilities in Canaman.
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There is often no public open space in the older, established parts of the
barangays apart from the multi-purpose pavements and school sites. In
addition, there is no larger public open space such as playing fields in the
municipality, with the exception, perhaps, of spaces within schools. While
dedicated parks and open spaces exist in some of the newer subdivisions,
being required under PD 7279, many of these areas have not always been
well maintained and are not used to their full capacity. In some places,
facilities were constructed and never maintained, while in other places
they were donated to the municipality, which doesnt have a dedicated
maintenance fund beyond the Development Fund (20% of IRA) which
must cover a range of areas.
Multi-function pavements exist in all 24 barangays and provide sealed

surfaces and, in some cases, lighting and seating, to support a range of
formal and informal recreational activities, such as basketball, volleyball
and childrens play. In the poblacion area, the Canaman Peoples Center
provides a district level facility, with a full sized court, match-standard
lighting, a stage, public CR and seating for at least 200 people. This LGU
owned and well maintained facility is used for formal and informal
recreation, civic and private functions and is a key public gathering place.
At present, public playgrounds in the municipality are limited to small
facilities in Barangays PangPang, Haring (RJ Village) and Iquin. In other
places, children play on the streets and multi-function pavements. The
small number of facilities and often small area within these playgrounds
means they are over-used and prone to accidents. Playgrounds and open
spaces within schools are sometimes used as un-official open spaces.
While this was acceptable in the past, many schools are now fenced and
prohibit recreational use by the public due to safety concerns.
paths are narrow and often congested with pedestrians and therefore
unsuitable for recreational running and cycling. Anecdotal evidence
suggests that runners and cyclists prefer to use rural roads, especially the
road locally known as DPH Boulevard between PangPang and Del Rosario.
In terms of facilities for structured recreation and sport, the Mariners
Polytechnic Colleges Foundation has a number of facilities such as
covered court, open field and swimming pool that can also be used by
private individuals upon request and most of the times for a fee.
The once famous Nordia Compound in Baras is now almost completely
non-functional. The tennis court, swimming pool and bowling lanes have
closed, and are in a state of disrepair, and the cockpit arena was being
used up until very recently. Since the closure of these facilities, residents
of Canaman have been more dependent on Naga City for organized
recreation and sport. That being said, these facilities are in a strategic
location and since the facilities still exists, strategies should be explored
for their repatriation.
Footpaths that are separated from the road by a metal barrier exist in on
some roads (such as the National Highway at San Agustin, however, these
2.6 Utilities: Power, Water, Communication Network, Waste Management

All the barangays of the municipality are served by CASURECO II for their
electricity. The number of housing units without access to electricity
dropped from 21.7% in 2000 to 15.2% in 2009.
Potable drinking water is one of the concerns in the municipality. Only 14
barangays are reached by the Metro Naga Water Distict pipeline while
the remaining barangays are dependent on water Lorries for their
drinking water. However, it was noted that many households served by

MNWD still buy their drinking water from water Lorries or from water
refilling stations (for those who can afford). Although there were several
projects extending the water pipeline of the Metro Naga Water District
(MNWD) to several Barangays between 2000 and 2009, it appears that
this was not enough to improve overall conditions in the context of
population and urban growth.
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Figure 5: Provision of utilities to households, LGU Canaman, CY 2000 and 2009.
As to sanitation, the percentage of houses without access to a water-sealed toilet

declined from 12.6% in 2000 to 8.8% in 2009. Based on the observations of MHO
personnel, those without sanitary toilet are often poor families and a
considerable number are informal settlers.
As to waste management, only the 9 urban barangays are served by garbage
collectors. Access to garbage collection system improved in 2009 with 37.7% of
the households unserved as compared to year 2000 at 72.8%. This can be
attributed to the regular collection of garbage and the presence additional
garbage truck. However, the served households are only those located in the
urban area.
Figure 5 presents a comparative data on the availability of vital utilities to housing
settlements in Canaman in years 2000 and 2009. With the exception for water
supply, the municipality is below the provincial average for all other forms of
utilities. This matter warrants urgent attention as the relative proximity to Naga
City and infrastructure supply networks in most parts of the municipality suggests
that the municipality should have levels of utility servicing that at least meet the
provincial average.
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Data Source: CBMS, 2009
2.7 The Economic Structure

2.7.1 Sources of Income and Structure of the Economy
Broadly, sources of income for the municipalitys constituents continues
to come from crop farming and gardening, wholesale and retail,
Livestock/poultry production, transportation storage and communication
and from construction. While traditionally an agricultural economy, the
service economy has been steadily growing for some time, with more
service businesses located in the municipality. In addition, a growing
number of the municipalitys residents are working in the nearby Naga
City.
Increasing numbers of Canamans residents are completing school and

post school training, which increases their ability to obtain employment in
knowledge and service based economies. However, there remain large
numbers of people with limited schooling and qualifications for whom
employment and even basic livelihood remains a challenge. The
municipality provides a number of programs through its Social Welfare
Office with the goals of improving the livelihood and income generation
options for these residents.
Although it remains an agricultural community, the shift from primary
sector based to tertiary sector-based economy is already evident. The
2009 CBMS Survey revealed that 60% of households depend on the
activities classified under the tertiary sector as their major source of

income, followed by the primary sector at 26% and the secondary sector
at 14%. Using the economic activities to measure the level of urbanity,
the CBMS Survey revealed that Canamans level of urbanization is at 74%
(see Figure 6).
Figure 6: Structure of the Economy, LGU Canaman, 2009.
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Data Source: CBMS, 2009
In the Municipality of Canaman, all 24 barangays contain some

agricultural crop production. 71.7 percent (71.66%) of the total land area
of the municipality, covering 3,101 hectares, is used for agricultural
purposes. Fifty one percent (51%) of it or 1,606.5 hectare is irrigated and
48.16% or 1493.5 is non-irrigated and therefore rainfall reliant.
Of the 3,101 hectares of agricultural land, 2715ha are devoted to palay
with the remainder devoted to vegetable production and other crop
types.
Photo 6: Agricultural production provide livelihood for many taga-Canaman.
organic farming technologies to promote improved yields while

preventing soil degradation and improving health outcomes.
An ongoing challenge is the seasonal burning of rice straws. This is
problematic because the organic material in the rice straw is not returned
to the soil, and the resultant charcoal/ash increases the soil acidity, and
reduces the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of the soil, in
turn requiring
synthetic fertilizers
Traditionally, there were two main cropping seasons for palay in
Canaman. However, a changing climate with a longer summer and
changed rainfall patterns which means there is less synchronized planting
cycles. A problem with this is that it is harder to manage pests which are
able to move from farm to farms as the crops are at different stages in
the crop production.
All 24 barangays in the municipality of Canaman are engaged in livestock
and poultry farming and these are important sources of income for many
of the municipalitys constituents. Eighty Seven percent of the total
production value is piggery production while the remaining thirteen
percent (13%) is for poultry production. The total volume and value of
livestock produced in the municipality in 2011 was 1,858 kilograms
amounting to P7,464,000.00 while the volume of poultry production was
7,678 kilograms, amounting to P1,074,528.
Key factors which impact upon crop production include the timing of
rainfall, flood events and pests. While technology is theoretically
improving production, the continuous use of synthetic fertilizer is
degrading soil quality. The municipality is therefore promoting the use of
The municipalitys Fishery Strategic Development Zones (FSDZs) are

located within the coastal barangays of Iquin, Mangayawan, San Juan, San
Nicolas, San Jose West, San Francisco, San Jose East, and Liaga. Existing
fishing grounds can be found in 21 barangays. Marine, aquatic and inland
fishing resources are in the form of Fish ponds with fresh water species
like tilapia, carp, hito, dalag. The Bicol River and Canaman Creek have the
same species mentioned, as well as hipon and crabs. There are six
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methods for undertaking fishing activities namely, the hook and line,
sapyaw, fish net, bobo, bintol and Fish trap.
In terms of the non-agricultural economy, Commercial strips can be found
in barangays Baras, Pangpang, Tibgao and San Vicente. A Commercial
Complex is situated at barangay Baras which is the Nordia Complex
(currently defunct) and lastly, the Canaman Public Market that is situated
at barangay Pangpang.
Mini groceries or sari-sari stores and talipapa are the most common
commercial establishment, resulting in tight competition. Despite the
variety of goods available locally, people from the municipality tend to
shop at the malls in Naga City since it is just 5 kilometers away from the
City. While historically goods were cheaper to purchase in Naga, a
growing number of wholesalers are opening in the poblacion area,
meaning that goods in Canaman are often no more expensive than those
in Naga City.
Photos 7a-c: Examples of commercial businesses in Canaman.
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The Canaman Public Market is a thriving commercial precinct home to a range of produce, food, home wares and cooked food outlets. The Market is well
located in the heart of the poblacion area, adjacent to key community facilities such as the municipal health clinic, library, post office and within a short walk
from the church, school, public plaza multi-purpose pavement and municipal hall. Despite this, the market building itself is run-down and requires
maintenance in order for the facility to reach its full potential.
While anecdotal evidence suggests there is un-met demand for additional and larger commercial developments in Canaman, it is important these are located
and developed in ways that do not undermine the Canaman Public Markets role as the anchor land use in the poblacion area. This means that any
significantly larger retail development must either be located in the poblacion itself to complement existing businesses (there are limited suitable sites that
should be reserved for this purpose), or located so far away as to not undermine existing businesses and land uses in the poblacion area.
To inform the Comprehensive Land Use Plan and other municipality economic development activities, the municipality undertook a comprehensive survey of
businesses in 2013, which validated the above analysis and identified emerging trends impacting businesses, including:
Optimism about the prospects for current and future businesses, owing to the growing nature of the municipality and proximity to Naga City
Need for additional commercial floor space to allow for establishment of new businesses (especially in the Poblacion)
Gaps in the local commercial sector include 24/7 Convenience Stores, restaurants and bars (including fast-food), one-stop supermarket, pharmacies,
bakeries, internet outlets (especially in rural barangays), beauty parlors and Nipa processing
Limited municipality led supports for businesses, such as promotions of local products or coordination of businesses
Importance of livelihood and income generation programs
Need to improve/simplify the LGU business permitting and licensing system
New commercial development/market in the poblacion should complement, and not detract from existing market
Some businesses struggle to access finance
Lack of car parking in the poblacion area means that those with cars (and even motorbikes) tend to travel to Naga to do their shopping.
Photo 8: Many industries in Canaman are involved in agricultural processing.
To date, Industry within the municipality has generally been the small scale processing
of agricultural products for local distribution, although there is evidence that other small
scale businesses are emerging and contributing to the municipalitys industry and thus
employment base.
All industries, with one exception, undertake processing activities that are small scale
and serve local markets. The exception is Emmanuel Pasterties which produces food
products to serve national and international export markets. Most processing industries
are palay mills which convert dried palay products into rice suitable for sale. Most of
this rice is consumed directly or sold locally.
Key industry activity types are wholesale and retail trade, followed by Community,
Social & Personal Services activities and Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities. the
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predominance of wholesale and retail trade and community, social and personal services sectors indicates a developing and diversifying local industry base.
While not being large heavy industries wherein large numbers of people are employed by a single firm, these sectors are important to the local economy
because of their high jobs to economic output ratios, and also the way in which they support other businesses and reduce reliance on a single economic sector
for the municipalitys livelihood.
Finally, with respect to tourism, while Canaman is not expected to become a major tourism district, there are sufficient events and attractive features that
warrant promotion to draw new visitors, and increase local employment and economic activity. Key opportunities exist in terms of history, culture/religion
and water based activities along the Bicol River.
Photos 9a-e: Potential tourism attractions in Canaman are historical markers, cultural festivals and activities on the Bicol River.
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2.7.2 Employment
In 2009, Canaman registered an employment rate of 9,761 meaning that 98.4% of persons in the labor force were employed. This is not far from the national
figure of 92.5%. The same survey in 2009 revealed that 56.63% of all employed are waged members. Also, out of the total employed, 62.53% belong to the
lower class of laborers, unskilled workers, farmers, service workers and clerks. However, many of these people have unstable or seasonal jobs.
2.7.3 Poverty Level
The 2009 CBMS Survey revealed that 41.6% of the households in the municipality have income below poverty threshold. This means that they cannot afford
the basic necessities to live decently such as food, shelter, education and clothing. On a per barangay basis, the same CBMS results showed that Palo has the
highest poverty incidence at 67.83% closely followed by Sta. Cruz at 67.72% while San Vicente has the lowest poverty incidence at 22.27%. Figure 7 illustrates
the poverty incidence per barangay as of 2009.
Photos 10a-b: Households experiencing poverty can be found in both urban and rural barangays.
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Figure 7: Poverty Incidence, LGU Canaman, 2009.
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Data Source: 2009 Community Based Monitoring System.
2.8 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends

The municipality is greatly influenced by the growth and development of
the neighboring Naga City. The existing land use map of the municipality
reveals increasing amounts of urban activity in the barangays near Naga
City and the impact of roads as magnet for development. This is also true
in the rural barangays where residential establishments are seen
sprouting along the main roads.
A number of commercial establishments have recently been established
near the Naga-Canaman boundary and along the National highway going
to Barangay Baras. Significant residential development has also occurred

in barangays near Naga City and along the major roads.
The vast majority of the land area is still devoted to agriculture, especially
rice farming. Nipa swamps are present and forms part of the economy
and ecosystem of the area. Fishery development is also currently being
pushed by the local government unit, such as inland fishery (fish ponds)
and fish cages in some parts of the Bicol River. Table 3 contains a
summary of the existing land use categories by area, viz:
Table 3: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013.
LAND USE CATEGORIES
Residential
Commercial
Infrastructure/Utilities
Institutional
Parks/Playgrounds & other recreational spaces
Industrial
Agriculture
Forest and Forest Use categories
Mining and Quarrying
Grasslands/Pasture
Agro-industrial
Tourism
Other Uses
Cemetery
Sanitary waste management facilities - MRF
Buffer zones/greenbelts
Water Uses
Nipa Swamps
EXISTING AREA (Hectares)
PERCENT TO TOTAL
196.60
7.82
82.90
10.44
1.15
0.40
3898.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
4.54%
0.18%
1.92%
0.24%
0.03%
0.01%
90.08%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.25
0.10
0.00
0.01%
0.00%
0.00%
129.31
2.99%
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LAND USE CATEGORIES
EXISTING AREA (Hectares)
Mangrove Forests
Tourism (recreation/resorts)
Infrastructure (e.g. ports, fish landing)
Aquaculture and marine culture (fish cage/pen)
Others, specify (e.g. river sand/gravel quarrying etc)
TOTAL
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.03
0.00
4327.29
PERCENT TO TOTAL
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
100
The above-listed land use categories and areas are reflected in the following Existing land Use Map of Canaman.
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Map 6: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013.
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2.9 Comparative/Competitive Advantages
Adjacent to Naga City (and short travel time to centro Naga)

Well paved and vast road network
Gateway to Naga City from the towns of Magarao, Bombon, Calabanga, Siruma and Tinambac along the
National Highway
Good access to infrastructure to support urban development
A stable and steady rate of population growth
Home to major tertiary education institutions
Producer of palay (with surplus of palay production vis--vis consumption requirement)
Traversed by the Bicol River
Acknowledged as rich in history and culture: Birthplace of Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit; home of Lagaylay
and Anahaw Abaniko; home of renowned Bikol writers and artists, home of standard Bikol, subject of the
studies of Fr. Lynch on the social structure of Philippine Society which is a reading in social anthropology
class in major universities here and abroad)
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2.10
Weaknesses: Priority Issues and Concerns
Flood prone and low elevation, making the town particularly vulnerable
to floods and typhoons
Silted/clogged waterways
Presence of settlers in danger zones
Rapid riverbank erosion especially in some parts of the 2 cut-off
channels
Rapid increase of informal settlers
Estimated 42% of homes constructed from makeshift materials
Lack of burial facilities (cemetery)
Shortage of permanent elementary and secondary teachers
Shortage of PNP and BFP personnel and facilities
Lack of recreation amenities for children, youth and elderly
Malnutrition impacting an estimated 27% of children under the age of 5
Limited LGU fund for financial assistance to indigent constituents
Low household incomes and under employment
Low numbers and proportion of college graduates
Decrease in agricultural area and volume of production
Insufficient infrastructure support facilities such as Farm to Market
Roads, Irrigation, drainage canals and warehouse
Lack of transport terminals
Undeveloped tourism areas
Inadequate streetlights in barangays and necessary improvements of
national road streetlights.
15 % of the total number of households has no electricity
Insufficient water supply system
Poor water quality in many places
Limited communication facilities in rural barangays
Laxity in enforcement of RA 9003 (Solid Waste Management)
Page
42
2.11
Functional Role of the Municipality
The following are the functional roles of the Municipality relative to Naga City, Metro Naga and the province of Camarines Sur, viz:
a) Expansion area of development of Naga City - the municipality generally provides the
necessary space requirements for the spill-over of development in Naga City and
natural increase and urbanization of Canaman especially for residential and
commercial activities.
b) Host to vital institutional establishments the three District Engineering Offices (DEO)
of the DPWH-Camarines Sur (1st, 2nd& 3rd DEOs), the specialized schools for maritime
(Mariners Polytechnic Colleges Foundation) and for aeronautics (the Aeronautical
Schools of the Philippines)
c) Producer of palay the municipality has a computed average surplus of 68% of its
annual palay production vis--vis required consumption, equivalent to more than
fifteen thousand metric tons of available palay per year
d) Home to Dragon Boat Racing Canaman proposes to become the hub for Dragon
Boat Racing in the Bicol region because of its strategic location downstream of Naga
City and proposed projects investing in supporting facilities and events/programs.
Page
43
3. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

3.1 Vision/Mission
Page
44
3.2 Goals and Objectives

PHYSICAL/ENVRIONMENTAL SECTOR
SOCIAL SECTOR
ECONOMIC SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURAL SECTOR
Goal:
Goal:
Goal:
Goal:
Ecological protection, along with sustainable

economic development, climate change
adaptation and disaster resilience are
achieved through careful management of our
environment and natural resources.
All taga-Canaman are self-sufficient and able to

achieve their desired quality of life through
improved livelihood opportunities, housing,
education, health and other support services
A strong and distinctly Canaman local

economy characterized by sustainable
agriculture, expanding industries and
businesses, creative use of nipa and
abaniko and growing tourism sector.
The provision of infrastructure is

integrated with all other areas of
service delivery, so that it brings
multiple benefits to taga-Canaman.
Objectives:
Objectives:
Objectives:
Objectives:
1.
To achieve effective solid waste

management in the interests of human
health and environmental quality.
1.
Increased and diversified household incomes

through skills trainings, household/agri-based
livelihood, access to capital and marketing
support.
1.
1.
2.
To improve the quality of all waterways to

deliver better environmental (water
quality, biodiversity, erosion control),
public health and livelihood benefits.
Infrastructure provision is
integrated with long term
planning, and itself is planned, to
ensure the benefits of public
investment are maximized.
2.
To improve access to, and quality of all forms

of education from barangay day care right
through to college, towards the goal of one
college graduate per household.
To ensure the long term future of

agriculture and fisheries in Canaman
through demonstration of organic
and integrated farming approaches,
targeted infrastructure support and
sound environmental management.
2.
2.
Increased agricultural and

commercial investment through
increasing access to finance, along
with necessary trainings on financial
management.
3.
To increase the capacity of all tagaCanaman to generate income

through education, trainings and skill
development.
4.
To promote alternative livelihoods,

such as Bicol River tourism, local
vegetable production, and valueadding to native products.
To provide infrastructures whose

needs are well documented, such
as but not limited to:
- Public Cemetery
- Completion of Circumferential
Road and the Sua-Linaga-San
Roque connector
- Hanging bridge to Iquin
- Drainage along DPH Boulevard
- Transport terminal in the
poblacion
- Water augmentation to rural
barangays
- Materials Recovery Facilities in
all barangays.
5.
To provide infrastructure that

supports economic activities.
3.
4.
To reduce the vulnerability of our people,

buildings and infrastructure to disasters
through
- mitigating known risks and hazards
- careful management of land use and
the environment
- developing our capacity to plan,
prevent, prepare and respond to
disasters.
To develop our capacity of all sectors to
adapt to a changing climate, characterized
by drier dry seasons, wetter wet seasons,
increased flood hazard and rising sea
levels.
3.
Improved nutrition outcomes through joined

up agriculture-social welfare-health programs.
4.
Improved primary health outcomes through

enhanced curative and preventative services
at barangay and municipality levels.
5.
Safe and secure housing for those living in

informal settlements, hazardous locations
and/or in makeshift housing.
6.
7.
Support well-planned urban development that

houses a growing population.
Infrastructure and service delivery that
support peace and order, recreation, Bicol
culture and quality of life.
3.
To maintain infrastructures in a
planned, funded and co-ordinated
manner.
Page
45
3.3 The Concept/Structure Plan

The concept/structure plan was developed as a result of several
workshops with elected officials and the CLUP Technical Working Group.
A semi-structured approach was taken to these workshops, were
participants discussed different options for managing growth and change
in Canaman over the planning period.
Participants were particularly requested to consider:
different concepts on urban growth (e.g. linear growth, staged
growth)
outcomes of the 2013 barangay consultations
constraints presented by flood/sea level rise/ tsunami hazards
integrated sectoral analysis (summarized in Volume 3)
identified competitive/comparative advantages, weaknesses,
functional role of the municipality and the updated vision,
mission, goal and objectives (all summarized above).
Page
46
Through these discussions, four major development options were

identified, namely: agricultural development, commercial development,
tourism development and the fourth is a combination of the three. The
options were then further workshopped with members of the SB
Committee on Land Use and the CLUP Technical Working Group, where
the combination option emerged as the most appropriate option followed
by agricultural development, then by commercial development and
tourism development at far fourth. The combination option was also seen
to promote complementation among the other development strategies
and espouses a more optimized utilization of the lands.
Considering the abovementioned factors, a concept/structure map was
formulated to project this development concept spatially on a map. The
Page
47
Figures 8a-c: Examples of urban development scenarios discussed at workshops with SB

members and CLUP Technical Working Group.
2013-2023 concept/structure map then evolved reflecting a combination of the

three major development options. The areas identified for urban expansion
were informed by population projections and associated projections of likely
land requirements to 2023 (see Volume 3 for more detail).
Workshop participants were asked to balance the need to conserve the

most productive agricultural land for agricultural purposes with the
equally important needs of ensuring the supply of land for urban
development is not constrained and promoting urban development in
places that make best use of existing and planned infrastructure.
The resultant concept map shows vast tracts of land being set aside for
agricultural production and development, as well as areas for urban
expansion and development close to existing built up areas and Naga City,
and site for tourism development on the Bicol River in line with other
plans.
As expected, the influence of Naga Citys development is evident in the

concept/structure map as the major urban development areas gravitate
in the areas near or along the citys periphery while the areas for
agricultural production is towards the rural barangays in the west. A

linear growth is seen along the national road and along the San Vicentedel Rosario Road, while a sizeable residential development is also seen in
the areas near Naga. An expansion of the commercial area in the town
center is likewise projected and a satellite node of development is seen at
the junction of Barangay Fundado due to the approved construction of
skybridge that will connect Canaman to Libmanan and the possible
increase in traffic of people, vehicle and goods along the route.
The rest of the existing vast agricultural areas are envisioned for
agricultural production and development. Crop diversification and
increased palay production thru the adoption of applicable technologies
shall be given emphasis. Support structures are likewise highlighted
especially on irrigation and drainage.
A portion of the Bicol River and Cut-off Channel in barangay Mangayawan
are identified as sites for tourism development especially on water sports
(dragon boat/paddling/kayaking, etc.) and as jump-off for river cruise and
historical/cultural/eco-tourism activities.
An underlying principle in coming-up with the concept/structure map is
the integration of disaster risk reduction & mitigation and climate change
adaptation considering that the area is flood prone and is within the
typhoon belt area. This becomes clearer in Volume 2 the Zoning
Ordinance through the incorporation of a flood hazard overlay to ensure
appropriate mitigation techniques are adopted for all new buildings in
land known to be vulnerable to flood/storm hazards. Volume 3, the
Sectoral Studies, also discusses known disaster hazards and climate
change projections and contains recommendations for PPAs.
Below is the 2013-2023 concept/structure map for Canaman:
Page
48
Map 7: Concept / Structure Map, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023.
Page
49
3.4 The Land Use Plan

The 2013-2023 General Land Use Plan of Canaman is an attempt to strike a balance between development, sustainability, disaster risk reduction and
development opportunities with the peoples welfare always at the fore of concern. A core goal for the Land Use Plan is to achieve a fair and equitable balance
between public wellbeing and individual freedom and interest.
The following are the highlights of this General Land Use Plan:
Integration of disaster risk reduction and mitigation and climate change adaptation thru
- Exclusion of danger zones in the identified residential areas
- Promotion of socialized housing in a number of suitable areas, some of which can double as relocation sites for those living in danger
areas
- Provision of buffer zones/greenbelt areas especially along waterways
- Promotion of Crop diversification, integrated farming & inland fishery
- Identification of fishery zones/areas for fish cages
- Emphasized the observance of legal easements (e.g. in creeks, rivers, roads, etc.)
- Emphasized the need for all new development in land known to be at risk of flood hazard to demonstrate appropriate mitigation
techniques
Optimized the zoning layout of the poblacion area
Identification of a growth node
Incorporation of a Deferred Residential approach to residential growth areas to help direct residential growth to optimal locations
Expansion of commercial areas based on the existing trend
Expansion of residential areas based on the existing trend and considering the areas least prone to hazards
Identification of sites that will host vital institutional facilities (e.g. new PNP station, new BFP station, new recreational areas, etc.)
Nipa lands preservation
Identification of site for tourism development and promotion of tourism
Optimization of agricultural lands
Delineation of expansion areas in all barangays
Identification of new support infrastructures (i.e. road networks)
Page
50
A total of ______ hectares represent the new residential are in this plan, an increase of _____ hectares representing ___ % versus the existing
residential area. This includes a total of ____ hectares targeted for socialized housing, some portion will also be utilized as relocation areas for those living in
the danger zones.
Also, an increase of _____ % in the commercial areas is proposed representing the zones that are currently experiencing commercial growth and
others are for expansion. This is a product of the dictates of the current trend and considering the projected continued growth driven by natural increase, the
movement of taga-Canaman from rural barangays to urban barangays and accommodation of taga-Naga in Canamans urban barangays. The identified areas
for tourism development are near/along the Bicol River in barangay Mangayawan.
Table 5 presents a comparative figure per land use category, to wit:
Table 4: Future Land Use based upon Proposed Land Use Plan, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023.
LAND USE CATEGORIES

Residential
Commercial
Infrastructure/Utilities
Institutional
Parks/Playgrounds & other recreational spaces
Industrial
Agriculture
Forest and Forest Use categories
Mining and Quarrying
Grasslands/Pasture
Agro-industrial
Tourism
Other Uses
Cemetery
Sanitary waste management facilities - MRF
Buffer zones/greenbelts
Water Uses
Nipa Swamps
Mangrove Forests
Tourism (recreation/resorts)
Infrastructure (e.g. ports, fish landing)
AREA (In Hectares)

EXISTING
PROPOSED
196.5982
7.8179
82.9034
10.4372
1.1524
0.4019
3898.1361
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1100
0.0000
INCREASE/DECREASE
0.2507
0.1000
0.0000
129.3074
0.0000
0.0000
0.0497
Page
51
Aquaculture and marine culture (fish cage/pen)

Others, specify (e.g. river sand/gravel quarrying etc)
TOTAL
0.0252
0.0000
4327.2901
The above figures are distributed in the twenty four barangays and are graphically represented in Map 7:
Page
52
Map 8: Proposed Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013-2023.
Page
53
3.5 Land & Water Use Policies

The role of the land use policies is to provide guidelines, methods, procedures and rules that will guide land use and development in the municipality, to help
convert the goals/objectives of the CLUP and the land use plan, into a reality. The land use policies are the most detailed/directive aspect of Volume 1 and
provide clear guidance for the regulations contained in Volume 2, the Zoning Ordinance.
3.5.1 General Land Use Policies
1. New development and/or change in land use should comply with all relevant national, provincial and municipality laws, policies, regulations,
ordinances and resolutions.
2. New development and/or change in land use should comply with the regulations specified in the Zoning Ordinance, including any special requirements
for such a use and the statement of the zones desired character.
3. New development and/or change in land use should not inhibit the orderly development of the area, including the achievement of the desired
character of development in that particular area.
4. New development and/or change in land use adjacent to neighboring municipalities should have regard to the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance of that
particular municipality.
5. Development at the boundary with another zone should have due regard to the zoning regulations, and land uses/development within the adjoining
zone.
6. Where there is inconsistency between regulations specified in the Zoning Ordinance, the zone and, if applicable, overlay regulations take precedence
over more general regulations.
7. Where new development and/or change in land use is not expressly envisaged through zone regulations, it should be considered that the development
and/or land use is not appropriate.
8. In areas where a mix of land uses is acceptable and desired, more intensive uses should not unreasonably impact less intensive uses, while less
intensive uses should not impose unreasonable restrictions on the activities of more intensive uses.
9. New development should be located and designed to minimize impacts and conflict between land uses, and to protect desired land uses from the
encroachment of incompatible development.
10. New development and/or change in land use should only take place where existing infrastructure and utilities can be accessed.
11. Urban expansion should occur in an orderly sequence and in a compact form to enable the efficient provision of public services and facilities, and the
efficient and cost effective use of existing infrastructure.
12. Urban expansion of rural barangays should seek to promote a square development pattern rather than linear expansion along roads, to ensure most
residents can walk to key services.
13. Urban expansion is not appropriate on land identified and mapped as development constrained because of known hazard risks.
14. New development should not be located in land known to be exposed to flood, erosion, fire or ground settlement hazards, unless there are adequate
measures in place to adequately respond those hazard risk(s).
Page
54
15. New development and/or change in land use should not detrimentally affect the amenity of the
area, create unreasonable noise or air quality impacts on nearby properties, or contribute to environmental degradation (land contamination, water
quality, biodiversity, erosion, human health).
16. No development should take place in sensitive natural environments.
17. New development and/or change of land use should not result in the disturbance and modification of the natural landform.
18. New development and/or change in land use should re-instate, maintain and enhance natural hydrological wherever possible.
19. Development adjacent to Bicol River and Canaman Creek should not worsen existing erosion, siltation and/or water quality.
20. Development of toilets, pigpens and any other development that creates animal or human wastes adjacent to Bicol River and Canaman Creek should
ensure outflow waters do not unreasonably impact the health of the receiving waterways.
21. New development should be sited and designed to protect water quality, reduce run off and peak flows, and downstream flood risk, maximize the local
re-use of storm water and protect storm water from pollution sources.
22. New development and/or change in land use should minimize harm to life, property and environment through appropriate location of development,
and appropriate storage, containment and handling of hazardous materials.
23. New development should provide adequate and safe vehicle access, and vehicle parking, movement and loading areas.
24. Major development should incorporate traffic impact assessment.
25. Development and/or change in land use should incorporate appropriate landscaping for shading, visual amenity and environmental purposes.
26. Development and/or change in land use should include adequate space and facilities for solid waste management.
3.5.2 General Water Use Policies
1. Water resources should be managed sustainably (i.e. in ways that ensure their ongoing health and availability for future generations) and equitably
between different uses and users.
2. Within the municipalitys waterways, fisheries (including fish cages and similar structures), tourism (including dragon boat racing and river cruises) and
conservation should be balanced to ensure that the ecological health of the water zone is maintained, thereby ensuring the long term future of all
activities in the zone.
3. Permanent structures on/over water bodies should ensure that all human and animal wastes are disposed of away from the water body.
4. All development on water should conform with the Canaman Comprehensive Fisheries Ordinance 2003 (or any ordinance that supersedes this
ordinance)
3.5.3 Policies for Residential Land Uses
1. Residential development should provide safe, convenient and health living environments that meet the full housing needs and preferences of tagaCanaman.
2. Range of dwelling types and sizes should be available to cater for a range of household types.
3. Residential dwellings should be located in Residential Zones, or in non-residential zones where the non-residential uses do not undermine acceptable
residential amenity.
Page
55
4. New residential development should be made of strong construction materials that are able to withstand storm events known to occur in Canaman.
5. Land division for residential development should occur in an orderly sequence to ensure an efficient provision of new infrastructure and facilities and
to optimize the use of existing under-utilized infrastructure and facilities.
6. New residential subdivisions should form a compact extension of existing built up areas.
7. New residential subdivisions should not be isolated from existing built up areas unless it can be demonstrated that adequate roads, drainage, water,
electricity, waste management, health and educational infrastructure and services can be provided to residents.
8. Roads, opens spaces, paths, buildings and land uses should be laid out and linked so they are easy to understand, navigate, allow for energy efficient
building orientation and maximize vistas towards Mount Isarog and the Bicol River.
9. New residential dwellings should promote safety and reduce crime by providing passive surveillance of the street through ensuring windows over look
the street, and fencing is permeable.
10. New residential dwellings should avoid overlooking and/or overshadowing adjoining properties.
11. Residential development should ensure sufficient space is provided for vehicle access and parking, storage, clothes drying, private open space and
storage of waste.
12. Resettlement areas should be:
located in Residential Zones
Within 400m (acceptable walking distance) of a jeepney access point
Within 400m (acceptable walking distance) of an existing store
Within 2km of the informal settlements where residents are moving from
Within 2km of an existing school, barangay hall and health clinic.

3.5.4 Policies for Commercial and Industrial Land Uses
1. Commercial and industrial land uses should be located in zones that facilitate clustering of similar activities, sharing of infrastructures and utilities, and
limiting of environmental impacts.
2. Major (defined how?) commercial and industrial land uses should only be located on National Highway, to maximize proximity to major infrastructure
and minimize impacts.
3. Commercial and industrial land uses should only be mixed with uses of lesser intensity when it can be demonstrated that the uses of lesser intensity
will not be unreasonably impacted by the commercial and industrial activities, and that the ongoing operation of commercial and industrial activities is
not compromised.
4. Major commercial development should not undermine the effective operation of the Canaman Public Market in the poblacion.
5. Commercial and industrial developments at the edge of zones should have particular regard to their impact on sensitive used in adjoining zones.
6. Commercial and industrial developments should include garbage storage or waste collection area or facilities, and areas for sorting, storing and
removal of recyclables
7. Commercial and industrial development should not have an unacceptable impact on the surround environment because of emissions of noise, dust or
odors, or contamination of soil and water.
Page
56
3.5.5 Policies for Agricultural Land Uses

1. The availability of low cost nutritious food is ensured through protecting productive agricultural land through zoning.
2. Agricultural land uses should practice sustainable land management practices to ensure the long term future of food production in Canaman.
3. Residential dwellings should only be constructed in agricultural areas where the connection between the continuation of farming, and the construction
of the dwelling, can be demonstrated.
4. Buildings in agricultural areas, such as warehouses and processing mills, are acceptable provided they do not have unreasonable impacts on
agricultural production.
5. Larger scale agricultural processing businesses should be limited to Industrial Zones in built up areas.
6. Agricultural land that can access irrigation infrastructure, along with lands known to have high soil fertility and thus production potential, should never
be converted to non-agricultural uses.
3.5.6 Policies for Institutional and Community Land Uses
1. Land for educational institutions, health care facilities and other critical institutional and community land uses is set aside in strategic locations that are
not exposed to hazard risks, and protected from development through zoning.
2. Cemeteries should be developed in
a) Zones without sensitive land uses,
b) Land not known to be flood prone, and
c) connected to a major road network.
3.6 Priority Programs and Projects

The CLUP is a ten year plan for the Municipal Government of Canaman. Volume 3 of the CLUP, the Sectoral Studies, contains recommendations and strategies
to respond to identified needs for every sector, as well as integrated sectoral analyses to identify the most pressing concerns. Many of these
recommendations and strategies have informed the above Land Use Plan and Land Use Policies, and are implemented in full through Volume 2, the Zoning
Ordinance, through the regulation of land use and development.
There are, however, a number of recommendations and strategies arising from the CLUP that cannot be implemented through the Zoning Ordinance and
instead require direct action from the municipality. These Priority Programs and Projects should be implemented by the municipality as a matter of urgency in
order for the municipality to achieve its vision, mission, goals and objectives, and to support the achievement of the land use plan. The failure to implement
these priority programs and projects will limit the effective implementation of the Zoning Ordinance.
The Priority Programs and Projects are described as near term (2013-2016) and long term (2013-2023) as follows:
Page
57
Near Term Priority Programs and Projects (2013-2016)
Land banking(identification and acquisition of lots)
Establishment of resettlement/socialized housing areas
Establishment of Cemetery/Memorial Park
Strict enforcement of easement and setbacks on roads and

waterways
Improvement of drainage system

(construction/repair/improvement of drainage canals, etc.)
Construction of farm-to-market roads
Allocation of additional financial assistance to disadvantaged

group
Expansion of pipeline for level 2 and level 3 water supply system
Dredging/desilting of waterways
Updating of Development Plans & Databases
Operationalization of Geographic Information System (GIS)
Construction of Bridges (Liaga, Iquin, Fundado-Barobaybay, etc.)
Establishment of 24 MRFs
Expansion of MNWD pipeline & exploration of underground water
Integrated farming /Livelihood projects on agriculture and

fisheries
Computerization of LGU processes
Education/Capability Building Program to develop skills for

employment
Support livelihood and grow household incomes through

- Enhanced scholarships program
- household/agri-based livelihood
- access to capital and promotion/marketing support
- Provision of loan for seed- capital or start-up equipment
- Livelihood options through dragon boat (tourism)
- Ongoing development and promotion of the Pasalubong
Centre
Establishment of integrated transport terminal
Promotion of Tourism and construction of facilities to support

dragon boat racing at Mangayawan
Enhanced LGU Tertiary Educational Fund Assistance Program
Provide capability building and support to Day Care Workers.
Support barangays to update / or implement their Solid Waste
Management plans
Appointment of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officer
Purchase of Disaster Response Equipment
Prepare a Comprehensive Drainage System Plan
Acquire land and install drainage before additional buildings are
constructed to take away the possibility of doing so.
New roads must promote a compact pattern of development
Commit to minimum standards for all new bridges, including a
minimum width.
Advocate for the widespread construction of the CP Wash
Technology with funding from the Bottom Up Budgeting Process
Detailed urban development plans to ensure new subdivisions are
well planned and provided with necessary infrastructure
Long Term Priority Programs and Projects (2013-2023)
Establishment of a bigger recreation complex with complete

amenities
Improvement to barangay multi-function pavements
Establishment of shared walking/cycling trail along DPH Boulevard
Establishment of buffer zones/greenbelts especially along

waterways
Construction of additional streetlights in strategic areas &

Improvement of street lightings along the National road
Installation/construction/expansion of Irrigation system
Construction/improvement of drainage
Construction/improvement/repair of public buildings
Establishment of processing house for nipa sap/Livelihood
Construction of slaughterhouse
Page
58
Stabilization of riverbanks and establishment of mini-forest park

Procurement of Lorry trucks & refilling tanks & rainwater collector
Establishment of research & devt demo farms
Continue to monitor the impacts of climate change on the
agricultural sector, and trial new technologies/plant varieties that
adapt to different rainfall and temperature patterns
Ongoing promotion and support to the fisheries sector
Continue to monitor the impacts of climate change on the
agricultural sector, and trial new technologies/plant varieties that
adapt to different rainfall and temperature patterns.
Active development of commercial sector in the poblacion to
develop more service based jobs
Develop print information to support tourism (e.g historical
information, information about transport/distances, private tour
operators, timing of events, accommodation) and upload to
website
Advocate to DepEd for additional resources to meet student to
teacher, classroom and equipment ratios
In consultation with the Local School Board, consider the potential
of using Special Education Fund to meet basic facility/space needs.
Ensure adequate zoning for future education institutions
Page
59

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COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

CANAMAN, CAMARINES SUR

As quoted in HLURB Guidelines for preparing a CLUP, Volume 1, page 7-8.

Photos 5 a-c: Examples of sport and recreation facilities in Canaman. ............................................................................................................................................. 28

infrastructure investment, agriculture, the environment and economic

The CLUP also provides localized strategies to support the direction

national agenda for sustainable development. PA 21 envisions a better

while withholding funds for basic services, resulting in more

1.2 Role of volume 1 and relationship with volumes 2 and 3

As quoted in HLURB Guidelines for preparing a CLUP, Volume 1, page 7-8.

municipality as a vibrant Christian community. The first concrete church

On 8 March 1942, taga-Canaman formally organized the Tangcong Vaca

2.2 Human Resources

Data Source: NSO 2000 Census, NSO 2007 Census.

2.2.2 Population Distribution

Figure 2 illustrates the geographic distribution of the population of

Figure 2: Population Distribution, CY 2010, LGU Canaman.

Data Source: NSO 2010 Census.

2.2.3 Historical Growth of Population

In addition, out-migration is another probable

properties in the vicinity. The least dense of the 9 urban barangays is

As to population density per barangay, Figure 4 demonstrates a high

Figure 4: Population Density, LGU Canaman, CY 2010.

Data Source: NSO 2010 Census.

2.2.5 Labor Force

2.2.6 Population Projections

2.3 Physical Features (Geographic Location, Territorial Jurisdiction, Barangay Subdivision)

2.4 Physical/Infrastructure Resources

Canaman is connected to the

2.4.1 Natural Hazards and Climate Change

2.5 Social Services Facilities/Utilities/Amenities

2.5.2 Solid Waste and Waste Water Facilities

2.5.3 Social Welfare Services

situation; (2) implementation of laws on children, women and senior

Map 5: Educational institutions, LGU Canaman.

Photos 4 a-c: Examples of different types of housing in Canaman.

2.5.6 Protective Services

2.5.7 Sports and Recreation

Photos 5 a-c: Examples of sport and recreation facilities in Canaman.

Multi-function pavements exist in all 24 barangays and provide sealed

2.6 Utilities: Power, Water, Communication Network, Waste Management

drinking water. However, it was noted that many households served by

Figure 5: Provision of utilities to households, LGU Canaman, CY 2000 and 2009.

As to sanitation, the percentage of houses without access to a water-sealed toilet

2.7 The Economic Structure

Increasing numbers of Canamans residents are completing school and

activities classified under the tertiary sector as their major source of

Figure 6: Structure of the Economy, LGU Canaman, 2009.

Data Source: CBMS, 2009

In the Municipality of Canaman, all 24 barangays contain some

organic farming technologies to promote improved yields while

The municipalitys Fishery Strategic Development Zones (FSDZs) are

Photos 7a-c: Examples of commercial businesses in Canaman.

Photo 8: Many industries in Canaman are involved in agricultural processing.

Figure 7: Poverty Incidence, LGU Canaman, 2009.

Data Source: 2009 Community Based Monitoring System.

2.8 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends

to Barangay Baras. Significant residential development has also occurred

Table 3: Existing Land Use, LGU Canaman, 2013.

LAND USE CATEGORIES

EXISTING AREA (Hectares)

LAND USE CATEGORIES

EXISTING AREA (Hectares)