Three Phase Fault Analysis with Auto Reset for Temporary Fault and Trip for

Permanent Fault
Mukesh Choudhary
Department Of Electrical Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur
Email: mukeshee247@poornima.edu.in

Abstract: To create an automatic tripping mechanism for the three phase system. The project output
resets automatically when a short interruption within the event temporary fault whereas it remains in
tripped condition just in case of permanent fault. The electrical station that offer the facility to the
customers, have failures as a result of some faults which may be temporary or permanent. To beat this
downside a system is constructed, which may sense these faults and automatically disconnects the
provision to avoid giant scale injury to the management gears within the grid sub-stations. The thought
within the future may be extended to developing a mechanism to send message to the authorities via SMS
by interfacing a GSM electronic equipment.
Keywords555 Timer, Voltage regulator (LM7805), Relays, Comparator, Transformer (230 V 12V AC)

1.

outage time because of faults and supply

the next level of service continuity to the
client. Moreover, palmy high-speed
reclosing machine reclosing. On
transmission circuits are often a
significant issue once trying to keep up
system stability.

INTRODUCTION
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Mostly faults on most overhead lines are

transient. A transient fault, like associate
degree stuff arc, may be a fault that is
cleared by the immediate tripping of 1
or additional circuit breakers to isolate
the fault, and that doesn't recur once the
line is re-energized. Lightning is that the
commonest explanation for transient
faults, part ensuing from stuff arc from
the high transient voltages iatrogenic by
the lightning. Other possible
causes are swinging wires and
temporary contact with foreign
objects. Thus, transient faults are often
cleared by momentarily de-energizing
the line, so as to permit the fault to clear.
Machine reclosing will then restore
service to the line
Although machine reclosing success
rates vary from one company to a
different, it's clear that the bulk of faults
are often with success cleared by the
right use of tripping and machine
reclosing. This de-energises the line
long enough for the fault supply to pass
and therefore the fault arc to deenergize, then mechanically recloses the
road to revive service. Thus, machine
reclosing will considerably cut back the

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VOLTAGE REGULATOR

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The LM78 series of three-terminal

positive regulators are accessible and
with many mounted output voltages,
creating them helpful in a very wide
selection of applications. Each type
employs internal current limiting,
thermal closedown and safe operative
space protection, creating it basically
indestructible. If adequate heat sinking
is provided, they will deliver over 1A
output Current. Although designed
primarily as fixed voltage regulators,
these devices can be used with external
components to obtain adjustable
voltages and currents.

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It has some features:

Output Current up to 1A.
Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12,
15, 18, 24V.
Thermal Overload Protection.
Short Circuit Protection.

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Output Transistor Safe Operating Area

Protection.

connected purpose of State square

measure given to pin2 through a
resistance R5 to a 555 timer. Wired in
mono-stable mode. The output of a
similar timer is connected to the reset
pin four of another 555 timer wired in
astable mode. LEDS status measure
connected at their output to point their
standing. The output of the U3 555
timer from pin3 is given to associate
Op-amp LM358 through wire eleven
and d12 to the non-inverting input pin
three, whereas the inverting input is
unbroken at a hard and fast voltage by a
possible divider RV2. The voltage at
pin2 coming back from the voltage
divider is thus command that it's on top
of the pin3 of the Op-amp used as a
comparator in order that pin1 develops
zero logic that fails to work the relay
through the motive force semiconductor
device Q1. This relay Q1 is 3CO relay,
is supposed for disconnecting the load to
point fault conditions.

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3.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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Working principle:

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4.

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The project uses six

numbers step-down transformers for
handling the whole circuit under low
voltage conditions of 12v only to test
the 3 phase faults. The primaries of
three transformers square measure
connected to a 3 section provide in star
configuration, whereas the secondary of
a similar is additionally connected in
star configuration. The opposite set of
three transformers with its primary
connected in star to three section have
their secondarys connected in delta
configuration. The outputs of all the 6
transformers status measure corrected
and filtered severally and square
measure given to six relay coils. 6 push
buttons, one each connected across the
relay coil is supposed to form a fault
condition either at star. LL Fault or 3L
Fault. The Old North State contacts of
all the relays status measure created
parallel whereas all the common points
square measure grounded. The parallel

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While the board is powered from a three

section provide all the half-dozen relay
coils get DC voltage and their common
purpose disconnects from the high State
and moves on to the NO points there by
providing logic high at pin two of 555
timer U1, that's unbroken on monostable mode. Whereas Associate in
electrical switch across the relay is
ironed it disconnects that relay and
within the method in common contacts
moves to the high State position to
produce a logic low at trigger pin of 555
timer to develop an output that brings
the U3 555 timer that is employed in
astable mode for its reset pin to high
such the astable operation takes place at
its output that is additionally indicated
by flashing D11 junction rectifier.
If the fault is off temporary in nature i.e.
if the electrical switch ironed is
discharged directly the U1 mono-stable
disables U3 the output of which matches
to zero within the event of any electrical
switch unbroken ironed for a extended

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Operating procedure:

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length the mono-stable output provides a

extended length active state of affairs
for U3 the astable timer the output of
that charges condenser C13 through R11
such the output of the comparator goes
high that drives the relay to modify off 3
section load.
The output of Op-amp remains high
indefinitely through a feedback provided
for its pin1 to pin3 through a forward
biased diode and a resistance
asynchronous. This leads to the relay for
good switched on to disconnect the load
connected at its Tar Heel State contacts
for good off. so as to take care of the
flow of DC provide the star connected
secondary set DCS square measure
paralleled through D8, D9 & D10 for
uninterrupted provide to the circuit
voltage of 12v DC and 5v DC derived
out of transformer IC 7805.
6.
Power ON Test:
This check is performed to envision
whether or not the voltage at totally
different terminals is in line with the
need or not. We tend to take a multi
meter and place it in voltage mode. Bear
in mind that this check is performed
while not ICs. Firstly, if we tend to
square measure employing a electrical
device we tend to check the output of
the electrical device; whether or not we
tend to get the specified 12V AC voltage
(depends on the transformer utilized in
for the circuit). If we tend to use battery
then we tend to check if the battery is
absolutely charged or not in line with
the required voltage of the battery by
mistreatment multi meter.
Then we tend to apply this voltage to the
ability offer circuit. Note that we tend to
try this check while not ICs as a result of
if there's any excessive voltage, this
might result in damaging the ICs. If a
circuit consists of transformer then we
tend to check for the input to the
transformer, square measure we tend to
obtaining an input of 12V and a needed
output looking on the regulator utilized
in the circuit.

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This project is meant within

the sort of Hardware for 6 single phase
transformers 230v to 12V of output for
to develop an automatic tripping
mechanism for the three phase supply
system whereas temporary fault and
permanent fault happens. Here we tend
to used 555 timer with relay for the fault
is temporary or permanent.
Short duration fault returns the
availability to the load right away
known as as temporary trip whereas
long length shall end in permanent trip.
The construct within the future are often
extended to developing a mechanism to
send message to the authorities via SMS
by interfacing a GSM electronic
equipment.

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

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[1] Three Phase Fault Analysis with

Auto Reset for Temporary Fault and
Trip for Permanent Fault Sathish
Bakanagari1, A. Mahesh Kumar2, M.
Cheenya3,Mahaveer Institute of Science
and
Technology,
bandlaguda,
Hyderabad.A.P.
[2] Microcontroller Based Three Phase
Fault Analysis for Temporary and
Permanent Fault M.S.Morey1, Amit
Ghodmare2,
Vaibhav
Khomane3,
Amitkumar Singh4, Jitendra Dawande5,
Electrical Engineering Department,
Government College of Engineering ,
Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India.
[3] Permanent Faults Identification for
Three-phase
Autoreclosure
on
Transmission Lines with Shunt Reactors
SUONAN
JiaLe,
LIANG
ZhenFeng,KANG XiaoNing Xian
Jiaotong University, Xian 710049,
China
[4] Analysis of Rotor Faults in Three
Phase Induction Machines, Peter E.
Sutherland (Senior Member) Dr.
Sheppard J. Salon (Fellow), Electric

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Power Engineering, Rensselaer

Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180

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