Exercises 8.

12 for Diagonalization
Problem 2,16,18, 24, and 26

Exercises 8.12 for Diagonalization

Problem 2,16, and18
In Problem 2,16,and 18, determine whether the given matrix A
is diagonalizable. If so, find the matrix P that diagonalizes A and
the diagonal matrix D such that D P 1 AP.
4 5

2. A

10

Solution: (1) Find eigenvalues for A

detA I

10

4 10 40
40 6 2 40 6 0
1 0, 2 6
Since A, the matrix of order 2, has two distinct eigenvalues, by Theorem 8.12.3, it
is diagonalizable.
(2) Find the eigenvectors corresponding i for A
0 by using Gaussian elimination
Solving A 1 I K
4 5

10

14 R 1

1 5/4

8 10

8R 1 R 2

1 5/4

The system has one-parameter family of solutions

k 1 5/4k 2 0. Let k 2 4t, then k 1 5t. Choosing t 1, yields eigenvector
K1

corresponding 1 0 for A

Solving A 2 I K
0 by using Gaussian elimination
10 5
8

0
0

1 R
10
1

1 1/2

8R 1 R 2

1 1/2

The system has one-parameter family of solutions

k 1 1/2k 2 0. Let k 2 2t, then k 1 t. Choosing t 1, yields eigenvector

K2

corresponding 2 6 for A

(3) Forming P
5 1

0 0

, D

and D P 1 A P

K1 K2

0 6

1 1 0
16. A

0 2 0
0 0 3

Solution: (1) Find eigenvalues for A

1

detA I

1 2 3 0,

1 1, 2 2, 3 3
Since A, the matrix of order 3, has three distinct eigenvalues, by Theorem 8.12.3, it
is diagonalizable.
(2) Find the eigenvectors corresponding i for A
0 by using Gauss-Jordan elimination
Solving A 1 I K
0 1 0

1
2

0 1 0

0 0 2

R2

R 1 R 2

0 1 0

0 0 1

0 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 0

0 0 2

R 23

0 1 0

0 0 2

0 0 0

The system has one-parameter family of solutions

1
k 2 0, k 3 0. Let k 1 t. Choosing t 1, yields eigenvector K 1

0
0

corresponding 1 1 for A
0 by using Gaussian elimination
Solving A 2 I K
1 1 0

0 0

0 1

R 2,3

1 1 0

0 1

0 0

The system has one-parameter family of solutions

k 1 k 2 0
k3 0
1
Let k 2 t, then k 1 t. Choosing t 1, yields eigenvector K 2

1
0

corresponding 2 2 for A
0 by using Gauss-Jordan elimination
Solving A 3 I K
2

1 0

R 1 R 2

12 R 1

1 0

R 2

1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 0

The system has one-parameter family of solutions

0
k 1 0, k 2 0, k 3 t. Choosing t 1, yields eigenvector K 3

0
1

corresponding 3 3 for A
(3) Forming P

K1 K2 K3

1 1 0
P

0 1 0

1 0 0
, D

0 0 1

0 0
18. A

and D P 1 A P

0 2 0
0 0 3

1 0 3
0 1

Solution: (1) Find eigenvalues for A

detA I

2 3 1 3

3 2 3 1 3
3 1 3 1
3 1 1 2 1
1 2 1 3
1 2 2 1 1 3
1,2,3 1
A has no distinct 3 eigenvalues, we have to check if we can find 3 linearly
independent eigenvectors for 1,2,3 1
(2) Find eigenvectors corresponding 1 for A
Solving A I K
0 by Gaussian elimination

R 2

1 3

1 0 1

0 1

0 1

R 1

R 2 R 3

1 1 3

0
1

R 1 R 2

1 0 1

0 1

0 0

0 1 2

0
1

The system has one-parameter family of solutions

k1 k3 0
k 2 2k 3 0
1
Let k 3 t, then k 1 t, k 2 2t. K

t, only one linearly independent

1
eigenvector corresponding 1,2,3 1 for A ,By Theorem 8.12.2, A cannot be
diagonalized.