City marketing and place branding

Barke, M. 1999 'City marketing as a planning tool', in M. Pacione (ed) Applied Geography: An Introduction to
Useful Research in Physical, Environmental and Human Geography.
Broudehoux, A.-M. (2004) The making and selling of postMao Beijing. Routledge, London.
Greenberg, M. (2008) Branding New York: how a city in crisis was sold to the world. Routledge, London & New
York.
Kavaratzis, M. (2004) From city marketing to city branding: towards a theoretical framework for developing city
brands. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 1.1, 58--73.
Kavaratzis, M. (2007) City marketing: the past, the present and some unresolved issues. Geography Compass,
1.3, 695--712.
Kavaratzis, M. (2009) What can we learn from city marketing practice? European Spatial Research and Policy
16.1, 41--58.
Kavaratzis, M. and G. J. Ashworth (2005) City branding: an effective assertion of identity or a transitory
marketing trick? Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 96.5, 506--14.
Kavaratzis, M. and Ashworth, G. J. 2007 'Partners in coffeeshops, canals and commerce: Marketing the city of
Amsterdam', Cities 24(1): 1625.
Kearns, G. and Philo, C. (eds) (1993), Selling Places: The City as Cultural Capital: Past and Future, Oxford:
Pergamon Press.
Kotler, P., C. Asplund, I. Rein and D. Haider (1999) Marketing places Europe: how to attract investments,
industries, residents and visitors to cities, communities, regions and nations in Europe. Financial Times
Paddison, R. (1993) 'City Marketing, Image-Reconstruction and Urban Regeneration', Urban Studies 30(2), 339350.
Short, J. R. and Y.-H. Kim (1998) Urban crises/urban representations: selling the city in difficult times. In T. Hall
and P. Hubbard (eds), The entrepreneurial city: geographies of politics, regime and representation, Wiley,
Chichester.
Sklair, L. (2005) The transnational capitalist class and contemporary architecture in globalizing cities.
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29.3, 485--500.
Sklair, L. (2006) Iconic architecture and capitalist globalization. City 10.1, 21--47.
Smyth, H. (1994) Marketing the city: the role of flagship developments in urban regeneration. Spon, London.
Ward, S. V. (1998a) Selling places: the marketing and promotion of towns and cities, 19502000. Spon, London.

The role of culture and creativity in urban policies and regeneration

Alsayyad, N. (ed) 2001 Consuming, tradition, manufacturing heritage: global norms and urban forms in the age of
tourism, London: Routledge.
Bagwell, S. (2008) Creative clusters and city growth, Creative Industries Journal 1(1): 31-46.
Bassett, K. et al (2005), Urban dilemmas of competition and cohesion in cultural policy, in Buck, N. et al (eds),
Changing Cities: rethinking urban competitiveness, cohesion and governance, Basingtoke: Palgrave.
Bianchini F. and Parkinson M. (eds.) (1993), Cultural Policy and urban regeneration, the West European
experience, Manchester, Manchester University Press.
Boyle, M. and Hughes, G. (1991) The politics of the representation of 'the real' : Discourses from the Left on
Glasgow's role as European City of Culture 1990, Area, 23: 207-218.
Boyle, M. and Hughes, G. (1994), The Politics of Urban Entrepreneurialism in Glasgow, Geoforum, 25(4):
453-470.
Brecknock, R. (2006) More than just a bridge: Planning and Designing Culturally, Cheltenham: Comedia.

Ceballos, S. G. (2004) The role of the Guggenheim Museum in the development of urban entrepreneurial
practices in Bilbao, International Journal of Iberian Studies, 16 (3), 177-186.
Clark, T. (2004) The City as an Entertainment Machine. Jai/Elsevier
Clarke, D. (2003) The Consumer Society and the Postmodern City. London: Routledge
Colomb, C. (2011) Culture in the city, culture for the city? The political construction of the trickle-down in
cultural regeneration strategies in Roubaix, France, Town Planning Review, 82(1).
Currid, E. (2009) Bohemia as subculture; Bohemia as industry: Art, culture, and economic development,
Journal of Planning Literature, 23(4), 368-382.
Davila, A. (2004) Empowered Culture? New York City's Empowerment Zone and the Selling of El Barrio, The
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 594(1), 49-64.
DCMS (DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE, MEDIA AND SPORT) (2004a) The Contribution of Culture to
Regeneration in the UK: a Review of Evidence, London, DCMS.
Eisinger, P. (2000) The Politics of Bread and Circuses. Building the City for the Visitor Class, Urban Affairs
Review 35(3): 316-333.
Evans, G. (2001) Cultural Planning: an urban renaissance? London: Routledge.
Evans, G. (2003) Hard-branding the cultural city from Prado to Prada, International Journal of Urban and
Regional Research, 27(2): 417 440.
Evans, G. (2005) Measure for Measure: Evaluating the Evidence of Cultures Contribution to Regeneration,
Urban Studies, 42(5/6), 959983.
Fainstein, S. and Judd, D. (eds.) (1999) The Tourist City, New Haven and London: Yale University Press
Featherstone, N. (1996), City cultures and post-modern lifestyles, in Amin, A. (ed.), Post-Fordism, a reader,
Oxford: Blackwell.
Ford, L., Klevisser, F. and Carli, F. (2008) Ethnic neighborhoods and urban revitalization: can Europe use the
American model?, Geographical Review, 98(1), 82-102.
Fox Gotham, K. F. 2002 'Marketing Mardi Gras: Commodification, spectacle and the political economy of
tourism in New Orleans', Urban Studies 39(10): 1735-1756.
Fox-Gotham, K. (2005) Theorizing urban spectacles. Festivals, tourism and the transformation of urban space,
City 9(2): 225-246.
Garca, B. (2004) Cultural policy and urban regeneration in Western European cities: lessons from experience,
prospects for the future, Local Economy, 19(4): 312 - 326.
Garca, B. (2004) Urban Regeneration, Arts Programming and Major events: Glasgow 1990, Sydney 2000 and
Barcelona 2004, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 10 (1): 103-118.
Garca, B. (2005) De-constructing the City of Culture: The long term cultural legacies of Glasgow 1990, Urban
Studies 42(5/6): 1-28.
Gibson, C., and L. Kong, (2005) Cultural economy: a critical review. Progress in Human Geography 29.5, 541-61.
Gold, J. R. and Gold, M. (2005), Cities of culture: staging international festivals and the urban agenda, 18512000, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.
Gmez M. (1998) Reflective images: the case of urban regeneration in Glasgow and Bilbao, International
Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 22 (1), 106121.
Greater London Authority (2011) Working Paper 48: Culture and regeneration - What evidence is there of a link
and how could it be measured? http://www.london.gov.uk/publication/working-paper-48-culture-andregeneration-what-evidence-there-link-and-how-could-it-bem?utm_campaign=WP48%3A+Culture+and+regeneration&utm_medium=email&utm_source=GLA

Griffiths, R. (2006), City Culture Discourses: Evidence from the Competition to Select the European Capital of
Culture 2008, European Planning Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4.
Griffiths, R. et al. (2003) 'Capitalising on culture: cities and the changing landscape of cultural policy', Policy and
Politics 31(2): 153-169.
Grodach, C. and Loukaitou-Sideris, A. (2007) Cultural development strategies and urban revitalization,
International Journal of Cultural Policy, 13(4): 349-370.
Hannigan, J. A. (1998), Fantasy city: pleasure and profit in the postmodern metropolis, London: Routledge.
Harvey, D. (1989), The condition of postmodernity, Oxford: Blackwell.
Harvey, D. (2001) The art of rent: globalization and the commodification of culture. Chapter in Spaces of
Capital, New York: Routledge.
Harvey, D. (2002) The art of rent: globalization, monopoly and the commodification of culture. In L. Panitch and
C. Leys (eds), A World of Contradictions. Socialist Register 2002, Pontypool UK, Merlin Press. Reproduced as
WWW document. URL http://www.16beavergroup.org/mtarchive/archives/001966.php (accessed on 1 October
2010).
Hoffman, L. M. 2003 'The marketing of diversity in the inner city: Tourism and regulation in Harlem',
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27(2): 286.
Hoffman, L., S. Fainstein and D. Judd (eds) (2003) Cities and Visitors: Regulating People, Markets, and City
Space. Oxford, UK, and Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell.
International Journal of Cultural Policy (2004) Special issue: Urban Space and the Uses of Culture, Vol. 10, No.
1.
Jayne, M. (2006) Cities and consumption. London: Routledge.
Journal of Planning Education and Research (2010) Special issue Art, Culture, and Economic Development: New
Directions for the Growth of Cities and Regions, 29(3).
Kaltmeier, O. (ed.) (2011) Selling EthniCity. Urban Cultural Politics in the Americas. Ashgate.
Kanai, M. and Ortega-Alcazar, I. (2009), The Prospects for Progressive Culture-Led Urban Regeneration in Latin
America: Cases from Mexico City and Buenos Aires, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,
33(2), pp. 483-501.
Knox, P. (2010) Cities and design, London: Routledge.
Landry, C. (2000), The creative city: a toolkit for urban innovators, London: Earthscan.
Landry, C. (2006) The Art of City Making, London: Earthscan.
Law, C. (2002) Urban Tourism. The Visitor Economy and the Growth Of Large Cities. London / New York:
Continuum
Ley, D. (2003) Artists, aetheticisation and the field of gentrification, Urban Studies 40.12, 2527--44.
Lloyd, R. 2002 'Neo-bohemia: Art and neighborhood redevelopment in Chicago', Journal of Urban Affairs 24(5):
517-532.
Lloyd, R. D. (2005), Neo-bohemia: art and commerce in the postindustrial city, New York: Routledge.
Lloyd R. and Clark T.N. (2001) The city as an entertainment machine, in Fox Gotham K. (ed.) Critical
Perspectives on Urban Redevelopment. Amsterdam: Elsevier. (Version presented at the annual meeting of the
American Sociological Association, 2000: faui.uchicago.edu/EM3.SS.doc)
Local Economy (2004) Special edition on Cultural Policy and Regeneration, Local Economy, Vol. 19, No. 4.
Mallin, S. (2004), The role of culture in regeneration, or, The tail of the bright yellow tiger : a response to the
DCMS consultation paper 'Culture at the heart of regeneration' (published July 2004).
Mele, C. (2000) Selling the Lower East Side: culture, real estate, and resistance in New York City. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press.

Mikunda, C. (2004) Brand lands, hot spots and cool spaces: welcome to the third place and the total marketing
experience, London: Kogan Page.
Miles, M. (2005) Interruptions: Testing the Rhetoric of Culturally Led Urban Development, Urban Studies, Vol.
42, No. 5/6, 10011023.
Miles, M. (2007) Cities and Cultures. London: Routledge.
Miles, M. (2010) Spaces for Consumption, London: Sage.
Miles, M. and Miles, S. (2004) Consuming Cities, Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mooney, G. (2004) Cultural policy as urban transformation? Critical reflections on Glasgow, European City of
Culture 1990, Local economy, 19(4): 327-40.
Nobili, V. (2005) The role of European capital of Culture events within Genoa's and Liverpool branding and
positioning efforts, Place Branding, 1(3): 316-328.
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (2003), The evening economy and the urban renaissance, London: Stationery
Office.
Pachter, M. and Landry, C. (2002), Culture at the Crossroads: Culture and Cultural Institutions at the beginning of
the 21st century, Bournes Green: Comedia.
Paddison, R. and Miles, S. (2009) Culture-Led Urban Regeneration, London: Routledge.
Page, S. C. and Hall, M. C. (2003) Managing Urban Tourism, London: Prentice Hall
Plaza, B. (2000) Evaluating the influence of a large cultural artifact in the attraction of tourism - The Guggenheim
Museum Bilbao case, Urban Affairs Review, 36(2): 264-274.
Porter, L. and A. Barber (2007) "Planning the Cultural Quarter in Birmingham's Eastside" European Planning
Studies 15(10), 1327 - 1348.
Pratt, A. (2009) Urban Regeneration: From the Arts `Feel Good' Factor to the Cultural Economy: A Case Study
of Hoxton, London, Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1041-1061
Prentice, R. and Andersen, V. 2003 'Festival as creative destination', Annals of Tourism Research 30(1): 7-30.
Quinn, B. (2005) Arts festivals and the city, Urban Studies, 42(5-6): 927-943.
Roche, M. (2000), Mega-events, modernity, Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture, London:
Routledge.
Paddison R. (1993), City marketing, Image reconstruction and urban regeneration, Urban Studies, Vol. 30, No.
2, 339-350.
Pine, B, and Gilmore, J. (1999), The experience economy: work is theater and every business a stage (Cambridge,
Harvard Business Press).
Richards, G. (2000) The European Cultural Capital Event: Strategic Weapon in the Cultural Arms Race?,
Journal of Cultural Policy, 6(2): 159-181.
Roche, M. 1992 'Megaevents and Micromodernization - on the Sociology of the New Urban Tourism', British
Journal of Sociology 43(4): 563-600.
Roche, Maurice (2000) Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture, London:
Routledge.
Rodrguez, A. et el. (2001) Uneven redevelopment. New urban policies and socio-spatial fragmentation in
metropolitan Bilbao, European Urban and Regional Studies, 8(2), 161178
Scott, A. J. (2000), The cultural economy of cities: essays on the geography of image-producing industries,
London: Sage
Scott, A. J. (2004), Cultural-products industries and urban economic development: Prospects for Growth and
Market Contestation in Global Context, Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 39, No. 4, 461-490.
Selby, M. (2004) Understanding Urban tourism: image, culture and experience, London; New York: IB Tauris.

Servon, L. J. (2002), 'Selling the Lower East Side: culture, real estate, and resistance in New York City',
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26(3): 643-644.
Sharp, J. et al. (2005) Just Art for a Just City: Public Art and Social Inclusion in Urban Regeneration, Urban
Studies, Vol. 42, No. 5/6, 10011023.
Shaw, S. And Macleod, N. (2000) Creativity and Conflict. Cultural Tourism in Londons City Fringe,
University of North London: Centre for Leisure and Tourism Studies. Available at:
http://www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/mobilenetwork/downloads/travelcult2.doc.
Shaw, S. et al. (2004), Ethnoscapes as Spectacle: Reimaging Multicultural Districts as New Destinations for
Leisure and Tourism Consumption, Urban Studies, Vol. 41, No. 10, 19832000.
Shields, R. (1999), Culture and the Economy of Cities, European Urban and Regional Studies, 6 (4): 303311.
Shin, H. 2004 'Cultural Festivals and regional identities in South Korea', Environment and Planning D 22: 619632.
Stevenson, D. (2003) Cities and urban cultures. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Stevenson, D. (2004), Civic gold rush: cultural planning and the politics of the Third Way, International
Journal of Cultural Policy , 10, 119-31.
Strom, E. (2002), Converting pork into porcelain: Cultural Institutions and Downtown Development, Urban
Affairs Review, Vol. 38, No. 1, 3-21.
Urban Studies (2005) Special issue: cultural-led urban regeneration, Urban Studies 42(5-6).
Verwijnen, J. et al (eds) (1999), Creative cities: cultural industries, urban development and the information
society, Helsinki : University of Art and Design Helsinki.
Vicario, l. and Martnez Monje P. M. (2003) Another Guggenheim Effect? The Generation of a Potentially
Gentrifiable Neighbourhood in Bilbao, Urban Studies, 40 (12): 23832400.
Worpole, K. (1999), The richness of cities: urban policies in a new landscape, final report, London: Comedia &
Demos.
Wynne, D. (ed.) (1992), The culture industry: the arts in urban regeneration, Aldershot: Avebury; Brookfield,Vt
: Ashgate.
Yeoh, B. S. A. (2005) The Global Cultural City? Spatial Imagineering and Politics in the (Multi)cultural
Marketplaces of South-east Asia, Urban Studies, 42(5/6): 945958. [focuses on South-east Asia]
Zukin, S. (1982) Loft Living: culture and capital in urban change, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Zukin, S. (1995), The cultures of cities, Cambridge, MA; Oxford : Blackwell.
Zukin, S. (1998) Urban lifestyles: diversity and standardisation in space of consumption, Urban Studies, 35, pp.
825-839.

The creative class debate

Atkinson, R. and Easthope, H. (2009) The consequences of the creative class: the pursuit of creativity strategies
in Australia's cities, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33(1): 6479.
Clifton, N. (2008): The creative class in the UK: an initial analysis, Geogr. Ann. B 90 (1): 6382.
DeFazio, K. (2002), Transnational Urbanism and the Imperatives of Capital: A Review of The Rise of the
Creative Class, in Red Critique, at http://www.redcritique.org/JulyAugust02/transnationalurbanism.htm
Donegan, M. et al (2008) Which indicators explain metropolitan economic performance best? Traditional or
creative class?, Journal of the American Planning Association, 74(2): 180-95.
Evans, G. (2009) Creative Cities, Creative Spaces and Urban Policy, Urban Studies, 46(5&6): 10031040.
Florida, R. (2005), Cities and the creative class, New York; London: Routledge.

Grodach, C. (2011) Art spaces in community and economic development: Connections to neighborhoods, artists,
and the cultural economy, Journal of Planning Education and Research, 31(1), 74-85.
Houston, D. et al. (2008) Will attracting the "creative class" boost economic growth in old industrial regions? A
case study of Scotland, Geografiska Annaler, Series B, Volume 90, Issue 2, pages 133149.
Krtke, S. (2010) Creative cities and the rise of the dealer class. A critique of R. Floridas approach to urban
theory. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 34.4, 835-53.
Krtke, S. (2011) The Creative Capital of Cities: Interactive Knowledge Creation and the Urbanization
Economies of Innovation. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Landry, C. (2000) The creative city: a toolkit for urban innovators. Earthscan, London.
Markusen, A. (2006) Urban development and the politics of a creative class: Evidence from a study of artists.
Environment and Planning A 38.10, 1921--40.
Montgomery, J. (2005) Beware the creative class. Creativity and wealth creation revisited. Local Economy 20.4,
337--43.
Peck, J. (2005) Struggling with the creative class. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29.4,
740--70.
Pratt, A. (2008) Creative cities: the cultural industries and the creative class, Geografiska Annaler, Series B,
Volume 90, Issue 2, pages 107117.
Ren, X. and Sun, M. (2011) Artistic Urbanization: Creative Industries and Creative Control in Beijing,
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Preview.
Reese, L., Faist, F. and Sands, G. (2010) Measuring The Creative Class: Do We Know It When We See It?,
Journal Of Urban Affairs, Volume 32, Number 3, pages 345366.

Olympic Games, mega-events and urban development

Andranovich, G., Burbank, M. J. and Heying, C. H. 2001 'Olympic cities: Lessons learned from mega-event
politics', Journal of Urban Affairs 23(2).
Broudehoux, A. M. (2007) Spectacular Beijing: the conspicuous construction of an Olympic metropolis, Journal
of Urban Affairs, 29(4), 383-399
Burbank, M.J. et al. (2002) 'Mega-events, urban development and public policy', The Review of Policy Research,
19(3): 179202.
Chalkley, B. and Essex, S. (1999), Urban development through hosting international events: a history of the
Olympic Games, Planning Perspectives, 14: 369394
Garca, B. (2004) Urban Regeneration, Arts Programming and Major events: Glasgow 1990, Sydney 2000 and
Barcelona 2004, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 10 (1), 103-118.
Gold, J. R. and Gold M. (eds) (2007) Olympic Cities. City Agendas, Planning, and the Worlds Games, 1896 to
2016, London: Routledge.
Hiller, H. (2000) Towards an urban sociology of mega events, Research in Urban Sociology, 5: 181-205.
Gold, J. and M. Gold (2008) Olympic cities: regeneration, city rebranding and changing urban agendas,
Geography Compass, 2(1): 300318.
Lenskyj, H. (2002) The best Olympics ever? The social impacts of Sydney 2000, NY: SUNY Press. Part of the
book available at Google Books:
Leonardsen, D. (2007) 'Planning of Mega Events: Experiences and Lessons', Planning Theory & Practice, 8:1, 11
30.
Page, S. and Connell, J. (eds) (2011) The Routledge Handbook of Events. London: Routledge.
Poynter, G. and MacRury, I. (2009) Olympic Cities: 2012 and the Remaking of London, London: Ashgate.

Raco, M. and Tunney, E. (2010) Visibilities and Invisibilities in Urban Development: Small Business
Communities and the London Olympics 2012, Urban Studies, 47(10), 2069-2091.
Roche, M. 1992 'Megaevents and Micromodernization - on the Sociology of the New Urban Tourism', British
Journal of Sociology 43(4): 563-600.
Roche, Maurice (2000) Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture, London:
Routledge.
Shin, H. B. (2009) Life in the shadow of mega-events: Beijing Summer Olympiad and its impact on housing,
Journal of Asian Public Policy, 2(2), 122-141.
Waitt, G. (2001) 'The Olympic spirit and civic boosterism: the Sydney 2000 Olympics', Tourism Geographies,
3(3), 249 - 278.
http://olympicstudies.uab.es/eng/ceo.asp
Centre of Olympic Studies, Autonomous University of Barcelona. Free lectures on various themes such as the
impacts of the Games on the Host cities; thematic dossiers; dozens of online reports, articles and studies on all
things Olympic.
http://www.gamesmonitor.org.uk/
Monitoring the community impacts of the London 2012 Olympic Games
http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-programmes-and-actions/doc413_en.htm
European Capitals of Culture
http://www.efa-aef.org/efahome/efrp.cfm
European Festival Research Project (EFRP) - an international, interdisciplinary consortium, focused on the
dynamics of artistic festivals today and seeking to understand the current explosion of festivals and its
implications and perspectives.