Biodiversity Protocol Assesment Tool

The Hedgerow Biodiversity Protocol has been developed for farmers, land managers and
interested in harvesting woodfuel from hedges to identify and monitor potential biodivers
impacts and to aid decision making in the planning and design of hedge management fo
woodfuel.

This is the Biodiversity Protocol Assessment Tool, here you can access and print off the su
User
Guide
sheets
you
require to assess your hedges, enter the data you have collected, and view th
of your surveys.

The tabs or sheets coloured in green are for data entry while tabs coloured in purple prov
infomation such as the survey results. The survey sheets are located in sheets with a blu
tab.

Please refer to the survey hand book for surveying methods and further infomation on ho
tool. The survey handbook is available from www.twecom.com

Photos: Rob Wolton, Hedgelink

esment Tool

r farmers, land managers and advisors

nd monitor potential biodiversity
sign of hedge management for

can access and print off the survey

ou have collected, and view the results

e tabs coloured in purple provide

e located in sheets with a blue cloured

s and further infomation on how to use the

om

HEDGE DATA ENTRY

Farm and landscape
Date
Name of Farm
Size of farm (ha)
Total length of hedgerow on farm (km)
Total length of hedgerow surveyed (km)
Number of individual hedges on farm
Number of individual hedges surveyed
Individual Hedges
Hedge Reference Number
1 Length of the individual hedge (m)
2 Hedge side surveyed
3 Hedge growth stage
4 Average height of hedge shrub (m)
5 Average width (m)
6 Average height of base of canopy <0.5m?
7 % gaps (to nearest 5%)
8 Any gaps >5m
9 Number of hedgerow trees
10 Number of hedgerow trees with veteran features
11 Number of woody species
12 Three most dominant woody species:
1
2
3
13 Less than 10% cover of non-native woody species?
14 Bank type
15 Bank height (m)
16 Ditch type
17 Adjacent land use
18 Margin width (m)
19 Cover of nettles, cleavers and docks under 20%?
20 Current management
21 Evidence of wildlife
Notes:

Key
Enter data

NOTE: Enter the data from your hedge survey in the main d
surveyed. Some data entry boxes provide you with a drop d

hedge survey in the main data entry form below for each individual hedge
s provide you with a drop down list to select from.

BUTTERFLY SURVEY DATA ENTRY

Key
Enter data

NOTE: Enter the data from your butterfly survey in

individuals were seen leave cell blank, do not ente
of individuals seen at the bottom of the data entry

Additional Survey Results

Hedge Reference Number
1 Length of the individual hedge (m)
Butterfly species
Comma
Brimstone
Gatekeeper
Ringlet
Large White
Small White
Green-veined White
Marbled White
Large Skipper
Meadow Brown
Speckled Wood
Painted Lady
Small Tortoiseshell
Red Admiral
Peacock
Common Blue
Holly Blue
Small Copper

Species Unknown
Total number of individual butterflies recorded:
Butterfly Abundance (USE IF ONLY ABUNDANCE IS RECORDED)
Total number of individual butterflies recorded*:

* enter the number of butterflys seen here if the abundance only survey was carried out a

om your butterfly survey in the main data entry form below for each individual hedge surveyed. If no
eave cell blank, do not enter a "0". If an abundance only survey was carried out, enter the total number
he bottom of the data entry form.

Enter number of individuals recorded below:

ly survey was carried out and species not recorded

edge surveyed. If no
enter the total number

BUMBLEBEE SURVEY DATA ENTRY

Key
Enter data

NOTE: Enter the data from your bumblebee survey in the ma

no individuals were seen leave cell blank, do not enter a "0".
number of individuals seen at the bottom of the data entry fo

Additional Survey Results

Hedge Reference Number
1 Length of the individual hedge (m)
Bumblebee species
Heath bumblebee
White-tailed bumblebee
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Red tailed bumblebee
Tree bumblebee
Garden bumblebee
Early bumblebee
Common carder bumblebee

Species Unknown
Total number of individual bumblebees recorded:
Bumblebee Abundance
Total number of individual bumblebees recorded*:

Enter number of individu

* enter the number of bummblebee seen here if the abundance only survey was carried out and

ebee survey in the main data entry form below for each individual hedge surveyed. If
nk, do not enter a "0". If an abundance only survey was carried out, enter the total
om of the data entry form.

nter number of individuals recorded below:

y was carried out and species not recorded

BIRD SURVEY DATA ENTRY

Key
Enter data

NOTE: Enter the data from your bird survey in the main data
individuals were seen leave cell blank, do not enter a "0". If
number of individuals seen at the bottom of the data entry

Additional Survey Results

Hedge Reference Number
1 Length of the individual hedge (m)
Bird species
Chaffinch
Corn Bunting
Grey partridge
House sparrow
Linnet
Meadow pipits
Red leg Partridge
Reed bunting
Skylark
Starling
Tree sparrow
Yellowhammer
Bullfinch
Cirl bunting
Cuckoo
Dunnock/Hedge sparrow
Lesser redpoll
Lesser spotted woodpecker
Marsh tit
Red-backed shrike
Song thrush
Spotted flycatcher
Tree pipit
Turtle dove
Willow tit
Barn owl
Buzzard
Red kite
Kestrel
Rook
Whitethrout

Enter number of idiviua

Species unkown
Total number of indiviual birds recorded:
Bird Abundance
Total number of indiviual birds recorded*:

* enter the number of birds seen here if the abundance only survey was carried out and species

urvey in the main data entry form below for each individual hedge surveyed. If no
do not enter a "0". If an abundance only survey was carried out, enter the total
om of the data entry form.

nter number of idiviuals recorded below:

arried out and species not recorded

GROUND FLORA SURVEY DATA ENTRY

Key
Enter data

Additional Survey Results

Hedge Reference Number
1 Length of the individual hedge (m)
Ground flora species
Bluebell
Bracken
Bramble
Bush vetch
Cleavers **
Common knapweed
Common nettle**
Common vetch
Cow parsley
Creeping buttercup
Creeping cinquefoil
Creeping thistle
Cut-leaved cranesbill
Docks **
Dogs mercury
Doves-Foot cranesbill
Garlic mustard
Germander speedwell
Greater plantain
Greater stitchwort
Ground ivy
Hedge bedstraw
Herb-Robert
Hogweed
Ivy
Lords-and-ladies
Primrose
Ragwort
Red Campion
Red clover
Ribwort plantain
Spear thistle
Violet
White clover
Wood anemone
Moss

NOTE: If a plant species was recorded to be present

entry cell. This indicates that that species was prese
blank and do not enter a '0'. If an abundance only s
the bottom of the data entry form.

Species Unknown
Total number of different types of plant:
Ground flora species richness
Total number of different types of plant*:

* enter the number of different types of plant here if the abundance only survey was carried

es was recorded to be present in either of the two quadrats enter the number 1 in the relevant data
es that that species was present, a species was not recorded in either of the quadrats leave the cell
r a '0'. If an abundance only survey was carried out enter the number of different types of plant seen at
a entry form.

ance only survey was carried out and species not recorded

the relevant data

drats leave the cell
types of plant seen at

HEDGELINK'S FLAGSHIP SPECIES

Key

NOTE: How many of Hedgelink's Flagship species

do you know to be present on your farm?
Indicate a status for each of the species in the
data entry form below using the drop down list. A
total will be automatically calculated.

Enter data

Flagship species

Purple ramping fumitory

Orange-Fruited Elm-lichen

Large or Moss carder-bee

Brown hairstreak

Goat moth

Common lizard

Tree sparrow

Bullfinch

Yellowhammer

Present on farm

Soprano pipistrelle

Hedgehog
Dormouse
TOTAL

Results
Hedge survey indicators
Indicator
Connectivity
Hedge network density
Density of hedgerow trees
Structural diversity of hedges
Hedges in favourable condition
Food resources

Hedge management
Categories
Hedges potentially suitable for coppicing
Hedges providing a good food resource
Hedges in favourable condition
Hedges in unfavourable condition

Graphs
Connectivity
5
4
Food resources

3
2
1
0

Hedges in favourable condition

Structural diversity of hedges

PLEASE NOTE: Biodiversity graphs are only calculated if full additional surveys are carried

Butterfly Diversity
Number of individuals pe

30
25
20
Number of species
15
10
5
0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Diversity score

Bumblebee Diversit
Number of individuals per

15

12
Number of species
9

0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Diversity score

40
35

Bird Diversity
Number of individuals per

Bird Diversity
Number of individuals per

40
35
30
25of species
Number
20
15
10
5
0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
Diversity score

0.6

Measurement
% of hedges with good continuity
average km of hedge per ha
average number of trees per km of hedge
number of hedge growth stages present on the farm (out of 7)
% of hedge network in favourable condition
% of hedge network providing a good food resource

Hedge reference numbers

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Connectivity
5
4

ources

Hedge network density

2
1
0

ndition

Density of hedgerow trees

Structural diversity of hedges

calculated if full additional surveys are carried out

Butterfly Diversity
Number of individuals per hedge

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Diversity score

Bumblebee Diversity
Number of individuals per hedge

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Diversity score

Bird Diversity
Number of individuals per hedge

0.8

0.9

Bird Diversity
Number of individuals per hedge

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Diversity score

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Result
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Score
#DIV/0!

0.9

0.9

How to interpret your diversity graphs

Data from the additional surveys has been displayed in the bubble graphs to
number of species along the Y axis is and diversity score along the X axis. Eac
the size of the bubble is determined by the number of individuals counted inc

These graphs can be used to indicate the overall biodiversity status of your he
of your hedges the closer the bubbles will be to the top right hand corner of t
bubble will be - this shows your hedge support a high number of individuals ,
score. If your hedges support a low level of diversity then the closer the bubb
corner of the graphs.

Farm scale - additional surveys

Indicator
Butterflies
Bumblebees
Birds
Ground flora

Hedge scale - additional surveys

Butterflies
Total number of individuals (if species recorded)
Total number of individuals (abundance only)
Number of species
Diversity score
Bumblebees
Total number of individuals (if species recorded)
Total number of individuals (abundance only)
Number of species
Diversity score
Birds
Total number of individuals (if species recorded)
Total number of individuals (abundance only)
Number of species
Diversity score
Ground flora
Number of different plants (if species recorded)
Number of different plants (species not recorded)
Woody species
Number of woody species

Abundance
0
0
0
N/A

Hedge reference number

0
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
0
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
0

0
0
0
#DIV/0!
0
0

1
0

Hedgelink' s flagship species

Flagship species
Purple ramping fumitory
Orange-Fruited Elm-lichen
Large or Moss carder-bee
Brown hairstreak
Goat moth
Common lizard
Tree sparrow
Bullfinch
Yellowhammer
Soprano pipistrelle
Hedgehog

Present on farm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Dormouse
TOTAL (out of 12)

0
0

ow to interpret your diversity graphs

ata from the additional surveys has been displayed in the bubble graphs to the left. These graphs plot the
mber of species along the Y axis is and diversity score along the X axis. Each bubble represents a hedge and
e size of the bubble is determined by the number of individuals counted including all species.

ese graphs can be used to indicate the overall biodiversity status of your hedges. The better the biodiversity
your hedges the closer the bubbles will be to the top right hand corner of the graphs and the bigger the
bble will be - this shows your hedge support a high number of individuals , species and has a high diversity
ore. If your hedges support a low level of diversity then the closer the bubbles will be to the bottom left han
rner of the graphs.

Abundance (species NOT recorded)

Number of species
0
0
0
N/A

Diversity score
0
#DIV/0!
0
#DIV/0!
0
#DIV/0!
0
N/A

erence number
0

0
0
0
0
#DIV/0!

0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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3
0

0
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0
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4
0

ese graphs plot the

epresents a hedge and
pecies.

better the biodiversity

and the bigger the
d has a high diversity
to the bottom left hand

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8
0

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Whether a hedge is in favourable condition is determined by the following attributes and is
on the criteria developed and defined by the Steering Group for the UK BAP for Hedgerows.
1. Less than 20% combined cover of nettles, cleavers and docks.
2. Maximum of 10% cover by non-native woody species.
3. At least 1m in height and 1.5m in width.
4. No gaps over 5m.
5. Less than 10% gaps.
6. Base of canopy less than 0.5m above ground for shrubby hedgerows.

To improve the condition of a hedge actions such as those in Table 1 as suggested in the De
Hedgerow Handbook (2007) could be undertaken.

Management Recommendations

Based on your survey results you may have identified indicators you wish to improve on or speci
bring them back into favourable condition. Management recommendations for each of the hedge
below. More general information on hedge management for biodiversity and how to reduce the im
wildlife can also be found here. These recommendations are based on your indicator scores and
guidance on how they maybe improved.
For further information on managing hedges see the Hedgelink website :

www.hedgelink.org.uk

Connectivity

Hedgerows, particularly those connected to woodland, have been found to provide additional ha
species. Increasing hedgerow habitat and landscape connectivity should therefore be beneficial
and connected to other semi-natural features such as ponds and woodlands.
To improve landscape connectivity:

1. Maintain and improve habitat connectivity across the farm by linking existing habitats such as
managing existing hedges to increase connectivity
2. If under 2 metres allow hedge width to increase by reducing side flailing pressure.
3. Plant up any large hedge gaps with native hedgerow species.

4. If flailing, incrementally increase cutting height each time by 10-15cm to promote dense grow

5. Control livestock access to hedges to prevent the hedge bottom being grazed and the develop
6. Leave outgrowths of bramble and rose, along with patches of suckering blackthorn and elder.

7. Maintain hedgerow trees or plant new trees either side gate ways. This may provide connectiv
dormouse.
Hedge network density

Loss of hedgerows has been identified as a major factor in the decline of many plant and animal
landscapes in the UK. Reasons for the decline in their presence and quality include the loss of a
intensification, and the abandonment of traditional management practice such as coppicing.
To increase hedgerow density:

1) Increase your length of hedges by having smaller fields and planting new hedges for both wild

2) When planting new hedges it is important to selcet the right species - think about whay you a
are best. Try to use a wide range of different and locally appropriete native shrubs and trees.

Density of hedgerow trees

Hedgerow trees are of great importance to wildlife with 57% of the 130 priority BAP species asso
The optimum density of hedgerow trees is thought to be approximately 1 tree per 50m of hedge
To improve density of hedgerow trees:
1. Aim for a density of approximately 1 tree per 50m of hedge

2. Where the density of hedgerow trees is too low encourage new ones by selecting and marking
new trees

3. Look after mature hedgerow trees, buffer the root system which can extend into the field from

4. Selectively fell existing trees if the density is too high and trees are shading hedge shrub and
5. Retain standing and fallen deadwood

Structural diversity of hedges

Habitat heterogeneity is closely associated with biodiversity. Although hedges are highly regarde
hedgerow network consisting of hedges of the same growth stage can meet the needs of a wide
coppice rotation will produce a range of growth stages, providing structural diversity within the l
diversity of organisms.
To increase structural diversity:

1. Produce a 10-20 year management plan for the hedges of your farm where possible have diffe
as well as leaving a proportion unmanaged each year

Plan to have short, tall and in-between hedges. As a rough guide, aim for 5% of hedges to be rec
tall, 30% between 3m and 5m high, and 5% lines of trees (Hedgelink, 2014).

2. If some of your hedges have become lines of trees, manage these as lines of trees rather than

3. Hedge laying is a good technique for stimulating dense bushy growth at the base of a hedge,
habitat for wildlife. Manage a section of hedge by laying to increase the types of hedge you have
Hedges in favourable condition


Whether a hedge is in favourable condition is determined by the following attributes and is based
on the criteria developed and defined by the Steering Group for the UK BAP for Hedgerows.
1. Less than 20% combined cover of nettles, cleavers and docks.
2. Maximum of 10% cover by non-native woody species.
3. At least 1m in height and 1.5m in width.
4. No gaps over 5m.
5. Less than 10% gaps.
6. Base of canopy less than 0.5m above ground for shrubby hedgerows.
To improve the condition of a hedge actions such as those in Table 1 as suggested in the Defra
Hedgerow Handbook (2007) could be undertaken.

Food resources

Hedgerow management has a strong influence on fruit (berries and nuts) production. For examp
been found to exceed those annually flailed due to fruit only occurring on second year growth. A
few years after coppicing, a hedge under coppice management which is only side flailed every 3
resource to wildlife than a hedge which is flailed annually.
To improve a hedges value as a food resource:
1. Increase flowering and fruiting by reducing flailing to once every three or four years only.
2. Cut hedges on rotation and no more than a third in any year.
3. Avoid trimming early between March and early September, cutting most hedges in January or
4. Coppice hedges late in the winter (Jan-Feb) to maintain food resources (hedgerow berries)
5. Retain dead wood within hedgerows wherever possible.
6. If flailing, incrementally increase cutting height by 10-15cm each time.

7. When planting new hedges include a range of species that provide food throughout the year s
(summer flowers, autum berries).

8. Encourage flowers and grasses at the base and margins of a hedge - do not spray or cultivate

General management of hedges for wildlife

Due to the variability in species requirement and of hedgerows it is unlikely one single prescript
of all wildlife in a given area (Hinsley and Bellamy 2000). Hedgerow management should therefo
localities. These aims may be directed at certain species of interest or conservation value or mo
the intention is to increase biodiversity more generally, Hinsley and Bellamy (2000) recommend
management.
1. Combine hedgerows with other habitats
2. Increase hedge width (preferably 2m) and vegetation density of short narrow hedges.
3. Increase structural diversity between hedges - variation in height, number of trees.
4. Trim hedges on rotation so that not all hedges are cut in the same year.
5. Provide a variety of hedge at different sizes and types within a given locality.
6. Cut late in the winter to maintain food resources.

7. Maintain good cover at the base of a hedge - prevent over grazing and herbicide drift and on
scrub and outgrowth.
8. When restoring or creating new hedges take into account the type of wildlife/birds you would
design.
9. Encourage flower rich margins
Reducing advise affects of coppicing on wildlife

Below are recommendation quoted from 'Wood fuel from hedges' by Devon Hedge Gr

1. Before any work begins, assess likely impacts on biodiversity, landscape character, cultural h
features of particular importance so they can be safeguarded. (The opportunity may also be tak
rabbits, etc.).

2. Manage no more than half the hedges on a farm through coppicing without any subsequent t
and trees or allow them to develop. Laying some hedges will help to preserve this traditional ski

3. Plan to have a cropping rotation that is between 10 and 20 years in length (depending on spe
maintain woody and herb floral diversity and limit any impact on landscape character.

4. Introduce any coppice rotation gradually, with no more than 5% of hedges on a farm coppiced
diversity at the farm scale is maintained and help to retain habitat continuity.

5. Retain mature hedgerow trees and keep the shrub line on either side of those with particular
will include fruit trees, those with significant veteran features (large trunks, rot holes and dead w
communities. This will both help to maintain local landscape character and to conserve the rich

6. Engage local communities and landowners through information and advice before works start

Hedge Survey Sheet

Date:

Hedgerow reference number

Consider the whole hedgerow

Hedgerow characteristics
1 Length of the individual hedge (m)
2 Hedge side surveyed
3 Hedge growth stage (see notes)
4 Average height of hedge shrub (m) to nearest 25cm
5 Average width (m) to nearest 25cm
6 Average height of base of canopy (m) to nearest 25cm
7 % gaps (to nearest 5%)
8 Any gaps >5m
9 Number of hedgerow trees
10 Number of hedgerow trees with veteran features
11 Number of woody species
12 Three most dominant woody species:
1
2
3
13 Less than 10% cover of non-native woody species?
Associated features
14 Bank type (see notes)
15 Bank height (m)
16 Ditch type (see notes)
Margins
17 Adjacent land use (see notes)
18 Margin width (m)
19 Cover of nettles, cleavers and docks less than 20%? (see notes)
Hedge management
20 Current management (see notes)
Wildlife
21 Evidence of wildlife
Notes:

Butterfly Survey Sheet

Start time:
Finish time:
Butterfly species
Comma
Brimstone
Gatekeeper
Ringlet
Large White
Small White
Green-veined
White
Marbled White
Large Skipper
Meadow Brown
Speckled Wood
Painted Lady
Small
Tortoiseshell
Red Admiral
Peacock
Common Blue
Holly Blue
Small Copper
Species
Unknown
Additional species

Weather:

Date:
Hedgerow reference number

Bumblebee Survey Sheet

Start time:

Weather:

Finish time:

Date:
Hedgerow reference number

Common bumblebees
Heath
bumblebee
White-tailed
bumblebee
Buff-tailed
bumblebee
Red tailed
bumblebee
Tree
bumblebee
Garden
bumblebee
Early
bumblebee
Common
carder
bumblebee
Species
Unknown
Weather:

Date:

Common bumblebees
Heath
bumblebee
White-tailed
bumblebee
Buff-tailed
bumblebee
Red tailed
bumblebee
Tree
bumblebee
Garden
bumblebee
Early
bumblebee
Common
carder
bumblebee
Species
Unknown

Hedgerow reference number

Bird Survey Sheet

Start time:
Finish time:
Farmland birds
Chaffinch
Corn Bunting
Grey partridge
House sparrow
Linnet
Meadow pipits
Red leg Partridge
Reed bunting
Skylark
Starling
Tree sparrow
Yellowhammer
Kestrel
Rook
Whitethrout
Hedgerow BAP species
Bullfinch
Cirl bunting
Cuckoo
Dunnock/Hedge sparrow
Lesser redpoll
Lesser spotted woodpecker
Marsh tit
Red-backed shrike
Song thrush
Spotted flycatcher
Tree pipit
Turtle dove
Willow tit
Species unknown
Additional species
Barn owl
Buzzard
Red kite

Date:

Weather:
Hedgerow reference number

Ground Flora Survey Sheet

Date:
Plants
Bluebell
Bracken
Bramble
Bush vetch
Cleavers **
Common knapweed
Common nettle**
Common vetch
Cow parsley
Creeping buttercup
Creeping cinquefoil
Creeping thistle
Cut-leaved cranesbill
Docks **
Dogs mercury
Doves-Foot cranesbill
Garlic mustard
Germander speedwell
Greater plantain
Greater stitchwort
Ground ivy
Hedge bedstraw
Herb-Robert
Hogweed
Ivy
Lords-and-ladies
Primrose
Ragwort
Red Campion
Red clover
Ribwort plantain
Spear thistle
Violet
White clover
Wood anemone
Moss

Hedgerow reference number

1
Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2

Tree seedlings:
(list species)

Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2

Additional species

Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2

*If a species is present within a quadrat mark with a tick, cross or some kind of mark to indicate its presence

Abundance Survey: Birds, Butterfly, Bees and Ground Flora

Weather:

Date:
Hedgerow reference number

Bumblebees

Butterflies

Birds

Ground flora Q1

Ground flora Q2

Hedgerow reference number

Bumblebees

Butterflies

Birds

Ground flora Q1

Ground flora Q2

Hedgerow reference number

Bumblebees

Butterflies

Birds

Ground flora Q1

Ground flora Q2
* For butterflies, bumblebees and birds, simply record the number of individuals seen irrelevant of species.
For ground flora note down the number of different plant species seen in each quadrat.

Hedgelink Flagship species

1.Purple ramping fumitory Fumaria purpurea http://www.wildflowerso
2.Orange-fruited elm-lichen Caloplaca luteoalba https://s-media-cach
3.Large (Moss) Carder bee Bombus muscorum http://imgc.allpostersi
4.Brown hairstreak butterfly Thecla betulae (Rob Wolton)
5.Goat moth Cossus cossus http://www.hantsmoths.org.uk/images/go
6.Common lizard Zootoca vivipara http://www.stephenburch.com/oth
7.Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula http://www.wildbirdseeds.co.uk/lincs/ind
8.Tree sparrow Passer montanus http://www.audubon.org/field-guide/
9.Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinellahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yello
10.Soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus http://www.conserveirela
11.Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus http://www.express.co.uk/commen
12.Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius (Rob Wolton)

Butterflies
http://www.ukbutterflies.co.uk
1.Small White, Photographer: Kit Peel
2.Large White, Photographer: Buchan Boy
3.Comma, Photographer: Vince Massimo
4.Gatekeeper, Photographer: Neil Freeman
5.Ringlet, Photographer: Vince Massimo
6.Green veined white, Photographer: Neil Freeman
7.Marbled White, Photographer: Pete Eeles
8.Large Skipper, Photographer: Nick Broomer
9.Meadow Brown, photographer: Neil Hulme
10.Speckled Wood, Photographer: Neil Freeman
11.Painted Lady, Photographer: Vince Massimo
12.Small Tortoise shell, Photographer: Neil Hulme
13.Red Admiral, Photographer: Neil Freeman
14.Peacock, Photographer: Pete Eeles
15.Common Blue, Photographer: Neil Freeman
16.Holy Blue, Photographer: Trevor
17.Small copper, Photographer: Vince Massimo
Butterfly
### outline, http://www.instructables.com/id/Paper-butterflies-decorati

bumblebees
1.Bumblebee Conservation, http://bumblebeeconservation.org/about-b
2.Bee outline, http://www.clipartbest.com/bumblebee-outline

p://www.wildflowersofireland.net/plant_detail.php?id_flower=102&wildflower=Fumitory,%20Common%20Ram
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/23/d5/63/23d5639e6a0173364b51de06bb68c2c9.jpg
ttp://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/29/2911/6CSPD00Z/posters/keith-porter-common-card
b Wolton)
ths.org.uk/images/goat_moth_rw.jpg
ephenburch.com/other/reptiles.htm
seeds.co.uk/lincs/index.php/whats-that-bird-mainmenu-7/26-bullfinch
ubon.org/field-guide/bird/eurasian-tree-sparrow
kipedia.org/wiki/Yellowhammer
://www.conserveireland.com/mammals/soprano_pipistrelle.php
press.co.uk/comment/columnists/john-ingham/405726/Hedgehogs-are-safer-skulking-than-exploring-open-sp

r-butterflies-decoration/

servation.org/about-bees/identification/common-bumblebees/
bee-outline

%20Common%20Ramping
68c2c9.jpg
h-porter-common-carder-bee-adult-worker-peterborough-uk.jpg

han-exploring-open-spaces