Professional Documents
Culture Documents
doc
QP Code : 7231
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What is LAG phase, LOG phase and Window period in HIV and their
significance?
8.
7231_2007_1_S11.doc
QP Code: 7231
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions
LONG ESSAY
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
5.
Hyperbaric Oxygen
6.
7.
Lung sounds
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7232_2006_1_S01.doc
QP Code: 7232
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
drugs,
*****
indications
side
effects,
7232_2007_1_S03.doc
QP Code: 7232
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Discuss the case finding and case holding under RNTCP (Revised
National Tuberculosis Control Programme).
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
How do you
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Aspergilloma
4.
5.
6.
7.
Pleural biopsy
8.
7233_2006_1_S03.doc
QP Code: 7233
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Oxygen toxicity
4.
Lung transplantation
5.
6.
7.
8.
7233_2007_1_S12.doc
QP Code: 7233
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions
LONG ESSAY
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
What is pleurodisis?
pleurodisis agents?
4.
What are the various laboratory techniques, which are used, in viral infections?
5.
Describe the various loop volume and Spiro metric curves in various diseased conditions
6.
Write the differences between chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Mention the salient features of
management of both.
7.
What are the differences between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema? How do you
manage non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
8.
What are the indications for mechanical ventilation and complications? Discuss
*****
7501.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
BASIC SCIENCES INCLUDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PERTAINING TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PAPER I (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Interleukin 2
4.
5.
6.
Bronchial circulation
7.
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_2006_1_S03.doc
PAPER I
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code: 7501
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Bronchopulmonary sequestration
4.
Mucociliary escalator
5.
6.
Rifabutin
7.
Azygos lobe
8.
J-Receptors
*****
7501_2006_2_S11.doc
QP Code: 7501
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions
LONG ESSAY
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
Briefly describe the technique of BAL and its utility in respiratory diseases.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Bronchopulmonary sequestration
4.
Mucociliary escalator
5.
6.
Rifabutin
7.
Azygos lobe
8.
J-receptors
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_2007_1_S01.doc
QP Code: 7501
(Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
4.
Respiratory acidosis
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pulmonary angiography
*****
7501_2007_2_S33.doc
QP Code : 7501
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions
LONG ESSAY
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Write in detail the pathophysiology of respiration at high altitude and various diseases associated
with it
2.
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Idiopathic pulmonary
Hypertension
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Ciclesonide
5.
6.
7.
8.
Sarcoidosis
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_2008_1_S42
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
BASIC SCIENCES INCLUDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PERTAINING TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PAPER I (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Bronchoprovocation tests
5.
Development of diaphragm
6.
Float test
7.
Anion gap
8.
Bronchopulmonary sequestration
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_2009_1_S43.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
BASIC SCIENCES INCLUDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PERTAINING TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PAPER I (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
J-receptors
5.
Closing volume
6.
7.
8.
Muscarinic receptors
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_2011_1_S201.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
BASIC SCIENCES INCLUDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PERTAINING TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PAPER I (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
What is interstitium? Classify idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and correlate each with
histopathological pattern
2.
Discuss the anatomy of pleura and the etiopathogenesis of pleural fluid accumulation
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Lungs in pregnancy
5.
Pyrazinamide
6.
Diffusion studies
7.
8.
Entrapped lung
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_2012_1_S202.doc2
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
BASIC SCIENCES INCLUDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PERTAINING TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PAPER I (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
Describe the development of diaphragm. Discuss the clinical situation of bilateral diaphragm
palsy
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Anticholinergic drugs
4.
5.
6.
Flail chest
7.
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_2012_2_S271.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
BASIC SCIENCES INCLUDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PERTAINING TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PAPER I (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Describe in detail the control of ventilation in body and discuss in brief the disorders of
regulation of breathing
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Mast cell
5.
Pulmonary sequestration
6.
Therapeutic bronchoscopy
7.
Respiratory amyloidosis
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
MD PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 x 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Apoptosis
4.
PLUNC genes
5.
Closing volume
6.
Alveolar hypoventilation
7.
Cheyne-stokes respiration
8.
Respiratory alkalosis
6 x 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7501_9999_9_S273.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
BASIC SCIENCES INCLUDING ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PERTAINING TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PAPER I (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Describe in details the mechanism of cough production, its causes and characteristics of cough
2.
Outline genetically related respiratory diseases and discuss the role of counselling in each one
of them
SHORT ESSAY
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Scimitar syndrome
4.
O 2 dissociation curve
5.
6.
7.
Aiveolar macrophages
8.
Airway resistance
*****
7502.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON TUBERCULAR RESPIRATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND GENERAL MEDICINE
PAPER II (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Discuss various diagnostic techniques in the evaluation of lung tumors. How will you manage
small cell carcinoma of lung
2.
SHORT ESSAY
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis
4.
Management of COPD
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pulmonary nocardiosis
*****
7502_2006_1_S04.doc
PAPER II
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code: 7502
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Palliative radiotherapy
4.
Addisons disease
5.
Oxygen therapy
6.
Pleural fluid pH
7.
Bronchoplerual fistula
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7502_2006_2_S01.doc
QP Code: 7502
(Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
acquired
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Aspergrilloma
4.
Nocardiosis
5.
Hydatidosis
6.
7.
8.
7502_2007_1_S03.doc
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code: 7502
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1. Classify pneumonias. Write briefly about the pathogenesis, diagnosis
and treatment of Nosocomial pneumonias.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
3. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
4.
Bronchopleural fistula
5.
Catemeniel pneumothorax
6.
7.
Carcinoid tumour
8.
Acute pancreatitis
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7502_2007_2_S33.doc
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code : 7502
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions
LONG ESSAY
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Describe the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis & management of Cystic Fibrosis
2.
Describe the physiology of pleural fluid dynamics. Discuss the diagnosis, clinical features of pleural
effusion
SHORT ESSAY
3.
O2 dissociation curve
4.
Shavers disease
5.
6.
Closing volumes
7.
8.
Lung Biopsy
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7502_2008_1_S42
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON TUBERCULAR RESPIRATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND GENERAL MEDICINE
PAPER II (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Classify eosinophilic lung disease. Describe the diagnostic aspects and management of Allergic
Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
2.
Discuss in detail about the pathologic characteristic, diagnostics studies and management of
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
SHORT ESSAY
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Recurrent pneumonia
4.
5.
6.
Parapneumonic effusion
7.
8.
*****
7502_2009_1_S43.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON TUBERCULAR RESPIRATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND GENERAL MEDICINE
PAPER II (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
Describe management of
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Chronic Empyema
4.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis
5.
Occupational Asthma
6.
7.
8.
Pulmonary hypertension
*****
7502_2011_1_S201.doc
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON TUBERCULAR RESPIRATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND GENERAL MEDICINE
PAPER II (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Discuss briefly the pathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of empyema
thoracis
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Septic shock
5.
6.
Klebsiella pneumonia
7.
Carbapenems
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7502_2012_1_S202.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON TUBERCULAR RESPIRATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND GENERAL MEDICINE
PAPER II (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
What is CURB 65? Discuss the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of pneumococcal
pneumonia
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
5.
Bronchopleural fistula
6.
Lupus pneumonia
7.
Endemic haemoptysis
8.
MRSA
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
MD PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 x 20 = 40 Marks
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Mycoplasma
6 x 10 = 60 Marks
pneumonia
4.
Melioidosis
5.
Lipoid pneumonia
6.
7.
Hyponatremia
8.
Thoracic amoebiasis
*****
MD PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 x 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Continuous
4.
Fat embolism
5.
Acute mediastinitis
6.
Nosocomial pneumonia
7.
8.
*****
6 x 10 = 60 Marks
7502_9999_9_S272.doc
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON TUBERCULAR RESPIRATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES
AND GENERAL MEDICINE
PAPER II (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Enumerate the factors predisposing to formation of lung abscess, its differential diagnosis and
management
2.
Describe in detail the pulmonary complications of HIV infection. Outline in brief their
management
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Hydatid disease
4.
5.
6.
Mycetoma
7.
Nosocomial pneumonia
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7503.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Niacin test
4.
Tuberculous Rheumatism
5.
6.
7.
8.
MAC Disease
*****
7503_2006_1_S01.doc
QP Code: 7503
(Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Category I Of RNTLP
4.
Tuberculosis Of Pleura
5.
Tuberculini Test
6.
7.
8.
Mortality In Tuberculosis
*****
7503_2006_2_S02.doc
PAPER III
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code: 7503
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
4.
Lubek disaster
5.
6.
Tuberculids
7.
Dots plus
8.
Wallegrens calendar
*****
7503_2007_1_S03.doc
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code: 7503
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
LONG ESSAYS
1.
2.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Niacin test
4.
Renal tuberculosis
5.
Collapse therapy
6.
Chemoprophylaxis
7.
Tuberculosis test
8.
Lupus vulgaris
*****
7503_2007_2_S33.doc
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code : 7503
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions
LONG ESSAY
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Describe in detail the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features & management of T.B meningitis
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
5.
Vanishing lung
6.
7.
PPD
8.
Epituberculosis
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7503_2008_1_S41
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
Discuss the burden of tuberculosis in our country and outline the Tuberculosis control
programme being implemented in our country
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Tuberculous tenosynovitis
4.
Nosocomial tuberculosis
5.
MGIT
6.
Pleural Tuberculosis
7.
Soft Tubercles
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7503_2009_1_S43.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Richs focus
4.
5.
6.
Tuberculous empyema
7.
8.
Endobronchial Tuberculosis
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7503_2011_1_S202.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Define mycobacterial drug resistance. Discuss briefly situations leading on to the development
of MDR TB.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Rifabutin
4.
Haemoptysis
5.
Tuberculous empyema
6.
Primary complex
7.
8.
Surgery in tuberculosis
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7503_2012_1_S203.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Lung fibrosis
4.
5.
6.
Potts disease
7.
XDR tuberculosis
8.
MOTT
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7503_2012_2_S201.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
What is XDR Tuberculosis? Discuss an ideal tuberculosis control programme and critically
evaluate the strength and weaknesses
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Latent tuberculosis
5.
DOTS PLUS
6.
Srofuloderma
7.
Miliary shadows
8.
Linezolid
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7503_2013_1_S272.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Discuss the evolution in medical and surgical management of pulmonary Tuberculosis in last 50
years
2.
SHORT ESSAY
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Rifabutine
4.
5.
6.
7.
Complications of abdominal TB
8.
*****
MD PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 x 20 = 40 Marks
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Siiico-tuberculosis
6 x 10 = 60 Marks
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
*****
7504.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LUNG
PAPER IV (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Berylliosis
4.
Genetics of asthma
5.
Decompression sickness
6.
7.
8.
*****
7504_2006_1_S02.doc
PAPER IV
(Revised Scheme)
QP Code: 7504
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
LONG ESSAYS
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
the
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
Virtual Bronchoscopy
4.
5.
Smoking cessation
6.
Capnography
7.
8.
7504_2006_2_S01.doc
QP Code: 7504
(Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Describe
the
investigations
thomboembolism.
and
treatment
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
of
pulmonary
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
3.
4.
Secondaries in lung
5.
6.
Aerosol therapy
7.
8.
7504_2007_1_S01.doc
QP Code: 7504
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Answer all questions
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
LONG ESSAYS
1.
Describe
the
investigations
thomboembolism.
and
treatment
2.
of
pulmonary
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
4.
Secondaries in lung
5.
6.
Aerosol therapy
7.
8.
7504_2007_2_S04.doc
QP Code : 7504
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions
LONG ESSAY
1.
2.
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Avian influenza
5.
6.
7.
Pulse oximetry
8.
Eosinophilic effusion
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7504_2008_1_S41
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LUNG
PAPER IV (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
Discuss various topical steroids and their delivery systems in asthma management
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Acute Corpulmonale
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7504_2009_1_S133.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LUNG
PAPER IV (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Lung transplantation
5.
6.
Mountain sickness
7.
8.
Antioxidants
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7504_2011_1_S201.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LUNG
PAPER IV (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
2.
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Virtual bronchoscopy
4.
Pancost syndrome
5.
6.
Biolung
7.
Acinetabacter
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
7504_2012_1_S202.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LUNG
PAPER IV (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Classify COPD as per GOLD guidelines. What is the long term management strategy in a case of
COPD
2.
Classify diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. What are the radiological features of ILD
SHORT ESSAY
3.
4.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
5.
Carcinoid tumour
6.
Horners syndrome
7.
CPAP
8.
Incentive spirometry
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****
MD PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 x 20 = 40 Marks
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Asbestosis
6 x 10 = 60 Marks
4.
Decompression sickness
5.
6.
Inhaled corticosteroids
7.
8.
*****
MD PULMONARY MEDICINE
2 x 20 = 40 Marks
2.
SHORT ESSAYS
3.
Chronic alveolar
hypoventilation
4.
5.
6.
7.
Lung transplantation
8.
*****
6 x 10 = 60 Marks
7504_9999_9_S272.doc
[Time: 3 Hours]
PULMONARY MEDICINE
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LUNG
PAPER IV (Revised Scheme)
2 X 20 = 40 Marks
1.
Discuss in detail the acid base balance in human body. Enumerate the causes of metabolic
acidosis
2.
Describe the etiopathogenesis of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and discuss management
of the same
SHORT ESSAY
3.
Pectus excavatum
4.
5.
6.
7.
Pleural plaques
8.
6 X 10 = 60 Marks
*****