Q: What is the full form of EPC

A: Engineering, Procurement and construction

Q: What is the principle of Generator
A: The Generator works on Faradays laws of Electromagnetic Induction. As per the
first law whenever there is a relative motion between conductor and magnetic field,
an EMF is induced. The second law states that the magnitude of EMF is directly
proportional to the rate of change of flux.
Q: What are the various types of Power generating plants
A: Thermal Power station, Hydel Power station, Solar Power station and wind power
station. Thermal Power station are further classified as Coal based, Nuclear based
and gas based.
Q: What are various voltage levels in India
A: In single phase : 240V AC In three phase: 415V, 3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV, 33kV,
66kV, 132kV, 220kV, 400kV, 765kV and 1000kV
Q: What are the various standards/guides used in Electrical design
A: IEC- International Electro-technical commission, IEEE- Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Enginieers, IS- Indian Standard, CBIP- Central Board of Irrigation and
Power, CEA guidelines- Central Electricity Authority, NFPA: National Fire Protection
Association etc.
Q: How to specify the following equipment 1) Generator 2) Transformer 3) Breaker
4)Busbar 5)Battery 6) Motor 7)CTs 8) PTs
A: Generator: kVA, kW with pf, Voltage
Transformer: kVA, Voltage ratio, Type of cooling, % Impedance, Taps
Breaker: Continuous current, Voltage and Short circuit value
Battery : Ampere Hour, Motor: Voltage, kW or HP
CTs:
Metering CT- CT ratio, VA, Class of accuracy
Protection CT: CT ratio, VA, Amplitude Limited factor
Class X or PS Protection CT: CT ratio, Knee Point voltage, Magnetising current at half
the knee point voltage, CT Resistance.
PTs:

Metering PT- PT ratio VA, Class of accuracy

Protection PT- - PT ratio, Protection class accuracy

Q: What is standard secondary rating of CTs and PTs

A: The CTs secondary can be either 1A or 5A, The PT secondary is 110V
Q: What are the factors to be considered for design of Electrical system
A: The following shall be taken into consideration
1) Safety
2) Minimum Initial investment
3) Maximum service continuity
4 ) Maximum Flexibility and Expandability
5) Maximum Electrical Efficiency (Minimum Operating Costs)
6) Minimum Maintenance Cost
7) Maximum Power Quality

Q: What are the phases of Designing

A: Basic or conceptual designing and Detailed designing

Q: What are the deliverables in Basic Design?

A:
1) Basic design consideration
2) Load Summary
3) Specification of various equipment
4) System studies to finalize the System voltage and short circuit values
5) Single line diagram
6) Area classification

Q: What are the deliverables in Detailed Design

A:
1) System studies
2) Load lists
3) Various equipment ( Transformer, Generator, Capacitor bank, UPS,
Battery,cable) sizing
4) Earthing design
5) Illumination design
6) Detailed SLD and Protection SLDs
7) Equipment layouts, Earthing and lightning protection layouts, Illumination
layouts, cable tray layouts
8) Preparation of detailed specifications of equipment
9) Evaluation of bids
10)

Vendor drawing review

11)

Cable schedules, termination schedules

12)

Field quality plans

13)

Testing and commissioning support

Q: How the voltage are classified

A:

The terminology used divides voltage classes into:

Low voltage <1.1 kV.
Medium voltage >1.1 kV to 11 kV
High voltage.>11 kV to 66 kV
Extra-high voltage. > 66kV to 765kV
Ultra-high voltage.> 765kV

Q: How the voltages are classified for Motors

A: Upto 200kW 415V
200kW to 1500kW- 3.3kV or 6.6kV

>1500kW 11kV

Q: What are other disciplines with which the co-ordination required in design
A: The disciplines are
1) Civil and structural
2) Mechanical Rotating, Piping, HVAC, Stationary
3) Process
4) Control and instrumentation
5) Safety
6) Project Management
Q: What is green field and brown field project
A: A green field project is a completely new project and whereas brown field project
means is either a expansion or renovation of existing project.

Q: What are the minimum data to be provided in a load list

A: The following shall be provided in a load list
1) Equipment tag no
2) Equipment name
3) Rating of equipment in kW or kVA with Voltage
4) Type of duty- Continuous, Intermittent, standby, Future
5) Type of load- Vital, Essential, Non- Essential
6) Zone of Classification

Q: What is load factor

A: The ratio of the average load supplied during a designated period to the peak
load occurring in that period, in kilowatts.
Q: What are various type of loads

A: Vital loads: These are mainly for the safety of the personnel- Emergency
lighting, Fire detection systems, UPS, Navigation aids, Public address system
Essential loads: These are mainly for safety of the process equipment- Important
pumps of the process, DC Battery charger, UPS, Emergency lighting etc
Non-Essential loads: The loads which can be shut down are called non essential
loads
Q: What are the values of Diversity factors to be considered for Continous,
Intermittent and stand by loads
A: For continuous loads 0.9 to 1.0, For intermittent loads- 0.5 to 0.6 and for
Standby loads- 0.1 to 0.
The diversity factors at the basic engineering stage or FEED stage is little higher.

Q: How many incoming source feeders to be considered for a process plant

A: The no. of feeders shall be such that the process shall not have any effect in case
of (N-1) contingency where N is total no. of incoming feeders.