Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Bachelors of Technology
In
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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2012-2016
Submitted To
Er. PAWAN PUNIA-HOD,EEE
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Submitted By
JASKAWAL SINGH-12ETSEX009
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CERTIFICATE
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ABSTRACT
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of their use.
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CANDIDATES DECLARATION
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The work reported in this has not been submitted by me for award
of any other degree or diploma.
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Signature of Candidate:
Jaskawal singh
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12ETSEX009
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knowledge.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
TITLE PAGE........................................i
CERTIFICATE....................................ii
ABSTRACT..........................................iii
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CANDIDATES DECLARATION....iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................vi
LIST OF FIGURES.............................ix
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LIST OF TABLES................................x
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1.
AUTOMATION....................................11
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1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Introduction to automation.....................12
Block diagram of automation.................14
Application.............................................14
Advantage and Disadvantage.................18
Automation tools....................................20
Limitation of automation........................21
2.
CONTROLLER.....................................22
2.1
2.2
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CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
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2.
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2.2.5 DCS..................................................30
3.
PLC....................................................... 31
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3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
Programming Language......................46.
Ladder logic .......................................47
Timers ................................................49
Compare instructions..........................50
Counter................................................52
Compute/Math ...................................53
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CHAPTER NO.
TITLE
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4.
SCADA.....................................................59
4.1 Introduction to SCADA...............................60
4.2 What SCADA can do for you......................61
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4.4 Functionality...............................................63
4.5 Automation.................................................70
4.6 Application Development...........................71
4.7 Application of SCADA...............................72
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CONCLUSION....................................77
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REFERENCES....................................78
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LIST OF FIGURES
S NO.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
NAME
PAGE NO.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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11.
12.
13.
14.
Trending.....................................................64
Alarm Handling..........................................65
Logging and Archiving...............................66
SCADA Systems........................................75
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LIST OF TABLES
S NO.
NAME
PAGE NO.
PLC Vendors.........................................36
2.
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1.
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Chapter - I
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Automation
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Mechanization.
Whereas
Mechanization
Provided
Human
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Automated.
Automated
Devices
With
Mathematical
And
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As
Man-MachineInterfaces,
Are
Usually
Employed
To
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FIG:01
1.3. Applications
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shall
accommodate
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Automated manufacturing:
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Home automation:
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Industrial automation:
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Industrial automation deals with the optimization of energyefficient drive systems by precise measurement and control
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Agent-assisted Automation :
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1.4. Advantages
The main advantages of automation are:
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Disadvantages
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High
initial
cost:
The
automation
of
a
new product or plant typically requires a very large initial
investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product,
although the cost of automation may be spread among many
products and over time.
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Information
technology,
together
with industrial machinery and processes, can assist in the design,
implementation, and monitoring of control systems. One example
of an industrial control system is a programmable logic
controller (PLC). PLCs are specialized hardened computers which
are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from
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Human-machine
interfaces (HMI)
or computer
human
interfaces (CHI), formerly known as man-machine interfaces, are
usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other
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Instrumentation
Motion control
Robotics
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Chapter II
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Controllers
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the sum of recent errors, and the derivative value determines the
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FIG:
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level.
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have two or more directions of motion, called axes. These axes can
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FIG:03
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data
acquisition
in
control
and
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automation
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1) Machine controls.
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manufacturing systems.
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Chapter III
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output devices.
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FIG:04
is
digital
computer
used
for
automationof
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depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs. The user
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already using them. If you are not, you are wasting money and
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PLC controllers are low cost, compact, versatile units based on the
standard microprocessor architecture used in the control of
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ladder logic.
PLC systems have considerable advantages over the old relay logic
systems. They include:
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PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the most common
choice for manufacturing controls.
The first PLC, model 084, was invented by Dick Morley.
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S.N
Company
Country
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FIG:05
I/O MODULES
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the various signals received from or sent to the external input and
output devices. Input modules converts signals from discrete or
analog input devices to logic levels
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PROCESSOR
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
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Used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence
of operation and control of process equipment or driven machine.
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2. Modular - In this type of PLC the input and output modules are
used and thus the number of the I/O ports is variable n depend
upon the number of slots available and modules used.
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Read all field input devices via the input interfaces, execute the
user program stored in application memory, then, based on
whatever control scheme has been programmed by the user, turn
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FIG:06
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A PLC scan cycle begins with the CPU reading the status of its
inputs.
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the input device and the processor. This eliminates any possibility
of the unwanted (high surge or malfunctioned) input line voltage
from coming in contact with and damaging the low voltage DC
section of the Processor.
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FIG:07
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FIG:08
3.11. Communications :
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Ethernet
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increased from the original 10 megabits per sec to 100 gigabits per
sec
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RS-232
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RS-485
RS-485 can be used effectively over long distances. it can transfer35M bits per second up to 10 meter 100 Kbits/sec 1200 meter.
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RS-422
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The language which we used in the PLC for writing any logic is
Ladder language.
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Input Instruction
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instruction will not be true and hence output will not be generated.
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Output Instruction
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OTU (output unlatch ):If the rung is true, turns OFF a bit. The bit
stays OFF until the rung containing an OTL with
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same address goes true and the rung containing OUT with same
address remains false.
3.14. Timers
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1. TON-
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This is an ON timer , in this we set the time base and can give the
time delay.
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2. TOF
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3. RTO-
This is called Retentive Timer On, here the timer is not reset once
we disable it, so we need to use the RES (reset) function. This
timer can be paused easily.
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The Rung goes true when test value in between lower and higher
limit.
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2.EQU (Equal):
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5.GRT(Greater Than):
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3.16. Counters
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1. CTU-
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This is Counter Up, here we set the preset and whenever the signal
is given the accumulator is increased, to reset the counter we have
to use RES.
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2. CTD-
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RESET Function-
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1.ADD (Addition):
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When the rung goes true, value stored in source A is added with
value stored in Source B and the resulted value is stored in
Destination.
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2.SUB (Subtraction):
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3.MUL (Multiplication):
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4.DIV (Division):
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3.18. Move/Logical:
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1. MOV (Move):
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destination.
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6.CLR(Clear):
empty.
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Rslogix500 OR Rslogix
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File
Type
Description
#
O0
Output
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I1
Input
S2
Status
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Chapter IV
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SCADA
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process )
A- and
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A- acquisition
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monitoring.
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Siemens Win CC
4.4. Functionality
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4.4.2 Trending
The
products
all
provide
trending
facilities
and
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FIG:11
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priority levels (in general many more than 3 such levels) are
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supported.
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FIG:12
same
facility.
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FIG:13
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4.4.5 Networking
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networking.
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system.
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for storage and reporting they use third party database like
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MS Access or SQL.
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4.4.8 Script
program.
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programmer.
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One can produce reports using SQL type queries to the archive,
RTDB or logs. Although it is sometimes possible to embed
EXCEL charts in the report, a "cut and paste" capability is in
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4.5 AUTOMATION
The
majority
of
the
products
allow
actions
to
be
general,
one
can
load
particular
display,
send
an
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(FSM).
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4.6.1 Configuration
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stages.
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parameters.
The
products
also
provide
an
ASCII
Export/Import
facility
for
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such as Excel and then importing the data into the configuration
database.
privileges.
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manage.
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Distribution
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4.7.4 Manufacturing
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out-of-order signals.
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operations
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4.8. Communications
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CONCLUSION
All the different languages have the function of providing the easy
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REFRENCES:
[1]
Madhuchhanda
Gupta,Programmable
Automation,penram
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Ltd.,Third Edition.2005
Mitra
Logic
and
Controllers
International
Samarjit
and
publishing
Sen
Industrial
(India)
Pvt.
[4]Nebojsa
Matric,
Introduction
to
PLC
Controllers,
http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Home-Automation-Solutions-
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and-Business-Issues-2009-18434.html
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