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1
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B GDP

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C GDP

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2006 GDP 400 2006 GDP 400 GDP 100
2007 GDP 800 2007 GDP 400 GDP 200
B 2009 2010 GDP
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C 2009 2010
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9873
9269

118
113

1999 2000 GDP ?(


?(
A1999
?())
1999 2000 GDP (9873-9269)/9269100%=65%
1999 2000 GDP
GDP ??
B1999
1999 2000 GDP (118-113)/113100%=44%
1999 GDP ??
C 1996 1999
1996 1999 GDP 9269/(113/100)=8203(10 )
2000 GDP ??
D 1996 2000
1996 2000 GDP 9873/(118/100)=8367(10 )
E1999
1999 2000 GDP ??
1999 2000 GDP (8367-8203)/8203100%=20%
F GDP GDP

GDP
7 GDP
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gov GDP GDP GDP
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docgov

8 100 150
180
GDP
AGDP
GDP GDP 180
B

100 150-100=50 180-150=30


C GDP GDP

100+50+30=180 GDP GDP GDP

9 GDP
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(()) 23
233

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GDP GDP
10 1970
10
137

A GDP?
GDP
B
?
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C
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11 Barry 400 50 350


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() 370
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??
04
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1 2008 200
75 50 50 500 2009
2009 225 75
100 75
120 80 100 500
120
A

2006

1.50

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1.50

0.20

2007
3
B 2008 CPI
CPI

2008 CPI 100 50 500

2008100 2 +50 1.50 +500 0.10 = 325


2009 100 3 +50 1.50 +5000.20 = 475
2008CPI
2008325 /325 100 = 100
2009 475 /325 100 = 146
2009 ?
?
C2009
CPI 2009
2009146-100/100 x 100% = 46%

CPI
2009 475 -325 /325 x 100% = 46%
http://www.bls.gov
2http://www.bls.gov
http://www.bls.gov

1997 CPI 1947 637%[CPI1997CPI1947]/CPI1947


100% = 637% CPI1997/CPI19471 = 6.37 CPI1997/CPI1947= 7.37
1997 1947 7.37
1947 7.37 1997
130 7.37 = 958 < 2470 1997
0.23 7.37 = 1.70 > 1.22 1997
3

2009
2009
2009

2
100

4
100

1
200

2010
2010

2
100

6
100

2
200

A??
2-2/2100%=0%
6-4/4100%=50%
139

2-1/1100%=100%
B
2009 1002+1004+2001=800
2010 1002+1006+2002=1200
2009 2010
1200-800/800100%=50%
C 2009 2010

D 2010

4 OK CD

OK
CD
2009
2010

10

40

30

10

50
12
A 2009
OK CD
CD
20

60

2009 1 40+3 10= 40 + 30 = 70


2010 1 60+3 12= 60 + 36 = 96
2009
2009 70 / 70 100 = 100
2010 96 / 70 100 = 137.14
2010
137.14 - 100/ 100 100= 37.14
B GDP 2009
2009 GDP =10 40+30 10= 400 +300 = 700
2010 GDP =12 60+50 12= 720 + 600 = 1,320
2009 GDP=10 40+30 10= 400 + 300 = 700
2010 GDP=12 40+50 10= 480 + 500 = 980
2009 GDP =700/700 100 = 100
2010 GDP =1,320 / 980 100 = 134.69
2010 =134.69 - 100/ 100 100= 34.69
C 2010
CPI GDP

1994
51994
(BLS)
(BLS)
(BLS)
A CPI ??
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B??

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6 CPI
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AiPod
iPod
140

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CPI
CPI
C
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CPI CPI
1970 015
15 2000 075
75 1970
71970
23 2000
2000 14.32
323
?
A?
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B?
?
(14.32323)/3.23100%343%
C??
1970 0.15/(32360)28
2000 0.75/(143260)31
D??

8 CPI CPI

A??

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B
?
?

10
10
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20 70 20 60
C20
??
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141

GDP GDP
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2

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7 GDP ??
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8

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??

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142

?
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B??

5
?
A?

B GDP GNP ??
GDP
GNP D
6 20 90 21

A??

B??

8
143

9
A??

B??

10 1950 2000 28
10
28 13
13

2??

3??
(yCG)
(YTC) (TG)
+
S(YTC)+(TG)
4??
(
NX )YC ++GGDP

C GYCGJ(YCG)
S S (YCG)SI

144


5??

261
6??

(
)

262

145


1
A

13 20
30
B 20
2013
2030
2030

(Theodore Roosevelt)
2(Theodore
Roosevelt)
??

3 1998
?
?
1998

4
?
?

B 200 AT&T
200 AT&T

C 100
100
D 1 000
1 000

6 GDP 8 155 055 022

+
S05+0207

146

G150213

I07

C807136
7 Funlandia
Funlandia
Y=10000
C=6000
T=1500
G=1700

I=3300-100r
rr

Y-C -T= 10,000 - 6,000 - 1,500 = 2,500


T-G= 1500 - 1700 = -200
Y-C-G= 10,000 - 6,000 - 1,700 = 2,300
= 2300
r 2300
3300 - 100r = 2300
100r = 1000
r =10
8
A??

9 200
A??
200 200

D1 D2 i1 i2

263
B 200

147

( a)

( b)

(a)
(b)
264
D??
200

(a)
(b)
265
E
A B ??

A B
(
10(
10
1995 5 6 ))
1995

11
11
A??

B??
148

1 7 10 200 20 300
10 200 200/(1+7%)10=101.67
20 300 300/(1+7%)20=77.53
10 200 20 300
2
1

2
10 100
120
3 110
100120
1
2

1 10 100 120 10

4
(1)

6
1

1 400 24 7

7%24 400 24(1+7)400 =1.361013


2 1000 44 1500
A 11
11 10
1099 8
11% 1500 1500/(1+11)4 =988.1 1000
988 11% 1500
1000
10% 1500/(1.10) 4 = 1024.5 1000
9% 15 00/(1.09) 4 = 1062.6 1000
149

8% 15 00/(1.08) 4 = 1102.5 1000


B
1500 1000
1500/(1 r )4154 r 10.65 10.65 10.65
3 8%
8% 110 XYZ 1 22 3
XYZ
5 3 120 XYZ

5/1.08 + 5 /1.082 +5 +120/1.083 =4.63 + 4.29


+99.23=108.15 110 XYZ
4
A

5
80
80 20
20

C 2000 2000

2000 2000

2000 2000
D

6 10

9
A

150

10
10
A

11 VTSMX
11
VTSMX 5 10

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1??

+
100
100
2

3??

4??

?
5?

6??

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151

(2)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

2008 2 14599.3 738.1


12008
7943.6

A
=++=14599.3+738.1+7943.6=23281
B
=+=14599.3+738.1=15337.4
C
=()100%=(15337.423281)100%=65.88
D
= ()100%= (738.115337.4)100%=4.81%
www.bls.gov
2www.bls.gov
www.bls.gov

3 1970 200
200
3(()) 28
283
20000

%
%
1624
16
24 %
%
2554
25
54 %
%
55 %
%
1970
2000
1970
2000

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75

69
69

96
93

56
40

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%
43

24 %
%
1624
16
51

54 %
%
2554
25
50

%
55 %
25

60

63

77

26

152


55

2004 2007 680 110


42004
??
680
110 570 110
570

5
6
A

281

A??
153

28-2 28-2
W1U W2U U1 U2D U1 U2S
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B
?
?
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S1 S2
W1N W2N N1 N2
9
10(())
10
4
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4
4 28-3
B??
1
2 4
4 4
C??
?
?
1

2 28-3 4
4

154

28-3
D 3

28-4 L1
Wm W1 3 D2 S2
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28-4
E B C ??
28-5 B
C 4 w2 w1 w1-4

155

28-4

?
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7 4 7
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156

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TNB
4TNB
TNB 100 TNB 100
T TNB

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TNB

-100

-100
-100
(BSB)
5(BSB)
(BSB) 25
5 10%
10%
A BSB T

-100

(BSB)

0.25
2.5
2.25
B BSB 1 000 BSB
T

(BSB)

0.24

2.4
157

2.16
C BSB
BSB
09
D BSB B BSB
BSB BSB
BSB B5B O9

6 100 100
10%
10%??
1 000 1 000
7 1 000 10%
10%

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1 1 000
8 5%
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2000

2,000
2000
9 T

10
50
40
A 5%
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75
B
?
?
150
10 10%
10
10%
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100 10%
100 1 000
B 5%
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5%
??

11 1 000 10%
11
10%

?
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10 10 000
B 20%
20%??
20%
12
12 20%
12
20%
4000
A

B
158

20 1/0.20 = 5 4000 4000


/ 5 = 800
(Elmendyn)
13(Elmendyn)
13
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A??
2 000
B??
2 000
c??
2 000
D 10%
?
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10% 20 000
E 10%
10%??
10% 11 000

2??

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3
?
?
GDP
GDP
4??

5??

6??

(1)

(2)

(3)

159

(4)

(5)

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1 5 000 GDP 10 GDP 5


A??
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?
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2
?
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4
??

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6
160

2008 1 3
A 2009 2 6

100%
B 2009 2 4
?
?
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C 2009 2 155
??
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14
4
D??

7 40%
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5%
10%5%5%
60%10%5%1%
B 6%
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2%
6%2%4%
60%6%2%16%
C 4%
4% 1%
1%
4%1%3%
60%4%1%14%
8
?
?

9
?
?

10 3%
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?
?
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D

161


11
11

12
12
A



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(NX)
(NCO)
2
(Y)(C) (I)(G)(NX) Y
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SI+NX
(NX)(NCO)
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3 50 1 1 100
?
?
1 100
[( 100 )( 10 000 )] 500 000
2
4

162



1
1

1
51
1

1??
A

D 501

3
A

4
?
?

163


5
A

B

6??
=+

7
A
Following are the exchange rates for leading currencies
Against the dollar at 12:00 GMT on 31 May 2006
Janpanese Yen Per US $114.18
Canada Dollar per US $1.11

B
2006 5 31 1 111 1 11418
114.8/1.11=102.86 /
C??

8
A

9
A
(eP)P*e P P*

164

75 12
10 075
10
24
?
?
16
24 32
11 100 16 000 1 80
11

A
?
?
()
( 80 100 ) 16 000
12
800 1
16 000 800

()()

B??
1
1
12
12

15900
600

/
_____
_____/
_____//
_____

9015 //
180 //

52.9
6.90

/
_____
_____/
_____//
_____

24.5 //
1.91 //

3.88

_____//
_____

1.05 //
41 ))
A(( 341

15900/3.41 = 4663
600/3.41 = 176
52.9/3.41 = 15.5
6.9/3.41 = 2.02
3.88/3.41 = 1.14
B??
600/3.88=155 /
180/1.05=171
C??
155 /
171 /

1??

()
(S)(I)(NFI)
165

()

2??

3
???
?

4??

(S)()(NFl)(NFl) (NX)
S NFl NFl NX NX

166

(2004 12 16 ))
2
(2004

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S1 S2 32-1

32-2

167

32-2
3
A??

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168

323

4 20 80

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D1
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324

?(
C?(
?(
?)
?)

169

??

6
A??

325

B??

C?
?

??

170

326

8.

9.
9.
??

NFl=NX

171

327

(2002 )

10
10
A??

B??

328

11 10
11
A
?
?

B??

1998
121998
12

172

13
13
A??

B??

C
?
?

D
?
?

1
GDP
2

331
3

(1)

(2)

(3)

173

GDP

(1)

(2)

3
(W)(WF)

(3)

332

AD1 AD2
174

AS A B A B Yl Y2
P1 P2
7

AS1 AS2 A Y1
Y2 P1 P2()()

333

1
A
33-4 A

33-4
B

AD1 AD2 B

A B A B

175

2??
A

B 10
10

3
A A

33-5 A

33-5
B 5 B

AD2 AS1 B

C C
B C

AS2 AD2 C
D A B A
C

A B C A
E A B A
C
B A A C
F

4 1939

176

AD1 AD2 A B Yl Y2 P1 P2

336

5
A

GDP(y)(C)()+(G)+ (NX)
(1)
(2)
(3)

GDP
C

6
A

177

AD1 AD2 A B Y1
Y2 P1 P2
AS1 AS2 C
P3 Y1

337
9

A??

D
33-8

178

vvv 33-8
E

10
10

339

3310

179

3311

11
11
A

12
12

( 3312
)

3312
13
13
A

180

3313

B A (())

3314

Y1 P3
ADl AD2 Y1 Y2 P1 P2
ASl AS2
P3 Y1
C

14 A B
14

5%
5%
1B B

2 5% A
A
B

3 5% B B
A

1??
181

Ms1 Ms2
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Y1 Y2

341

3 30 30
30

30 30
30
30
30 30

182

?
?

(
)

5??

1
A
MS1 MS2 34-2

342

B
Md1Md2

34-3

343
C
MS1 MS2 34-4

344

D
183

Md1Md2 34-5

345
E
Md1Md2 34-6

346
2 5
A
34-7
34-8

34-7
34-8
B
34-8 AD1 AD2
C
184

3
A

347

B??

4 1

5
A

34 -8 B LRAS
Q* AS1 AD1 B
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185

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B

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34 -9
MS1 MS2 r1 r2

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D A

34-10
Q1 Q2 P1 P2

34-10

AD1 AD2AD2 AS1 E Q2 P2


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6 20 80
A

186

B
?
?

C(())
?
?

7 100 300
A(MPC)
(MPC)
(MPC)??
1(1MPC)
31(1MPC)
MPC23
(MPC) 23
B MPC ??
MPC
8 200 344
?
A?
200(34)150
B??
450 600
?
C 200 200 ?
200 800 200
600 200
200 200
200(34)150
D C

9 4000
4/5
4/5

A
0.8 1 /1-0.8= 5 400/ 5 =800

B
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10
10

11
11
A?
?
187


B??

12
12
A

C??

12
12
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??

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351


188

352
3??

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Pl P2 Y1 Y2

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353

5
189

354

A B
B C

1 6%
6%

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5% 3%
3%
B 3%
3% 5%
5%
C 5%
5% 5%
5%
D 3%
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3%

355

2
A

C
190

356

3
A A
B
AD1 AD2 A B Yl Y2
P1 P2

357

B
??

4
A
191

358

B A
??


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AS1 AS2 P1 P2 Y1
Y2

PC1 PC2

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359

5 10
10 5
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Milton James
192


6
5 4

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35-10 5,
54

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SRPC2
2

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7 1986 1998
A??

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3511
B??

193

9
??

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10
2008
102008

A
A B

35-12

3512
B
A C
AD1
C B
C
11
11

?
?

194

1
?
?

2??

4??

1% 5% 4% 0
20% 7 14
5 000 5 000

6??

7
195

8??

10??
10

11??
11

1
A??

361

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B
?
?

362

AD1 AD2 A
B Y1 Y2 P1 P2
196

AS1 AS2 C
P3 Y1
C??

2
?
?

3
A 3%
3%

3%

363

B 3%
3% 1%
1% 1%
1%

1% 1%

197

(B)
1% 1%
John Taylor
(r)
4John
Taylor(r)
(r)

r 2% 1 / 2 y y / y 1 / 2

yy GDP
GDPyy*

A??

B y
?
?

A??

C B
?
?



6
??

198

364

8 GDP 12%
12% GDP 5%
5%
20
??
GDP GDP
5% 5%
20

9
?
?
A

10
10

199

11
11

12
12
A?
?

B
?
?

C B A ??

200

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