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It is also known as Otto cycle or constant volume cycle engine. It requires four strokes of
the piston to complete one cycle of operations in the engine cylinder. The four strokes are as
follows:
1) Suction or charging stroke: In this stroke, the inlet valve opens and the fresh charge
(petrol and air mixture from carburetor) is sucked into the engine cylinder as the piston
moves from TDC to BDC. It continues till the piston reaches BDC. During this travel
of the piston the crankshaft revolves by half rotation. Because of the pressure difference
between the atmosphere and the inside of the engine cylinder, petrol-air mixture will be
drawn into the cylinder from the carburetor. At the end of this stroke, the cylinder will
be completely filled with petrol-air mixture and inlet valve is closed.
2) Compression Stroke: In this stroke, both inlet and outlet valves are closed and charge
is compressed as the piston moves from BDC to TDC. As a result of compression,
pressure and temperature of the charge increases considerably. This completes one
revolution of the crank shaft. Shortly before the piston reaches the TDC during this
stroke, the charge is ignited with the help of a spark plug.
3) Power Stroke (Working stroke or Expansion stroke): During this stroke, both the
valves are closed and because of the combustion of charge, the burnt gases expand. Due
to this expansion, the hot gases exert pressure on the piston and as a result, the piston is
The 4 stroke diesel engine is similar to that of a 4 stroke petrol engine except that a fuel
injector is fitted in place of a spark plug and air only enters into the engine cylinder during
suction stroke. Air alone is compressed during the compression stroke and at end of this stroke,
7. Explain the working of two stroke petrol engine ( 2 stroke SI engine, 2 stroke Constant
volume cycle engine or 2 stroke Otto cycle engine)
In a 2 stroke petrol engine, there are no valves instead the cylinder is provided with ports. The
ports acts as valves and are opened and closed by the moving piston. In 2 stroke engine, all
operations are completed in one revolution of the crankshaft or 2 strokes of the piston. In these
engines the two strokes of the piston are as under:
i) Downward Stroke (Inward Stroke) : At the beginning of this stroke, the piston is at
TDC. At this position, the charge (Air and Petrol Mixture) present in the previous
cycle, is compressed to high pressure and temperature. The compressed charge in the
cylinder is ignited by means of a spark plug. As combustion takes place, the burnt gases
expand and exert a large force on the piston. Due to this, the piston is pushed
Four Stroke
4
cycle
2. Number of revolutions
Two stroke
2
1
4. Thermal efficiency
5. Mechanical efficiency
6. Entry and Exhaust of
flywheel is needed
High
Low
Through Valves
flywheel is needed.
low
Highs
Through ports
Charge
7. Fuel consumption
8. Running noise
9. Power stroke
Less
less
One power for two
High
More
One power stroke for every
shaft
Heavy and bulky
Requires lesser cooling and
Lighter
Requires greater cooling
lubrication since
crankshaft
crank shaft
etc.
10. Weight
11. Cooling and lubrication
12. uses
engines, etc
9. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of two stroke engines over four stroke
engines