k=9*

R^2 is distance between two

charges
p = qd (dipole moment,
Forces are equal and opposite
charge times distance
Force is based on direction
separated)
(down and left is negative)
Torque = pEsin()
Force follows superposition
Torque Vector = p (cross
Equation is for point charge
prod) E
SWITCH IN CAPACITOR
UNITS (N/C)
U = -p (dot prod) E
When there is a switch to
Electric field follows
disconnect from voltage
superposition
source:
Electric field is based off
Q(int) = C*V
direction
r = distance to the electric field Sum of charges = Q(int)
(Infinite line of charge)

Uniform Charge Density = p = Q/Volume

Surface = sigma = Q/Area
Linear = lambda = Q/d (C/m)
WHEN CALCULATING E FIELD WHEN r >
radius of sphere, use radius of sphere
for volume and r for
* p * r^2
when r < radius of sphere us r for

(Infinite Sheet) Numerator =

Q/Area UNITS (N*m^2 / C)
Amount of electric field flow
through a surface
Flow pointing inwards =
E perpendicular to Area
negative
times Area
Flow pointing outwards =
E parallel to Area vector
positive
times Area
Zero flux when:
Angle is between E and A
No charge inside surface, zero
vector
net
If antiparallel use 180 -
charge inside
Bottom equation
workssurface, parallel to
only for symmetrical
surface, inward flux cancels
sphericaloutward
surfaceflux
Problem from HW

If more
than one
point
For an electron
moving in direction of
E field:
PE increases from
high to low potential
PE increases as KE
decreases
KE decreases in
direction of E field

Electric potential is the

negative derivative of
Electric field

W=
-qEd

q in formula above is test

charge
PE = U
Force = negative
derivative of U
Units (F)
inner = a & c = +2q
Can use superposition
b =
radius of outer
Outer = b & d = -2q
tot surface charge
on=
int0
conductor
r < a, E1
the
conductor
V
a = surface
radius ofofinner
a < r < b, E2 (wall
=0
of cavity) = b-q < r < c, E3 = (k2q) / r^2
conductor
Coulombs Law Electric
charge
onisext
k = tot
1 insurface
vacuum
Fields
direction
outward the
surface of the
conductor
center
(yellow ball)c=<qr < d, E4 = 0
E(int) = kq/r^2
r > d, E5 = 0
E(ext)
= solving
theTotal
same
as theon
field
When
series/parallel,
solve
the parallel first
charge
inner
surface
produced
byof
the
point
charge
and solve
the
whole
system
as
a
series.
small shell = 0
q located
theincenter
the
Also forat
two
series of
you
canouter
use Ceff = (C1*C2) /
Total
charge
on
the
sphere
(C1+C2) surface of small shell = 2q
WHEN
IS
BROUGHT
More q2
than
two:
(C1*C2*C3)
/ (C1*C2
+ C1*C3 +
Total
charge
on inner
surface
OUTSIDE
C2*C3) CONDUCTOR:
of large shell = -2q
q(int)
would
not
change
Series
have
same
charge
Total
charge
on outer surface
q(ext)
would
not
change
Parallel
have
same
voltage
of small shell
=0

E(x) = -Ay + 2Bx

E(y) = -Ax C
E(z) = 0
HALF FILLED
When E = 0:
CAPACITOR
E(x) = (-C/A) , E(y) = (Use parallel-plate
2BC)/(A^2)
capacitance but add (k+1)
E(z) = C/A
and divide by 2