LTE-Advanced Evolution

for 5G Services
Nokia Networks Webinar
Harri Holma, Fellow, Nokia Networks Research

23 September 2015

LTE-Advanced Evolution boosts performance to extremes

10x Performance for new services
LTE
= Releases 8-9
LTE-Advanced
= Releases 10-12
LTE-Advanced evolution1 = Release 13 and beyond
LTE Release 8

LTE Advanced evolution

10x data rate

150 Mbps
10 ms latency

10x lower latency

10x enhanced coverage
100x more capacity

1New

name from 3GPP in October

New service
capabilities

Agenda

1 2 3 4 5 6
Extreme
throughput

Extreme
capacity

Extreme
efficiency

Extreme low
latency

Extreme
scalability

Evolution
to 5G

LTE-Advanced Evolution builds the bridge from 4G to 5G

Enabler for initial 5G with backward compatibility
5G research

5G radio
Sub and above 6 GHz

>10 Gbps
<1 ms

Smooth 4G evolution
Sub 6 GHz

Rel.8...
150 Mbps

10 ms
4

Rel.10...
1 Gbps
10 ms

People & Things

Tight interworking

Rel.13...
3 Gbps
<2 ms

Backward
compatibility

Programmable
World

Carrier Aggregation
Evolution to Multi-Gbps
Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

32x faster through evolution of carrier aggregation

From 20 MHz to 640 MHz aggregated spectrum to serve a user
LTE
3GPP Releases
8-9

LTE-Advanced

20

MHz

Bandwidth/user

x32

5 x 20 MHz

3GPP Releases
10-12

LTEAdvanced+
3GPP Release
136

32 x 20 MHz

Expansion of Usable Spectrum

From 700 MHz-3 GHz to 450 MHz-6 GHz globally agreed spectrum range
LTE
3GPP Releases
8-9

Licensed
paired and unpaired
700

3GPP Releases
10-12
450

capacity

3.8

Licensed
paired and unpaired

LTEAdvanced+

2.6

Licensed
paired and unpaired

LTE-Advanced

3GPP Release
13-

coverage

The worlds first

LTE network

450

Unlicensed
unpaired
3.8

capacity

5.1

5.9

Three-Band Carrier Aggregation (Cat 9) hitting commercial networks

Three carrier FDD aggregation

20 + 20 + 10 MHz
LTE800 + LTE1800 + LTE2600
Peak rate 375 Mbps

Three carrier FDD + TDD

20 (FD) + 20 (TD) + 20 (TD) MHz
LTE2100 + LTE2600 + LTE2600
Peak rate 365 Mbps

Three-Band Aggregation 20+20+10 MHz in live network shows >370 Mbps

Peak throughput >370 Mbps

Band 7 20 MHz
Band 3 20 MHz
Band 20 10 MHz

150-200 simultaneously connected live users

LTE-Advanced data rate evolution to multi-Gbps

More bandwidth higher data rates

2020
2017
2015
2010
100 Mbps

20 MHz

10

300 Mbps
40 MHz

1 Gbps
100 MHz

>3 Gbps
>300 MHz

Use more spectrum to

boost LTE peak rate to
multiple Gbps
300 MHz and 2x2
MIMO gives 3 Gbps

Agenda

1 2 3 4 5 6
Extreme
throughput

Extreme
capacity

Extreme
efficiency

Extreme low
latency

Extreme
scalability

Evolution
to 5G

Using the 5 GHz band

Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

Substantial amount of spectrum at 5 GHz

Plenty of spectrum in 5 GHz band. Especially suited to small cell deployments

US
5150
Europe
Japan 5150

5350

5470

5725

MHz
5350

5470

13

5350

= 580 MHz

= 455 MHz

5725

China
5150

MHz
5850

5725

MHz
5850

= 325 MHz

Utilization of 5 GHz Band with LTE-Advanced Evolution

License Assisted Access (LAA) and LTE Wi-Fi Aggregation (LWA)
5 GHz

LTE
licensed

LWA

LAA

Carrier
Wi-Fi

LTE
unlicensed

Licensed band LTE

provides reliable connection

LAA uses LTE on 5 GHz

band for higher data rates
LWA uses Wi-Fi on 5 GHz
band for higher data rates
More efficient offloading to
unlicensed band

Reliable
connection
14

Higher data rates

and more capacity

License Assisted Access

(LAA/LTE-U)

Release 13: downlink on 5 GHz band

Release 14: also uplink on 5 GHz band

Listen-before-talk channel access

Dynamic frequency selection
Licensed spectrum
700 3500 MHz

Uplink

15

Downlink

Unlicensed spectrum
5 GHz

Downlink

LTE WiFi Aggregation (LWA)

LTE eNodeB splits the data between LTE and Wi-Fi

transmissions. The device can receive data simultaneously
via LTE and Wi-Fi with dual connectivity functionality

LTE
eNodeB

16

Wi-Fi access
point

Performance of LAA and Wi-Fi

LAA is also suitable for public areas and outdoor
LAA provides double spectral
efficiency vs Wi-Fi

LAA provides double cell range vs

Wi-Fi

Capacity with single technology

Outdoor micro cell range

Relative capacity

1.2
Wi-Fi (5 GHz)

1.0

Min
Max

0.8
LTE

0.6

Wi-Fi

0.4

0.2
0

0.0
Single Network
17

LTE (5 GHz)

Two Networks

50

100

Meters

150

200

Agenda

1 2 3 4 5 6
Extreme
throughput

Extreme
capacity

Extreme
efficiency

Extreme low
latency

Extreme
scalability

Evolution
to 5G

Enhanced Spectral
Efficiency

Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

3D MIMO (Full Dimension MIMO) Schemes in Releases 13-14

3GPP evolution for multiantenna

feedback (codebook)

(8)

8x2, 16x2 and 64x2 transceiver

configurations are each associated with
four columns of cross-polarized antenna
elements of approximately the same
physical dimensions

(2)

(1 )
Column-1
16 TXRUs

20

Release 8 MIMO 4x2

Release 10 MIMO 8x2
Release 13 MIMO 16x2
Release 14 MIMO 64x2

Column-2
16 TXRUs

Column-3
16 TXRUs

Column-4
16 TXRUs

Higher Spectral Efficiency with 3D MIMO (Full Dimension MIMO)

Average
Efficiency
Evolution
AverageSpectral
Spectral
Efficiency
Evolution
350 %
299 %

300 %

64x2 gives 3.0x gain over 2x2

252 %

250 %

64x2 gives +50% gain over 8x2

194 %

200 %

These simulations use codebook

feedback which applies both for
FDD and TDD

150 %
100 %

16x2 gives 2.5x gain over 2x2

100 %

50 %

Same total power in all cases

0%
2x2

21

8x2

16x2

64x2

Agenda

1 2 3 4 5 6
Extreme
throughput

Extreme
capacity

Extreme
efficiency

Extreme low
latency

Extreme
scalability

Evolution
to 5G

Millisecond
latency

Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

LTE-Advanced Evolution minimizes latency

Below 1 ms One-way delay and below 2 ms Round Trip Time
Transmission Time Interval (TTI) size

Round trip time1

1 ms
14 symbol TTI
7 symbol TTI
2 symbol TTI

10-20 ms
5-10 ms
<2 ms

3GPP
Release 8
LTE-Advanced
Evolution

0.14 ms
Shorter frame size minimizes latency and enables <2 ms round trip time
24

1Round

trip time is two-way delay of a small IP packet through radio and core
network, and back

Round Trip Time Evolution

Enhanced end user performance with lower latency

Round trip time evolution

Radio latency is lower with

LTE-Advanced+ and 5G

25

20

Important to optimize endto-end latency

15
ms
10
5
0
HSPA
25

LTE

LTE-A+

5G

Mobile Edge Computing

(MEC) reduces latency by
bringing content to the
radio network. MEC is
being standardized in ETSI

Agenda

1 2 3 4 5 6
Extreme
throughput

Extreme
capacity

Extreme
efficiency

Extreme low
latency

Extreme
scalability

Evolution
to 5G

Internet of Things (IoT)

optimization using
Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
communications

Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

Terminology check

IoT = Internet of Things

Real, digital and virtual objects converging to create

smart environments that make energy, transport,
cities and many other areas more intelligent

M2M = Machine-toMachine

Connectivity solution supporting IoT to exchange

information including device-to-device and deviceto-infrastructure communication

D2D = Device-toDevice

Direct communication between two devices.

Relevant e.g. for automotive, public safety and
proximity applications

28

<Change information classification in footer>

Targets of IoT optimization

29

Enhanced coverage

Path loss >164 dB

Lower power consumption

Battery life >10 years with 2 AA batteries

Lower cost device

Modem cost <5 USD

High capacity core network

Signaling and network entity optimization

LTE M2M optimization for low device cost

Release 12 introduced low complexity
UE category (Cat-0) with lower data
rate, half duplex and single antenna

Downlink peak rate

Uplink peak rate
Number of antennas
Duplex mode
UE receive bandwidth
UE transmit power
Multiplexed within LTE
Modem complexity
30

Release 13 will further reduce

complexity with narrowband RF and
lower data rate

Release 8

Release 8

Release 12

Release 13

Release 13

Category 4

Category 1

Category 0

Cat-M

200 kHz NB-IoT

150 Mbps
50 Mbps
2
Full duplex
20 MHz
23 dBm
Yes
100%

10 Mbps
5 Mbps
2
Full duplex
20 MHz
23 dBm
Yes
80%

1 Mbps
1 Mbps
1
Half duplex
20 MHz
23 dBm
Yes
40%

1 Mbps
1 Mbps
1
Half duplex
1.4 MHz
20 dBm
Yes
20%

200 kbps
100 kbps
1
Half duplex
0.2 MHz
23 dBm
Yes/No
15%

Nokia Working for IoT Optimized NB-LTE Radio

NB-LTE is the most optimized radio for IoT applications.
NB-LTE will be standardized in 3GPP.

31

Vehicular Communications and

Public Safety Using Device-toDevice (D2D) Communication
Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

LTE Vehicular Communications

LTE technology components for vehicular use
Device-to-Device (D2D) for V2V communication
Local content and local routing with LiquidApps
LTE extensive coverage and low latency
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)

33

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)

LTE Public Safety

Public safety application can run on top of LTE networks.
LTE can bring excellent data capability, good coverage and efficient operations
compared to separate public safety networks.
Release 12
Proximity services
Group communication

Release 13
Enhanced proximity services
Mission critical push-to-talk
Isolated E-UTRAN operation
34

Agenda

1 2 3 4 5 6
Extreme
throughput

Extreme
capacity

Extreme
efficiency

Extreme low
latency

Extreme
scalability

Evolution
to 5G

Evolution to 5G

Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

LTE-Advanced Evolution takes advantage of LTE Connectivity

Dual connectivity

Control plane in LTE

LTE

LTE
5G

5G

Simultaneous connection to LTE

and 5G radio
37

Control
plane

5G
User plane

LTE for control plane and 5G phase

1 for high data rate user plane

LTE-Advanced Evolution to 5G

Great 5G comes with great LTE!

LTE-Advanced
evolution

5G Phase 1

Backwards compatible
with current LTE

Yes

No

Control plane

LTE

LTE

Spectrum

450 MHz 6 GHz

3 6 GHz

38
Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

What next?

Ask your local Nokia representative

about ways to improve your networks
performance.
Or feel free to send your request to:
networks.nokia_webinars@nokia.com

Join #NetworksPerform webinar series

#NetworksPerform webinars
& customer case clinic
www.networks.nokia.com/performance

On demand:
Webinar: Nokia Networks extends Telco
cloud to radio and end-to-end security
Webinar: Big data and predictive
analytics: Are you ready to get personal?
Webinar: Security and privacy for the
Internet of Things (IoT)
40

22/09/2015

Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

Nokia Networks events

www.networks.nokia.com/newsevents/events/event-calendar