Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Salaverry
Basin
A Study on the
Hydrocarbon Potential of
the Salaverry Basin
by
PARSEP
Proyecto de Asistencia para La Reglamentacin del Sector
Energtico del Per
TEKNICA
PERUPETRO S.A.
May 2001
On the Cover:
Outcrop near Malabrigo just to the
east of the Salaverry Basin,
showing the contact of Cretaceous
Goyllar Gp., overlying the
deformed
Lower
Jurassic
metamorphic rocks of the Colan
Group.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... 2
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. 4
ENCLOSURES .................................................................................................................. 4
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 5
1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 6
2.0 SCOPE OF PROJECT .............................................................................................. 7
3.0 PREVIOUS WORK IN THE STUDY AREA ......................................................... 8
4.0 REGIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 9
4.1 Tectonic Reconstruction and Basin Framework .................................................... 13
4.2 The Basement of Salaverry and Trujillo Basins .................................................... 14
4.3 Basement of Northwest Peru ................................................................................. 14
4.4 The Problem of Two Different Basements ............................................................ 15
4.5 Evidence for the Suture.......................................................................................... 16
4.6 Well Lobos 1X: Correlation of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Rocks........ 16
4.7 Geological Overview of the Salaverry Basin......................................................... 17
5.0 STRATIGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 24
5.1 Economic Basement............................................................................................... 24
5.2 Middle Eocene ....................................................................................................... 24
5.3 Upper Eocene......................................................................................................... 24
5.4 Oligocene ............................................................................................................... 25
5.5 Lower Miocene ...................................................................................................... 25
5.6 Middle Miocene ..................................................................................................... 25
5.7 Upper Miocene to Pliocene.................................................................................... 25
5.8 Plio Quaternary ................................................................................................... 26
6.0 WELL SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 27
6.1 BALLENA 1X ....................................................................................................... 27
6.1.1 Lithological/Reservoir Discussion.................................................................. 29
6.1.2 Hydrocarbons Shows ....................................................................................... 29
6.2 DELFIN 1X ........................................................................................................... 29
6.2.1 Lithological/Reservoir Description................................................................. 29
2
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Basin Map of Northern Peru Highlighting the location of the Salaverry Basin. 6
Figure 2: Regional map of the Salaverry/Trujillo area with bathymetry, geology and
available seismic lines. For the legend of this map refer to Enclosure 1 and
Appendix 1................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 3: Stratigraphic column of the Salaverry in comparison with the other offshore
basins of northern Peru ............................................................................................. 11
Figure 4: Regional time-structure map on basement of study area showing major tectonic
elements. This map was generated utilizing the Ribiana/Digicon 1993 seismic
survey........................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 5: Dip line 93-30 across the Sechura/Salaverry Basin....................................... 18
Figure 6: Dip line L93-38 across the Salaverry Basin..................................................... 18
Figure 7: Dip line L93-43 across the Salaverry Basin..................................................... 19
Figure 8: Dip line L93-49 across the Salaverry Basin..................................................... 19
Figure 9: Dip line L93-45 across the Trujillo and Salaverry Basin................................. 21
Figure 10: Strike line L93-68 across the structural high separating the Sechura and
Salaverry Basins........................................................................................................ 21
Figure 11: N-S seismic line through the Lobos well in the Trujillo Basin. Note the
difference in character of the Cretaceous section in this with figure with that of the
Salaverry pre-Tertiary sequences in Figures 5-10 .................................................... 22
Figure 12: Seismic Line 96-105 through Ballena 1X Well ............................................. 27
Figure 13: Seismic line C-2030, through the Delfin 1X well .......................................... 30
Figure 14: (left) A Lower Eocene sandstone reservoir that intersected in the Delfin 1X
well............................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 15: (right) Mud log of the 3600 to 4500 section where gas shows were
encountered. .............................................................................................................. 30
Figure 16: Location of analyzed oil seeps ....................................................................... 33
Figure 17: Time structure map on Basement (left).......................................................... 41
Figure 18: Time structure map on Inter Upper Miocene Channel Top (right) ................ 41
LIST OF TABLES
ENCLOSURES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
CD with:
a. Report HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE SALAVERRY
OFFSHORE BASIN
b. Enclosures 1-11 (.cgm and .emf formats)
c. Appendices 1-2
d. Ballena 1X and Delfin 1X Well LAS Files
Exabyte Tape (8mm) with Seismic SEGY Data
APPENDICES
1.
2.
HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF
THE SALAVERRY OFFSHORE BASIN
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This project was initiated by PERUPETRO and completed by the PARSEP Group to
investigate the hydrocarbon potential of the Salaverry Basin, which is one of several
offshore basins located in northwest Peru (Fig.1). PARSEP is a joint venture between the
governments of Peru and Canada and stands for Proyecto de Asistencia para La
Reglamentacin del Sector Energtico del Per. The parties comprising PARSEP are:
the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Canadian Petroleum Institute
(CPI), Teknica Overseas Ltd. (TOL), and PERUPETRO. The technical work on this
project is being done by personal from TOL and PERUPETRO.
Data utilized in the project was supplied by PERUPETRO and consisted of 3800 km. of
seismic data in SEGY format in the Salaverry Basin. The data set used was from the
Digicon/Ribiana speculative program acquired in 1993. This was a 10,000 km plus
survey extending from Ecuador to south of the Lima basin. The survey data outside of
the study area was reviewed and utilized in the interpretation of the regional geology.
Figure 1: Basin Map of Northern Peru Highlighting the location of the Salaverry Basin
Data from the Trujillo Basin, which is available in a separate report generated by
PARSEP and completed in April 2001, was also utilized to formulate the conclusions
reached in this study.
Initially, the project was to include a comprehensive evaluation of both the Salaverry and
Trujillo basins. A delay, however, in obtaining the necessary seismic data in SEGY
format over the Salaverry basin unfortunately resulted in the two being done in separate
reports.
The report begins with an overview section on regional geology. This was compiled
primarily through the interpretation of the regional Petroperu/Ribiana/Digicon 1993
offshore seismic speculative survey. Additionally, all available published data and
Perupetro archived data, and a PARSEP sponsored field trip that covered the coastal
areas from Paita to Trujillo, (Appendix 2) were also utilized to formulate ideas on a
regional basis. Of great assistance to the group in the completion of our regional
interpretation were the insightful contributions made by Dr. Tony Tankard (structural
specialist) who also helped by reviewing and critiquing on, our work.
The remainder of the report focuses on the Salaverry basin. Many of the geological
concepts presented in this report are derived from the extensive study done previously by
the PARSEP Group on the Trujillo Basin (PARSEP, 2001). The reader is referred to this
report for a more comprehensive review on the general area. In the seismic interpretation
of the Salaverry basin, five two-way time structure maps on; a) Upper Miocene Channel
(Enclosure 3); b) Intra Upper Miocene Channel (Fig. 18, Enclosure 4); c) Middle
Miocene Marker (Enclosure 5), d) Top Eocene (Enclosure 6); and e) Basement (Fig. 17,
Enclosure 7); and one isochron map on the Top Eocene to Basement interval (Enclosure
8), were constructed.
One of the secondary objectives of this report was to compile a summary and synthesis of
all data and technical reports relevant to the Salaverry Basin. The purpose of this is to
allow a third party evaluation team to make a meaningful interpretation of the same area
without having to go through and review all existing reports and literature. To further
facilitate this process, a corrected and edited digital data set is included with this report
consisting of well curve LAS (Enclosure 12) and seismic SEGY (Enclosure 13) files,
which represents all the digital data that was used by the group for the study.
One of the ultimate goals of this project was to make recommendations to Perupetro
concerning block size, configuration and location for tendering purposes. As was
suggested by Perupetro, these recommendations were presented in a separate memo.
.
3.0 PREVIOUS WORK IN THE STUDY AREA
The following is a chronological listing and summary of all the significant exploration
and research activities in the Salaverry Basin and surrounding area:
1971 - The earliest data of the offshore forearc, south of the Talara Basin is related to the
drilling of two exploratory wells, Ballena 1X and Delfin 1X by Occidental del Peru in the
Trujillo Basin. Both wells were drilled to basement and had total depths of 3198 and
8743 feet respectively (Fig.2).
1972 - The Nazca Plate Project was initiated, which collected dredge samples, and
gravity, magnetic and seismic data in the offshore.
1973 - Petroperu sponsored a Seiscom-Delta seismic survey, which included gravity and
magnetic data. A total of 9700 km of 2D seismic data covering the Trujillo and Salaverry
Basin was acquired (Fig. 2).
1982 - Petroperu sponsored a Compagnie Gnrale de Geophysique (CGG) seismic,
gravity, and magnetic survey. A total of 3250 km of 2D seismic data was acquired over
the Salaverry and Trujillo Basins (Fig.2).
1986 - Leg 112 of the Ocean Drilling Project acquired additional seismic reflection
profiles, reprocessed seismic acquired during the Nazca Plate Project and drilled and
cored 10 sites within the Peru forearc.
1993 - A speculative 2D seismic and gravity survey sponsored by Petroperu and Ribiana
Inc. from Houston was conducted by Digicon Geophysical Corp. and LCT. The project
area extended from south of the Pisco Basin to the northern offshore boundary with
Ecuador. Of the 10,000 km of total data acquired during the project, 3800 km of this data
is within the Salaverry Basin.
1996-2000 - Repsol Exploracion Peru was the operator of the license block Z-29 in the
Trujillo Basin. In 1996 Repsol contracted Digicon Geophysical Corp to acquire 4020 km
of 2D seismic data and Austin Exploration Inc to collect 4017 km of gravity and 4001 km
of magnetic data. In 1998 Western Geophysical acquired the second seismic survey for
Repsol, which consisted of 945 km of 2D data (Fig.2). In 1999, Repsol drilled two
exploratory wells, Morsa 1X and Lobos 1X (Fig.2). Morsa 1X encountered numerous oil
shows but no reservoir and was drilled to a total depth of 1281 meters in metamorphic
basement. Lobos 1X was drilled to 2469 meters and abandoned after reaching rocks of
Campanian age. Important geological, geochemical and well log data were acquired from
these two wells that has been used to further progress the understanding of the
Salaverry/Trujillo area.
The north Peruvian forearc area contains the Tumbes, Talara, Sechura, Trujillo and
Salaverry basins. The southern part of the forearc has the Lima, East Pisco, West Pisco
and Arequipa basins. In this report, we will focus on the northern forearc basins (Fig. 1).
The following discussion reviews the stratigraphy and structure of these basins.
The oldest Cenozoic sediments in this northern forearc area are of inferred Paleocene age;
Taipe (Thesis in progress) and Jacay (pers. comm., 2000) discuss the results of the Paita
section (Appendix 2). The Lobos 1X well, drilled by Repsol in the offshore Trujillo Basin
in 1999, encountered 208 m of Paleocene rocks. Previous work has suggested that the
oldest Tertiary rocks of the forearc basins, south of Talara, are probably of Early to
Middle Eocene age.
The northernmost Tumbes basin is a Neogene pull-apart depression controlled by a SWtrending regional strike-slip fault system that continues into Ecuador. Southward, this
thick upper Oligocene to Pliocene section rests with angular unconformity on the shallow
marine Paleogene sediments of Talara basin (Fig. 3).
The highly oil-prone Talara Basin contains sediments of the Cretaceous Albian to Late
Eocene age (Fig. 3); this thick section unconformably overlies a basement consisting of
metamorphosed and deformed upper Paleozoic rocks. A Tertiary cover succeeds the
Cretaceous section in the rift basins; however, over structural horsts the pre-Tertiary has
largely been eroded so that Tertiary rocks locally overlie basement. The Talara Basin fill
has the thickest accumulation of Eocene sediments of the Peruvian forearc system, but
lacks Miocene and Pliocene deposits. This lower Neogene section was probably removed
by erosion as a result of structural inversion and uplift attributed to Middle-Late Miocene
compression (Azalgara, 1993). During the Late Miocene and Pliocene, the entire area
remained emergent.
The Sechura basin contains an interpreted Paleocene to Miocene section (Fig. 3). This
Cenozoic cover rests unconformably on thick succession of coarse-grained Maastrichtian
sediments that outcrop at Paita Peninsula. Fifteen kilometers eastward, massive limestone
banks of late Campanian age are exposed at Cerro La Mesa. Time equivalent marine units
outcrop in the northern part of the onshore Lancones basin. Paleozoic metamorphic rocks
of the Amotape, Paita and Illescas blocks form the underlying basement of both basins.
The Salaverry and Trujillo basins are filled with Tertiary sediments (Fig. 3) above a
metamorphic, volcano-sedimentary Mesozoic basement belonging to the Andean domain
(Chicama and Goyllarisquizga groups respectively). This Mesozoic succession is older
and compositionally different to those documented at Paita and Lancones, indicating a
different provenance. These rocks are exposed at the Malabrigo and Puemape locations,
along the coast north of Trujillo city (Fig. 2) and in the Ro Chicama valley, northeast of
the same locality.
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98-L N9- -L
03
S2 9-98
609
S2
21
N-L
98
100
9S2
25
N-L
98
041
09
9W 0966- S2
25
16
02
5
C04
0A
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01
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9S2
5
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63
09
1
13
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6- D -1
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02
4
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50
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07
93
C-LSS3
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09 S-05
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S2
W
75
16
C3A
05
61
09
06
1
605
6
93-3
TrsJi
Kis
Ki
6-
SD
Kis
Kis
Nm-v
P-da
Kis
Kis
Ki
09
09
S2
998
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6
1
N85
02
08
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6DL
09
89-9
S2
05
3
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9 9A
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02
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0909
S2 9-98 C6-03
S2
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03
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09
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3
23
9S2 5 -LN93-3
03 98
S290969 27
03 N6- -L
099-98
15 W
S2
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Ki
Pom
Kis
Kis
Kis
Ki
Ji-vs
Ki
00
D-16
A
75
-L
80
14
13
D-
98
9-
Lobos 1X
Ki
Dc-gr
Dc-gr
Kis
P-an
Kis
CsP
Kis
Kis
Kp-mzg
Kis
01
Ci
Ci
Kis
Puerto Eten
9
00
01
20
93
-2
9
6-
609
00
55
3500
4000
0
-3
93
09
TrsJi
TrsJi
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Dc-gr
P-da
TrsJi
Kis
65
Kis
002B
609
S2
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14
250 0
004
096-
9A
PeA
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Nm-v
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S29-98-LN-04
6
93
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9
S2
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00
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00
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98
9-
6-
Nm-v
Nm-v
Ki
Kis
S2
0
50
09
Kis
Ki
Ki
Ki
Ji-vs
Ji-vs
Ki
09
1500
20
00
30
00
CsP
Kp-to
TrsJi
TrsJi
Kp-mzg
25
14
TrsJi
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TrsJi
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Kis
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Kis
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P-an
Jski
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Ki
0
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609
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Ji-vs
TrsJi
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Kis
TrsJi
D-
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TrsJi
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Kp-to
KiKis
Isla Lobos
de Afuera
PmTr-gr
Ki
Ki
Kp-to
Chiclayo
15
14
-6.5
Kis
Ci
P-da
Kp-to
Kp-to
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Ji-vs
JsKi-vs
D-
Kis
Ki
Ki
Jski
Ki
Ki
1000
Ci
Ki
Jski
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Kp-to
00
Kp-to
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Ji-vs
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P-da
TrsJi
50
13
D-
350 0
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Ki
TrsJi
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2500
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Ps-c
Ki
Ps-c
Nm-v
00
15
93
D-
93
-6
9
0
20
0
200
1500
500
1000
50
D-15
300
3
93-2
-6.5
TrsJi
TrsJi
Ji-vs
Kp-to
Jski
Ji-vs
O
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
80
D-
22
15
93
-4
D-
22
25
C-
22
Ki-c
Js
Ki-c
Js
Ki-c
W
25
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W
35
22
C-
10
22
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Js
P-mzgr-sy
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00
Kis-vs
24
D-
85
22
D-
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
22
C-
Kis-vs Kis-vs
20
Kis-vs
93
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Kis-vs
Kis-vs
24
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65
22
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15
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Kis-vs
00
93
15
00
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24
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35
24
50
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P-mzgr-Pu
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93
30
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4
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00
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93
25
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75
24
13
D-
D-
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
60
24
C-
6
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Np
Kis-vs
Np
Np
P-gr/mzgr-Pu
Np
Kis-vs
24
Np
P-gr/mzgr-Pu
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
10
93
C-
-10.
Kis-vs
200
60
A
00
19
C-
00
25
22
00
20
C-
P-mzgr-Sg
20
00
26
D-
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7
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93
P-gd
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00
Kis-vs
15
25
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93
P-mzgr-Sg
P-mzgr-Sg
P-mzgr-Pu
75
D-15
00
35
75
D-24
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
P-mzgr-Pu
P-mzgr-Pu
-5
93
P-gr
P-mzgr-Pu
10.5
P-mzgr-Pu
P-gd
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
-10.
00
D-13
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
0
93 -6
P-mzgr-Pa
P-gdi
51
17
C-
90
26
D-
Kis-vs
20
Kis-vs
C-
24
Kis-vs
50
10
00
93
-6
1
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
26
25
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
0
50
0
0
15
D-
Kis-vs Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
D-
Kis-vs
13
00
20
50
2
-6
93
30
80
D-2
00
00
25
-6
93
Kis-vs
P-ad-Sy
0
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vsKis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs Kis-vs
P-mzgr-Pu
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
11.0
D-6
93
28
-11.
00
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
P-mzgr-Sg
-6
00
15
D-
93
100
P-mzgr-Sg
P-mzgr-Sg
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
28
D-
Kis-vs
50
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
00
35
00
40
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
D-
28
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
50
Kis-vs
11.5
-11.
Kis-vs
D-
30
00
Kis-vs
Kis-vsKis-vs
Kis-vs
Kis-vs
00
10
1500
20
0
0
2 00
00
D-13
-82.0
-81.5
-81.0
-80.5
-80.0
-79.5
-79.0
-78.5
-78.0
-77.5
Figure 2: Regional map of the Salaverry/Trujillo area with bathymetry, geology and available
seismic lines. For the legend of this map refer to Enclosure 1 and Appendix 1.
10
TALARA
STAGES
LANCONES
WEST
SECHURA
S
LANCONES
EAST
CELICA
ECUADOR
LAGUNITOS
(SOUTH TALARA BASIN)
PLIOCENE
TRUJILLO
BASIN
SALAVERRY
BASIN
PLIOCENE
PLIOCENE
UPPER MIOCENE
MIOCENE
UPPER
UPPER MIOCENE
MIDDLE
MIDDLE MIOCENE
ZAPOTAL
MONTERA
LOMA BLANCA
LOWER
HEATH
LOWER MIOCENE
MIDDLE MIOCENE
LOWER MIOCENE
CATAMAYO
MANCORA
OLIGOCENE
PALEOGENE
UPPER
EOCENE
MIDDLE
EOCENE
LOWER
EOCENE
MIRADOR
CHIRA
VERDUN
UPPER
CRETACEOUS
TALARA SHALE
ECHINO
PARIAS
CHACRA
PARIAS
PALEGREDA
PALEGREDA
MIDDLE
EOCENE
LOWER
EOCENE
SACAPALCA
BALCONES
LLAMAS VOLC
BALCONES
CENIZO
TORTUGA
CASANGA
LA MESA
REDONDO
TABLONES
TABLONES
ANCHA - PETACAS
REDONDO
EL NARANJO
PALEOCENE
MAESTRICH
CAMPANIAN
SANTONIAN
TURONIAN
COPA
SOMBRERO
COPA
SOMBRERO
MUERTO
PANANGA
MUERTO
PANANGA
GIGANTAL
CASMA GR.
LAS LOMAS
ALAMOR
GR.
VOLC.
ARC
CELICA
TURONIAN
CENOMAN
CENOMAN
LOWER
MIDDLE
EOCENE
SALINA
SANTONIAN
ALBIAN
UPPER
EOCENE
VERDUN
OSTREAS
REDONDO
CAMPANIAN
UPPER
EOCENE
CHIRA
CHIRA
VERDUN
TALARA SS
TALARA SHALE
MOGOLLON
SALINA
S.CRISTOBAL
B. SALINA
BALCONES
PALEOCENE
MESA
MAESTRICH
CHIRA
VERDUN
MUERTO
PANANGA?
MUERTO
PANANGA
GIGANTAL
CELICA
ALBIAN
APTIAN
GOYLLAR GR
GOYLLAR GR ?
NEOCOM
JURASSIC
TRIASSIC
MIDDLE
EARLY
COLAN
COLAN ?
LATE
PALEOZOIC
PRE
CAMBRIAN
AMOTAPE GR.
AMOTAPE GR.
PAITA ILLESCAS
COMPLEX
AMOTAPE GR.
AMOTAPE GR.
AMOTAPE GR.
AMOTAPE GR.
AMOTAPE GR.
MARAON
COMPLEX
Figure 3: Stratigraphic column of the Salaverry in comparison with the other offshore basins of northern Peru
11
Sechura Basin
Salaverry
Basin
Figure
igure 4: Regional time-structure map on basement of study area showing major tectonic elements.
This map was generated utilizing the Ribiana/Digicon 1993 seismic survey.
12
15
In the offshore well La Casita Z2-75-55-X1, Sechura basin (1974), the basement
found is described as follows: 10900 10920 white quartzite; 10920 11010
(TD), plutonic igneous basement. Campanian to Lower Maastrichtian rocks lie
directly over this basement.
In the onshore well Pabur X-1 Sechura basin (1955), the basement is described as
green fractured quartzites from 1980 2030 (TD). Middle-Upper Miocene age
Montera Fm lies in unconformity on this basement.
In the onshore well Inca 5-1 South Sechura North Salaverry basin (1954), the
basement is topped at 5090 (-5075); no lithological description has been found.
Upper Eocene coarse sands from Chira-Verdun Group rest directly on this
basement.
In the onshore well PG-11 Sechura basin (1956), the basement is topped at 6950
(-6914), is reported as Paleozoic but no lithological description was found. Upper
Eocene thick coarse sands from Chira-Verdun Group lie in unconformity over this
basement.
In the onshore well Viru 69-X-1, Sechura basin, the basement was reached at
7190 (-7122), was reported as Paleozoic, two cores were taken
4.6 Well Lobos 1X: Correlation of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Rocks
The Paleocene succession in Lobos 1X (PARSEP, 2001) is the interval with the coarsest
sediments, and is attributed to deposition in a deep-water environment. It comprises a
succession of claystones, sandstones and conglomerates in an upward coarsening and
upward thickening sequence. These relationships of grain size variations, sub-angular
grains, immature lithologies, and the vertical distribution of the sedimentary units most
probably indicate progradation in an active deep-water tectonic setting. These
characteristics are typical of pull-apart basins and wrench fault processes.
According to the paleontology, deposition of the Maastrichtian sediments occurred in a
marine environment, with water depths ranging from outer neritic to lower bathyal
(PARSEP, 2001). The lithofacies observed in the Maastrichtian are more distal than
those of the Paleocene. There is no definite evidence of turbidite sedimentation. The
sediments were probably deposited as debris flows. The Paleocene lithological
succession, from base to top, reflects an increase in grain size and bed thickness
16
attributed to erosion of high tectonic relief and progradation. The high content of
feldspars and igneous rock fragments observed in all the samples, reflects an immature
provenance and possibly arid climate (lack of chemical weathering) and short distances
of transport; most tectonically active settings are characterized by short-headed
depositional systems. This interpretation is further supported by the predominance of subrounded to angular grains.
We compare the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene succession drilled in the Lobos 1X and
La Casita 55-X1 wells with the section at the western edge of Paita High. They are
similar in terms of basement affinity, age, grain size, lithological maturity, and the
apparent short distances of transport. One significant difference, however, is the
interpreted water depth of the depositional environment in either succession. However,
these localities are 200 km apart.
The above observations suggest that the Lobos pre-Cenozoic rocks have more affinity
with the Paita succession than with the Lower Cretaceous section of the Andean margin.
Of course, additional work is needed to place these interpretations in their regional
context.
17
eUMT
eeMMT
eUET
Basement
eCH
eUMT
Basement
18
eUMT
Basement
eUMT
eMMT
Basement
19
eCH
eUMT
eUET
Salaverry
Basin
eMMT
Trujillo
Basin
Salaverry
High
Basement
Figure 9: Dip line L93-45 across the Trujillo and Salaverry Basin
Sechura
Basin
eUMT
Salaverry
Basin
eCH
eMMT
Sechura/Salaverry
High
Basement
Figure 10: Strike line L93-68 across the structural high separating the Sechura and Salaverry Basins.
21
Eocene
Cretaceous
Basement
Figure 11: N-S
-S seismic line through the Lobos well in the Trujillo Basin. Note the difference in
character of the Cretaceous section in this figure with that of the Salaverry pre-Tertiary sequences in
Figures 5-10
faults. In the northern part of the basin a very prominent WNW-ESE trend is present
(Fig. 18), which cuts only the shallow section and does not affect basement (Fig. 17).
Another interesting feature about the Salaverry Basin is in the abundance of intrusive
bodies seen emplaced within the Tertiary section. These are best displayed in Figures 5
and 7. Additionally, the isolated patches of highly serrated, rugged terrain underlying the
Tertiary in the eastern Salaverry Basin (Fig. 6) may be indicative of volcanic flows.
Previously, it was speculated that a thick sedimentary package of Cretaceous rocks was
present beneath the young Tertiary cover of the Salaverry Basin. This study concludes
that the underlying sequences are probably metasediments of Mesozoic age and
represents economic basement for the following reasons.
1. The Ballena 1X well found the basal Tertiary sequences overlying a basement
composed of quartz biotite gneiss. Reflectors beneath this Tertiary contact can
clearly been seen in Figure 9, extending from the well to the Salaverry Basin
beneath the Tertiary. This study finds it difficult to interpret any significant
structural feature that would separate the two areas. Consequently, it was
concluded that rocks interpreted previously as Cretaceous sediments by other
22
studies, must have the affinities similar to those penetrated by the Ballena 1X
well.
2. The seismic character of the reflections beneath the Salaverry basin are of low
frequency, and sometimes continuous, but as equally, chaotic. Many of these
reflectors may not be sedimentary in nature, but rather seismic multiples
generated when the signal hits the hard basement surface. Furthermore, this
character is very different in appearance from the more continuous, higher
frequency reflectors seen within the Cretaceous section in the vicinity of the
Lobos 1X well located northeast of the Salaverry Basin (Fig.11).
3. Fieldwork preformed by Petroperu in the coastal areas of the Trujillo Basin
generally found most of the Cretaceous sediments to be highly indurated and
with TAIs of 5. This latter point indicates that these sediments have
experienced a very high thermal history.
4. Fieldwork by PARSEP (Appendix 2) found intruded (gabbro dykes), foliated
Jurassic metasediments along the coastal areas that could be projected into the
subsurface beneath the Tertiary unconformity.
5. The proliferation of intrusive bodies seismically identified within the Salaverry
basin.
23
5.0 STRATIGRAPHY
Overlying economic basement of Mesozoic age, four main sedimentary sequences have
been recognized in the geological evolution of the Salaverry Basin, the Lower Miocene,
Middle Miocene, Upper Miocene and Plio-Quaternary. To the west of the basin along
the Salaverry High, sediments of Upper Eocene age are seen onlapping basement and
further west yet in the much deeper Trujillo Basin, rocks of Oligocene and Lower to
Middle Eocene are also encountered. Although Eocene through Oligocene rocks have
not been interpreted in the Salaverry Basin, they have been included in following section
for consistency
24
5.4 Oligocene
Some evidences of Oligocene sediments have been found in the well Lobos 1X with a
single specimen of Cyclusphaera doubingerii at 595 m. (Table 4) that ranges in age from
Oligocene to Eocene. No samples were recovered above 520 m. In the Morsa Norte 1X,
well the interval 833-1031 m. (Table 3) brings a microfauna assemblage that gives a
range within the Oligocene-Eocene. However, there are no clear evidences of fauna
exclusive of biochronozones P22 to P18 from the Oligocene. In Delfin 1X well (Table 2)
the nannofossil Helicosphaera recta (P18-P19) was found at 1485.6 m, this specimen
defines the Middle Oligocene in Ecuador. The Oligocene represents a wedge of
sediments that is interpreted to pinchout along the eastern boundaries of the Trujillo
Basin.
Peruvian coast. In the Morsa well (203? 540 m. Table 3), this interval is described as a
gray to olive silty claystone with interbedded thin micritic limestone and a lack of fauna.
5.8 Plio Quaternary
A relatively thick wedge of sediments occurs on the present continental slope west of the
Morsa Norte 1X well, reaching a maximum thickness of 500 ms TWT. It is seen
pinching out on the modern day upper slope. This wedge is a basinward progradation of
the outer continental shelf and slope, and because of erosion and sediment bypass, most
of the pre-existing shallow areas have little sediment of this age. The principal of site of
Plio-Quaternary sediment preservation within the inner shelf area is in the Salaverry
basin.
26
Within the Salaverry/Trujillo area four wells have been drilled, Ballena 1X and Delfin 1X
drilled by Occidental in 1971 and Morsa North 1X and Lobos 1X by Repsol in 1999. All
but Lobos 1X TDd in basement, which was abandoned in the Cretaceous. The following
section summarizes the salient points pertinent to the two wells most closely associated
with the Salaverry Basin, Ballena 1X and Delfin 1X.
6.1 BALLENA 1X
The Ballena 1X well was drilled by Occidental Peru in 1971 and was the first well drilled
in this region. The nearest well control at the time of drilling was the Inca 5-1 well which
was drilled in 1954 and located onshore just over 300 km to the north (Fig. 2). The
Ballena 1X well was drilled to basement and had a total depth of 3198 feet.
Although the well was the first in the area, it was not actually drilled in either the Trujillo
or Salaverry Basins but rather on the Salaverry High. This high is a northwest trending
elongate basement feature that experienced several pulses of late Miocene Pliocene
uplift/inversion, and now separates the Trujillo Basin to the west from the Salaverry
Basin to the East. Intersecting the Ballena 1X well is the seismic line L96-105 (Fig. 6).
Upper Miocene
Middle Miocene Marker
Middle Miocene
Eocene
Basement
Salaverry High
Trujillo Basin
27
It should be noted that the top of the Eocene as depicted on the Seismic line L96-105
(Fig. 12), is tied to the biostratigraphic data for both the Delfin and Ballena 1X wells. A
purely seismic interpretation could have picked the Top of the Eocene to occur at a lower
depth west of SP 1350.
Table 1: From Ballena 1X Biostratigraphy table (Summary from Appendix B: Paleoenvironmental
analyses of the Delfin 1X and Ballena 1X wells in Carlos Azalgara (1993)
N O U
N B
L DEPT
B H
(m)
231.4
(760)
344
(1130)
450.6
(1480)
825.0
(2710)
855
(2808)
963
(3163)
EPOCH
Series
Lower
Pliocene/
Upper
Miocene
PERIOD
SYSTEM
Neogene
Middle
Miocene
Neogene
Lower
Miocene
Neogene
Eocene
Paleogene
28
The well encountered rocks of Tertiary age overlying basement, which was identified as a
Quartz Biotitic Gneiss of Paleozoic (?) age. A summary on the reevaluation of the
samples and cores from this well to refine the paleo-bathymetry, depositional
environments and age of the sediments, was done in 1990 and recorded in the thesis of C.
Azalgara (1993). These results are presented in Table 1.
6.1.1 Lithological/Reservoir Discussion
Dark brown dense, authigenic carbonates (dolomicrite, lime micrite and calcareous
mudstone) were the most prevalent lithologies noted in the well. The composition of the
diagenetic carbonates varies from calcite to dolomite. Organic-rich mudstones derived
from coastal upwelling make up the bulk of the sediments. Sediments of this type
accumulate on the outer shelf and upper slope, which is seaward of the high-productivity
surface waters of the inner shelf.
Coarse clastics have been described in the well from various reports, but upon
examination of the well logs, there is little to indicate that there is much of anything with
reservoir potential.
6.1.2 Hydrocarbons Shows
No indications of hydrocarbons were found in this well.
6.2 DELFIN 1X
The Delfin 1X well was the second well drilled by Occidental Peru in the region and was
spudded immediately following the Ballena 1X abandonment. The well was drilled to
metamorphic basement and a total depth of 8743 feet. It was abandoned as a dry hole on
September 1971. The well when drilled was based on a prospect defined with a very
coarse seismic grid and subsequent seismic acquired over the area now show there is no
structural closure at the Delfin location. The well location is spotted on seismic line C2030 that is shown in Figure 13.
6.2.1 Lithological/Reservoir Description
In the Delfin 1X well, the Middle Eocene and Upper Eocene/Lower Oligocene sequences
for most part consist primarily of interbedded limestone, mudstone and siltstone. It
should be noted that the Delfin 1X well was the only well in the area to have conclusively
encountered sediments of Oligocene age (not seismically mapped). Of importance to the
economic development of the region are the sandstone intervals that were encountered
within the Eocene/Oligocene section. The most significant is shown in Figure 14 where a
100 plus foot sand with porosities that in places exceed 20%, was intersected
approximately 350 feet above basement. Under trapping conditions, this sandstone could
make an excellent hydrocarbon reservoir.
29
Upper Miocene
Middle Miocene
Basement
Eocene
SN (ohmm)
200
0.2
CALI (IN)
0
ILD (ohmm)
100
0.2
DT (us/ft)
100 140
100 2
40
RHOB (gr/cc)
3
SP (mV)
0
50
8300
Sdst, fn-cse, predom crs rrd-subang clrmilky unconsol qtz, minor amnt fn-med
gry SS, mica, friable, intebed med gry
siltst and gry brn silty sh, tr pyrite
8400
8500
Figure 14: (left) A Lower Eocene sandstone reservoir that intersected in the Delfin 1X well.
Figure 15: (right) Mud log of the 3600 to 4500 section where gas shows were encountered.
30
Table 2: From Ballena 1X Biostratigraphy table (Summary from Appendix B: Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Delfin 1X and Ballena 1X wells in C. Azalgara (1993)
N O U L DEPTH
N B B
(m)
228.3
(750)
368.4
(1210)
782.4
(2570)
1467.4
(4820)
1768.7
(5810)
1802.2
(5920)
EPOCH
Series
Lower
Pliocene/
Upper
Miocene
PERIOD
Neogene
Upper
Miocene/
Middle
Miocene
(CN5?
CN9)
Neogene
Lower
Miocene
Neogene
Middle
Oligocene
Paleogene
Middle
Eocene
Paleogene
31
32
7.0 GEOCHEMISTRY
7.1 Oil seeps and Crude oil characterization (modified after Repsol 1997a)
The neighboring Trujillo Basin is well known for the occurrence of natural oil seeps in its
northern sector. The most spectacular one is the offshore seepage a few kilometers west
of Isla Lobos de Afuera, (Fig. 16), which occurs over a 5 x 3 km area as a thin iridescent
film, showing patches of gas bubbles and having an oily odor over a wide distance. This
seep has historically been known since the time of the first travelers of the Spanish
Colony in the XVI century. In their evaluation of the Z-29 Trujillo Block, Repsol
identified numerous other seeps in the area, the locations of which are presented in Figure
17.
3000
200
00
00
10
50
40
0
150
2 000
3500
00
25
La Casita 55X-1
Pabur X-1
PG-11N-X
Peninular
Bayovar
Inca 5-1 1
0
3500
4000
2500
0
20
200
1500
500
1000
300
Isla Lobos
de Tierra
100
Chiclayo
Isla Lobos
de Afuera
Puerto Eten
1000
1500
0
50
20
00
30
2500
00
0
20
Lobos 1X
0
350
0
400
Puemape
100
Malabrigo
00
10
1500
50
0
30
0
250
0
200
00
0
20
100
Trujillo
Morsa Norte 1X
00
40
35
00
Ballena (OXY) 1
1000
15
00
30
00
25
00
20
Delfin (OXY) 1
50
00
0
10
0
20
0
400
0
00
35
SALAVERRY Basin
10
00
15
00
50
0
00
30
200
25
0
0
00
20
10
0
40
00
35
00
0
20
10
00
15
50
0
0
20
00
30
00
100
00
25
40
00
00
35
10
00
150
2
00
00
20
The geochemical study of the seep samples from the Trujillo Basin, the oil samples from
the Talara producing fields and asphalt seeps, was conducted by Repsol/Corelab in
33
1996/97, to define the characteristics of the oils, to group them into genetically distinct
oil families and to establish the correlation oil samples with the potential source rocks.
The geochemical investigation on the Trujillo oil seeps and Talara crude oils conducted
by Corelab reveals three different source rocks contributing to the region:
1) The extracted oils from the seeps samples near Isla de Lobos, were derived from a
source rock with mixed organic facies containing abundant marine algal organic matters,
and the source rock is probably of Late Cretaceous age.
2) The oil seep from the southern part of the Trujillo Basin is considered to be sourced by
a mixed organic facies with significant terrigenous organic matter deposited under anoxic
condition. The source rock of this oil seep is believed to be different from that of the
extracted oils from northern oil seeps, but no age is suggested for its source.
3) The crude oils from the Portachuelo, Inca and Lagunitos wells are interpreted to have
been sourced by a mixed organic facies with abundant algal and terrigenous matter, and
the source rock is assumed to be Upper Cretaceous or Tertiary age.
b. The extracted oils from the 10 water samples and the one cotton swab
were derived from a source rock with mixed organic facies containing
abundant marine algal organic matter, and the source rock is probably of
late Cretaceous age. The oil seep from the Way Point 005 is considered to
be sourced by a mixed organic facies with significant terrigenous organic
matter deposited under anoxic conditions, but no age is suggested for its
source. The crude oils from the Portachuelo, Inca, and Lagunitos wells
are interpreted to have been sourced by a mixed organic facies with
abundant algal and terrigenous organic matter and the source rock is of
Tertiary age.
c. Corelab have also indicated that the different oil groups are moderately
mature to mature (Ro between 0.70 and 0.80).
3. Repsol - Hydrocarbon Potential Review (September 1997)
a. This report consisted of an extensive review and analysis on the Trujillo
basin geochemistry and its modeling. Repsol concluded that several thick
and extensive marine shaly intervals could qualify as the sources of the
numerous surface oil seeps described in the offshore Trujillo Basin area.
These shaly sections are associated with the following stratigraphic
intervals:
-Muerto Fm.
(Lower Cretaceous)
-Redondo Fm.
(Upper Cretaceous)
-Parias- Talara Fm. (Lower-Middle Eocene)
-Verdun Fm.
(Upper Eocene)
-Montera Fm.
(Middle Miocene)
b. In summary, the source rock evaluation conducted by Repsol on the
Cretaceous and Tertiary intervals of the five wells, revealed only the
presence of poor to marginal gas source rock potential. Only the Upper
Eocene Verdun Fm and the Middle Miocene Montera Fm from the Delfin
20-x-l well, show immature oil and gas source rock potential (0.32-0.43%
Ro), containing low yield Type II/III kerogens (formed by partly oxidized
amorphous organic matter). These Upper Miocene source rocks when
adequately mature would generate minor oil and mainly gas.
c. A series of four BasinMod burial history models were constructed for each
depocenter in the Trujillo. These models have been superceded by a later
work by Repsol (Repsol 2000b) after the drilling of the Lobos and Morsa
1X.
4. Geochem Group Ltd. A Geochemical Evaluation of Well Lobos Z29M-9-1X,
Offshore Peru (October 1999)
a. The analyzed intervals were consistently poor (occasionally very poor)
essentially Type III source rocks whose potential is for gas or at best for
gas with associated light liquids. Moreover, they are immature above
1700 meters and effectively immature below this depth.
b. C1-C7 light hydrocarbons headspace gas data indicate good shows of
extremely dry gas throughout the analyzed section. Neither these data nor
the (limited) C15+ hydrocarbons data provide evidence of migrated liquid
hydrocarbons.
35
conclude that any oil reservoired in the Salaverry basin would have to be
sourced from the depocenters located in the Trujillo Basin region to the
west.
To further support this supposition, the surface geological work done by Petroperu during
the 1980s in their attempt to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of the Salaverry Basin
concluded that the Cretaceous rocks of Andean affinity outcropping east of the Salaverry
Basin, although containing good source rocks, typically had TAIs of around 5 and were
consequently spent.
37
8.0 GEOPHYSICS
8.1 Introduction
The first seismic surveys in the Salaverry Basin were carried out in 1973 and 1974 by
Petroleos del Per S.A. and Delta Exploration Company. The program was a joint
acquisition for both the Salaverry and the Trujillo Basins, of which 255 line km were
exclusively in the Salaverry Basin. In an attempt to explore the continental shelf and
continental margin of the Peruvian coast, Petroleos del Per and RIBIANA INC
undertook, in 1993, a massive seismic acquisition program extending from the Ecuador
border in the north to the Pisco basin in the south. The Salaverry Basin received 3800 line
km, which make up the bulk of this report.
Other than geophysical studies, the Salaverry basin has not seen any other exploration
activity. All geological information has been extrapolated from the adjacent Trujillo
Basin wells, which offer a direct tie to most of the stratigraphic sequences. In total, five
seismic horizons were correlated and mapped throughout the basin: Upper Miocene Top,
Intra Upper Miocene Channel, Middle Miocene Marker, Upper Eocene Top and
Basement. A two-way time structural map for each of these horizons is presented in
Enclosures 3 to 7. The Basement and Intra Upper Miocene Channel maps are also
presented in Figures 17 and 18. Furthermore, one isochron map was made that included
the Basement-Upper Eocene interval and is included in this report as Enclosure 8.
A seismic montage depicting the general present-day basin configuration was made
(Enclosure 9) and is comprised of four regional E-W trending seismic lines, as well as
one regional basin-wide profile.
SOURCE
Airgun
Vapor chock
QUALITY
Very-good
Good-poor
KM
3800
255
In terms of data quality, the RIBIANA-93 migrated data utilized in this interpretation was
of excellent quality. The DELTA-73 survey is of much poorer quality, aggravated by
navigation and processing errors and was consequently not used in the interpretation.
38
8.4 Structures
The only significant structure mapped persistent through the entire sedimentary section
was the Ballena Structure (Fig. 17). Two other structural culminations were also mapped
but their sedimentary section was thin and sediments of Middle Miocene age are seen to
outcrop on the sea-floor. A more detailed description on the nature of these structures
was covered in the preceding section, - 4.7 Geological Overview of the Salaverry Basin.
m), whereas along the basinal flanks, it is much shallower. This elevation change attests
to the young age of the basin.
8.5.2 Intra Upper Miocene Channels (eCH)
The Intra Upper Miocene Channel event is floored by a highly discordant or eroded
surface forming spectacular submarine canyons in much the same manner as the younger
Upper Miocene event. This boundary represents the unconformity surface separating
Upper Miocene and Middle Miocene sediments. These canyon features have a strong EW orientation and a similar distribution although slightly more than that of the Upper
Miocene Top and occur primarily in the northern half of the study area. The sedimentary
fill is characterized by U-shaped continuous, low amplitude, high frequency reflectors
with internal chaotic character.
The 2WT structure map on this reflector that is presented in Figure 18 and Enclosure 4
when compared to the 2WT structure map on Basement (Fig. 17 and Enclosure 7) shows
how the Salaverry Basin attenuated through further subsidence related to the uplift of the
Salaverry high in Upper Miocene time.
8.5.3 Middle Miocene Marker (eMMM)
The Middle Miocene section is restricted to the western part of the Salaverry Basin,
(Salaverry High). During Middle Miocene time the Salaverry Basin was the shallow
shelfal area of the Trujillo Basin and this reflector is seen onlapping Basement.
This is a well-defined continuous seismic reflector with a strong impedance contrast and
is easily identifiable throughout most of the Trujillo Basin. This particular reflector
essentially is found within the middle of the Middle Miocene and is tied to the Morsa
Norte 1X well at 275 ms. A TWT map on this reflector is presented in Enclosure 5.
8.5.4 Upper Eocene Top (eUET)
The Upper Eocene section, although complete in the Trujillo Basin, is mostly absent in
Salaverry basin due to non-deposition. All four wells drilled in the area encountered
rocks of this age. The mapped surface represents the erosionally truncated surface of the
Eocene, which is overlain by rocks of Miocene or Oligiocene in age. A time-structure
map on the Eocene Top is presented in Enclosure 6.
8.5.5 Basement
A very stong and continuous reflector defines the base of the Tertiary section in the
Salaverry Basin. Here, we have interpreted the Tertiary to be overlying metasediments
of Mesozoic age which are believed to represent economic basement, as projected from
fieldwork done in the coastal areas and well control. A more through discussion on this
is given in the preceding sections - 4.2 The Basement of the Salaverry and Trujillo
Basins; and 4.7 Geological Overview of the Salaverry Basin. A time-structure map on
Basement is presented in Figure 17 and Enclosure 7.
40
Sechura/Salaverry
Structure
Morsa Structure
Ballena Structure
Figure 18: Time structure map on Inter Upper Miocene Channel Top (right)
41
9.0 PROSPECTS
In the evaluation of the Salaverry basin, no prospects of any significance were noted despite
the fact that three large closures were mapped. The three structures from north to south have
been designated as: 1) Sechura/Salaverry (Fig. 18) ; 2) Morsa Norte (Fig. 18); and 3) Ballena
(Fig. 17).
The Sechura/Salaverry closure at basement level (Fig. 17), is at best a flat that plunges rapidly
to the west into the Trujillo Basin At the top of Middle Miocene level the structure is
breached. Within the mid-Middle Miocene section, the structure contracts and migrates
northwestward. This latter closure was defined previously in the Trujillo Basin Study as the
Leon Graben Central Prospect.
The Morsa Norte Structure is principally within the Trujillo Basin where it was tested by
Repsol in 1999 with the Morsa Norte 1X well. At shallower levels the structure extends into
the Salaverry Basin but here it is breached near the top of the Middle Miocene level and
consequently, offers little in terms of prospectivity.
The third structure, the Ballena, represents the best defined structure mapped within the
boundaries of the Salaverry Basin and was formed as a result of the Salaverry High uplift.
The Ballena 1X well, however, tested this feature in a near crestal position without any shows
of hydrocarbon or significant reservoir development.
10.0 CONCLUSIONS
The Salaverry Basin Project conducted by PARSEP took approximately two months to
complete and was an extension to the previously completed Trujillo Basin project (PARSEP,
2001). During this time virtually all the available geologically data, which included
government, industry and academic reports, and well data, was utilized within the project area
as well as regionally. Additionally, a PARSEP sponsored field trip (Appendix 2) was
conducted to the in the Salaverry/Trujillo area to help formulate and confirm a number of the
conclusions reached in this report. Geophysically, all the available SEGY seismic data that
was available was reviewed and interpreted. It is this latter work on which the foundations for
the conclusions reached on regional geology and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Salaverry
Basin was made.
43
10.2 Stratigraphy
1. Overlying economic basement of Mesozoic age, four main sedimentary sequences
have been recognized in the geological evolution of the Salaverry Basin, the Lower
Miocene, Middle Miocene, Upper Miocene and Plio-Quaternary.
2. To the west of the basin along the Salaverry High, sediments of lower Middle Miocene
and Upper Eocene age are seen onlapping basement and further west yet in the much
deeper Trujillo Basin, rocks of Oligocene and Lower to Middle Eocene are also
encountered.
10.3 Geochemistry
1. No mature source rock can be postulated for the Salaverry Basin. Any hydrocarbon
charge received in the basin would have to have migrated eastward from the deeper
depocenters of the Trujillo Basin.
10.4 Prospects
1. No prospects of any significance were mapped.
44
11.0 REFERENCES
Azalgara, C. (1993). Structural Evolucion of The Offshore Forearc Basins of Peru, including the
Salaverry, Trujillo, Lima, West Pisco and East Pisco Basins. (M. A. Thesis) Rice University
Caldas, J., Palacios, O., Pecho, V., and Vela, C., (1980). Geologa de los Cuadrngulos de: Bayovar,
Sechura, La Redonda, Pta. La Negra. Lobos de Tierra, Las Salinas y Morrope. Instituto Geologico,
Minero y Metalrgico, Boletin Serie A, N` 32, Lima, Peru.
Corelab (1996) Geochem Evaluation of Selected: wells, seeps, and oil samples from Peru Core
Laboratories
Corelab (1999) Geochemical Evaluation and Correlation of the Morsa Norte crude oil. Core
Laboratories
Corelab (1999a). Petrographic report for Repsol Exploracion Peru, Morsa Norte Z29M-37-1X,
Offshore Peru. Core Laboratories, Advanced Technology Center, Carrollton, Texas.
Corelab (1999b). Petrographic report for Repsol Exploracion Peru, Lobos Z29M-9-1X, Offshore Peru.
Core Laboratories, Advanced Technology Center, Carrollton, Texas.
Geochem Group Limited (1999a). A geochemical evaluation of well Morsa Norte Z29M-37-1X,
offshore Peru. Geochem Group Limited, Petroleum Geochemistry Division.
Geochem Group Limited (1999b). A geochemical evaluation of well Lobos Z29M-9-1X, offshore
Peru. Geochem Group Limited, Petroleum Geochemistry Division.
Gavio, C. (1987) Evaluacin Geologica de la Cuenca Salaverry. Estudio Petrogrfico (Areas Rio La
Leche y Alto Chicama) PETROPERU.
Harrison, D.J. and Jones, P.A. (1999a). Morsa Norte Z29M-37-1X wellsite biostratigraphy of the
interval 480-1281 m TD. Robertson Research International Limited.
Harrison, D.J. and Jones, P.A. (1999b). Lobos Z29M-9-1X wellsite biostratigraphy of the interval 5302469 m TD. Robertson Research International Limited.
Jaillard, E. (1994). Kimmeridgian to Paleocene tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Peruvian
(and Ecuadorian) margin. In: J.A. Salfity (Ed.), Cretaceous tectonics of the Andes, International
Monograph Series, Earth Evolution Sciences.
Minguito, M, Machin, J, Cakebread-Brown, J, and Beroiz, C, (1997). Trujillo Basin, Block Z29,
Hydrocarbon Potential Review. Repsol Exploracion Madrid.
Muro, M. (1988) Anlisis petrogrfico en 155 muestras de Campo secciones estratigrficas rios Zaa
Jequetepeque. PETROPERU.
45
Repsol
Repsol Exploracin Per (1999). Informe final del sondeo Lobos Z29M-9-1X. Repsol Exploracin,
Sucursal del Per.
Repsol Exploracion Peru, (1999). Post Mortem Summary Well Morsa Norte Z29M-37-1X.
Repsol Exploracion Peru, (1999). Post Mortem Summary Well Lobos Z29M-9-1X.
Repsol Exploracion Peru (1999) Mapping and Significance of Amplitude Anomalies in the Lobos
Basin Floor Turbidite.
Sotomayor, J., Chambers, A. and Molina, F. (1999). Well Lobos Z29M-9-1X-Integrated interpretation
study: Petrophysical interpretation, geological interpretation, structural analysis and geological
model. Exploration Technical Direction, Repsol-YPF, Madrid.
Tarazona, A. (1987) Anlisis visual de kerogeno en 52 muestras de campo Formaciones: Chicama,
Chimu, Santa, Carhuaz, Farrat, Inca, Chulec, Pariatambo. Cuenca Salaverry. PETROPERU.
Torres, J, and Fontecha, B. (2000). Stratigraphy and semidementology of wells Morsa Norte Z29M-371X and Lobos Z29M-9-1X. Apex Petroleum, Inc. Colorado.
Vergara, J., Vargas, L. (1989) Secciones Estratigrficas medidas en el valle del Rio Zaa (Cuenca
Salaverry). PETROLEOS DEL PERU.
Vargas, L., Uyen, D. (1987) Secciones Estratigrficas del Rio Chicama (Cuenca Salaverry).
PETROLEOS DEL PERU.
46
APPENDIX 1
Geological Legend For Enclosure 1 and Figure 2
(From Ingemmet 1:1,000,000 Map 1995)
APPENDIX 2
Proyecto PARSEP
TABLA DE CONTENIDO
INTRODUCCION ........................................................................................................ 3
OBJETIVO .................................................................................................................. 3
AREAS DE PAITA Y BAYOVAR................................................................................ 4
Ubicacin y Accesibilidad .........................................................................................................4
Aspectos Geolgicos...................................................................................................................4
Estratigrafa .................................................................................................................................4
PALEOZOICO ....................................................................................................................4
CRETACEO ........................................................................................................................4
Campaniano medio-superior (Formacin La Meza) .....................................................................4
Maastrichtiano inferior (Formacin La Tortuga) .........................................................................4
Maastrichtiano medio (Formacin El Cenizo) ............................................................................5
Paleoceno (Formacin Balcones) .............................................................................................5
Eoceno Inferior (Formacin Salina-Mogolln) (?) .......................................................................5
Eoceno Superior (Formacin Verdn) (?) ..................................................................................5
Geologia Estructural .....................................................................................................................5
AREAS DE VALLE DEL RIO CHICAMA, MALABRIGO Y PUEMAPE.................... 11
Ubicacion y accesibilidad ...............................................................................................................11
Aspectos Geolgicos ......................................................................................................................11
Estratigrafa ...............................................................................................................................11
Geologia Estructural ...................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSIONES ..................................................................................................... 12
OBJETIVO
El objetivo principal de este reconocimiento geolgico fue el de observar y analizar
directamente las relaciones estratigrficas de la series expuestas en las diferentes localidades
seleccionadas, identificar y reconocer los modelos sedimentarios de cada una de ellas, observar su
grado y tipo de deformacin tectnica y en algunos de los casos el grado de metamorfismo que afect
a las rocas. Esta experiencia visual transformada en informacin geolgica es de tremenda utilidad al
momento de trabajar la interpretacin de las secciones ssmicas y en la concepcin regional del rea
de estudio.
Aspectos Geolgicos
Estratigrafa
PALEOZOICO
Serie metamrfica deformada a partir de secuencias sedimentarias areno- pelticas que han
sido transformadas a esquistos de bajo grado, filitas y cuarcitas. (J. Jacay). Estas se exponen en el
sector de la Playa Tantalean (Bayovar). Los niveles pelticos son los que mayormente han sufrido los
efectos del metamorfismo regional y trmico. Las filitas estn constituidas por finas laminaciones
negro-azulinas, mayormente fisibles y astillosas con superficie lustrosa.
CRETACEO
Campaniano medio-superior (Formacin La Meza)
Formacin conocida tambin como Caliza La Meza, se le encuentra en el cerro La Meza,
ubicado al Sureste de Paita. Afloran Calizas masivas que presentan un fracturamiento vertical
columnar. Segn estudios microscpicos de INGEMMET, revelan que se trata de una caliza
biospartica que contienen un 40% de aloqumicos como bioclastos de foraminferos, ostracodos,
restos de lamelibranquios remplazados por calcita y un 60% de ortoqumicos en forma de esparita y
micrita. (Figura No 3). Esta formacin corresponde al Campaniano superior. (Foto N 0)
Geologia Estructural
Los Macizos de Paita e Illescas (Bayovar) son dos accidentes tectnicos de importancia
regional en lo que se refiere a las cuencas de la costa norte del Per. La Silla de Paita es una
protuberancia geogrfica de la costa norte actual, con un ncleo de rocas metamrficas Paleozoicas
intruda por granitos pre-Mesozoicos. Este macizo esta circundado por remanentes de rocas del
Cretceo superior de diferente composicin litolgica y diferente ambiente de deposicin que las
series equivalentes de dominio Andino. La serie del Cretceo inferior (Grupo Goyllarisquizga) que
aflora a lo largo de las estribaciones nor-occidentales de los Andes ha sido diferenciada de la serie
Cretcica de la Costa por varios autores. Estas notorias diferencias han sugerido establecer la
hiptesis de que las cadena Paleozoica de los Amotapes, la Silla de Paita y el Macizo de Illescas
podran ser micro-continentes alctonos con raz de corteza ocenica acrecionados a la placa
continental en diferentes eventos y tiempos, quizs hacia el lmite Cretceo-Terciario. Mediciones de
paleo-corrientes realizadas a la serie Cretcica de La Tortuga indican una direccin de aporte del
oeste hacia el este, completamente opuesto a la configuracin de la cuenca Cretcica Andina.
En el rea de Bayovar el Macizo de Illescas tiene la forma estructural de un gran anticlinorio
con eje noroeste-sureste. Esta constituido por un complejo metamrfico igneo con rocas de probable
edad pre-Cambriana consistentes en gneises anfibolitas y tonalitas, superpuesto por una serie
paleozoica que incluye cuarcitas, filitas, microesquistos, migmatitas.
10
11
CONCLUSIONES
1.
2.
La cuenca donde se depositaron las rocas de la Formacin Tortuga se form posiblemente como un pull
apart basin, con la participacin de fallas transcurrentes que afectaron al Paleozoico y que fueron
reactivndose al mismo tiempo de la sedimentacin.
3.
Con respecto a la formacin denominada Verdn en Bayovar, se puede decir que parece ser una buena
roca reservorio, sin embargo est en discusin la edad exacta de esta formacin en la localidad de la
playa Tantalen.
4.
Por otro lado las secuencias encontradas en Puerto Malabrigo tienen un grado de metamorfismo bastante
alto. El tope de estas secuencias posiblemente se vea reflejado como un fuerte reflector ssmico en las
lneas ssmicas que cruzan de oeste a este la cuenca costa-fuera de Salaverry.
12
13
Foto No 1 Formacin Tortuga, secuencia grano decreciente. Localidad Paita. Playa Tortuga
15
16
17
18
Foto No 9 Punta Mal Abrigo. Contacto entre la Formacin Coln y la Base del Grupo Goyllar
19