Chapter 1

Originates from Punjab = city of 5 rivers

Rivers are: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas = all flow into Indus
Important cities: Lahore( in Punjab) and Amritsar (in india)
Punjab was divided into two after Pakistan was created but when
sikhism started there was no India/ Pakistan
Most sacred Sikh places are in Pakistan
India's invaders entered from NW EXCEPT Europeans! Most by
the Khyber Pass
Chapter 2
He rejected celibacy, believing that family and personal relationships
reflect the discipline of culture, tradition and faith
Guru Nanak (1469-1539) 70 Years --> Founder of Sikhism
Born: Talwandi Rai Bhol - now called nankana Sahib - now in
pakistan
Father: Mehta Kalu (b.1440) Bedi; Patwari (Land Accountant)
Mother: Mata Tripta
Sister: Bibi Nanaki (older then nanak) B. 1464; Married in 1475
to Jairam of Sultanpur* (nanak eventually lives there)--> very
close to his sister
When he lived with his sister (age 16), in a Muslim
orientated city, he was exposed to Muslim philosophers but
he still did not find satisfaction with what he was learning
about their religion from them
Married in 1487 to Mata Sulakhni (age 19)
Two Sons: Baba Sri Chand (1494-1612) and Baba Lakshmi das
(1487-1555)
Education: (Always wanted to know the higher truth->
impressed teachers)

Rukh-ed Din: Arabic, Persian and Religion --> started going

at age 5
Gopal Pandit: Arithmetic, Book keeping
Pt. Brijinath: Sanskrit, Music, Religion
Early Life
Farmer (1485-1504)
Age 5, begins to ask questions about Life
Age 7, Pandit teaches for a day
Age 9, Maivi teaches for a day
Age 12, Married
Age 19, Wife joins in Sultanpur
1504- stays in Sutanpur (7)
Mool Mantar: know the meaning of it!! --> definition of God
8 words are creed of sikhism

Opening words of scripture

Written by Nanak
First composition of sikh religion
Guru Angad Dev Ji (1504-1552)
Nanak 2
1504-1552 [ 35 (when he got power ship) + 13 (years as guru) =
48]
Prophet of devotion
Father: Baba Pheru
Mother: Mata Sabri (Mata Daya Kaur)
Born in Ferozpur, moved to Harike, and settles in Khadur
Studied: Languages, Religion, Arithmetic and Sanskrit
Visited Jwalamukhi temper every year
Marriage: Mata Khivi in 1519
Children: Baba Dasu, Baba Dattu, Bibi Amro, and Bibi Anokhi
Contributions:
Authored 63 sholaks
Invented the gurmukhi script and grammar
Finalized Japji with guru nanak and rewrote guru nanak
hymns
Instituted langar
Visited by hamayun (second Mughal emperor)
Died: in 1552 after 13 years of guruship
Q Nanak 3
Q 1479- 1574 [73 (when he got guruship)+22 (how long he
stayed guru)=95]
Father: Baba Tej Bhan
Mother: Mata Bhagat Kaur
Born in 1479 at Baerke
Married to Mata Mansa Devi in 1502
Children: Mohan, Mohri, Bibi Dani, and Bibi Bhani (remember)
Business: Merchant and Farmer
Met Guru Angad after hearing Bibi Amro sing Guru Nanak's hymn
Lived in Goindwal and became Guru in 1552
Contribution:
907 Hymns in 17 rags in punjabi
Banis: Anand Sahib --> means bliss, sung at every
occasion --> no more crying for days
Inter caste marriages, widow marriage, no purdaha (face
cover ups-> ex. burkha), no dowry, no satti (women
required to jump on her dead husbands cremation),
equality of men and women, made it a requirement for
sikhs to visit him and be in his presence instead of going to
the hindu festivals, made his own festivals (vaisakhi -->

April 1st, and Diwali--> October/ November)--> pretty

much people had to choose who they wanted follow at this
point
Establishment of manjis (cots) -> a parish at different
locations in India, in which a Mahant (women or men and
nonsikhs who occupied the manji) who comes back to
guru during the festivals. Established 22
Collection of authentic hymns (Pothi's) of previous two
gurus and added his own and then gave it to his grandson
and he wrote the books all together. Known as goindwal
pothi's BUT guru ji's son stole the books thinking that he
would have power but he never got any
Built baolli (well) - 84 steps
Met emperor akhbar
Emphasized langar