SESSION 4

PUBLIC AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RECOVERY

Peter Medway
Project Manager, CDMP II, Bangladesh
Email: peter.medway@undp.org
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

September 25, 2014

PARADIGM SHIFT

The 70s: Response Oriented, formation of early warning and

preparedness

1970 Deadliest cyclone Gorky, over 300,000 people died

1972 CPP established, wireless network created

The 80s and 90s: Emergence of the DM Approach

CPP INAUGURATION

1987/88 Severe flood, FAP formulated

1991 Deadliest cyclone, over 138,800 people died, shifting from reactive response to
disaster risk reduction.
1993- Constitution of the DMB
1997- Drafting of the SOD
1998 - Prolonged Flood

CYCLONE GORKY

The 2000s:Consolidation towards a comprehensive system

2000 CDMP I formulated and launched in 2004

2005 - MoFDM re-established, GoBs new DM vision
2006 Revised MoFDM AoB
2007 Cyclone Sidr, estimated deaths 10,000, damages $1.7 billion. Prolong consequences
over safe water, sanitation, health, agriculture. Salinity intrusion.
2009 Cyclone Aila, estimated damages $552.6 million. Prolong consequences.
2010 CDMP II Initiated. Codified formal DM System: revised SOD, NPDM
2012 DM Act enacted, MoDMR Established, DDM Established.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

RELIEF

CYCLONE AILA

DM VISION, ER MODEL
The Disaster Management Vision of the Government of Bangladesh is to
reduce the risk of people, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, from
the effects of natural, environmental and human induced hazards, to a
manageable and acceptable humanitarian level, and to have in place an
efficient emergency response system capable of handling large scale
disasters.
Emergency Response (ER)
Warning/Evacuation/Search/Rescue
Emergency Relief

(Response)
(Response)

(Actual activation of the response system)

Emergency Rehabilitation
Long Term Holistic Rehabilitation
(Considering Risk Reduction Process)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

(Recovery)
(Recovery)

DRIVERS: EMEREGENCY RESPONSE

1. DM Act 2012: In order to carry out the response activities in an effective and efficient manner
following a large scale disaster, DM Act calls to form a National Disaster Response Coordination
Group (NDRCG), to be Chaired by Minister, MoDMR and Members are from 9 Ministries, AFD,
Law Enforcing Agencies.
DM Act also calls for establishment of National Body of Volunteers for Disaster and Local
Disaster Response Coordination Group at City, District, Upazilla and Municipality level.
2. National Plan for DM 2010-2015: Provisioned for Earthquake Incident Command Systems (ICS)
and National Disaster Response and Recovery Fund that will consolidate the existing relief funds.
3. Standing Orders on Disasters (SOD): Highlighted the response and recovery system as response
to Warning period (alert and activation), Disaster onset (response) and Post disaster period
(relief, early recovery and rehabilitation).
Designate BMD, SPARRSO, BWDB/FFWC, as warning agencies, along with content and format of
warning info. The SOD have been revised with the avowed objective of making the concerned
persons understand and perform their duties and responsibilities regarding disaster management
at all levels.
4. Hygo Framework for Action: HFA highlights the importance of involving the civil society, private
sector, NGOs, community organizations and voluntary groups in DRR process, along with
scientific community.
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

EMERGENCY RESPONSE
COORDINATION FRAMEWORK
States responsibilities to care for
victims of disasters, for prevention
and for preparedness

International

International Humanitarian Framework

Support

Political Mandate
(services for all)
Simplicity of coordination structure

National

NDMC

Ministerial Coordination

MoDMR
LCG DER & HCTT

Information
and support
between the
global and
country level
UN, NGOs, Donors

Inter -Sector Coordination

Sectoral Coordination

Local
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

NDRCG

Global Clusters

Intra-Sector Coordination
Coordinated Response

EARLY WARNING: BUSINESS ALLOCATION

Hazard Types

Mandated Warning Agencies

Cyclone

BMD

Storm Surge, Tsunami

BMD

Norwester, Tornado, Hailstorm

BMD

River Flood, Flash Flood

FFWC (BWDB); BMD, SPARRSO

Erosion

BWDB

Drought, Heatwave

BMD, DAE, BWDB

Cold wave, Fog

BMD

Earthquake, Landslide

BMD

Waterborne Hazards

ICDDRB, DOE

PMO, NDRCG/C

Decision Making

NDRCC, DDM/DMIC/DMIN,

Transmission

Fire Services, AFD, Coastguard, CPP, BDRCS, the Media, Telecoms Provides (IVR,
SMS)

Dissemination

CPP Volunteers, Urban Volunteers, BETAR, BTV, Media

Last Mile

Responders (FSCD, CPP, BDRCS, Police, Ansar, AFD)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

Relief/Aid

Community

EARLY RECOVERY NEED ASSESSMENT

SOS Form (Immediate after disaster) with 24 hours
Approximate Loss and Damage and Emergency Requirement
Local Government Officers (DDRO/PIO) in consultation with DMCs

D-Form (After disaster) within 21 days

Detail Assessment of Damage and Loss
Local Government Officers (DDRO/PIO) in consultation with DMCs

Joint Need Assessment (Recover assessment)

The Humanitarian Coordination Task Team (HCTT) comes under the LCG DER as a
platform for strengthening the collective capacity of humanitarian actors in
Bangladesh. HCTT conducts the JNA in post disaster situation.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

ROLE OF NGOs / CIVIL SOCIETY

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (As per SOD)
Normal Times
a) NGOs will take steps for disaster preparedness at
all levels and prepare plans.
b) Appoint team of volunteers and workers in disaster
prone areas and arrange for their training.
c) Take up educational and awareness raising
programmes for the people to combat disaster.
d) Arrange and participate in seminars, workshops
and meetings for earning special efficiency and skill
in disaster management.
e) Keep contact with concerned
Ministry/Department/office/ Agency interested in
disaster/relief work, United Nation Organizations
and non-government organizations.
f) Ensure road communication for stocking and
receipt of relief materials and maintenance of
water transports.
g) If possible, participate in the construction work of
fortified earthen mound and flood shelter, cyclone
shelter and linking them with various socioeconomic and social development programmes.
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

h) Take any other steps in connection with

preparedness programme of the people to meet
any emergency situation.
Alert Stage
a) In case of cyclone, issue warning notice to all
concerned.
b) Ensure dissemination of warning signals to the
concerned community.
c) In case of cyclone, keep contact with CPP and the
Control Room of Storm Warning Centre (SWC) of
BMD.
d) Designate one Liaison Officer for maintaining link
with the EOC at the DMRD and the Control Room
of DMB.
e) Issue instructions to Survey Assessment Team to
be on standby and take any other steps, if
necessary.

ROLE OF NGOs / CIVIL SOCIETY

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (as per SOD)
Warning Stage
a) Assist in damages, losses and needs assessment in affected
areas and dispatch of relief/medical teams and arrival of
concerned relief and medical units to the affected areas
soon after the passage of disaster.
b) Assist the local authority to determine loss and damage and
requirement and supply information to these organizations
and own Headquarters.
c) Give emergency assistance to the disaster affected people,
especially in the following cases.
i. Help in rescue and evacuation work.
ii. Assist the local administration in organising shelter
places.
iii. Give first aid to injured persons.
iv. Arrange complementary food according to the need
of distressed people.
v. Arrange preventive and limited curative treatment.
vi. Arrange for the necessary household materials and
clothing to be dispatched to the seriously affected
people.
d) Inform appropriate authority about loss and damage and
requirement of affected people.
e) Arrange for use of material, received from areas not
attacked by disaster and from Headquarters in areas
affected by disaster.
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

f) Send request for requirement of relief and rehabilitation

assistance to the donor agencies after informing NGO
Affairs Bureau.
g) Inform concerned DMCs and DMB about the response
activities in order to have better coordination and avoid
duplication.
Rehabilitation Stage
a) Participate in reconstruction and rehabilitation
programmes in special circumstances.
b) Take steps for correct and effective evaluation of
preparedness work and for correcting errors/weakness in
such work.
c) Provide assistance to the local authority in any possible
way for relieving the distress of people.
d) Extend Cooperation to the DMCs in preparation of list of
disaster affected people and the requirement and
probability of rehabilitation.
e) Ensure implementation of government guidelines (i.e
BNBC, shelter etc.) for infrastructure construction in the
affected and disaster prone areas.

ROLE OF NGOs / CIVIL SOCIETY

EXPERIENCE
NGOs involvement in DRR activities in Bangladesh has been proven effective for a
number of reasons:

NGOs are operational at grassroots level with communities and local

organizations as partners, and

NGOs follow participatory approach to development planning. This allows them

to respond better to local peoples priorities and build on local capacities. NGOS
often work with the poorest and the most vulnerable groups .

NGOs are relatively free from bureaucratic systems and delays, and better able to
respond and adapt quickly and conveniently

NGOs appear to be more actively involved policy and advocacy, knowledge

dissemination and awareness, community-based risk and vulnerability
assessment, community-based preparedness

Worked as strong advocate for paradigm shift of DM in last decade in Bangladesh

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

TRADITION OF RESILIENCE
Vulnerable people demonstrates strong coping capacities.
Government and NGOs are adept to disasters.
Perfecting the art of disaster governance: sophisticated regulatory framework,
institutional mandate, financing and programmatic arrangements.
Long and strong tradition of voluntarism. Individuals and Community Based
Organizations act as first responders in emergency.
DHL supported to develop Airport Contigency Plans.
Rana Plaza, an eight-storied commercial building collapsed on 24 April, 2013 at
around 9:30 am. The building housed five garment factories employing around
5,000 people, 300+ shops, and a bank. An official statement of the Bangladesh
Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association cited 3,122 workers to be in
the building at the time of the collapse.
During the rescue operation Enam Medical College Hospital helped saving many
lives by providing immidiate medical care to the injured.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

VOLUNTARISM = 1.7% GDP

Deep rooted tradition
Socio-cultural and religious virtues.
Historically rooted from major disasters, impacts of the independence war, and the
persistent poverty.
Growing from relief, to micro credits/initiatives, to professionalization and policy
influence.

Contributing 2 Bn hours, BDT 117 Bn ; or 1.7% GDP

BBS Surveyed 44,000 HHs, 6 divisions, 16,500 pax in 2009- 10
76%(M), 24 (F)
74%(Rural) 26%(Urban)
Rate: 27%(M) 8.4(F) total 17.5%
Types: 88.8%(informal), 10% (formal), 1.5%(both)
Of the informal: 72% (non-gov NPI) 10%(gov NPI) 4.3 (NGO)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME (CPP)

A TRUE VOLUNTEERISM PROGRAMME

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

CPP - BRIEF
Vision
Reduce the risk & loss of life and assets from the cyclonic storms.
Objectives
Build up volunteers teams to strengthen preparedness and prompt response network; to
strengthen warning signals and prompt and effective community response to the cyclone
signals.
History
After the 1970 super cyclone the UNGA requested the Red Cross to lead in pre-disaster planning
including the Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP), The GoB approved and undertook the
recurring financial responsibility and setup a joint programme management mechanism.
Structure
Head Office in Dhaka, 7 zonal offices, each has Upazila offices, each has Union offices, each has
some Units, each has 15 volunteers for 5 posts (Warning Signal, Shelter, Rescue, First Aid and
Relief), each unit covers 2 km area.
Activities
Public awareness and education during normal times; early warning in the impending, and
response during the onset of cyclones
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

STATE OF PLAY
CDMP supports

Rapidly establishing 6 Upazilas in 2 Districts that are newly affected by cyclones.

Trained 6,500 volunteers.
Established offices and provided equipment and gears.
To be broadened to five other Upazilas.

Overall CPP Achievements

Dramatically decreasing the absolute number of deaths from half

million in 70s; to 130,000 in the 90s; to 3,000 in 2007, and 113

in 2009.
CPP volunteers are well accepted and honored in the community.
Some 50,000 volunteers providing their service.
Volunteers extending welfare and relief activities.
Peoples positive attitude to the cyclone shelter.
Promote the roles of female Volunteers.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

THE URBAN VOLUNTEER

ANOTHER PROGRAM OF VOLUNTEERISM

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

REPLICATING CPP TO THE CITIES

GoB wants 62,000 volunteers over the years
In one hand

Fast & unplanned urbanization at 4.5 to 6 % annually.

Deadly combination: seismic hazards & bad buildings.
Dangerous cities: overcrowded, clogged, hazardous.
Gaps in public services & protection.

In the other hand

The good example of CPP.
Professionalizing first responders by FSCD.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

THE URBAN VOLUNTEER

Key objectives
To provide the necessary knowledge and build skills towards pro-active role in saving
lives and reduce damages from disasters.

Purpose
Expanding the first response capabilities, establish network of supports; enhanced
public protection credibility.

Strategies
Sound governance attached to FSCD, well trained, well equipped, engaged.

Progress
CDMP is committed to provide 30,000 by 2014, so far achieved 26,465.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

pre incident activities & provide pre-h

provided remarkable support to secure
indentify water sources in their areas for
incident place. Actively participated
Volunteers took part in various kind of n
and seminars

THE URBAN VOLUNTEER

Engagement
All types of disastrous incident i.e. fire, landslide, road
accident, collapsed structure.

Role

Awareness raising.
Pre-incident activities.
Pre-hospital treatment.
Facilitate the access of FSCD vehicle to incident place.
Identify available resources and sources water source.
Support FSCD staffs during emergency.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

COMMUNITY BASED VOLUNTEER

LANDSLIDE TEKNAF AND COXS BAZAR MUNICIPALITY

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

COMMUNITY BASED VOLUNTEER

LANDSLIDE HAZARD MANAGEMENT TEKNAF AND COXS BAZAR MUNICIPALITY

CDMP II supported DatEx-ADPC Joint

Venture to develop Community Based
Volunteers in Teknaf and Coxs Bazaar
Municipality
area
to
Introduce
Community-based Early Warning System
as per Landslide Hazard Management
initiative.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

COMMUNITY BASED VOLUNTEER

LANDSLIDE HAZARD MANAGEMENT TEKNAF AND COXS BAZAR MUNICIPALITY

A total of 59 volunteers and facilitators have been developed, 43 from Coxs Bazar
and 16 from Teknaf Municipality.
They are given necessary trainings, tools, and now they are fully operational in the
area.

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

CDMPS SUPPORT
DECISION MAKING
PMO: Equipment, telecoms
MoDMR: Telecoms, Equipment, training, NDRCC
DDM: Telecoms, Equipment, training, NDRCC, DMIC
PRINCIPAL AGENCIES
BMD: Instrumentation, training, mini studio
FFWC/BWDB: Extension of warning lead time, instrumentation, training,
GSB: Microzonation, active fault mapping, instrumentation, training
SPARSSO (with UNSPIDER): interagency GIS training, SOPs, Protocol to access Remote Sensing data
and Space Technology
SECOND LAYERS
DAE: Control room & Network to all target Upz offices, instrumentation, training
DoE: Climate change Cell, knowledge network, training
FSCD: instrumentations, training of responders
PIB for the Media, Community Radios
DGHS: Emergency Health Crisis Management Center
GRASSROOTS
CPP: expansion to 6 new upazilla (6,500 new volunteers), completion of another 5
Urban Volunteers: 26,465 from 30,000 out of national target of 62,000
Pilot landslide volunteer (59 in Coxs Bazar)
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

CDMPS SUPPORT
DECISION MAKING
PMO: Equipment, telecoms
MoDMR: Telecoms, Equipment, training, NDRCC
DDM: Telecoms, Equipment, training, NDRCC, DMIC
PRINCIPAL AGENCIES
BMD: Instrumentation, training, mini studio
FFWC/BWDB: Extension of warning lead time, instrumentation, training,
GSB: Microzonation, active fault mapping, instrumentation, training
SPARSSO (with UNSPIDER): interagency GIS training, SOPs, Protocol to access Remote Sensing data
and Space Technology
SECOND LAYERS
DAE: Control room & Network to all target Upz offices, instrumentation, training
DoE: Climate change Cell, knowledge network, training
FSCD: instrumentations, training of responders
PIB for the Media, Community Radios
DGHS: Emergency Health Crisis Management Center
GRASSROOTS
CPP: expansion to 6 new upazilla (6,500 new volunteers), completion of another 5
Urban Volunteers: 26,465 from 30,000 out of national target of 62,000
Pilot landslide volunteer (59 in Coxs Bazar)
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

RANA PLAZA: THE LESSONS

CDMP investment payoff:
Deployment and coordination of trained
rescuers from FSCD and allied
professionals
Trained urban volunteers (around 600)
Use of equipment
Appropriate search-and-rescue
methodologies
Policy and awareness imperatives:
Implementation of Building Code
Retrofitting capacity improvement
Fire and building safety awareness

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

Thank you

For more information contact:

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Department of Disaster Management Bhaban (6th Floor)
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
92-93 of
Mohakhali
C/A, Dhaka-1212,
Ministry
Disaster Management
& Relief Bangladesh, Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255 Website: www.cdmp.org.bd