Urban Local Governance Towards Mainstreaming DRR and Cca

URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE TOWARDS
MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA

Dr. Puji Pujiono, Project Manager, CDMP II
March 2013
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
BANGLADESH
URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE TOWARDS
MAINSTREAMING DRR & CCA

COUNTRY PROFILE
POPULATION
Over 160 million (8th of the world)
AREA
Total 147,570 sq km / 56,977 sq mi (94th)
POPULATION DENSITY
1,033.5/sq km / 2,676.8/sq mi (9th)
Division
2011 population
Area (km 2 )
Population density
2011 (people/km 2 )
Dhaka
47,424,418
31,120
1,523
Chittagong
28,423,019
33,771
841
Rajshahi
18,484,858
18,197
1,015
Rangpur
15,787,758
16,317
960
Khulna
15,687,759
22,272
704
Sylhet
9,910,219
12,596
780
Barisal
8,325,666
13,297
626
VULNERABILITY CONTEXT
5th most natural disaster prone country among 173 countries.
In WRR 2012, it scored 31.7% against exposure, 63.78% against
vulnerability, 43.47% susceptibility, 86.84% against lack of coping
capabilities, and finally 61.03% against lack of adaptive capabilities.
HAZARD PROFILE
DROUGHT
Affects 8.3 million of land. Loss of grazing fields, dried ponds, water
shortage. In 2006, reduced food grains by 1 million tons.
FLASH FLOOD
Damages standing crops, infrastructures and facilities.
Unpredictable, uncertain.
FLOOD
Inundates more areas, increases river erosion, breaches
embankments, damages infrastructures. Loss of crops, fisheries,
livestock, biodiversity.
SALINITY INTRUSION
Sea level rise, damage biodiversity, crop lands, livelihoods and safe
water source. Spreading intrusion from 1.5 to 2.5 Mha (2007).
Projected displacement: 6-8 m by 2050
CYCLONE
Remain to be the deadliest and most destructive hazard. It has
recurring events, lingering aftermath, complex recovery.
Improved preparedness (CPP, shelters, embankments).
AND
CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, FIRE BREAKOUT,
INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE ETC.
EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY
Seismically very active and earthquake risks are increasingly.
During 1869-1930, five earthquakes with magnitude M7 have affected Bangladesh, out of which 2 had their
epicenters inside Bangladesh. 43 % of the area of Bangladesh are rated high risk, 41 % moderate and 16 % low risk
(source: BUET report)
Map: Magnitude of earthquake

(1548 2008), (DU)

VULNERABILITY ISSUES
Issues that increased the vulnerability
Location seismically active

High density of population
Rapid and unplanned urbanization

Extreme weather condition
Less awareness and preparedness
Land use violation
Bio-diversity degradation

GOVERNANCE
British Period (1757-1947)
Very low urbanization

Introduction of Municipal Governance (1820s)
Bengal Municipal Act 1864
Bengal Municipal Act 1932 extended power and functions of municipal bodies
Mayor enjoyed power and decision making authorities
Present Bangladesh
Paragraph 59 & 60 the Bangladesh constitutions has an outline of the local govt. system
with elected representatives facilitating effective participation the people for each unit of
administration. Which is further supplemented by Articles 9 and 11 with additional
attributes of the system.
Local government has been identified as a key strategic sector for improving governance
and development in Bangladesh.

MAINSTREAMING OF DRR & CCA

in urban local governance: Bangladesh Context
HFA 2005-2015
Urban risk, city planning, role of local governments
Empowering communities & local authorities manage and reduce disaster by
accessing resources and authorities
Risk drivers poor urban governance, informal settlements on unsafe land, declining
ecosystem and vulnerable rural livelihoods
CDMP II
Outcome 3: Reduced risk to urban populations through structural and non-structural
interventions, improved awareness of natural hazard events and the piloting of urban
community risk reduction methodologies that target the extreme poor

CDMP II
BUDGET INFLOW AND OUTFLOW
INFLOW
DFID
EU
SIDA
20.00
17.00
7.00
AusAID
10.48
UNDP
6.00
NORAD
Mainstreaming
(10.8)
17%
Response
Preparedness
(5.9)
9%
Community
Adaptation (1.7)
3%
Professionalising
DM (2.09)
3%
Rural Risk
Reduction (37.3)
60%
16.88
GoB
0.96
Total
78.32
Urban Risk
Reduction (4.9)
8%
Outflow
CDMP II

CDMP II - INTERVENTIONS
3.1 Earthquake risk assessment & contingency planning expanded with improved
response in five new districts
Risk assessment seismic micro zonation mapping for Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet
to determine the vulnerability factor for building, communication networks, life line,
gas, electricity, water etc. Presently scaling up to Dinajpur, Rangpur, Tangail,
Mymenshing, and Rajshahi.
Three tier (agency, city and national level) earthquake contingency plan developed.
National earthquake contingency plan developed nine operation clusters focusing
on the command and coordination operation; search, rescue and evacuation
operation; health service; relief service; shelter; water supply; sanitation and hygiene;
restoration of urban services; transportation; and security and welfare services.
Rainfall triggered Landslide Hazard Zonation mapping in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf
municipalities including early warning system development.

3.2 Awareness of, and capacity to manage, urban hazard risks increased across a range
of key target audiences in selected city Corporations
Promoting voluntarism developed and trained 15,000 urban volunteers; 6,540 CPP
volunteers, 59 Community based volunteers for landslide early warning, 578 DRR &
CCA Practitioners in SolEx.
430 secondary and 1,500 primary school teachers were trained earthquake safety.
12,000 secondary and 15,000 primary school conducted earthquake safety drills in
2012.
Trained masons and bar binders for constructing earthquake resilient structures.
Partnering with MAB to make cities resilient. Gradual implementation of 10 essential
points of Making Cities Resilient. Providing technical support for capacity
strengthening of the urban governance system for adequately addressing DRR and
CCA.

3.3 Community-based CRA/RRAP and mitigation works piloted in 45 marginalized slum
and densely populated wards in three cities
Partnering with UPPR and Gopalgonj Pouroshova towards ensuring the sustainable
resettlement and rehabilitation of the evicted slum dwellers in DRH complex.
Partnering Chittagong City Corporation to undertake a pilot project construction of U
Channel, Box-culvert, Guard-wall, Footpath, Catch pit and re-excavation of Khal at
Chemon ara Bridge to Bahaddarhat khal parallel to CDA Avenue as per drainage
Master Plan in order to tackle the waterlogging situation.
Partnering with Mymensingh Municipality to construct RCC drains in wards 15 & 19 to
deal with the flood situation.
Patnering with Sylhet City Corporation to excavation and re-excavation of Holdi Chora
& Construction of U type drain at Holdi Chara, Malni Chora, Guali Chora, Dhupa Chora
under Sylhet City Corporation.
3.4 Ward level contingency planning institutionalized
7 ward level contingency plans by ADPC is in development.
LDRRF SCHEMES

LDRRF SCHEMES

LESSONS LEARNED AND WAY FORWARD

Integration of local interventions into the national development planning with

(require revision)
decentralization of authority to local governments is vital to ensure local ownership of

DRR and local implementation of HFA.
Local authorities should have the responsibility of implementation DRR and be
accountable to the community they represent.
Learns through doing.
Communities are well informed cooperate and when their capacities are increased
they become capable of reducing their vulnerabilities by themselves.
Within the various functions of local authorities, mainstreaming requires: the
identification of areas prone to hazard events; the promotion of citizens ability to
cope up.
Urban local government strengthening also demands both quantities and qualitative
strength.
Local government officials should take challenge of mainstreaming disaster risk
reduction to the next level and find ways to collaborate with each other in order to
mitigate the impacts of disasters.
VIDEO
URBAN COMMUNITY VOLUNTEER 3.02 min

Thank you
For more information contact:
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor)
92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255 Website: www.cdmp.org.bd

Urban Local Governance Towards Mainstreaming DRR and Cca

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URBAN LOCAL GOVERNANCE TOWARDS

MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Map: Magnitude of earthquake

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Location seismically active

Rapid and unplanned urbanization

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Very low urbanization

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

MAINSTREAMING OF DRR & CCA

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

LESSONS LEARNED AND WAY FORWARD

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

decentralization of authority to local governments is vital to ensure local ownership of

URBAN COMMUNITY VOLUNTEER 3.02 min

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

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