CHAPTER III

METHODS OF RESEARCH
This chapter presents the techniques and methods the researcher used in the
study. This chapter also includes the materials that are used in the experiment, the
systematic procedure in the present study and the assumption of the study.
Research Design
The study utilizes the experimental method as the mode of experimentation, as
the experimental method entails the systematic and scientific approach to research in
which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures
any change in other variables.
Furthermore it has been cited as The best method indeed the only fully
compelling method of establishing causation is to conduct a carefully designed
experiment in which the effects of possible lurking variables are controlled. To
experiment means to actively change x and to observe the response in y (Moore,
McCabe, 1993) and (Gay, 1992) The experimental method is the only method of
research that can truly test hypotheses concerning cause-and-effect relationships. It
represents the most valid approach to the solution of educational problems, both
practical and theoretical, and to the advancement of education as a science
Materials and Method
Collection and Identification of plant
The laurencia papillosa (C.Agardh) Greville, is first authenticated at the
National Museum of the Philippines for further identification. This will be collected
randomly in areas of Luzon for a week.

Preparation of Crude Leaf Extracts

The Laurencia papillosa (C. Agardh) Greville is first

authenticated at Philippine National Herbarium
The crude extracts of l.papillosa plants were prepared separately using ethanol
(95%) and distilled water.
Solvent extraction
All collected plants were transported to the laboratory and washed with tap
water and place in a spread news paper for drying under shade. After complete drying,
each plant parts were powdered using a mixer grinder. A powdered plant parts with
known quantity 10g of plant was taken in a beaker and added with 100 mL of ethanol
(95%). The mixtures (ethanol-plant parts) were kept at room temperature for 48 hrs
and stirred rapidly using glass rod after 8 hrs.
After 48 hrs each plant extracts was filtered through filter paper to exclude the plant
parts powder and the filtrate collected contains the extracted material. The final
material was transferred to screw cap bottles, labeled and store under refrigerated
(4C) condition till use.
Preparation of different concentration of plant parts extract
After the plants were extracted it was prepared into three types of
concentrations to differentiate the effectiveness of each concentration on trichiuris
trichiura. Plant concentration consists of (1) 100% pure extracts (2) 75% extracts (3)
50% extracts.

Test Organism

The test organism will be used for this research is Wistar mice(Mus
norvegicus L) is commonly used in studies to represent the effect of the material or a
product as they are tested on them. Mice should be maintained at a standard
temperature appropriate for their adaptation to the environment. They were also given
sufficient food and water for their continued existence before, during, and after
infection to gastrointestinal worms. A total of twenty five (25) medium-sized healthy
Wistar mice should be subjected to treatment.

Specific Treatment

Treatment Group

Number of Mice

L.papillosa extract (100%)

L.papillosa extract (75%)
L.papillosa extract (50%)
Commercial dewormer
No treatment

Experimental Group A
Experimental Group B
Experimental Group C
Controlled Group D
Controlled Group E

5
5
5
5
5

Table 3.1. Distribution of Wistar Mice with Corresponding Treatments.

Infective Larvae
Larvae will be collected through the use of a medium by copro-culture.

Inoculation of Infective Larvae

Cultured larvae will then be introduced to healthy Wistar mice. They will
obtain minimum amounts of larvae through oral administration. By the time that they
were infected, they will be examined for number of eggs by means of procedure after
they have defecated.

Administration of Extracts and Standard Dewormer

After mice were inoculated by larvae, they are about to be given different
doses of three concentrations of L.papillosa extract against commercially available
anthelmintic drug. This will be used for additional relative analysis.

Fecal Egg Count

After three days suffering from infections, mice will then be examined for
their fecal egg count. This accounts for the examination of number of eggs present in
their fecal matter.

Hypothesis
1. There is no significant difference between 50%, 75%, and 100%, the 100%
solution is not more effective than 75%, but 75% is more effective than 50%.
2. There is no significant difference in Laurencia papillosa plant extract when
compared with commercially available drugs.
3. 100%, 75% and 50% of the plant extract of L. papillosa is effective as an
athelmentic agent.
4. As an anthelmintic natural drug, the L. papillosa is best known to treat ascaris
lumbricoides.

NOTES FOR CHAPTER III

Moore, D., & McCabe, D. (1993). Introduction to the practice of statistics. New York:
Freeman.p. 202.
Gay, L. R. (1992).Educational research (4th Ed.). New York: Merrill. p. 298