I.

DEPONENT VERBS
-

comes from L. word deponere which means to set aside

set aside the passive meaning of verbs
are Latin verbs which because of their meaning hardly admit an active
form
conjugated with passive form but with active meaning

Conjugatio
n
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th

Present

Infinitive

Perfect

Meaning

miror
misereor
nascor

mirari
misereri
nasci

miratus sum
misertus sum
nascitus sum

orior
patior

oriri
pati

ortus sum
passus sum

to wonder
to pity
to originate/ be
born
to rise/arise
to suffer

Exemption 1 Deponents have present participle which appears as active and

with active meaning.
mirans, mirantis = wondering
miserens, miserentis = pitying
patiens, patientis = enduring
Exemption 2 Deponents have both the future participle: active and passive.
miraturus, -a, -um = about to wonder
mirandus = to be wondered (future participle passive & passive in meaning)
Example:
Conjugatio
n
1st
2nd
3rd

4th
Mixed

Present

Infinitive

Perfect

Meaning

arbitror
hortor
imitor
videor
tueor
loquor
proficiscor
sequor
utor
potior
aggredior
congredior

arbitrari
hortari
imitari
videri
tueri
loqueri
proficisceri
sequeri
uteri
potiris
aggredieri
congredieri

arbitratus sum
hortatus sum
imitates sum
vissus sum
tuitus sum
locutus sum
profectus sum
secutus sum
usus sum
potitus sum
aggressus sum
congressus
sum

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

judge
exhort
imitate
appear
take care
speak
march/leave
follow
use
acquire/ possess
begin
unite/gather

II. SEMI-DEPONENT VERBS

-

are verbs that are deponent only in the perfect stem, but have active
forms in the present and past tenses.
They are translated only in the active voice.
They come only from the 2nd and 3rd conjugations.

Conjugatio
n
2nd

rd

Present

Infinitive

Perfect

Meaning

audeo
gaudeo

audere
gauderi (e)

ausus sum
gavissus sum

soleo
confido

solere
confidere

solitus sum
confissus sum

to dare
to rejoice; to be
happy
to be accustomed to
to trust

III. IMPERSONAL VERBS

-

active only in the 3rd person singular, present tense and perfect tense
there is no subject in mind, or a clause or infinitive is the subject
using it

Examples:
auditur

dicitur ut
licet

placet

uidetur

opportet
necesse est
decet
libet

interest

it
it
it
it
it
it

is heard (3rd person singular subjunctive)

is said
is permitted
is pleasing
3rd person subjunctive
seems good
indicative/passive
is proper
it is necessary
it is convenient
it is pleasing
it is important

IV. DEFECTIVE VERBS / ANOMALOUS VERBS

-

that are used only in some cases

appears only in the perfect stem
mixed conjugation
conjugated in the present
perfect tense but the meaning is present

Examples:
coepi
memini
odi

I began; I started
I remember
I hate

Perfect
memi
I remember
memisti
you remember
Pluperfect
memeram I was remembering
ajo
I say
inquam
I say
queo
I can
neque
I cannot
____________________________________________________________________________
1 ajo ajebam
2 ais ajebas
3 ait ajebat
Present Indicative
3rd Conjugation
1x
2x
3 ajunt
____________________________________________________________________________

V. IRREGULAR VERBS
- Active voice in indicative, subjunctive and imperative
sum, ese, fui
fero, ferre, tuli, latus
eo, ire, ii (ivi), itum

volo, velle, volui

nolo, nolle, nolui
malo, malle, malui

facio, facere, feci,

factus
fio, fieri, factus

SUM, FERO, AND CO

Compounds of SUM
- no imperative mood
Present
pos-sum
ab-sum
ad-sum
de-sum
prae-sum
pro-sum

2nd Person
pot-es
ab-es
ad-es
de-es
prae-es
pro-des

Infinitive
pos-se
ab-esse
ad-esse
de-esse
prae-esse
prod-esse

Perfect
po-tui
afui
ad-fui
de-fui
prae-fui
pro-fui

Meaning
to be able
to be absent
to be present
to fail
to be in front
to take advantage

Compounds of FERRO
has active and passive voices; has imperative mood
Presen
t
fero

2nd
Person
fers

Imperati
ve
ferre

Infinitive

Perfect

Meaning

tuli

latus

to bear

Present
au-fero

2nd Person
au-fers

Infinitive
abs-tuli

af-fero

af-fers

at-tuli

Present

Perfect
ab-latus, a,
um
al-latum

Meaning
to separate
to bring

Imperativ
e
con-ferre

Infinitive

Perfect

Meaning

con-fero

2nd
Person
con-fers

con-tuli

to gather

dif-fero
ef-fero

dif-fers
e-fers

dif-ferre
ef-ferre

dis-tuli
e-tuli

collatum
di-latum
e-latum

to differ
to take

of-fero
ref-fero

of-fers
re-fers

of-ferre
re-ferre

ob-tuli
re-tuli

ob-latum to offer
re-latum to refer

VOLO, NOLO, and MALO

active voice only

Present
volo

Infinitive
velle

Perfect
volui

Meaning
to be willing

nolo

nelle

nolui

to be unwilling

malo

malle

malui

to be more
willing

Notes
with present
participle
only has the
imperative
with present
participle

Imperfect and future tenses are taken from the 3rd conjugation (ex.
regebam).
volo
vis
vult
volumes
vultis
volunt
volebam

nolo
malo
non vis
mavis
non vult mavult
nolumus malumus
non vultis mavultis
nolunt
malunt
nolebam

malebam

Present Tense

Impefect Tense
Future

volam
voles
volet
volemus
voletis
volent

nolam
malam
noles
males
nolet
malet
nolemus malemus
noletis
maletis
nolent
malent
Imperative
2s
2p

noli
nolite

2s
3s
2p
3p

nolito
nolito
nolitote
nolunto

FACIO and FIO

Indicative
facio
faciebam
faciam
feci
feceram
fecero

ACTIVE
Subjunctive
faciam
facerem
x
fecerim
fecissem
x

Example: benefacio active /

Indicative
fio
fiebam
fiam
factus sum
factus eram
factus ero

benefio - passive

PASSIVE
Subjunctive
fiam
fierem
x
factus sim
factus essem
x